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A secondary mineral typically found as thin tabular crystals with a bright orange-red, yellow-orange, yellow or yellowish grey colour in the oxidised zones of hydrothermal lead deposits. In unique situations it may precipitate from volcanic fumarole gas, in temperatures from 400 to 550<sup>o</sup>C (Africano et al., 2002)."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=4.0"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://zh.mindat.org/min-4322.html"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html"/> <link href="/web/20160927024346cs_/http://www.mindat.org/js/jqueryui/jquery-ui.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/web/20160927024346cs_/http://www.mindat.org/js/jqueryui/jquery-ui.theme.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/js/jquery-1.11.0.min.js"></script> <script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/js/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script 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class="centerer whitecenterer"> <div id="topmainbanner"></div> <div id="topmainbannertablet"></div> <div id="topmainbannerphone"></div> <div class="mindatadiv"><script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/show.js" language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> </script> <div class="fpbox990nl"><h1>Wulfenite</h1><div id="sponsorship">This page kindly sponsored by <a href="user-9684.html">Christian Auer</a></div><div id="ndminmenu"><a id="gallerymenu2ctrl" href="javascript:openexpander('gallerymenu','2');">Photos of Wulfenite (6245)</a><div class="clearer"></div></div> <div class="expandmenu2" id="gallerymenu"> <a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/gm/4322">Wulfenite Gallery</a><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=4322">Search Photos of Wulfenite</a></div> <div class="expandmenu2" id="mineditmenu"> <a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/mineraledit.php?id=4322">Edit </a><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/mineraledit.php?ee=4322">Add Synonym</a><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=4322&ld=&clearcache=1">Clear Cache</a><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/audio_upload.php?min=4322">Add Pronounciation</a><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/mesg-63-115741.html">Edit 'Best-of' Discussion</a></div> <div id="expanderarea2"></div> <div class="minpagephotobox hidephone hidetablet"><div class="newpicbox "><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 349px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-270818.html"><img width="349" height="327" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/349h327-0946279001260129904.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3348.html">Red Cloud Mine, Silver District, Trigo Mts, La Paz Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 254px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-539087.html"><img width="254" height="327" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/254h327-0900633001370760845.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2428.html">Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Otjikoto Region, Namibia</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 389px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-478727.html"><img width="389" height="327" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/389h327-0719835001361221503.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a>, etc.</b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-238.html">Stefanie Mine, Bad Bleiberg, Bleiberg District, Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen, Carinthia, Austria</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div></div><div class="minpagephotobox hidephone hidepc"><div class="newpicbox "><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 237px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-270818.html"><img width="237" height="221" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/349h327-0946279001260129904.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3348.html">Red Cloud Mine, Silver District, Trigo Mts, La Paz Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 172px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-539087.html"><img width="172" height="221" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/254h327-0900633001370760845.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2428.html">Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Otjikoto Region, Namibia</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 264px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-478727.html"><img width="264" height="221" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/389h327-0719835001361221503.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a>, etc.</b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-238.html">Stefanie Mine, Bad Bleiberg, Bleiberg District, Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen, Carinthia, Austria</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div></div><div class="minpagephotobox hidetablet hidepc"><div class="newpicbox "><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 316px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-270818.html"><img width="316" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/349h327-0946279001260129904.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3348.html">Red Cloud Mine, Silver District, Trigo Mts, La Paz Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 316px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-539087.html"><img width="316" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/316-0900633001370760845.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2428.html">Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Otjikoto Region, Namibia</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div></div><div><div class="namedforpic"><div class="userbigpicture " style="float: right; width: 150px;"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/photo-237883.html"><img width="150" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/150-0275768001245923274.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Franz Xaver von Wulfen</b></div></div></div><div id="introdata"><div><span>Formula:</span><div class="twocol"><span class="newformula">Pb(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></div></div><div><span>System:</span><div>Tetragonal</div></div><div><span>Colour:</span><div>Orange-yellow, yellow, ...</div></div><div><span>Lustre:</span><div>Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Resinous</div></div><div><span>Hardness:</span><div>2½ - 3</div></div><div><span>Member of:</span><div><a href="min-32622.html">Scheelite Group</a></div></div><div><span>Name:</span><div class="twocol">Re-named in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger in honor of Franz Xavier von Wulfen [November 5, 1728 Belgrade, Serbia - March 16, 1805 Klagenfurt, Austria], botanist, mineralogist, alpinist and member of the Order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit). Wulfen authored a monograph on the lead ores of Bleiberg, Austria. This mineral was originally named "plumbum spatosum flavo-rubrum, ex Annaberg, Austria" in 1772 by Ignaz von Born. In 1781, Joseph Franz Edler von Jacquin called the mineral "Kärntherischer bleispath". Other names were later proposed.</div></div></div></div><div class="clearer"></div><div class="padder4"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-39448.html">Stolzite-Wulfenite Series</a>.<br/> <br/> A secondary mineral typically found as thin tabular crystals with a bright orange-red, yellow-orange, yellow or yellowish grey colour in the oxidised zones of hydrothermal lead deposits.<br/> <br/> In unique situations it may precipitate from volcanic fumarole gas, in temperatures from 400 to 550<sup>o</sup>C (Africano et al., 2002).<br><br><b>Visit gemdat.org for <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.gemdat.org/gem-4322.html">gemological information about Wulfenite</a>.</b><br></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Classification of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/glossary/IMA_status">IMA status:</a></div><div class="mindatam2">Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="strunz8.php">Strunz 8th ed.:</a></div><div class="mindatam2">6/G.01-30<br></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="strunz.php">Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:</a></div><div class="mindatam2">7.GA.05<br><br>7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)<br>G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates<br>A : Without additional anions or H<sub>2</sub>O</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Dana 7th ed.:</div><div class="mindatam2">48.1.3.1</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="dana.php">Dana 8th ed.:</a></div><div class="mindatam2">48.1.3.1<br><br>48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES<br>1 : AXO<sub>4</sub></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="cim.php">Hey's CIM Ref.:</a></div><div class="mindatam2">27.3.3<br><br>27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates<br>3 : Molybdates</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">mindat.org URL:</div><div class="mindatam2"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html">http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html</a><br>Please feel free to link to this page.</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Type Occurrence of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/glossary/type_locality">Type Locality:</a></div><div class="mindatam2"><a href="loc-42683.html">Bad Bleiberg, Bleiberg District, Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen, Carinthia, Austria</a></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Place of Conservation of Type Material:</div><div class="mindatam2">Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany.</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Occurrences of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Geological Setting:</div><div class="mindatam2">Secondary mineral in weathering zone of lead deposits.</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Physical Properties of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/glossary/lustre">Lustre:</a></div><div class="mindatam2">Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Resinous</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Diaphaneity (Transparency):</div><div class="mindatam2">Transparent, Translucent, Opaque</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Colour:</div><div class="mindatam2">Orange-yellow, yellow, honey-yellow, reddish-orange, rarely colourless, grey, brown, olive-green and even black.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Streak:</div><div class="mindatam2">White</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Hardness (Mohs):</div><div class="mindatam2">2½ - 3</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Hardness Data:</div><div class="mindatam2">Measured</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Tenacity:</div><div class="mindatam2">Brittle</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Cleavage:</div><div class="mindatam2">Distinct/Good<br>Distinct on {011}; indistinct on {001}, {013}.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Fracture:</div><div class="mindatam2">Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Density:</div><div class="mindatam2">6.5 - 7.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (Measured)    6.88 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (Calculated)</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Crystallography of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Crystal System:</div><div class="mindatam2">Tetragonal</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Class (H-M):</div><div class="mindatam2">4/<i>m</i> - Dipyramidal</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Space Group:</div><div class="mindatam2"><i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Space Group Setting:</div><div class="mindatam2"><i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Cell Parameters:</div><div class="mindatam2">a = 5.433Å, c = 12.110Å<br></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Ratio:</div><div class="mindatam2">a:c = 1 : 2.229</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Unit Cell Volume:</div><div class="mindatam2">V 357.46 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Z:</div><div class="mindatam2">4</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Morphology:</div><div class="mindatam2">Crystals commonly thin tabular {001}, square, exhibiting {001}, with flat or rounded vicinal faces, {010}; may be elongated [001], or pyramidal {011}, with the pyramid truncating or replacing {001}; more rarely pseudo-octahedral; and very rarely either cubic or short prismatic pyramidal. Commonly exhibits additional forms, some exhibiting pyramidal hemihedrism; granular, massive.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Twinning:</div><div class="mindatam2">Twinning on {001} as contact twins; common but rarely seen due to the typical {001} morphology.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Comment:</div><div class="mindatam2">Class may be 4/m or -4; space Group may be I41/a or I-4. Cell parameters for space group I-4: a = 5.441, c = 12.068 A.</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Crystallographic forms of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Crystal Atlas:</div><div class="mindatam2"><div id="xtlbox"> <div id="xtlboximage"> <div id="waitxtl">Image Loading</div> <img id="xtlboximagefile" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/min-4322.html" onload="msghide('waitxtl');"> </div> <div id="xtlbox3d"> <script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/js/jsc3d.js"></script> <script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/js/smorf3d.js"></script> <canvas id="cv" style="float:left; " width="350" height="350"></canvas> <script> var canvas = document.getElementById('cv'); var smorf = new Smorf(canvas); smorf.setParameter('backgroundcolor', '#ffffff'); smorf.setParameter('axes', false); smorf.setParameter('rotation', '-20'); smorf.setParameter('filename', 'Wulfenite_010.smorf.bin'); smorf.setParameter('files_directory', '__crystals'); smorf.setParameter('definition', 'high'); smorf.init(); </script></div> </div> <div class="xtlscroll"> <b>Click on an icon to view</b><br> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_010', 'smorf', 'Tabular {001}<br />Haüy, 1801. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923.');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite no.10 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)</div></div> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_039', 'smorf', '{201}<br />Presl, 1837. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923.');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite no.39 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)</div></div> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_044', 'smorf', 'Thick tabular {001}<br />Presl, 1837. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923.');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite no.44 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)</div></div> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_054', 'smorf', '{001}, {34.75.}, {114}, {013}<br />Locality: Bleiberg, Kärnten, Austria<br />Dauber, 1859. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923.');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite no.54 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)</div></div> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_068', 'smorf', 'Tabular {001}<br />Locality: Red Cloud Mine, Yuma County, Arizona<br />Dana, 1892. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923.');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite no.68 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)</div></div> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_081', 'smorf', '{112}, {11-2}, {00-1}, modified<br />Pelloux, 1900. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923 (\'Wulfenit\').');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite no.81 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)</div></div> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_Hurlbut2', 'smorf', 'Contact twin on {00-1}<br />Locality: Helena Mine, Schwarzenbach, Slovenia<br />C.S. Hurlbut, Jr., American Mineralogist 40, 857, 1955.');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite - Contact twin on {00-1}</div></div> <div class="xtlscrollline"><div class="xtlscroll2d"> </div><div class="xtlscroll3d"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="swapcrystal('Wulfenite_Hurlbut1a', 'smorf', '{110}, {001}, {00-1}, overgrown with small pyramidal crystals<br />Locality: Helena Mine, Schwarzenbach, Slovenia<br />C.S. Hurlbut, Jr., American Mineralogist 40, 857, 1955.');"><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/images/3d.gif"></a> </div> <div class="xtlname"> Wulfenite - {110}, {001}, {00-1}, overgrown with small pyramidal crystals</div></div> </div> <div id="xtlinfo"> </div> <div id="xtlabout"> 3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by <a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zbW9yZi5ubA%3D%3D">www.smorf.nl</a>.<br><br> <b>Toggle</b><br> <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.toggleLines();">Edge Lines</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.toggleMillers();">Miller Indicies</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.toggleAxes();">Axes</span> <br><br> <b>Transparency</b><br> <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.setTransparency(0);">Opaque</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.setTransparency(0.5);">Translucent</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.setTransparency(1);">Transparent</span> <br><br> <b>View</b><br> <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.viewAlongAxis('a');">Along a-axis</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.viewAlongAxis('b');">Along b-axis</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.viewAlongAxis('c');">Along c-axis</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.autoRotate(-2, 100);">Start rotation</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="javascript:smorf.stopAutoRotate();">Stop rotation</span> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> swapcrystal('Wulfenite_010','smorf',"Tabular {001}<br />Haüy, 1801. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923."); </script> </div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Crystal Structure</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Structure</div><div class="mindatam2"> <div> <script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/js/JSmol.min.js"></script> <div style="width:320px; height: 320px;" id="jsmoltarget"> <script> var Info = { width: 320, height: 320, debug: false, color: "0xFFFFFF", addSelectionOptions: false, use: "HTML5", j2sPath: "j2s", script: "set antialiasDisplay; load '/cif/Wulfenite.cif' {444 666 1};", // disableJ2SLoadMonitor: true, // disableInitialConsole: true, allowJavaScript: true }; /* script: "set antialiasDisplay; load \"/cif/Wulfenite.cif\" {444 666 1}; display cell=555; polyhedra 4,6 (displayed);center (visible);zoom 250; set spinZ 3; set spinX 1; spin on; unitcell on; set axesUnitcell; axes on; background white;", */ myJmol = Jmol.getApplet("myJmol",Info); // $("#jsmoltarget").html(Jmol.getAppletHtml(myJmol)); // Jmol.script(myJmol,"load \"/cif/Wulfenite.cif\" {444 666 1}; display cell=555; polyhedra 4,6 (displayed);center (visible);zoom 250; set spinZ 3; set spinX 1; spin on; unitcell on; set axesUnitcell; axes on; background white;"); function ucell(mapping) { Jmol.script(myJmol,'load "" '+mapping); } </script> </div> <div id="jsmolinfo"> <b>Reference</b><br> Lugli C Medici L Saccardo D (1999) <i> Natural wulfenite: structural refinement by single-crystal X-ray diffraction Locality: Monte Cengio, Vicenza, Italy</i>. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1999:281-288. <br><br><b>Show</b><br> <span class="clicky" onclick="ucell('{1 1 1}; polyhedra off;');">Unit Cell</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="ucell('{444 666 1};');">Structure</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="ucell('{444 666 1}; unitcell on; display cell=555; polyhedra 4,6 (displayed);center (visible);zoom 250;'); ">Polyhedra</span> <br><br><b>Style</b><br> <span class="clicky" onclick="Jmol.script(myJmol,'background black;');">Black Background</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="Jmol.script(myJmol,'background white;');">White Background</span> <br><br><b>Rotation</b><br> <span class="clicky" onclick="Jmol.script(myJmol,'spin off;');">Stop</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="Jmol.script(myJmol,'set spinZ 3; set spinX 1;spin on;');">Start</span> <br><br><b>Labels</b><br> <span class="clicky" onclick="Jmol.script(myJmol,'label %a;');">Label Atoms</span> | <span class="clicky" onclick="Jmol.script(myJmol,'label off;');">Off</span> <br><br><b>More Crystal Structures</b><br> <a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3JydWZmLmdlby5hcml6b25hLmVkdS9BTVMvcmVzdWx0LnBocD9taW5lcmFsPVd1bGZlbml0ZQ%3D%3D">Click here to view more crystal structures at the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database</a> </div></div> </div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">X-Ray Powder Diffraction:</div><div class="mindatam2"><div id="waitxrd" class="waitmsg">Image Loading</div> <img id="xrd" src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/rruffgraph.php?id=577&type=xrd" onload="msghide('waitxrd');"><br> Radiation - Copper Kα<br> <form name="xrdform">Data Set: <select id="xrdfile" name="xrdfile" onchange="redrawxrd();"> <option value="577"> Old Yuma mine, Tucson, Arizona, USA 577</option> <option value="1028"> Chapacase mine, Sierra Cerrillias District, Tocopilla, Chile 1028</option> </select> </form> Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission. </div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:</div><div class="mindatam2"><table class="xrdpd"><tr><th>d-spacing</th><th>Intensity</th></tr><tr><td>4.96 </td><td>(10)</td></tr><tr><td>3.24 </td><td>(100)</td></tr><tr><td>3.03 </td><td>(20)</td></tr><tr><td>2.72 </td><td>(25)</td></tr><tr><td>2.02 </td><td>(30)</td></tr><tr><td>1.921 </td><td>(10)</td></tr><tr><td>1.787 </td><td>(18)</td></tr><tr><td>1.653 </td><td>(25)</td></tr></table></div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Optical Data of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Type:</div><div class="mindatam2">Uniaxial (-)</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">RI values:</div><div class="mindatam2"> <i>n</i><sub>ω</sub> = 2.405 <i>n</i><sub>ε</sub> = 2.283</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">2V:</div><div class="mindatam2">Measured: 8° </div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Birefringence:</div><div class="mindatam2">0.122</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Max Birefringence:</div><div class="mindatam2">δ = 0.122<br><div id="birefnote">Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.</div><img src="/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.mindat.org/levy.php?rate=0.122"></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Surface Relief:</div><div class="mindatam2">Very High</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Optical Extinction:</div><div class="mindatam2">Parallel</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Pleochroism:</div><div class="mindatam2">Weak</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Comments:</div><div class="mindatam2">Orange and yellow</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Comments:</div><div class="mindatam2">May be anomalously biaxial.</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Chemical Properties of Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Formula:</div><div class="mindatam2"><span class="newformula">Pb(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">All elements listed in formula:</div><div class="mindatam2"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/element/Molybdenum">Mo</a>, <a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/element/Oxygen">O</a>, <a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lead">Pb</a> - <a href="chemsearch.php?inc=MoPbO,">search for minerals with similar chemistry</a></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Common Impurities:</div><div class="mindatam2">W,Ca,V,As,Cr,W,Ti</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Relationship of Wulfenite to other Species</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Series:</div><div class="mindatam2">Forms a series with <a href="min-3794.html">Stolzite</a> (<a href="min-39448.html">see here</a>)</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Member of:</div><div class="mindatam2"><a href="min-32622.html">Scheelite Group</a></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Other Members of Group:</div><div class="mindatam2"><table class="grouptable gtshift"><tr><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3275.html">Powellite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Ca(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3368.html">Raspite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Pb(WO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3560.html">Scheelite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Ca(WO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3794.html">Stolzite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Pb(WO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Common Associates:</div><div class="mindatam2"><table class="grouptable2"><td><div class="gtm"><a href="min-233.html">Anglesite</a></div><div class="gtm"><a href="min-934.html">Cerussite</a></div><div class="gtm"><a href="min-1267.html">Descloizite</a></div></td><td><div class="gtm"><a href="min-1576.html">Fluorite</a></div><div class="gtm"><a href="min-1860.html">Hemimorphite</a></div><div class="gtm"><a href="min-2402.html">Limonite</a></div></td><td><div class="gtm"><a href="min-2714.html">Mimetite</a></div><div class="gtm"><a href="min-3237.html">Plattnerite</a></div><div class="gtm"><a href="min-3320.html">Pyromorphite</a></div></td><td><div class="gtm"><a href="min-3688.html">Smithsonite</a></div><div class="gtm"><a href="min-4139.html">Vanadinite</a></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="strunz.php">Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):</a></div><div class="mindatam2"><table class="grouptable"><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.05</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-1478.html">Fergusonite-(Ce)</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">(Ce,La,Nd)NbO<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">4</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.05</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-1479.html">Fergusonite-(Nd)</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">(Nd,Ce)(Nb,Ti)O<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">4</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.05</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-1480.html">Fergusonite-(Y)</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">YNbO<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">4</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.05</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3275.html">Powellite</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">Ca(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.05</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3560.html">Scheelite</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">Ca(WO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.05</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3794.html">Stolzite</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">Pb(WO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.10</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-1582.html">Formanite-(Y)</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">YTaO<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">4</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.10</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-25650.html">Iwashiroite-(Y)</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">Y(Ta,Nb)O<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">4</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">7.GA.15</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-7215.html">Paraniite-(Y)</a></td><td class="m"><span class="newformula">Ca<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>Y(AsO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)(WO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">2</sub></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="cim.php">Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:</a></div><div class="mindatam2"><table class="grouptable"><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.1</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-2405.html">Lindgrenite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Cu<sub class="newformsub">3</sub>(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>(OH)<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">2</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.2</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3275.html">Powellite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Ca(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.4</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-2235.html">Koechlinite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Bi<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>MoO<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">6</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.5</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3602.html">Sedovite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">U(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">2</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.6</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-2797.html">Mourite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">UMo<sub class="newformsub">5</sub>O<sub class="newformsub">12</sub>(OH)<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">10</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.7</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-2046.html">Iriginite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">(UO<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>)Mo<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O<sub class="newformsub">7</sub> · 3H<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.8</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-4093.html">Umohoite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">(UO<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>)MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub> · 2H<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.9</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-2744.html">Moluranite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">H<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>U<sup class="newformsup">4+</sup>(UO<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>)<sub class="newformsub">3</sub>(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)<sub class="newformsub">7</sub> · 18H<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.10</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-1143.html">Cousinite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">MgU<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>Mo<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O<sub class="newformsub">11</sub> · 6H<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.11</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-863.html">Calcurmolite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">(Ca,Na)<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>(UO<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>)<sub class="newformsub">3</sub>Mo<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>(O,OH)<sub class="newformsub">11</sub> · nH<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.12</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-3909.html">Tengchongite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">CaO · 6UO<sub class="newformsub">3</sub> · 2MoO<sub class="newformsub">3</sub> · 12H<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.13</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-2147.html">Kamiokite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Fe<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>Mo<sub class="newformsub">3</sub>O<sup class="newformsup newformabs"></sup><sub class="newformsub">8</sub></span></td></tr><tr><td class="mw6em">27.3.14</td><td class="mw12em"><a href="min-1496.html">Ferrimolybdite</a></td><td><span class="newformula">Fe<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>(MoO<sub class="newformsub">4</sub>)<sub class="newformsub">3</sub> · nH<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O</span></td></tr></table></div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Other Names for Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/glossary/synonym">Synonyms:</a></div><div class="mindatam2"><div class="newgrouptable2"><p><a href="min-6594.html">Carinthite</a></p><p><a href="min-10493.html">Lead molybdate</a></p><p><a href="min-32635.html">Molybdate of Lead</a></p><p><a href="min-32633.html">Molybdenated Lead Ore</a></p><p><a href="min-6593.html">Yellow Lead Ore</a></p><p><a href="min-32632.html">Yellow Leadspar</a></p></div></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Name in Other Languages:</div><div class="mindatam2"><div class="newgrouptable3"><div><b>Basque:</b><span><a href="min-19164.html">Wulfenita</a></span></div><div><b>Bosnian (Latin Script):</b><span><a href="min-36645.html">Vulfenit</a></span></div><div><b>Catalan:</b><span><a href="min-19164.html">Wulfenita</a></span></div><div><b>Dutch:</b><span><a href="min-36647.html">Wulfeniet</a></span></div><div><b>French:</b><span><a href="min-36646.html">Wulfénite</a><br><a href="min-6595.html">Mélinose</a><br><a href="min-32631.html">Plomb jaune</a><br><a href="min-32634.html">Plomb molybdaté</a></span></div><div><b>German:</b><span><a href="min-19163.html">Wulfenit</a><br><a href="min-32636.html">Bleimolybdat</a><br><a href="min-21210.html">Carinthit</a><br><a href="min-10242.html">Gelbbleierz</a><br><a href="min-32630.html">Kärntherischer Bleispath</a><br><a href="min-8288.html">Molybdänbleierz</a><br><a href="min-8287.html">Molybdänbleirz</a><br><a href="min-6592.html">Molybdänbleispath</a></span></div><div><b>Italian:</b><span><a href="min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></span></div><div><b>Latin:</b><span><a href="min-32629.html">Plumbum spatosum flavo-rubrum</a></span></div><div><b>Polish:</b><span><a href="min-19163.html">Wulfenit</a></span></div><div><b>Portuguese:</b><span><a href="min-4322.html">Wulfenite</a></span></div><div><b>Russian:</b><span><a href="min-35100.html">Вульфенит</a></span></div><div><b>Serbian (Cyrillic Script):</b><span><a href="min-36648.html">Вулфенит</a></span></div><div><b>Simplified Chinese:</b><span><a href="min-41226.html">钼铅矿</a><br><a href="min-41824.html">彩钼铅矿</a><br><a href="min-44125.html">钼酸铅矿</a></span></div><div><b>Slovak:</b><span><a href="min-19163.html">Wulfenit</a></span></div><div><b>Spanish:</b><span><a href="min-19164.html">Wulfenita</a><br><a href="min-21211.html">Carinthita</a></span></div><div><b>Ukrainian:</b><span><a href="min-36649.html">Вульфеніт</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/glossary/variety">Varieties:</a></div><div class="mindatam2"><div class="newgrouptable2"><p><a href="min-27592.html">Calcian Wulfenite</a></p><p><a href="min-9359.html">Chillagite</a></p><p><a href="min-8255.html">Chromian Wulfenite</a></p><p><a href="min-26532.html">Tungstenoan Wulfenite</a></p><p><a href="min-32637.html">Vanadian Wulfenite</a></p></div></div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Other Information</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath"><a href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/glossary/fluorescence">Fluorescence in UV light:</a></div><div class="mindatam2">Fluorescence noted from a small number of localities. Medium intensity Yellow in LW</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Electrical:</div><div class="mindatam2">Some individual crystals may be piezoelectric.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Thermal Behaviour:</div><div class="mindatam2">Melting Point 1065° C.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Other Information:</div><div class="mindatam2">Decomposed by evaporation in HCl with the separation of lead chloride and molybdic oxide. Soluble in concentrated H2SO4 and alkalies. Decomposed by HNO3 with the separation of molybdic oxide.<br/> <br/> Reported to alter to Descloizite, Ilsemannite and Vanadinite.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Health Risks:</div><div class="mindatam2">No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">References for Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Reference List:</div><div class="mindatam2"><div id="minreflist"></div>von Born, I. (1772) Lythophylacium Bornianum; Index fossiliumquae colligit, etc., Prague. part 1: 90. [as Plumbum spatosum flavo-rubrum]<br/> <br/> Jacquin (1781) Misc. Austriaca, Vienna: 2 (as Kärntherischer Bleispath).<br/> <br/> de Lisle, R. (1783) Cristallographie, ou description des formes propres à tous les corps du regne minéral. 4 volumes, Paris: 3: 387. [as Plomb jaune]<br/> <br/> von Wulfen, F.X. (1785): Abhandlung vom kärnthnerischen Bleyspate. J. P. Krauß, Vienna, 150 pp. [as Kärntherischer Bleispat]<br/> <br/> Kirwan, R. (1796) Elements of Mineralogy. second edition: 2: 212. [as Yellow Leadspar, Molybdenated Lead Ore]<br/> <br/> Klaproth, M.H. (1797): Untersuchung des Gelb-Bleierzes, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Zweiter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 265-275.<br/> <br/> Haüy, R.J. (1801) Traité de minéralogie. First edition: in 4 volumes with atlas in fol. Paris: 3: 353. [as Plomb molybdaté]<br/> <br/> Beudant, F.S. (1832) Traité élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 664. [as Mélinose]<br/> <br/> Haidinger, W. (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. II. Ordnung. Baryte. VII. Bleibaryt. Wulfenit. Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie, Braumüller und Seidel, Wien: 499-506. [as Wulfenit]<br/> <br/> Smith, J.L. (1855) American Journal of Science: 20: 245.<br/> <br/> Wöhler, F. (1857) Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie: 102: 383.<br/> <br/> Schrauf (1871) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 63: 176.<br/> <br/> Rammelsberg, C.F. (1875) Handbuch der Mineralchemie. second edition: 283. [Domeyko analysis]<br/> <br/> von Wulfen, F.X. (1875) Abhandlung vom Kärntherischer Bleispath, Vienna.<br/> <br/> von Koksharov, N. (1878) Materialien zur Mineralogie Russlands. 11 volumes with atlas: vol. 8: 394.<br/> <br/> Groth (1882) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 7: 592.<br/> <br/> Koch, S. (1882) Ueber den Wulfenit. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie: 6: 389-409.<br/> <br/> Regnard (1882) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 5: 2.<br/> <br/> Zepharovich (1883) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 8: 583.<br/> <br/> Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 989.<br/> <br/> de Gramont (1893) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 16: 127.<br/> <br/> Traube (1896) Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Beilagen: 10: 457.<br/> <br/> Ites (1903) Preisschr. Göttingen [corrected by Ehringhaus (1920) Jb. Min., Beil.-Bd.: 43: 566.<br/> <br/> Johnsen (1908) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie: 712.<br/> <br/> Baumhauer (1910) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 47: 7.<br/> <br/> Ullman (1912) Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales: 46: 186.<br/> <br/> Mingaye (1916) Records of the Geological Survey of New South Wales: 9: 171.<br/> <br/> Jaeger, Germs (1921) Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie: 119: 158.<br/> <br/> Goldschmidt, V. (1922) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 8: 12.<br/> <br/> Zambonini (1923) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 58: 226.<br/> <br/> Barthoux (1924) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 47: 36.<br/> <br/> Hlawatsch (1925) Annalen des naturhistorischen Staats-Museums: 38: 15.<br/> <br/> Bach (1926) Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Beilagen: 54: 380.<br/> <br/> Comucci (1926) Atti della Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Att.: 3: 335.<br/> <br/> Shannon (1926) U.S. National Museum Bulletin 131: 474.<br/> <br/> Vegard (1926) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 1: 1151.<br/> <br/> Doelter, C. (1927) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4 [2]: 785.<br/> <br/> Honess, A.P. (1927) The Nature, Origin and Interpretation of the Etch Figures on Crystals. 171pp., New York: 92.<br/> <br/> Vegard, Refsum (1927) Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, Oslo. Skrifter, Mat.-Nat. Kl., no. 2.:<br/> <br/> Hintze, C. (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 4059.<br/> <br/> Padurova (1929) Mem. soc. russe min.: 58: 109.<br/> <br/> Jung (1931) Jahrbuch für Minalogie, Beilagen: 64A: 197.<br/> <br/> Royer (1936) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 202: 1346.<br/> <br/> Barić (1939) Min. Abstracts: 7: 360.<br/> <br/> Sillén, Nylander (1943) Arkiv för Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi, Stockholm: 17A, no. 4.<br/> <br/> Russell, A. (1946) An account of the Struy Lead Mines, Inverness-Shire, and of wulfenite, harmotome, and other minerals which occur there. Mineralogical Magazine: 27: 151.<br/> <br/> Koning (1948) Proc. Kon. Nederl. Ak. Wet.: 51: 390.<br/> <br/> Schroll (1949) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: [3], 1: 325.<br/> <br/> Haberlandt, Schroll (1950) Experientia: 6: 89.<br/> <br/> Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 1081-1086.<br/> <br/> National Bureau of Standards Circular 539 (1957) 7, 23.<br/> <br/> Williams, S.A. (1966) The significance of habit and morphology of wulfenite. American Mineralogist: 51: 1212.<br/> <br/> Leciejewicz, J. (1965) A neutron crystallographic investigation of lead molybdenum oxide, PbMoO4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 121: 158-164.<br/> <br/> Niedermayr, G. (1989) Der Wulfenit- ein Kärntner Mineral? Carinthia II: 179./99.: 29-45. [<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/CAR_179_99_0029-0045.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/CAR_179_99_0029-0045.pdf</a>]<br/> <br/> Papp, G. (1993) Ignaz von BORN und der Kärntner Bleispat. Carinthia II: 183./103: 95-108. [<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/CAR_183_103_0095-0108.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/CAR_183_103_0095-0108.pdf</a>]<br/> <br/> Huber, P. (1994) Annaberg oder Bleiberg? Zur Typlokalität des Wulfenits. Lapis: 19(2): 21-24; 50. [in German]<br/> <br/> Gaines, R.V., Skinner, H.C.W., Foord, E.E., Mason, B., Rosenzweig, A. (1997) Dana's New Mineralogy: The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 999.<br/> <br/> Lugli, C., Medici, L., Saccardo, D. (1999) Natural wulfenite: structural refinement by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1999: 281-288.<br/> <br/> Hibbs, D.E., Jury, C.M., Leverett, P., Plimer, I.R., Williams, P.A. (2000) An explanation for the origin of hemihedrism in wulfenite: the single-crystal structures of I41/a and I4 wulfenites. Mineralogical Magazine, 64, 1057–1062.<br/> <br/> Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 764.<br/> <br/> Secco, L., Nestola, F., Dal Negro, A. (2008) The wulfenite–stolzite series: centric or acentric structures? Mineralogical Magazine: 72: 987-990. <br/> <br/> Cora, I., Czugler, M., Dódony, I., Recnik, A. (2011) On the symmetry of wulfenite (Pb[MoO4]) from Mezica (Slovenia). Acta Crystallographica: C67: i33-i35.<br/> <br/> Talla, D., Wildner, M., Beran, A., Škoda, R., Losos, Z. (2013) On the presence of hydrous defects in differently coloured wulfenites (PbMoO4): an infrared and optical spectroscopic study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 40: 757-769. <br/> <br/> Africano, F., Van Rompaey, G., Bernard, A., Le Guern, F. (2002): Deposition of trace elements from high temperature gases of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. Earth Planets Space: 54: 275-286</div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Internet Links for Wulfenite</h2><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Search Engines:</div><div class="mindatam2"> <form method="get" name="googleform" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.google.com/custom" target="_blank"> <input type="hidden" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="wulfenite"></input> <input type="hidden" name="client" value="pub-7737835674400043"></input> <input type="hidden" name="forid" value="1"></input> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"></input> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="ISO-8859-1"></input> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="GALT:#008000;GL:1;DIV:#336699;VLC:663399;AH:center;BGC:FFFFFF;LBGC:336699;ALC:0000FF;LC:0000FF;T:000000;GFNT:0000FF;GIMP:0000FF;FORID:1;"></input> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en"></input> </form> <li><a href="#" onclick="document.googleform.submit();">Look for Wulfenite on Google</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5nb29nbGUuY29tL2ltYWdlcz9xPXd1bGZlbml0ZQ%3D%3D">Look for Wulfenite images on Google</a></li></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">External Links:</div><div class="mindatam2"><li><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53ZWJtaW5lcmFsLmNvbS9kYXRhL1d1bGZlbml0ZS5zaHRtbA%3D%3D">Look for Wulfenite on Webmineral</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmcvd2lraS9XdWxmZW5pdGU%3D">Look for Wulfenite on Wikipedia</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5taW5lcmFsaWVuYXRsYXMuZGUvbGV4aWtvbi9pbmRleC5waHAvV3VsZmVuaXRlP2xhbmc9ZW4%3D">Look for Wulfenite on Mineralien Atlas</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3JydWZmLmdlby5hcml6b25hLmVkdS9ycnVmZi9uZXdfcnJ1ZmYvY29uc3RydWN0b3IucGhwP3R4dF9taW5lcmFsPXd1bGZlbml0ZSZzZWxfY2hlbWlzdHJ5X2luY2xfYm9vbD1hbmQmdHh0X2NoZW1pc3RyeV9pbmNsPSZzZWxfY2hlbWlzdHJ5X2V4Y2xfYm9vbD1hbmQmdHh0X2NoZW1pc3RyeV9leGNsPSZzZWxfZ2VuZXJhbF9ib29sPWFuZCZ0eHRfZ2VuZXJhbD0mc2VsX3NvcnQ9bmFtZXMmc2VsX3NvcnRfZGlyPWFzYyZsaW1pdD0xMDAwMDAmb2Zmc2V0PTAmcj1zYW1wbGVfc2VhcmNoJm5ld19zYW1wbGVfc2VhcmNoPTE%3D">Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3JydWZmLmdlby5hcml6b25hLmVkdS9BTVMvcmVzdWx0LnBocD9taW5lcmFsPXd1bGZlbml0ZQ%3D%3D">American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160927024346/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3JydWZmLmdlby5hcml6b25hLmVkdS9kb2NsaWIvaG9tL3d1bGZlbml0ZS5wZGY%3D">Wulfenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)</a></li></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Mineral Dealers:</div><div class="mindatam2"><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=307&m=Wulfenite"><b>Top quality minerals from Kristalle of California</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=74&m=Wulfenite"><b>DAKOTA MATRIX offers Cabinet and Rare Species from Worldwide Localities.</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=4637&m=Wulfenite"><b>Fine minerals from bisbeeborn.com</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=2146&m=Wulfenite"><b>Buy minerals from YourMineralCollection</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=5079&m=Wulfenite"><b></b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=228&m=Wulfenite"><b>High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=1139&m=Wulfenite"><b>Mineral Classics - Worldwide Collector Quality Minerals and Gems</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=179&m=Wulfenite"><b>Fine Minerals from Weinrich Minerals, Inc.</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=4674&m=Wulfenite"><b>Buy from McDougall Minerals</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=173&m=Wulfenite"><b>The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=924&m=Wulfenite"><b>Rare and Unusual minerals at Mineralogical Research Company</b></a><li><a target="_blank" href="minclick.php?cid=302&m=Wulfenite"><b>Search for - Wulfenite - on e-Rocks Mineral Sales & Auctions</b></a></div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="mindatath">Specimens:</div><div class="mindatam2">The following <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/minsearch-4322.html">Wulfenite specimens</a> are currently listed for sale on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/">minfind.com</a>.</div></div><div class="mindatarow"><div class="minfindrow"><div id="minfindsales"><div class="minfindbox"><a title="Click for full details" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/mineral-17595.html"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.minfind.com/mfthumbs/90_90_000000_8075667054ff14ac16b34.jpg"></a></div><div class="minfindbox"><a title="Click for full details" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/mineral-433075.html"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.minfind.com/mfthumbs/90_90_000000_48705838057518fd0b09ae.jpg"></a></div><div class="minfindbox"><a title="Click for full details" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/mineral-101516.html"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.minfind.com/mfthumbs/90_90_000000_28432435454ff37fc12536.jpg"></a></div><div class="minfindbox"><a title="Click for full details" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/mineral-19662.html"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.minfind.com/mfthumbs/90_90_000000_19452968944b9af68f62bef.jpg"></a></div><div class="minfindbox"><a title="Click for full details" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/mineral-222377.html"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.minfind.com/mfthumbs/90_90_000000_13472988405454dd2060cb7.jpg"></a></div><div class="minfindbox"><a title="Click for full details" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/mineral-318556.html"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.minfind.com/mfthumbs/90_90_000000_236166489558735b311d45.jpg"></a></div><div class="minfindbox"><a title="Click for full details" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346/http://www.minfind.com/mineral-194639.html"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346im_/http://www.minfind.com/mfthumbs/90_90_000000_119015655653441463c9b38.JPG"></a></div></div></div></div><h2 class="mindatadivh2">Localities for Wulfenite</h2><div><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927024346js_/http://maps.google.com/maps?file=api&v=2.x&key=ABQIAAAAm-xZ3u9aE1vb4dR1ljHcYxQMi5r89rdz1J4w5J5kydlBHHYrYxRfm0Lma8xoABAdaznXnQBrVbuSgw" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> SafeAddOnunload(GUnload); </script> <script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/gmjs-mineral.php?id=4322" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/web/20160927024346js_/http://www.mindat.org/clusterer2.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var map; var clus; var icon; SafeAddOnload(gmapload); function gmapload() { if(GBrowserIsCompatible()) { var mapele = document.getElementById("map"); if(mapele) { map = new GMap2(mapele); map.disableScrollWheelZoom(); map.enableContinuousZoom(); // map.addControl(new GLargeMapControl()); // map.addControl(new GMapTypeControl()); // map.addControl(new GScaleControl()); map.addMapType(G_PHYSICAL_MAP); map.setCenter(new GLatLng(20, 0), 1); icon = new GIcon(); icon.image = "kml-gm.png"; icon.shadow = "kml-gm-shadow.png"; icon.iconSize = new GSize(14,20); icon.iconAnchor = new GPoint(7,20); icon.infoWindowAnchor = new GPoint(5,1); icon.shadowSize= new GSize(28,20); clus = new Clusterer( map ); loadPoints(); } } } </script> <a name="themap"></a> <div id="map"></div> <div class="smalltxt"> map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. 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