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Tech. Civil Engineering. <br />M.Tech. Foundation Engineering <br />Ph.D. Structural Dynamics<br /><b>Address: </b>Hyderabad, Telangana, India<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><h3 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Related Authors</h3></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list" data-nosnippet="true"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NandaBharadwaj"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Bharadwaj Nanda related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/72635843/23790109/22814184/s200_bharadwaj.nanda.jpg" 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profile--work_container" data-work-id="80270477"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270477/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86708050/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270477/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting">Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial pro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table si...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d75ba35ac148b2051f8635f82c3afacd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86708050,"asset_id":80270477,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86708050/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80270477"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80270477"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270477; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270477]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270477]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270477; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80270477']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d75ba35ac148b2051f8635f82c3afacd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80270477]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80270477,"title":"Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). 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The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table si...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80270477/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-30T05:17:28.676-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86708050,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86708050/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ijesdmv4n2_10.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86708050/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86708050/ijesdmv4n2_10-libre.pdf?1653914283=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=VcAUTOsENuaG4HKIQoeQwrWcL5RlgojzS2vG0MbHoGyAKuVpuk7fXwKjR673ymeSeS0HtYY12Wxu~5coVOKg8GCafgJPJZmwN8~Dq9Kl~kZQI4bEjdNKaNK7VaIKFNxbuGzBws2yIS4sqTzOp05Gam6El0s-2dM0cDMEWM8mRhcek9vZOYF9PrBtY1-vzlB95VGqTmNkSkXz0ZEMVYNsgtjxS1muXZQuvKWpMtuJ899DdsViQdor58TSwkaH92HfO87AhWBoq4~U91k4cmA51CDPKzJk0OR9JTNjgrxd3Y-lluR5NZTzIv8aVRl5YBsQMQzizs-S6UhNf2qds6ri8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table si...","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":86708050,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86708050/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ijesdmv4n2_10.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86708050/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86708050/ijesdmv4n2_10-libre.pdf?1653914283=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=VcAUTOsENuaG4HKIQoeQwrWcL5RlgojzS2vG0MbHoGyAKuVpuk7fXwKjR673ymeSeS0HtYY12Wxu~5coVOKg8GCafgJPJZmwN8~Dq9Kl~kZQI4bEjdNKaNK7VaIKFNxbuGzBws2yIS4sqTzOp05Gam6El0s-2dM0cDMEWM8mRhcek9vZOYF9PrBtY1-vzlB95VGqTmNkSkXz0ZEMVYNsgtjxS1muXZQuvKWpMtuJ899DdsViQdor58TSwkaH92HfO87AhWBoq4~U91k4cmA51CDPKzJk0OR9JTNjgrxd3Y-lluR5NZTzIv8aVRl5YBsQMQzizs-S6UhNf2qds6ri8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":86708051,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86708051/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ijesdmv4n2_10.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86708051/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86708051/ijesdmv4n2_10-libre.pdf?1653914284=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=EHDHfN45kfVvu9PwiVvUdPRSkJ3tE6cdLrctFDhYUiq6mZWumiPohiu1SClOTRByNgiwpN8MkjCVRkI1GXOlqb20ihQ1YRvG2HWY5Vf2T7oDqlDjWipzbdS~jtLiOsWSeZwu9QxO6NDUKQY1Sd1HsNTQbujwOi1oSlW6pUTJ0v9sQ8qebM9~Xea6zFUc9K0L9PJjOlQLwHcSobtmBI6sDWOJDdkfoj1bp68EYokgLpMq5vA0xyaHlj~NIR1Zht9jaaXnWMz2jaKXm0AtTILoLKx5SPvqX6t2A4P4nc070fSjUx4MjK3Nr6rNj7Uv-cxjQuxpl5t~K1ckJ6ORN3o5pQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"},{"id":1193087,"name":"Damper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Damper"},{"id":1735011,"name":"Slosh dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slosh_dynamics"}],"urls":[{"id":20920053,"url":"http://www.ripublication.com/ijesdmspl/ijesdmv4n2_10.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-80270477-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80270287"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270287/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures by Tuned Sloshing Water Damper: An Experimental Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707920/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270287/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study">Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures by Tuned Sloshing Water Damper: An Experimental Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (T...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be984bbdf71052cd28f0088257f33336" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86707920,"asset_id":80270287,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707920/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80270287"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80270287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270287]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80270287']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be984bbdf71052cd28f0088257f33336" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80270287]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80270287,"title":"Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures by Tuned Sloshing Water Damper: An Experimental Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80270287/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-30T05:15:10.998-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86707920,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707920/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Iset524.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707920/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86707920/Iset524-libre.pdf?1653913822=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=NZGWiGZ8Ln8vr-O7GnmjGSs8I~pr31qimnbOAquU0Smsl1VG2H118YCE~vTRuOWaSaREvLInj7otvJo3dKSk9dZ3A5TMlWuqce4qV0ckla-pinQzuIAsPO~HnMSIqFT9l-05vGhkUedkjWb4IPa-svcOW9xoqfMpSmd2MgTBr8322dD103lk9rGE6UgQzDisufNy2mHUMCX63DrW5pVbhZITwIGOMfVDtBCzkoSYnjxAVvWCHmiAtl3arc8WqjkaPXobFozkd0xeQ-MODk~2L60vBWmz4rBtwEY1e5W82FXlPspllliHyxfdsjN3R7poZ6TcP6YVn8xohUN4NQMI~Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":86707920,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707920/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Iset524.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707920/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86707920/Iset524-libre.pdf?1653913822=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=NZGWiGZ8Ln8vr-O7GnmjGSs8I~pr31qimnbOAquU0Smsl1VG2H118YCE~vTRuOWaSaREvLInj7otvJo3dKSk9dZ3A5TMlWuqce4qV0ckla-pinQzuIAsPO~HnMSIqFT9l-05vGhkUedkjWb4IPa-svcOW9xoqfMpSmd2MgTBr8322dD103lk9rGE6UgQzDisufNy2mHUMCX63DrW5pVbhZITwIGOMfVDtBCzkoSYnjxAVvWCHmiAtl3arc8WqjkaPXobFozkd0xeQ-MODk~2L60vBWmz4rBtwEY1e5W82FXlPspllliHyxfdsjN3R7poZ6TcP6YVn8xohUN4NQMI~Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":86707921,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707921/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Iset524.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707921/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86707921/Iset524-libre.pdf?1653913824=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=Su2bWc0omQlMHIjmRFqjycp7u35o~l-8M9Ana2UfG8eZmBKx2N8-PP79pJ1TKEMOgfKFwr2UfLEODR0xD1qqsmBHJx-Mqs~h6DHbhuIaEs3wWNOFPRoNi4kZUvFzAS-3rrkq6yMewJO88tUd6jgP~icEXSN~fRC8NEHMiGChD4iKvejaLVbLdGUzdEr~qKNpWjph1YyRviR45U0wTJDaGhhIBEboAcNi0VJR2HwIQNdIeS3kN06ObblDgbNqfM8p7G-EYHJXcrZ91sgAv~7ukotZyFygnjY3F4iH3u-dfqHSEkcmOnVtXSlIJGKkYHhwQs9QjRmSYu-LXgAG3GCFzA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[{"id":20919984,"url":"http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset524.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-80270287-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75031631"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75031631/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82966196/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75031631/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures">Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments, functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d3da7fff414f6cfa011e2309d7ec53a1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82966196,"asset_id":75031631,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82966196/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75031631"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75031631"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75031631; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75031631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75031631]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75031631; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75031631']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d3da7fff414f6cfa011e2309d7ec53a1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75031631]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75031631,"title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. 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In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. 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These structures have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments, functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. 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The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. KEYWORDS: Story drift, effective damping ratio, mass ratio, effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8c6b4b5ec711afa0ea3bc0b8731c1006" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52729641,"asset_id":32549036,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52729641/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32549036"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32549036"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32549036; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32549036]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32549036]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32549036; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32549036']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8c6b4b5ec711afa0ea3bc0b8731c1006" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32549036]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32549036,"title":"RE-QUALIFICATION OF NON-SEISMICALLY DESIGNED EXISTING STRUCTURES THROUGH TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Existing medium height RC frame structures with masonry infill panels can be made earthquake safe by limiting the story drift to 0.2% and thereby ensuring compressive strut action of masonry panels in load resisting mechanism. The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. KEYWORDS: Story drift, effective damping ratio, mass ratio, effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio."},"translated_abstract":"Existing medium height RC frame structures with masonry infill panels can be made earthquake safe by limiting the story drift to 0.2% and thereby ensuring compressive strut action of masonry panels in load resisting mechanism. The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. KEYWORDS: Story drift, effective damping ratio, mass ratio, effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32549036/RE_QUALIFICATION_OF_NON_SEISMICALLY_DESIGNED_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_THROUGH_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPERS_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-04-20T19:58:20.823-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28588464,"work_id":32549036,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4042346,"email":"r***d@barc.gov.in","display_order":1,"name":"G. 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The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. KEYWORDS: Story drift, effective damping ratio, mass ratio, effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":52729641,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52729641/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Requalification_through_MTSWD_manuscript-final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52729641/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"RE_QUALIFICATION_OF_NON_SEISMICALLY_DESI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/52729641/Requalification_through_MTSWD_manuscript-final-libre.pdf?1492743614=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRE_QUALIFICATION_OF_NON_SEISMICALLY_DESI.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=A4zJgWYuRfqCult07OokEBpSCfDYGkK2uyWWNanrKxaYym1PnhTFuaHZYYiYHLqn-ncXjUPt1SFOR7f~E~LGqm0Gz1li5-2KUenm41iHlGyKLZ8oAxxEs0mQ2cxG748B1ggiWWrwlwmfXge69TK-Adekq6QcLqDNYtHFtcHf5lMytm6UI2ln0adlIvdyJFDonThHATy5ztcQi-7s11Iskvjmj0qs3tC-KN5vlAWKKNVlMEmf0CoNGoi4HKgZfciWytJFxGNRq-yuYRlmxrLl-aV4RFLJuqKMwqIiEWhtAx7K3sT9kboar2Q5l-snwjRf34-l8dJ164IrDOBpDYNM7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-32549036-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8756645"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8756645/DESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_SHIELDED_RADIOISOTOPE_FACILITY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHIELDED RADIOISOTOPE FACILITY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35111303/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8756645/DESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_SHIELDED_RADIOISOTOPE_FACILITY">DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHIELDED RADIOISOTOPE FACILITY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Radioisotope technology is applicable in medicine, agriculture, hydrology and various industries....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Radioisotope technology is applicable in medicine, agriculture, hydrology and various industries. Its versatility is increasing with advent of knowledge, research and development. The radioisotope technology may be termed as of zero carbon emission. The green quotient of the technology further improves as it consumes some of the by- products of nuclear power technology. Application of radioisotope technology in all aspects of life requires even spread of radioisotope facilities. The equipments being used for various application of this technology require very precise and controlled application. The scientific, technical and engineering domain of this technology is still evolving.<br /> Constructions of such facilities are different from conventional buildings due to its environmental, health, commercial and strategic importance. Such constructions involve micrometer level accuracy and almost zero tolerances. These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. <br />Leak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed.      <br />The construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. <br />This paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. Planning, safety, quality and construction methodologies and innovations used at site with reference to better adoptability of the project has also been highlighted.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bdcf68bb9e2f002d946dfa047dff3d47" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35111303,"asset_id":8756645,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35111303/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8756645"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8756645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8756645; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8756645]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8756645]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8756645; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8756645']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bdcf68bb9e2f002d946dfa047dff3d47" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8756645]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8756645,"title":"DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHIELDED RADIOISOTOPE FACILITY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Radioisotope technology is applicable in medicine, agriculture, hydrology and various industries. 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These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. \nLeak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed. \nThe construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. \nThis paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. Planning, safety, quality and construction methodologies and innovations used at site with reference to better adoptability of the project has also been highlighted. \n"},"translated_abstract":"Radioisotope technology is applicable in medicine, agriculture, hydrology and various industries. Its versatility is increasing with advent of knowledge, research and development. The radioisotope technology may be termed as of zero carbon emission. The green quotient of the technology further improves as it consumes some of the by- products of nuclear power technology. Application of radioisotope technology in all aspects of life requires even spread of radioisotope facilities. The equipments being used for various application of this technology require very precise and controlled application. The scientific, technical and engineering domain of this technology is still evolving.\n Constructions of such facilities are different from conventional buildings due to its environmental, health, commercial and strategic importance. Such constructions involve micrometer level accuracy and almost zero tolerances. These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. \nLeak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed. \nThe construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. \nThis paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. Planning, safety, quality and construction methodologies and innovations used at site with reference to better adoptability of the project has also been highlighted. \n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8756645/DESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_SHIELDED_RADIOISOTOPE_FACILITY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-10-13T13:22:53.688-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":13994410,"work_id":8756645,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":3261869,"email":"c***v@dcsem.gov.in","display_order":0,"name":"V. 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Its versatility is increasing with advent of knowledge, research and development. The radioisotope technology may be termed as of zero carbon emission. The green quotient of the technology further improves as it consumes some of the by- products of nuclear power technology. Application of radioisotope technology in all aspects of life requires even spread of radioisotope facilities. The equipments being used for various application of this technology require very precise and controlled application. The scientific, technical and engineering domain of this technology is still evolving.\n Constructions of such facilities are different from conventional buildings due to its environmental, health, commercial and strategic importance. Such constructions involve micrometer level accuracy and almost zero tolerances. These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. \nLeak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed. \nThe construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. \nThis paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. Planning, safety, quality and construction methodologies and innovations used at site with reference to better adoptability of the project has also been highlighted. \n","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":35111303,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35111303/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Paper-Const.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35111303/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_SHIELDED_RADI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35111303/Paper-Const-libre.pdf?1413231593=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_SHIELDED_RADI.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=bHKZiw-JmF8G2Zx~E4Wr-9T9mo9KMga90SBT4k03IWCjCS0PP00K9wTEuWADyDz5rq9Y190DTVODV-RXmn6SSz43b~g-3Re5znCVOmhvLyeVemhK2bsYHE8LukDL2sg7E8QOhn2avfs1S0C8m9ZQdm9FBRh36x7Ko4pKWGq7HZD-hVVJ9o-0-2Bu01HLCO46TfmFP5EWXoZno6gXzTtj2Vt8kYA~9N3WDIwCSnIUpVSfTzpE2asCaRV0nHaDDgE8GDktL-Q9OraOeDzL~vF~EPHlsc37Gkvgv7990ilUNDe-Zf4cbhzal6x4S1uJYfi3885gaa9mexCYPkrnafjffA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4720,"name":"Radiation Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8756645-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536746"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536746/MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MONSOON MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SUSTAINABILITY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912620/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536746/MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY">MONSOON MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SUSTAINABILITY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-proj...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.<br />Water for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.<br />Water for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.<br />This paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fe4e5395e71403d528be35c287f34f80" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912620,"asset_id":8536746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912620/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536746]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536746']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fe4e5395e71403d528be35c287f34f80" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536746]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536746,"title":"MONSOON MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SUSTAINABILITY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.\nWater for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.\nWater for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.\nThis paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested. \n"},"translated_abstract":"The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.\nWater for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.\nWater for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.\nThis paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested. \n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536746/MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T13:20:44.361-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912620,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912620/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"monsoon_management.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912620/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912620/monsoon_management.doc?1738123615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=SX6logARkVM~X4igRWzHrQq3UQZHlOfE8a6zohUT~hsSuEzM2YyI8oGHwQDPuC3B3kihbDruAzHmf52pmXQlrfnl7AHwOzSma19gBcZ6BSFI8MlTDm-aDjom56QIRgZBTE0aRGKJnpmRN~2BBkeq9PBxbLIY1wkGp8LT24LQ3GbraeoQJ6x02vTgTrFgnPbCwbYgx1gzJYzWJtZ7bGn0WHPc0YYrgqQp4FUlqI~0Ub9KGTS49AGdhdLWLHz6vpRPq~4Qp3ckj6wf4pnbLSZ8~dh3BCN3rdl9ai~7ptCNMsb4agRwDjl~TJIrTk0mygmJ0hG7pG-A5h4i~YmzN8JNNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.\nWater for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.\nWater for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.\nThis paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested. \n","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912620,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912620/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"monsoon_management.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912620/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912620/monsoon_management.doc?1738123615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=SX6logARkVM~X4igRWzHrQq3UQZHlOfE8a6zohUT~hsSuEzM2YyI8oGHwQDPuC3B3kihbDruAzHmf52pmXQlrfnl7AHwOzSma19gBcZ6BSFI8MlTDm-aDjom56QIRgZBTE0aRGKJnpmRN~2BBkeq9PBxbLIY1wkGp8LT24LQ3GbraeoQJ6x02vTgTrFgnPbCwbYgx1gzJYzWJtZ7bGn0WHPc0YYrgqQp4FUlqI~0Ub9KGTS49AGdhdLWLHz6vpRPq~4Qp3ckj6wf4pnbLSZ8~dh3BCN3rdl9ai~7ptCNMsb4agRwDjl~TJIrTk0mygmJ0hG7pG-A5h4i~YmzN8JNNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":20160,"name":"Agricultural Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Water_Management"},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering"},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":34760,"name":"Irrigation water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_water_Management"},{"id":40032,"name":"Monsoon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monsoon"},{"id":77722,"name":"Urban Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Water_Management"},{"id":140523,"name":"Indian summer monsoon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_summer_monsoon"},{"id":373172,"name":"Indian monsoon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_monsoon"},{"id":962698,"name":"Simulation of Deficit Irrigation on Crops Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation_of_Deficit_Irrigation_on_Crops_Production"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536746-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536398"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536398/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536398/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting">Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial pro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant<br />frequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="50a7b686d4ff6d98804865cd1c15d0e0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912347,"asset_id":8536398,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912347/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536398"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536398"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536398; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536398]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536398]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536398; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536398']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "50a7b686d4ff6d98804865cd1c15d0e0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536398]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536398,"title":"Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant\nfrequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed."},"translated_abstract":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant\nfrequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536398/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:54:32.063-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38324899,"work_id":8536398,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4042346,"email":"r***d@barc.gov.in","display_order":0,"name":"G. Reddy","title":"Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912347,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912347/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"paper-4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912347/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912347/paper-4-libre.pdf?1411933825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=G5ODAIAYagLDDOG-QytzNLfiGSOfvZStpsotEenVX5yAam8ajZXwizY~Fvmf3z7c-~uDu5auLf5Zh3gPBZ5nzuMuYhO0f5d45TiILIlbzECI67t2DyiAknWxbVTiMAZWduo0RVPr~NQgehIiN-TKEt-nnuUCPYcvXHB179swlckkarwxzkEjwbVEWCwUMaA20SNr8EwxYErhn5SlIN-qGa4PQYqTNOcs~dGHdSVF89f4WowpKznZUZdEfcbe36eHeOFzTTKrNqvoHD933qGQrgTxKnBttxrfEFyrvdKvAZjP2YvQIpYoD-4pd7~aoxAxQ3gSNuf671FkdzIFj3SyuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant\nfrequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912347,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912347/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"paper-4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912347/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912347/paper-4-libre.pdf?1411933825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=G5ODAIAYagLDDOG-QytzNLfiGSOfvZStpsotEenVX5yAam8ajZXwizY~Fvmf3z7c-~uDu5auLf5Zh3gPBZ5nzuMuYhO0f5d45TiILIlbzECI67t2DyiAknWxbVTiMAZWduo0RVPr~NQgehIiN-TKEt-nnuUCPYcvXHB179swlckkarwxzkEjwbVEWCwUMaA20SNr8EwxYErhn5SlIN-qGa4PQYqTNOcs~dGHdSVF89f4WowpKznZUZdEfcbe36eHeOFzTTKrNqvoHD933qGQrgTxKnBttxrfEFyrvdKvAZjP2YvQIpYoD-4pd7~aoxAxQ3gSNuf671FkdzIFj3SyuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536398-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536325"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536325/WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of WATER AS ENERGY ABSORBER TO CONTROL THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURES" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912138/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536325/WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES">WATER AS ENERGY ABSORBER TO CONTROL THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURES</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with maso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.<br />The central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.<br />The existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. <br />The analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.<br />The process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.<br />Two non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.<br />Since the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. <br />The required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.<br />From experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. <br />This research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-8536325-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-8536325-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290924/figure-1-effect-of-damping-ratio-on-structural-response-for"><img alt="Figure 1.2 Effect of damping ratio on structural response (for concrete structures) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290995/figure-10-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290996/figure-1-friction-pendulum-base-isolation-system"><img alt="Figure 1.9 Friction pendulum base isolation system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290999/figure-1-fixed-base-and-base-isolated-subjected-to-actual"><img alt="Figure 1.10 Fixed base and base isolated subjected to actual earthquakes Guwahati " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291003/figure-1-the-active-control-systems-essentially-consists"><img alt="The active control systems essentially consists passive energy dissipating devices for sensing the dynamic response and actuators for applying the balancing force. They act simultaneously with the hazardous excitation to provide balancing force mechanism and thereby enhanced structural behaviour for improved service and safety. Schematically such systems may be presented as in Fig. 1.13. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291161/figure-2-mechanical-model-of-liquid-sloshing-in-rectangular"><img alt="Figure 2.9 Mechanical model of liquid sloshing in rectangular tank with damping " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291895/figure-103-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_103.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291905/figure-104-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_104.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290944/figure-1-engineering-process-of-retrofit-decision-making"><img alt="Figure 1.3 Engineering process of retrofit decision making " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290954/figure-1-section-enlargement-of-the-over-stressed-structural"><img alt="section enlargement of the over stressed structural members through jacketing (Newman, 2001). The retrofitting of a structure through jacketing is shown in Fig. 1.4. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290965/figure-1-surface-prepartion-of-beams-and-columns"><img alt="Surface prepartion of beams and columns Figure 1.5 Retrofitting by carbon fibre wrapping of columns and beams " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291530/figure-70-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290972/figure-6-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290979/figure-7-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290985/figure-1-effect-of-addition-of-structural-members-on-the"><img alt="Figure 1.6 Effect of addition of structural members on the lateral load carrying capacity of the structures Over all structural strength can also be increased by incorporating new structural members in the load resisting mechanism of the structure such as addition of shear wall and diagonal braces. The additional shear wall and bracings have resulted in increase in lateral load carrying capacity of the structures as shown in Fig. 1.6 (Sugano, 1989). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290989/figure-9-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290910/figure-1-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291434/table-3-with-the-tswds-retrofitting-system-as-proposed-in"><img alt="With the TSWDs retrofitting system as proposed in table-3.14 the total sloshing mass of 9763 kg is proposed for 1.1% mass ratio. The DMF, of ES without retrofitting subjected to resonant harmonic excitation for the condition # =1 with 3% damping ratio is 16.67. The DMF, of the existing structure having different first mode frequencies ranging from 1.13 to 1.8, but retrofitted with same set of MTSWD system as mentioned in table-3.14 is evaluated by equations 2.51 to 2.53. The effectiveness ratio of the retrofitting system for each frequency is determined from equation 3.6 and plotted in Fig. 3.22. Figure 3.22 Effectiveness of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES subjected to resonant harmonic excitation " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291443/figure-4-experimental-setup-with-tswd-mounted-scaled-model"><img alt="Figure 4.2 Experimental setup with TSWD mounted scaled model (SM) on shake table " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291451/figure-4-structural-skeleton-of-scaled-model-sm"><img alt="Figure 4.1 Structural Skeleton of Scaled Model (SM) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292821/figure-4-the-acrylic-box-of-mm-xmm-plan-and-mm-depth-have"><img alt="The acrylic box of 370mm x370mm plan and 200mm depth have been used as TSWD and fixed at the location of (TL-1). Due to increase in mass ratio the amplitude decay was very fast with these TSWDs as evident in Fig. 4.35 and Fig. 4.38. The parameters thus obtained are tabulated in table 5.9. 5.7.2 Forced vibration test " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292828/table-41-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291010/figure-14-the-semi-active-systems-have-been-developed-to"><img alt="The semi-active systems have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of large space requirement of a passive systems and high energy demands of active system. In this approach a passive device is installed in the structure and its properties are tuned to the optimum level as per the real time excitation signals generated by structure. In these types of systems energy demand is less as compared to active systems. At the same time installation is easy and workable in comparison of passive systems. Schematically semi- active control svstems mav be presented as shown in Fia.1.14. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291016/figure-1-structure-with-hybrid-control-system-structural"><img alt="Figure 1.15 Structure with hybrid control system Structural control systems are not generic in nature, implying that any one type of control system may not be most effective measure in all types of dynamic excitations. Hence, applying more than one type of structural control methodology to the structures is thought to be more effective and robust. In this concept a combination of more than one type of systems acts simultaneously to restrict the structural response. Schematically such systems may be presented as in Fig. 1.15. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291020/figure-1-hybrid-control-with-duox-system"><img alt="Figure 1.16 Hybrid control with Duox system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291024/figure-1-metallic-yield-dampers-the-initial-designs-of-the"><img alt="Figure 1.17 Metallic yield dampers The initial designs of the devices for this purpose used mild steel plates with hourglass (Whittaker-1991) or triangular (Tsai-1993) shapes, as shown in Fig. 1.17. The hourglass or triangular shape of the plates ensures that strain is spread almost uniformly throughout the material and resulting in simultaneous yielding. These dampers are also known as Elasto-plastic dampers (EPDs). The damper consists of multiple yielding plates and may sustain many cycles of stable yielding deformation (Satish et al, 2002), resulting in high levels of energy dissipation or damping. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291029/figure-1-lead-extrusion-damper-led-shown-in-works-on-the"><img alt="Lead extrusion damper (LED) shown in Fig. 1.18 works on the principle of extrusion of lead. LED absorbs vibration energy by plastic deformation of lead and thereby mechanical energy is converted to heat. On being extruded, lead re-crystallizes immediately and recovers its original mechanical properties before next extrusion (Parulekar et al, 2004). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291037/figure-1-the-viscoelastic-dampers-veds-consist-of-layers-of"><img alt="The viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) consist of layers of VE material (copolymers or glassy substances) bonded with steel plates (Fig.1.20). The structural vibration causes relative motion between central plate and outer steel flanges. The vibration energy is dissipated through shear deformation of VE material sandwiched between steel plates. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291046/figure-20-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291054/figure-21-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291058/figure-22-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291063/figure-1-schematic-weeeniiialiat-of-tld-on-structures-actual"><img alt="Schematic weeeniiialiat of TLD on structures Actual execution on One Rincon Hill. San Francisco A TSWD is simplest form of TLD. It consists of a rigid vessel holding a given mass of water placed at the top of the building. The water contained in the vessel is tuned to slosh at the natural frequency of the primary structure, thereby causing absorption of a part of seismic energy, to restrict the structural response. One such installation and indicative sketch is shown in Fig.1.24. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291069/figure-24-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291076/figure1-1-schematic-of-atlcd-on-single-degree-of-freedom"><img alt="Figure1.25 Schematic of aTLCD on a single degree of freedom system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291085/figure-26-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291095/figure-27-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291104/figure-2-buildings-structures-with-tuned-liquid-damper"><img alt="Figure 2.3 Buildings/ structures with Tuned Liquid Damper installations EN One Wall Centre, Vancouver is a 157.8 m high 48 story building constructed in 2001. At the top of the 48-storey it houses two tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs), each consisting of water tanks 16 m long x 4.5 m wide x about 8 m tall, extending nearly the full width of the tower. Within each tank is a long horizontal chamber at the bottom and two columns of water at each end. Each TLCD consists of 230 ton of water tank tuned to the frequencies of the structure. The TLCDs are oriented across the narrow aspect of the building. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291108/figure-2-equivalent-mechanical-models-of-sloshing-the-main"><img alt="Figure 2.5 Equivalent mechanical models of sloshing The main dynamic effect of lateral sloshing is the horizontal oscillation of the centre of mass (CM) of the liquid relative to the tank. This effect can be equally well represented by any of the two equivalent mechanical models shown in Fig.2.5 (a) or Fig. 2.5 (b). In the Fig. 2.5(a), a pendulum represents the oscillation of centre of mass (CM) of the liquid, while in Fig.2.5(b) a mass on a spring represents it. Both models give the same forces, and show that a lateral motion of the tank causes the pendulum or sprung mass to oscillate relative to the tank, representing liquid sloshing. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291120/figure-2-fundamental-anti-symmetric-wave-sloshing-in-moving"><img alt="Figure 2.4 Fundamental anti-symmetric wave (sloshing) in a moving tank In a partially filled tank under oscillation the standing wave is formed on the surface of a liquid as shown schematically in Fig.2.4. The standing wave moves up one side of the tank and down the other; then the up half-wave moves down and the down half-wave moves up, and so on. Fig. 2.4 shows one half of a complete standing wave that has one peak and one valley. This is the fundamental anti-symmetric wave, and it has the lowest natural frequency. The natural frequency of wave motion depends on the tank shape under constant gravitational acceleration. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291123/figure-2-coordinate-system-for-the-derivation-of-basic-slosh"><img alt="Figure 2.6 Coordinate system for the derivation of basic slosh equation The basic differential equations and boundary conditions for lateral sloshing are expressed in a Cartesian x,y,z coordinate system, as shown in Fig. 2.6. For a general case, the tank has a translational oscillation along the x and y axes, pitch and yaw oscillations about the x and y axes, and a roll oscillation about the z axis. For sake of clarity, Fig. 2.6 shows only one angular oscillation ay and a roll excitation o,. The x, y, z coordinate system is attached to moving tank, whereas the inertial X, Y and Z coordinate system is stationary. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291136/figure-32-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291150/figure-2-equivalent-mechanical-models-for-liquid-sloshing-in"><img alt="Figure 2.8 Equivalent mechanical models for liquid sloshing in rectangular tank The equations of motion of oscillating point masses and rigid bodies can be included more easily in the analysis than the equations of fluid dynamics. Hence for the purposes of incorporating the dynamic effects of sloshing on a structural system it is convenient to replace the liquid conceptually by an equivalent linear mechanical system as shown in Fig. 2.0(a) and Fig. 2.5(b). The parameters of the mechanical model for a tank with rigid walls depend only on the tank shape and the liquid properties, and not on the type of excitation imposed on the tank. Fig.2.8 illustrates the kind of equivalent mechanical models which can replace the mathematical analysis. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291173/figure-35-tuned-mass-dampers-introductory-concept-briefing"><img alt="2.6.1 Tuned mass dampers: introductory concept briefing A tuned mass damper (TMD) is a device consisting of a mass, a spring, and a damper that is attached to a structure in order to reduce its dynamic response. The frequency of the damper is tuned to a predominant particular structural frequency (generally first mode frequency) so that when tuned frequency is excited, the damper will resonate out of phase with the structural motion. Energy is dissipated by the damper inertia force acting against the structural motion. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291187/figure-2-tmd-and-structure-presented-as-two-mass-systems"><img alt="Figure 2.11 TMD and Structure presented as two mass systems " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291203/figure-2-boundary-layer-conditions-of-tswd-as-considered-by"><img alt="Figure 2.12 Boundary layer conditions of a TSWD as considered by Sun Sun et al. (1995) conducted experiments to estimate the nonlinearities that are inherent in TSWD behaviour. The critical parameters such as natural frequency and damping ratio of the TSWD are amplitude dependant. The amplitude dependant parameters have been determined empirically and have been incorporated in the linear TMD- structure interaction equations. The model introduced by Sun considers wave breaking under large excitations by means of two empirical coefficients. The summary of this model is presented in following paragraphs. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291218/figure-2-schematic-of-single-degree-of-freedom-system-with"><img alt="Figure 2.13 Schematic of a single degree of freedom system with TSWD attached " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291226/figure-39-yu-modelled-the-tswd-as-solid-mass-damper-with"><img alt="Yu (1999) modelled the TSWD as a solid mass damper with stiffness and damping varying with excitation amplitude. This mechanical model can capture the behaviour of the TSWD in a broad range of excitation amplitudes and has been accepted as a TSWD desigr tool. An equivalent TMD having Nonlinear-Stiffness-Damping (NSD) is proposed through an energy matching procedure when the dissipated energy by the equivalent TMD is matched with that of the TSWD. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291235/figure-2-sloshingslamming-model-for-sloshing-water-damper"><img alt="Figure 2.15 Sloshing—slamming model for sloshing water damper proposed by Yalla " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291243/figure-2-tuned-sloshing-water-dampers-with-baffles-screens"><img alt="Figure 2.16 Tuned sloshing water dampers with baffles/ screens " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291254/figure-42-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291257/figure-2-the-host-structure-to-be-retrofitted-is-represented"><img alt="The host structure to be retrofitted is represented as a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and the retrofitting device is multiple TSWD system as shown in Fig. 2.18. Figure 2.18 Multiple tuned sloshing water dampers (MTSWD) attached to SDOF structure 2.8.1 Analytical approach for Multiple frequency TSW Ds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291269/figure-3-rc-frame-buildings-structures-with-masonry-infill"><img alt="Figure 3.1 RC frame buildings / structures with masonry infill and overhead tank " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291275/figure-45-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291283/figure-46-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291289/figure-3-masonry-lay-out-of-existing-structure-masonry-with"><img alt="Figure 3.4 Masonry lay out of existing structure masonry with openings for access, operation and ventilation is shown in Fig. 3.4. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291296/figure-3-equivalent-diagonal-strut-equivalent-diagonal-strut"><img alt="Figure 3.5 Equivalent diagonal strut equivalent diagonal strut ‘was’ is determined on the basis of formulations given by Holmes (Holmes,1961). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291301/figure-3-displacement-of-structure-under-different-load"><img alt="Figure 3.6 Displacement of structure under different load cases along Z axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291310/figure-3-single-degree-of-freedom-structure-with-tsw"><img alt="Figure 3.7 Single degree of freedom structure with TSW D " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291316/figure-3-effect-of-damper-parameters-on-retrofitting"><img alt="Figure 3.8 Effect of damper parameters on retrofitting performance for the condition of f=/ The structural response will be maximum under resonant frequency excitation, i.e ‘or the condition of G=/ or we ~ ws. For an ES of 3% damping ratio, coupled with TSWD subjected to resonant harmonic excitations, the sweep curves have been plotted in Fig. 3.8. 3.7.1 TSWD system subjected to resonant harmonic frequency vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291319/figure-3-effect-of-damper-parameters-on-retrofitting"><img alt="Figure 3.9 Effect of damper parameters on retrofitting performance for the condition of f=1 For a typical ES of 3% structural damping ratio, coupled with TSWD, the sweep curves for tuned conditions (f=1 or wa ~ ws) have been plotted in Fig.3.9, for performance visualisation with respect to excitation frequency. The dominating influence of excitation frequency on overall retrofitting performance of the TSWD system is reflected. As can be seen from the Fig. 3.8 and Fig.3.9 the damping ratio of the dampers affects its performance. The dampers of low damping ratio are sensitive to tuning and frequency ratio. The dampers of high damping ratio are robust and effective over wider frequency range. The practical and desired range of mass ratio is 1% to 3% and that of damper damping ratio is 10% to 20%. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291322/figure-3-deformed-shape-of-es-along-axis"><img alt="Figure 3.10 Deformed shape of ES along Z axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291325/figure-54-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291330/figure-3-variation-of-structural-response-reduction-with"><img alt="Figure 3.12(a) Variation of structural response reduction with tuning ratio along Z axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291334/figure-56-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291341/figure-3-two-such-plots-for-and-structural-damping-ratio-are"><img alt="Two such plots for 3% and 5% structural damping ratio are plotted as shown in Fig. 3.13 and Fig. 3.14. As can be seen from plots of Fig. 3.13 and Fig. 3.14, for ES-TSWD coupling idealised as linear two degree of freedom system, in tuned condition (f =1), subjected to resonant harmonic excitation (f = 1) the effective damping ratio is directly proportional to mass ratio. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291347/figure-3-effective-damping-ratio-of-es-of-with-dampers-of"><img alt="Figure 3.14 Effective damping ratio of ES of é, =5% with dampers of different 4 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291352/figure-59-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291359/figure-60-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291370/figure-3-effectiveness-ratio-chart-of-tswd-system-for"><img alt="Figure 3.17 Effectiveness ratio chart of TSWD system for structures of 5% damping ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291384/figure-62-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291395/figure-3-effectiveness-ratio-chart-of-tswd-system-for"><img alt="Figure 3.19 Effectiveness ratio chart of TSWD system for structures of 8% damping ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291415/figure-3-effectiveness-ratio-chart-of-tswd-system-for"><img alt="Figure 3.20 Effectiveness ratio chart of TSWD system for structures of 10% damping ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291426/figure-65-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291509/figure-4-amplitude-decay-of-bare-sm-under-free-vibration"><img alt="Figure 4.3 Amplitude decay of bare SM under free vibration (test Id 6) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291541/figure-71-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291550/figure-4-amplitude-decay-of-sm-tswd-coupling-with-mm-water"><img alt="Figure 4.6 Amplitude decay of SM;-TSWD coupling with 20 mm water at optimum length (test Id 14) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291557/figure-4-for-input-base-excitation-amplitude-ape-of-mm-with"><img alt="For input base excitation amplitude (Ape) of 0.75mm with 1.18% mass ratio the eduction in maximum cyclic displacement of SM, is 37.5 % as shown in Fig.4.7. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291567/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.8 SM, -TSWD coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 20/iv & 36) reduction in maximum cyclic displacement of SM, is 35.5 % as shown in Fig.4.8. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291575/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.9 SM; -TSWD coupling subjected to 0.75mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 21/iii and 45) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291583/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.10 SM; -TSWD coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 21/iv and 46) SM.¢—TSWD subjected to harmonic excitations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291593/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.12 SM, -TSWD coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 22/iv and 62) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291598/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.11 SM, -TSWD coupling subjected to 0.75mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 22/iii and 61) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291611/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-centro-ground-motion"><img alt="Figure 4.13 SM,4-TSWD coupling subjected to E] Centro ground motion (N-S component) (test Id 65-b and 65) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291618/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-el-centro-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.14 SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id 66-b & 66) The above described test procedure is repeated E-W component of El Centro ground motion time history with maximum acceleration of 0.07g. The maximum displacement of 15.89mm has been recorded for bare SM, (test Id 66-b). The maximum displacement of SM4-TSWD235xg0 coupling with 1.18% mass ratio has been recorded as 14.79mm designated as test Id-66. The vibration profiles of the tests are shown in Fig. 4.14. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291625/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.15 SM.-TSWD coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 67-b & 67) maximum displacement response as has been observed and vibration profile designated as test Id 67 is shown in Fig. 4.15. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291634/figure-82-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291649/figure-4-the-bare-sm-has-been-subjected-to-component-of-el"><img alt="The bare SM; has been subjected to E-W component of El Centro ground motion with maximum acceleration intensity of 0.07g. Figure 4.17 SM;-TSWD coupling subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id 69-b and 69) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291664/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.18 SM;-TSWD coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 70-b and 70) The bare SM; (no water in TSWDs) has been subjected to BIS:1893 compatible time history (test Id 70-b) with maximum acceleration of 0.075g. The maximum displacement of 14.55mm has been recorded. The test has been repeated with 80mm water filled in all the three TSWD 2¢0xg0, resulting in a SM5-TSW Do¢oxg0 coupling of 1.16% mass ratio (test Id 70). The maximum displacement of SMs5-TSWD2o¢oxg0 coupling has been recorded as 11.89mm. An overall reduction of 18.3% in maximum displacement response has been observed. The vibration profile designated as test Id 70-b and test Id-70, is shown in Fig. 4.18. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_084.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291677/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-centro-ground-motion"><img alt="Figure 4.19 SM¢-TSWD coupling subjected to E] Centro ground motion (N-S component) (test Id 71-b and 71) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_085.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291683/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-el-centro-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.20 SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id 72-b and 72) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_086.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291692/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.21 SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 73-b and 73) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_087.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291702/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.22 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM, subjectec to El Centro ground motion (N-S component), (test Id. 65-b, 75 & 80) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_088.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291711/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.23 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM, subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component), (test Id. 66-b, 76 & 81) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_089.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291728/figure-90-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_090.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291749/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.25 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected 1.48Hz sinusoidal base excitation of 0.75 mm amplitude (test Id. 21/iii, 83 & 87) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_091.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291774/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.26 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjectec to El Centro ground motion (N-S component) (test Id. 68-b, 84 & 88) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_092.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291788/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.27 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id. 69-b, 85 & 89) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_093.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291804/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.28 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test no. 70-b, 86 & 90) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_094.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291813/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.29 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM¢ subjected to El Centro ground motion (N-S component), (test Id. 71-b, 92 and 96) The displacement profiles of SMg subjected to broad band earthquake excitations vave been plotted as Fig. 4.29, 4.30 and 4.31for performance comparison. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_095.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291825/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.30 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM¢ subjected to El Centro ground motion (N-S component), (test Id. 72-b, 93 and 97) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_096.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291840/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.31 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion, (test Id. 73-b, 93 and 98) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_097.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291853/figure-4-effective-damping-ratio-of-smy-tswd-with-mm-water"><img alt="Figure 4.32 Effective damping ratio ‘&’ of SMy2-TSWD with 80 mm water depth (test Id 100 and 103) The size searches of TSWDs along X direction, with SMy1, SMy2 and SM,3 were done for 80mm water depth only. The acrylic box used as TSWD was of 370mm x370mm plan and 120mm depth fixed at the location of (TL-1). The TSWD sizes normal to axis of vibration has been kept as determined from earlier tests for respective structural conditions and corresponding SMs (test Id 9 for SMg, test Id 12 for SMs and test Id 15 for SMg). As has been done along the Z direction, the optimum dimensions of TSWDs along X axis are also determined for a condition of fastest decay of vibration amplitude. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_098.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291858/figure-99-igure-sm-tsw-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal"><img alt="‘igure 4.34 SM. —TSW D529 coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 108 & 116) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_099.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291866/figure-100-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_100.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291872/figure-101-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_101.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291883/figure-4-sm-tsw-dxx-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal"><img alt="Figure 4.36 SM —TSW D275x280x160 coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal excitation (test Id 20/iii and 122) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_102.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291910/figure-4-sm-tsw-dxx-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 4.40 SM;-TSW D350x350x160 coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 70-b and 126) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_105.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291923/figure-106-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_106.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291933/figure-5-amplitude-decay-of-bare-sm-under-free-vibration"><img alt="Figure 5.2 Amplitude decay of bare SM; under free vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_107.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291945/figure-5-sm-ws-for-every-free-vibration-observation"><img alt="SM, 1.€. ws ~ @a. For every free vibration observation effective damping ratio ‘’ of SM-TSWD coupling is determined by logarithmic decrement method. The length of the TSWD causing fastest decay of vibration amplitude gives maximum value of ‘é’. This size has been considered to be as optimum size of the TSWD, implying perfect tuning of TSWD with SM, 1.€. ws = @a. Figure 5.3 Size search for maximum effective damping ratio ‘&’ of SMs-TSWD with 80 mm water depth " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_108.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291962/figure-5-effective-damping-ratio-with-respect-to-mass-ratio"><img alt="Figure 5.4 Effective damping ratio ‘¢.’ with respect to mass ratio under free vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_109.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291977/figure-110-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_110.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291988/figure-5-effective-damping-ratio-of-sm-tswd-coupling"><img alt="Figure 5.6 Effective damping ratio of SM-TSWD coupling subjected to resonant harmonic base excitation of 1.0mm. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_111.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292000/figure-5-tswd-proposed-for-final-testing-of-sm-mtswd"><img alt="Figure 5.7 TSWD.,, proposed for final testing of SM-MTSWD coupling " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_112.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292012/figure-5-layout-of-tswd-mounted-on-sm-oriented-along"><img alt="Figure 5.8 Layout of TSWD,, mounted on SM oriented along Z " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_113.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292021/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.9 Performance of SM,- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (N-S component) (test Id 65-b and 127) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_114.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292032/figure-5-performance-of-smy-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.11 Performance of SMy- TSWD,, subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 67-b and 129) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_115.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292041/figure-116-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_116.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292052/figure-5-performance-of-sms-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.12 Performance of SMs- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (N-S component) (test Id 68-b and 130) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_117.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292062/figure-5-performance-of-sms-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.13 Performance of SMs- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 69-band 131) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_118.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292069/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.14 Performance of SM;- TSWD,, subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 70-b and 132) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_119.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292076/figure-120-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_120.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292082/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.16 Performance of SM¢- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 72-b and 134) Figure 5.17 Performance of SMg- TSWD,, subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 73-b and 135) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_121.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292090/figure-122-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_122.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292099/figure-123-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_123.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292106/figure-5-layout-of-tswd-on-sm-oriented-along-the-mtswd"><img alt="Figure 5.18 Layout of TSWD,x on SM oriented along X The MTSWD system along X axis has been designed with linearly distributed mass ratio system (LDMRS) with central frequency of 1.47 Hz, tuned with SM,» (refer table 4.13 and table 4.14). The range frequency TSWDs have been tuned with SM,z.5 and SMs5.¢. The water mass of 40% has been allocated to central frequency of 1.47 Hz and balance 60% is divided equally in range frequency TSWDs. The TSWD combination is designated as TSWD,x. The distribution of water mass of 16.78 kg between these TSW Ds is mentioned in table 5.18. The orientation and location of TSW Ds for shake table tests along X direction is shown in Fig. 5.18. MTSWD system along X axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_124.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292109/figure-5-performance-of-smy-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.20 Performance of SMy:- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 137 and 140) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_125.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292116/figure-126-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_126.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292123/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.21 Performance of SM,;- TSWD,x subjected to BIS compatible ground motior (test Id 138 and 141) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_127.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292135/figure-128-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_128.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292144/figure-5-performance-of-smx-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.23 Performance of SMx.- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 143 and 146) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_129.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292148/figure-130-igure-performance-of-smyo-tswd-subjected-to-bis"><img alt="‘igure 5.24 Performance of SMyo-TSWD,, subjected to BIS compatible ground motion (test Id 144 and 147) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_130.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292156/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.26 Performance of SM,3-TSWD,,x subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 149 and 152) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_131.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292163/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.27 Performance of SM,3-TSWD,x subjected to BIS compatible ground motion (test Id 150 and 153) The effectiveness ratio of SM-MTSWD couplings subjected to various ground motions are plotted with respect to SM frequencies in Fig. 5.28. The effectiveness of the proposed MTSWD system for all frequencies of SM subjected to broad band ground motion shall lie somewhere in shaded area of the plot in Fig. 5.28. It may be noted that more than 25% effectiveness of MTSWD retrofitting system is achievable for a frequency range of 1.33 Hz to 1.72 Hz in all types of excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_132.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292174/figure-133-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_133.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292190/figure-5-overhead-tank-of-es-converted-into-tsw"><img alt="Figure 5.29 Overhead tank of ES converted into TSW D335;335 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_134.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292200/figure-5-details-of-the-proposed-tswd-cluster"><img alt="Figure 5.30 Details of the proposed TSWD cluster " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_135.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292214/figure-136-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_136.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292226/figure-137-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_137.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292233/figure-138-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_138.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292243/figure-2-tswd-is-simplest-form-of-tld-it-consists-of-rigid"><img alt="A TSWD is simplest form of TLD. It consists of a rigid vessel holding a given mass of water placed at the top of the building (Fig. 2). The vessel and its content, under dynamic excitation, are tuned to slosh at the prime frequency of the host structure. A part of the seismic energy imparted on ES is dissipated through sloshing, resulting in overall reduced response of the structure. Properties of tuned sloshing water dampers " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_139.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292259/figure-140-im-uf-ap-im-peak"><img alt="IM =2 B+ {uf aP)IM(f- 6)? +4 Peak} " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_140.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292267/figure-141-dmf-re-im"><img alt="DMF, = 1/(RE? + IM 2)°° " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_141.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292276/figure-142-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_142.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292282/figure-5-dynamic-response-reduction-of-es-with-single-and"><img alt="Figure 5 Dynamic response reduction of ES with single and multiple TSW D The design of the retrofitted ES-TSWD coupling is governed by equations (5-a), (5- b) and (5-c). Mutual tuning of ES and TSWD is vital but difficult to achieve due to approximations involved in assessment of dynamic properties of ES. These approximations may lead to detuned and erroneous design of the TSWD and less effective response control performance of the retrofitting system. The detuning may be defined as percentage difference between ws and wa. The problem of detuning may be addressed by extending the concept of multiple mass dampers (MMDs) to TSWDs. (Sadek et al., 1998). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_143.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292298/figure-6-for-known-values-of-and-the-effectiveness-of-tswd"><img alt="For known values of é;, éa, and « the effectiveness of TSWD depends on the mutual tuning of ES and TSWD. Performance charts in terms of effectiveness vs mass ratio are developed. A performance chart is plotted for ES damping ratio of 3%, with TSWD damping ratio of 8%, 12% and 20%, as shown in Fig.6. The range of detuning considered is 15% (i.e. f is ranging from 0.85 to 1.15). Solid lines in the charts are for perfectly tuned conditions and dotted lines are for a detuning of 15%. As evident, the TSWD is more effective in tuned conditions. Figure 6 Variation of effectiveness with mass ratio and tuning ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_144.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292301/figure-7-the-test-observations-are-extrapolated-analytically"><img alt="The test observations are extrapolated analytically for real life application to the ES. The SM represents ES and SM-TSWD coupling represents retrofitted ES. As SM has got the dynamic similitude with ES, the TSWDs tested with SM are also applicable for ES. The number of TSWDs to be installed is determined on the basis of mass ratio, for desired performance level. The existing structure (ES) considered in present study is representative of typical urban residential building stock. It is situated in Mumbai, India. The ES is designed and executed in accordance of prevalent code provisions (BIS 456, 2000). It houses 8 flats with a centrally located staircase over which an overhead tank (OHT) is provided. The structural RC Frame and typical floor plan is shown in Fig. 7. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_145.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292305/figure-146-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_146.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292308/figure-9-physical-scaled-models-sm-on-shake"><img alt="Figure 9 physical scaled models (SM) on shake table " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_147.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292311/figure-11-optimum-effective-damping-ratio-of-sm-tswd-with-mm"><img alt="Figure 11 Optimum effective damping ratio ‘&’ of SM-TSWD with 80 mm water depth " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_148.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292314/figure-12-effective-damping-ratio-with-respect-to-mass-ratio"><img alt="Figure 12 Effective damping ratio ‘€,’ with respect to mass ratio under free vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_149.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292317/figure-14-effective-damping-ratio-with-respect-to-mass-ratio"><img alt="Figure 14 Effective damping ratio with respect to mass ratio under forced vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_150.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292327/figure-13-performance-of-sm-tswd-coupling-under-forced"><img alt="Figure 13 Performance of SM; -TSWD coupling under forced sinusoidal excitation " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_151.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292330/figure-15-performance-of-tswd-retrofitting-system-against-el"><img alt="Figure 15 Performance of TSWD retrofitting system against El Centro ground motion The performance of retrofitting system has further been substantiated with respect to real life ground motion. The SM has been subjected to ground motion of El Centro 1940 earthquake (Chopra A.K.; 1995). The effectiveness of the TSWD system is less as compared to that under sinusoidal excitation. This may be attributed to the fact that the TSWDs have been designed for excitation amplitude of 11.0 mm with a frequency of 1.48 Hz which is different from the frequency content of El Centro ground motion chosen for experimentation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_152.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292336/figure-16-performance-comparison-of-single-and-multiple"><img alt="Figure 16 Performance comparison of single and multiple frequency TSWD system with SM5 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_153.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292341/figure-154-similarly-the-sm-has-been-tested-for-ground"><img alt="Similarly the SM; has been tested for ground motion of El Centro 1940 earthquake, coupled with multiple frequency TSWDs. Sloshing in all the three TSWDs has been observed with maximum in TSW Do0xg9 and minimum TSWD 145x290 . The performances of single frequency TSWD system and multiple frequency TSWD system are plotted in Fia.17. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_154.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292343/figure-155-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_155.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292347/table-1-the-methods-and-systems-mentioned-above-are-being"><img alt="The methods and systems mentioned above are being described briefly. As itis evident from the foregoing discussion the seismic performance of a structure is dependent on its frequency or period and damping ratio. Thus the seismic retrofitting concepts have also been evolved around these properties only. There are numerous retrofitting techniques now available and many more are continuously being developed. However, most of the conventional retrofit methods are quite invasive and they require lot of alterations to the original structure. The concept of structural response control is comparatively less invasive and adoptable option for the developing nations. Various retrofitting systems being practiced are given in table-1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292356/table-1-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure As clear from the previous descriptions active, semi-active or hybrid systems are technology-intensive, power-dependent and expensive, hence not very frendly and convenient option for developing nations. Further, seismic retrofitting requires all time preparedness which is always in question due reasons mentioned in preceding section. All these considerations make passive energy dissipation systems as most suitable and adoptable option for response control of the structures subjected to dynamic excitation (Rai et al 2009). Various passive energy dissipation methods are given in table-1.2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292360/table-3-this-concept-is-of-advantage-for-heritage-structures"><img alt="This concept is of advantage for heritage structures where much scope is not available for modification and additional retrofitting. Similarly for scattered and remotely located important establishments, equipped with valuable machines and equipment this methodology is of vital utility as it does not requires any additional space, external energy and structural / architectural modification. Economics of the methodology is within acceptable domains for the most of the structures as it improves the routine functionality of the host primary structure along with the improvement in anti-seismic performances. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292371/table-3-as-can-be-seen-from-the-above-mentioned-the-existing"><img alt="As can be seen from the above mentioned table the existing non ductile moment resisting frame buildings are seismically vulnerable across the world. Situation is more alarming in 2" and 3” tier of nations, as these buildings house large population with significant contribution to the economy and developmental process of their respective nations. Comprehensive surveys of such exiting building stock (typically classified as moment resisting RC frame buildings with unreinforced masonry) in earthquake prone areas have been conducted by Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and International A ssociation for Earthquake Engineering (IA EE) (Heidi et al., 2004; Kishore et al., 2002; Marhatta et al., 2007). The findings and aspects relevant to engineering considerations for seismic vulnerability, for three countries (USA, India and Nepal) of different economic status are tabulated in table 3.1 below for a comprehensive assessment of such buildings. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292377/table-5-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292392/table-3-as-evident-from-the-the-weight-of-the-masonry-is-of"><img alt="As evident from the table 3.3 the weight of the masonry is of the order of weight RC frame. The structural contribution of masonry under earthquake loading has been evaluated by incorporating compressive diagonal strut in analysis with an assumed damping ratio of 5%. The column stresses obtained due to earthquake loading have been normalised with respect to maximum column stress under gravity load for which structure has been designed and constructed. The maximum column stresses are presented in table 3.4. For the present study RC frame masonry infill structures of a township in Mumbai, India has been chosen. These buildings are representative of existing building stock of urban India. The structures are adequately designed and constructed, with due consideration of prevalent code provisions (IS 456-2000). The structures are in seismic zone III of BIS1893 classification. The descriptive data for these buildings are tabulated in table 3.3. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292402/table-3-the-story-buildings-form-largest-chunk-of-the-medium"><img alt="The 4 story buildings form largest chunk of the medium height structure and house maximum inhabitants in the township under study. All these structures mentioned in table- 3.4 are analysed in detail for various load possibilities and combinations. Incidentally the 4 story buildings are most vulnerable among medium height structures and the same has been chosen for further retrofitting studies. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292420/table-8-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="3.4.3 Masonry details " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292436/figure-3-the-structural-contribution-of-masonry-has-been"><img alt="The structural contribution of masonry has been accounted as diagonal strut (Fig.3.5) of length d equal to length of diagonal of masonry panel. The effective width of the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292455/table-3-maximum-normalised-stresses-in-columns-water-as"><img alt="Table 3.8 Maximum normalised stresses in columns | Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292516/table-11-retrofitting-is-governed-by-the-purpose-of-reducing"><img alt="Retrofitting is governed by the purpose of reducing the structural deformation of ES. subjected to earthquake excitation, from D, to D; (from 14.74 mm to 11.05 mm at root! level). Thus retrofitting through response control is essentially a process of enhancing é, tc &, such that D, is restricted to D;. The effective damping ratio & of retrofitted structure is function of a number of unknown variables. The design process is iterative may be broadly divided in three steps: " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292531/table-12-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292537/table-13-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292553/table-14-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292564/table-15-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292574/table-4-material-scaling-ratio-about-axes-number-of"><img alt="4.2.2 Material scaling ratio about axes, number of structural members and number of joints of SM are kept as SMe ES. The respective dimensions of ES and SM are tabulated in table 4.1. The ES was built by using concrete of grade M30 (characteristic cube strength = 30 MPa) and deformed bars with characteristic yield strength of 415 MPa. The infill masonry is burnt clay brick in cement sand mortar. The gross characteristics strength of ES calculated on the basis of cross sectional area contribution of column and masonry strut is 15.45 MPa. If the same material is adopted with a linear scaling factor of 20, then the member dimensions works out to be very small and practically impossible to be constructed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292584/table-17-the-free-vibration-tests-have-been-conducted-for"><img alt="The free vibration tests have been conducted for, verifying the consistency of SM and TSW D with respect to analytical approach, and assessment of dynamic properties of the SM and TSWD for selecting the suitable test regime of experimental verification. The forced vibration tests have been planned and conducted for simulating coupled SM-TSWD performance under externally applied dynamic load of resonant frequency. Experimental simulations have also been performed with recorded ground motion time histories to visualise the performance assurance of TSWDs retrofitting system against real earthquake. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292592/table-18-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292606/table-4-first-of-all-size-search-tests-for-sms-have-been"><img alt="First of all size search tests for SMs have been conducted. The displacement of SM at the base of TL-1 is the amplitude of excitation ‘A,’ for TSWD at that location. The first set of the observations have been recorded with 80mm of water in TSWD. The decay of amplitude for every free vibration test run is recorded and effective damping ratio ‘¢,’ of SM-TSWD coupling is determined by logarithmic decrement method (table-4.4). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292618/table-20-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292634/table-4-bare-sm-subjected-to-resonant-sinusoidal-excitation"><img alt="Table-4.6 Bare SM subjected to resonant sinusoidal excitation Five sets of forced vibration tests, with varying amplitudes of resonant harmonic excitation at base ‘Ap,’, have been conducted. The ‘Ap,’ has been increased from 0.25 mm to 1.25 mm in incremental steps of 0.25mm. The maximum displacements at base level of TL-1 have been recorded in table-4.6. It has been noticed that maximum displacement and damping ratios for SMa SMs and SMg are of similar order. The damping ratio of SM has been determined by dynamic magnification factor, it increases with increase in amplitude of excitation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292650/table-22-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292658/figure-4-for-input-base-excitation-amplitude-ap-of-mm-with"><img alt="For input base excitation amplitude (Ap.) of 0.75mm with 1.16% mass ratio the reduction in maximum cyclic displacement of SM; is 38.1 % as shown in Fig.4.9. The test observations for SMs-TSWD coupling with TSW D2g0xg0 and TSW D220x40 are being presented in table 4.8. The experimental trials with SMs have been extended for actually proposed TSWDs of 280 mm x 285 mm plan size and 80 mm depth having sloshing mass of 4.12 kg. Thus the observations have been recorded for mass ratios varying from 0.17% to 2.28%. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292667/table-24-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292675/table-4-it-can-be-seen-from-the-that-under-sinusoidal"><img alt="It can be seen from the table 4.10 that under sinusoidal excitation of 1.76 Hz effectiveness of the MTSWD is marginally high. The increase in effectiveness of the MTSWD over STSWD system under broad band earthquake excitations is much more pronounced. The displacement profiles of SM, subjected to broad band excitations have been plotted as Fig. 4.22, 4.23 and 4.24 for performance comparison. SM, has been subjected to four type dynamic excitations through shake table. First set of observations were taken with STSWD system for the maximum displacements. Second set of observations were taken with MTSWD system for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 4.10. The effectiveness of both the systems has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292836/table-42-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292806/table-5-performance-comparison-under-sinusoidal-excitation"><img alt="Performance comparison under sinusoidal excitation All the three scaled models SM, SMs and SMg¢ have been subjected to various dynamic excitations in coupling with these two TSWD systems. The effects of these systems on displacement response of SMa, SMs and SMg have been recorded and tabulated in table 5.7. The performances of both the systems have been presented with respect to effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio for performance comparison. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292844/table-43-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292814/table-5-the-test-results-with-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to"><img alt="The test results with SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to resonant sinusoidal vibration are consistent with the observations of SM4-TSWD, SMs-TSWD and SM¢-TSWD couplings recorded in table 5.5. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292681/table-4-sm-has-been-subjected-to-four-type-dynamic"><img alt="SM; has been subjected to four type dynamic excitations through shake table. First set of observations were taken with STSWD system for the maximum displacements. Second set of observations were taken with MTSWD system for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 4.11. The effectiveness of both the systems has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292686/table-4-sm-has-been-subjected-to-four-type-dynamic"><img alt="SM¢ has been subjected to four type dynamic excitations through shake table. First set of observations were taken with STSWD system for the maximum displacements. Second set of observations were taken with MTSWD system for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 4.12. The effectiveness of both the systems has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292693/table-28-size-search-of-tsw-ds-with-respect-to-sm-along-axis"><img alt="Size search of TSW Ds with respect to SM along X axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292729/table-4-forced-vibration-tests-the-optimal-lengths-of-tswds"><img alt="4.11.2 Forced vibration tests The optimal lengths of TSWDs for SM,; and SM,3 have also been determined by same procedure. The length thus obtained along with the already determined optimal TSWD lengths along the Z axis gives the optimal sizes of TSWDs effective in both the principal direction. Thus in effect three sizes of the TSWDs have been obtained for three structural conditions as mentioned in table 4.14. Bare frame tests " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292738/table-30-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-resonant-sinusoidal"><img alt="SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to resonant sinusoidal excitation " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292750/table-31-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292757/table-5-free-vibration-tests-on-scaled-model-sm-of-structure"><img alt="Table 5.1 Free vibration tests on scaled model (SM) of structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292764/table-33-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292775/table-34-forced-vibration-tests-harmonic-excitations"><img alt="Forced vibration tests: Harmonic excitations observed values. It is seen that analytical values of & obtained with 70% of Aemax are in better concurrence with observed values as compared to values calculated with Aemax. 3.1 Bare SM subjected to resonant harmonic excitations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292780/table-35-have-been-subjected-resonant-frequency-and-tested"><img alt="have been subjected resonant frequency and tested in coupling with optimally sizec TSWDs. The response reducing performances of optimal TSW Ds have been observed wit respect to variation of mass ratio. Different mass ratios were obtained by differen combination of 80mm, 40mm and 20 mm TSWDs of same frequency. Symmetry o! sloshing mass about axis of symmetry was maintained during all the tests. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292790/table-5-specific-mass-ratio-of-tswd-retrofitting-system"><img alt="Table 5.5 Specific mass ratio of TSWD retrofitting system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292797/table-37-it-may-be-noted-that-the-specific-mass-ratios-of"><img alt="It may be noted that the specific mass ratios of the TSWD system for SM, under earthquake excitations are varying in the range of 0.0565% to 0.1705%, this variation range narrows down .0635% to .1107% for SM; and 0.0587% to 0.0766% for SMg. Substantiating the fact that TSWD system is more suited for longer period systems. However the variation range of specific mass ratios is considerably wide as compared to variation range under harmonic resonant frequency. This emphasises the influence of frequency content of forcing excitation (f) on the performance of TSWD system. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292849/table-5-the-maximum-sloshing-mass-required-for-response"><img alt="The maximum sloshing mass required for 25% response reduction 10.697 kg for a structural condition of SM,. The specific mass ratio of TSWD system against broad band excitation is higher than that against resonant frequency harmonic excitation (the maximum specific mass ratio of TSWDgo system under resonant frequency is .043% (refer table 5.5) and that under broad band frequency is 0.1705% (refer table 5.6)). The maximum specific mass ratio for MTSWD system in coupling with SMa, SMs and SMg is extracted from table 5.7. The mass ratio required for desired response reduction of 25% of respective SMs in coupling with MTSWD is given in table 5.13. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292855/table-5-the-distribution-of-sloshing-water-mass-of-kg"><img alt="The distribution of sloshing water mass of 10.697 kg between these TSWDs is 1entioned in table 5.14. frequencies corresponding to these states have already been obtained from free vibration tests (test Ids 12, 18 and 19) and mentioned in table 4.5. The linearly distributed mass ratic system (LDMRS) has been considered. 40% of the sloshing water mass was allocated tc central frequency TSWD optimally tuned with SMs and balance 60% is divided equally ir range frequency TSW Ds optimally tuned with SMz.5 and SMs.¢. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292860/figure-5-the-sloshing-activity-in-tsw-dsxg-has-been-observed"><img alt="The sloshing activity in TSW D2s0xg0 has been observed from beginning of the test. After few seconds the sloshing activity has been observed in TSWD 2¢0x80 and TSW D335x80 also. Maximum sloshing has been observed in TSWD2s0xg0 and it has continued for some ime even after stoppage of the input excitations from shake table. It can be seen from the fable 5.15 that, although no TSWD of the TSWD, is tuned to SM, but a response reduction of 25% has been achieved. The displacement profiles of SM, during the shake table tests have been plotted as Fig. 5.9, 5.10 and 5.11 for performance comparison. SM, has been subjected to three type broad band dynamic excitations through shake table. The observations have been taken in coupling with TSWD,, for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 5.15. The effectiveness of the system has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292868/table-47-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292874/table-48-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292881/table-49-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292890/table-50-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="5.9.3 Execution scheme " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292894/table-51-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292913/table-52-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292919/table-3-considering-perfect-tuning-exists-at-ws-wa-for"><img alt="Considering perfect tuning exists at ws; ~ wa, for excitation amplitude of A,=11.05 The salient analytically determined features of ES are given in table-3. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292924/table-54-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292938/table-55-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292944/table-6-the-observed-behaviour-of-sms-is-compared-with"><img alt="The observed behaviour of SMs is compared with analytical results for VSM, as tabulated in table-6. The observed frequencies of SMs are less than the analytical frequencies of VSM. This variance may be attributed to non-uniformity in sectional properties of the structural elements, imperfect fixity of beam-column joints and imperfect fixity of the model with shake table. The VSM has been modified by 7.5% global reduction in cross-sectional area of all the structural elements and 7.5% reduction in modulus of elasticity of the material of VSM. After these modifications the analytical values show good concurrence with observed values. The analytical values obtained after modification in the VSM are mentioned in the last column of the table-6 as modified frequency. SM, is representative of ES with structural contribution of masonry wall and SM¢ represents the state of no structural contribution of masonry wall. SM; represents an intermediate state of the FS. The structural model (SM), without water in Tanks (designated as bare test), is subjected to initial displacement of 11mm at bottom level of Tank-1 and allowed to vibrate. The decay of vibration amplitudes have been continuously observed and recorded for 25 cycles by laser displacement sensor. The test is repeated, with different weight combinations at floors of SM, for verification of consistent behaviour of SM and respective similitudes with VSM. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292958/table-57-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292969/table-8-parameters-of-tswd-experimental-and-analytical"><img alt="Table -8 Parameters of TSWD (experimental and analytical) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292982/table-9-comparison-of-sm-performance-under-forced-vibration"><img alt="Table-9 Comparison of SM; performance under forced vibration with that of VSM Five sets of forced vibration tests, with varying amplitudes of sinusoidal excitation at base ‘Ape’, have been conducted. The ‘Ape’ has been increased from 0.25 mm to 1.25 mm in incremental steps of 0.25mm. The observed displacements at base level of Tank-1 and damping ratios of SMs are mentioned in table-9. The VSM has also been evaluated analytically for the same excitations and observed structural damping ratios. The displacements thus obtained are tabulated (table-9). The modification rule, applied to VSM earlier for free vibration tests (ref. table-4), has also been verified. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292994/table-60-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5293004/table-5-the-damping-ratio-of-sm-under-sinusoidal-excitation"><img alt="The damping ratio of SM, under sinusoidal excitation amplitude of 1 mm at base \»pe= 1.0mm) as observed and recorded is 3.25%. The test matrix of table-5 and analytical procedures have been repeated with the SM oriented by 90° such that axis X of the SM is parallel to direction of vibration. The dynamic similitude between structural model and reference structure, with respect to frequency has peen achieved by adjusting the floor wise mass distribution. The observed and analytical frequencies, thus determined are tabulated in table -11. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5293022/table-62-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_062.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-8536325-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2dc5d25f8e934a9c98ddb83a1ba24187" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912138,"asset_id":8536325,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912138/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536325"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536325; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536325]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536325; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536325']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2dc5d25f8e934a9c98ddb83a1ba24187" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536325]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536325,"title":"WATER AS ENERGY ABSORBER TO CONTROL THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURES","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.\nThe central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.\nThe existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. \nThe analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.\nThe process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.\nTwo non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.\nSince the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. \nThe required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.\nFrom experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. \nThis research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.\n"},"translated_abstract":"The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.\nThe central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.\nThe existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. \nThe analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.\nThe process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.\nTwo non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.\nSince the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. \nThe required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.\nFrom experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. \nThis research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536325/WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:47:49.619-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912138,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912138/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912138/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912138/Thesis_complete-libre.pdf?1411932350=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=VlErtBnIWQAHKmhBfZvT-wBNALcx~FtwJPQG5XoCXijJ76Og6gKKp7~ebZHASjc2kSZiLomMfVRf5R6hPuyGvogmsRLPNkpH5rIufTMc3tUXKU4vVNxhAd0xpbEPd40i7mymn2GkaB9TMiiewbuCEGNw5y~CF2Xv7LnKGNb2dPXBTE4rCD8ISkCm-kO1zVrFLqXHqgEAbZXSE24W4hFOyXKQYzHflAaAL6CaTD8lJLQi9KHbvRDKhg3cwuvsh~uNoAdbVhF3jmJg~G32JT9-RZgUG1jw67rcIvo8ma7Hdhyr1S5ACsyQsSToT14ZMA7sQYuuq8u8NlPcm8nFKh8U7Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES","translated_slug":"","page_count":253,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.\nThe central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.\nThe existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. \nThe analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.\nThe process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.\nTwo non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.\nSince the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. \nThe required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.\nFrom experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. \nThis research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.\n","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912138,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912138/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912138/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912138/Thesis_complete-libre.pdf?1411932350=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=VlErtBnIWQAHKmhBfZvT-wBNALcx~FtwJPQG5XoCXijJ76Og6gKKp7~ebZHASjc2kSZiLomMfVRf5R6hPuyGvogmsRLPNkpH5rIufTMc3tUXKU4vVNxhAd0xpbEPd40i7mymn2GkaB9TMiiewbuCEGNw5y~CF2Xv7LnKGNb2dPXBTE4rCD8ISkCm-kO1zVrFLqXHqgEAbZXSE24W4hFOyXKQYzHflAaAL6CaTD8lJLQi9KHbvRDKhg3cwuvsh~uNoAdbVhF3jmJg~G32JT9-RZgUG1jw67rcIvo8ma7Hdhyr1S5ACsyQsSToT14ZMA7sQYuuq8u8NlPcm8nFKh8U7Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27702,"name":"Structural Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Earthquake_Engineering"},{"id":28155,"name":"Disaster Preparedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Preparedness"},{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":243318,"name":"Seismic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Analysis"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"},{"id":983765,"name":"Earthquake Resistance of Traditional Housing Typologies In Different Seismic Zones of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Resistance_of_Traditional_Housing_Typologies_In_Different_Seismic_Zones_of_India"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536325-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536037"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536037/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of SEISMIC RETROFITTING BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536037/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER">SEISMIC RETROFITTING BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic<br />retrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the<br />ES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated<br />through sloshing of water mass.<br />The energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of<br />TSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and<br />uncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting<br />system iterative and cumbersome.<br />Multiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform<br />more robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be<br />moderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors<br />due to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.<br />The performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement<br />affected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented<br />which reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing<br />four story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The<br />method ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b938162afb47d130b1ae1fdcf91846b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912037,"asset_id":8536037,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912037/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536037"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536037]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536037']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b938162afb47d130b1ae1fdcf91846b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536037]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536037,"title":"SEISMIC RETROFITTING BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic\nretrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the\nES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated\nthrough sloshing of water mass.\nThe energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of\nTSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and\nuncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting\nsystem iterative and cumbersome.\nMultiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform\nmore robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be\nmoderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors\ndue to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.\nThe performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement\naffected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented\nwhich reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing\nfour story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The\nmethod ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake."},"translated_abstract":"Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic\nretrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the\nES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated\nthrough sloshing of water mass.\nThe energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of\nTSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and\nuncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting\nsystem iterative and cumbersome.\nMultiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform\nmore robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be\nmoderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors\ndue to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.\nThe performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement\naffected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented\nwhich reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing\nfour story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The\nmethod ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536037/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:20:16.952-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912037/NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121-libre.pdf?1411931928=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RrmHfCr4dmKZOTZ~QA9E3sjXX1mYEFbiyPBUNTIXHV~RACsYGgG0S281EI8rywR6nFUlfd4r4RUanAqrSSvifwSE1Xmj6DZ9DWL9tdatVHtVxl6p~ZSVrdJNfoSzsD8jNrQ2g4jJT1pOaFWGQgI6lA7UWQLGRCzy9o7XG~qaNVkgRUOprI4NBWGyZSUCT6uEh5YCd5bOZMK7w52Whe25ZNiv67UwlDYeZ-0BqLDySLr-BTBKxszofV7PCvuLrzdwbZhOblS~uc-Pi~-3Gp2YEaGZl3VfxvaBll~UNAFqKXgW3tK6X7Ng~wVmh3RCe24XWqqY4CVl3r7WOi0IFSQe9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic\nretrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the\nES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated\nthrough sloshing of water mass.\nThe energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of\nTSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and\nuncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting\nsystem iterative and cumbersome.\nMultiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform\nmore robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be\nmoderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors\ndue to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.\nThe performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement\naffected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented\nwhich reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing\nfour story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The\nmethod ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912037/NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121-libre.pdf?1411931928=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RrmHfCr4dmKZOTZ~QA9E3sjXX1mYEFbiyPBUNTIXHV~RACsYGgG0S281EI8rywR6nFUlfd4r4RUanAqrSSvifwSE1Xmj6DZ9DWL9tdatVHtVxl6p~ZSVrdJNfoSzsD8jNrQ2g4jJT1pOaFWGQgI6lA7UWQLGRCzy9o7XG~qaNVkgRUOprI4NBWGyZSUCT6uEh5YCd5bOZMK7w52Whe25ZNiv67UwlDYeZ-0BqLDySLr-BTBKxszofV7PCvuLrzdwbZhOblS~uc-Pi~-3Gp2YEaGZl3VfxvaBll~UNAFqKXgW3tK6X7Ng~wVmh3RCe24XWqqY4CVl3r7WOi0IFSQe9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536037-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535989"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535989/Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Disaster Resistant Collapse Proof Mass Housing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911979/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535989/Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing">Disaster Resistant Collapse Proof Mass Housing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong<br />construction practices along with affordability.<br />In Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is<br />disaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give<br />any reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most<br />feared natural disaster.<br />Settlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are<br />poorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on<br />disaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum<br />replacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel<br />and concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.<br />In Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to<br />lack of durability.<br />In the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and<br />durable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but<br />technology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick<br />construction.<br />The proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy<br />dissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of<br />life and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after<br />shocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and<br />economical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="58b2df71c9577b9f3fabbab2d884caff" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911979,"asset_id":8535989,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911979/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535989"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535989"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535989; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535989]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535989]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535989; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535989']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "58b2df71c9577b9f3fabbab2d884caff" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535989]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535989,"title":"Disaster Resistant Collapse Proof Mass Housing","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong\nconstruction practices along with affordability.\nIn Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is\ndisaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give\nany reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most\nfeared natural disaster.\nSettlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are\npoorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on\ndisaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum\nreplacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel\nand concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.\nIn Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to\nlack of durability.\nIn the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and\ndurable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but\ntechnology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick\nconstruction.\nThe proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy\ndissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of\nlife and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after\nshocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and\neconomical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also."},"translated_abstract":"Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong\nconstruction practices along with affordability.\nIn Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is\ndisaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give\nany reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most\nfeared natural disaster.\nSettlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are\npoorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on\ndisaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum\nreplacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel\nand concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.\nIn Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to\nlack of durability.\nIn the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and\ndurable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but\ntechnology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick\nconstruction.\nThe proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy\ndissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of\nlife and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after\nshocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and\neconomical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535989/Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:17:31.173-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911979,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911979/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911979/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911979/final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN-libre.pdf?1411931611=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RRGZbGiFItUbDhy~9xGOyvz0K-x6dsyOboZRTMvBZlY~pF4aGeXba1CV8dFrxEyB02j8Iwr91IwBAR-qgnzg48Q95a3YpnOtCJw1UQu29kjUrD~QU1w7z9L1LN3FRCuDti8atN5eRfgqRUa5UIeQTS-oxGZrzg1h0q2-R1GEKhR21jwzTpSy5t33S85GEQrhYQd~ekVxgnv9g~4WquZvcxPAygNgiD2a4Prz-zigIhUOVVur0hzpKU6TLxeswsBiWDUDXwXxwoh0oyzvtambucBJQyIsMFmvXnRZBL9TOu-3zcflnoZMWUIT~xYHQ2C0VcZO49CpvyTex9KV2TV0tA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong\nconstruction practices along with affordability.\nIn Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is\ndisaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give\nany reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most\nfeared natural disaster.\nSettlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are\npoorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on\ndisaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum\nreplacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel\nand concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.\nIn Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to\nlack of durability.\nIn the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and\ndurable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but\ntechnology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick\nconstruction.\nThe proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy\ndissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of\nlife and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after\nshocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and\neconomical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911979,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911979/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911979/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911979/final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN-libre.pdf?1411931611=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RRGZbGiFItUbDhy~9xGOyvz0K-x6dsyOboZRTMvBZlY~pF4aGeXba1CV8dFrxEyB02j8Iwr91IwBAR-qgnzg48Q95a3YpnOtCJw1UQu29kjUrD~QU1w7z9L1LN3FRCuDti8atN5eRfgqRUa5UIeQTS-oxGZrzg1h0q2-R1GEKhR21jwzTpSy5t33S85GEQrhYQd~ekVxgnv9g~4WquZvcxPAygNgiD2a4Prz-zigIhUOVVur0hzpKU6TLxeswsBiWDUDXwXxwoh0oyzvtambucBJQyIsMFmvXnRZBL9TOu-3zcflnoZMWUIT~xYHQ2C0VcZO49CpvyTex9KV2TV0tA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21832,"name":"Low-Cost Housing (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low-Cost_Housing_Architecture_"},{"id":25180,"name":"Mass Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Housing"},{"id":104662,"name":"Mass Housing Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Housing_Development"},{"id":976651,"name":"Sustainable Housing Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Housing_Development"},{"id":983765,"name":"Earthquake Resistance of Traditional Housing Typologies In Different Seismic Zones of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Resistance_of_Traditional_Housing_Typologies_In_Different_Seismic_Zones_of_India"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8535989-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535895"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535895/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911925/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535895/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY">SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2d70022a57bdc154fa0e8b9e279c71cc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911925,"asset_id":8535895,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911925/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535895"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535895; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535895]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535895]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535895; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535895']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2d70022a57bdc154fa0e8b9e279c71cc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535895]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535895,"title":"SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised."},"translated_abstract":"The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535895/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:07:19.108-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911925,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911925/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911925/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911925/re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12-libre.pdf?1411931132=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=IkELwo1nVBXHDWI346Q1~CETIS8f2sX73VWKmUbiJ4Hibi3FYGIU6uTDDKaSudDSuVTiAUwUS-WhGxRV~0bUzhppvGPUqUStzcFmuF2~h4-B~CAluZDWjhtdUBt~ImOuUldcbFrzgy8w6mo5EYTjXQqEMHwRJ4P8DMbuDzhzqTgzJtQ2qgfUIkKTbLCK9ssHvTTWWn~HijR7uny4XYziHuQGZHfdMeNyhCsAEZUbvIEsS7rT7RTikYJ9okpCHvC1gWSAU4WIT5-ShUuiFp8IS0Xn-LLJk-sDVDMgq5VKRZ80KMwRpbztbVy23MNEnuqKWb0QKS-mFzhry9GZ1Fl3zQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911925,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911925/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911925/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911925/re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12-libre.pdf?1411931132=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=IkELwo1nVBXHDWI346Q1~CETIS8f2sX73VWKmUbiJ4Hibi3FYGIU6uTDDKaSudDSuVTiAUwUS-WhGxRV~0bUzhppvGPUqUStzcFmuF2~h4-B~CAluZDWjhtdUBt~ImOuUldcbFrzgy8w6mo5EYTjXQqEMHwRJ4P8DMbuDzhzqTgzJtQ2qgfUIkKTbLCK9ssHvTTWWn~HijR7uny4XYziHuQGZHfdMeNyhCsAEZUbvIEsS7rT7RTikYJ9okpCHvC1gWSAU4WIT5-ShUuiFp8IS0Xn-LLJk-sDVDMgq5VKRZ80KMwRpbztbVy23MNEnuqKWb0QKS-mFzhry9GZ1Fl3zQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8535895-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535851"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535851/EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE TSWD FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE CONTROL OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMED STRUCTURE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911888/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535851/EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE">EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE TSWD FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE CONTROL OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMED STRUCTURE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance u...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance<br />under earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water<br />damper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank<br />and installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.<br />The required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed<br />around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime<br />with robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic<br />properties of the ES.<br />The retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the<br />retrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed<br />which reduces iterative computational efforts.<br />The simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by<br />example of an existing four story structure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ea200256e1a1f14577f1c540168a322d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911888,"asset_id":8535851,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911888/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535851"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535851; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535851]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535851; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535851']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ea200256e1a1f14577f1c540168a322d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535851]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535851,"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE TSWD FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE CONTROL OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMED STRUCTURE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance\nunder earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water\ndamper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank\nand installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.\nThe required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed\naround the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime\nwith robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic\nproperties of the ES.\nThe retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the\nretrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed\nwhich reduces iterative computational efforts.\nThe simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by\nexample of an existing four story structure."},"translated_abstract":"Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance\nunder earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water\ndamper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank\nand installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.\nThe required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed\naround the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime\nwith robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic\nproperties of the ES.\nThe retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the\nretrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed\nwhich reduces iterative computational efforts.\nThe simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by\nexample of an existing four story structure.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535851/EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:01:32.291-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911888,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911888/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911888/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911888/Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10-libre.pdf?1411930789=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RPSvXjbQWDS-qFqG~yCq~9HvQGX17qvRAJXpwBtjQFymkq7c6ynzveklMbzMECAJkqsBa~MDMVcEBW88GR8GNRpzXRxelRlkkDLiWqK6rrW2HFyymm3mQFLjyTiY7gNf9a1U2N1AXzhIS1fEi1PL15Rx5xhkaOcbQ-icYrgw2LzA9WsjiJ6hdYjz1L8bU1nhlRkYpE2orjIrAQrSVkBzorfeeD8GQ8ZEB8eP0KNfmMI972qXtXXMA95oOfWCj9-c-Ny19RYwv93XqSwyKlUv6rjCoRDfex3CX76inATKlzCrvHmNPVL8KGBK84OjNrSIWkgI0N6zuY3AE39fSJFqKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance\nunder earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water\ndamper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank\nand installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.\nThe required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed\naround the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime\nwith robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic\nproperties of the ES.\nThe retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the\nretrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed\nwhich reduces iterative computational efforts.\nThe simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by\nexample of an existing four story structure.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911888,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911888/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911888/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911888/Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10-libre.pdf?1411930789=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RPSvXjbQWDS-qFqG~yCq~9HvQGX17qvRAJXpwBtjQFymkq7c6ynzveklMbzMECAJkqsBa~MDMVcEBW88GR8GNRpzXRxelRlkkDLiWqK6rrW2HFyymm3mQFLjyTiY7gNf9a1U2N1AXzhIS1fEi1PL15Rx5xhkaOcbQ-icYrgw2LzA9WsjiJ6hdYjz1L8bU1nhlRkYpE2orjIrAQrSVkBzorfeeD8GQ8ZEB8eP0KNfmMI972qXtXXMA95oOfWCj9-c-Ny19RYwv93XqSwyKlUv6rjCoRDfex3CX76inATKlzCrvHmNPVL8KGBK84OjNrSIWkgI0N6zuY3AE39fSJFqKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8535851-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535791"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535791/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911830/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535791/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures">Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures<br />have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures<br />also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and<br />property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,<br />functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral<br />damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,<br />a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic<br />energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,<br />active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on<br />external energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned<br />liquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used<br />as TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response<br />without putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of<br />dampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating<br />TLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment<br />which are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it<br />is free from external power dependence and regular maintenance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6f2bf434ab326f71ac8412dc26b417ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911830,"asset_id":8535791,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911830/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535791"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535791"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535791; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535791]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535791; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535791']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6f2bf434ab326f71ac8412dc26b417ba" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535791]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535791,"title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures\nhave little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures\nalso, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and\nproperty. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,\nfunctioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral\ndamage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,\na supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic\nenergy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,\nactive, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on\nexternal energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned\nliquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used\nas TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response\nwithout putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of\ndampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating\nTLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment\nwhich are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it\nis free from external power dependence and regular maintenance."},"translated_abstract":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures\nhave little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures\nalso, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and\nproperty. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,\nfunctioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral\ndamage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,\na supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic\nenergy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,\nactive, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on\nexternal energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned\nliquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used\nas TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response\nwithout putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of\ndampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating\nTLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment\nwhich are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it\nis free from external power dependence and regular maintenance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535791/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T11:51:20.315-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28532543,"work_id":8535791,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4042346,"email":"r***d@barc.gov.in","display_order":0,"name":"G. Reddy","title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures"},{"id":28532545,"work_id":8535791,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6220664,"email":"v***9@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"V. Venkatraj","title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911830,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911830/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5647-published_paper.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911830/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911830/5647-published_paper-libre.pdf?1411930100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=HK7s4gKmzh4iF80ZCuETevGruQfr0mMR4ojGvLNwwNveTC9ii9t-M3ICxNy00bMGu738eEznJpZQYVHQl3YTwpC5fmj-MmcQZ97kIvhrHVb48VGHAsqSLXSHmJ3Z16-CMJ1WFtr0LONlLmzhBKblUXDKyQzgjyN75nG142d2kDC0YZ-m09eS6C1O0JsqNUDO9f9aM~DGp50UYxAXiWhPZy-X4wBegnAJTjKz-B-CYZD1YvQQGEDJdAmNwhGgSNq9mRYxropuQ-DivsKaVNZFL5fTnJMQAaD3d2wKQaeRTjuKa1~38yicqNz-FusQEzezZ4bK6n~UrKZz2diQdGsVbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures\nhave little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures\nalso, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and\nproperty. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,\nfunctioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral\ndamage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,\na supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic\nenergy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,\nactive, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on\nexternal energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned\nliquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used\nas TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response\nwithout putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of\ndampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating\nTLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment\nwhich are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it\nis free from external power dependence and regular maintenance.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911830,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911830/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5647-published_paper.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911830/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911830/5647-published_paper-libre.pdf?1411930100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=HK7s4gKmzh4iF80ZCuETevGruQfr0mMR4ojGvLNwwNveTC9ii9t-M3ICxNy00bMGu738eEznJpZQYVHQl3YTwpC5fmj-MmcQZ97kIvhrHVb48VGHAsqSLXSHmJ3Z16-CMJ1WFtr0LONlLmzhBKblUXDKyQzgjyN75nG142d2kDC0YZ-m09eS6C1O0JsqNUDO9f9aM~DGp50UYxAXiWhPZy-X4wBegnAJTjKz-B-CYZD1YvQQGEDJdAmNwhGgSNq9mRYxropuQ-DivsKaVNZFL5fTnJMQAaD3d2wKQaeRTjuKa1~38yicqNz-FusQEzezZ4bK6n~UrKZz2diQdGsVbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":54132,"name":"Reinforced Concrete Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinforced_Concrete_Structures"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8535791-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1890609" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80270477"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270477/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86708050/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270477/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting">Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial pro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table si...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d75ba35ac148b2051f8635f82c3afacd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86708050,"asset_id":80270477,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86708050/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80270477"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80270477"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270477; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270477]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270477]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270477; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80270477']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d75ba35ac148b2051f8635f82c3afacd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80270477]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80270477,"title":"Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-80270477-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80270287"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270287/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures by Tuned Sloshing Water Damper: An Experimental Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707920/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80270287/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study">Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures by Tuned Sloshing Water Damper: An Experimental Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (T...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be984bbdf71052cd28f0088257f33336" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86707920,"asset_id":80270287,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707920/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80270287"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80270287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80270287]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80270287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80270287']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be984bbdf71052cd28f0088257f33336" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80270287]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80270287,"title":"Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures by Tuned Sloshing Water Damper: An Experimental Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80270287/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-30T05:15:10.998-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86707920,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707920/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Iset524.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707920/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86707920/Iset524-libre.pdf?1653913822=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=NZGWiGZ8Ln8vr-O7GnmjGSs8I~pr31qimnbOAquU0Smsl1VG2H118YCE~vTRuOWaSaREvLInj7otvJo3dKSk9dZ3A5TMlWuqce4qV0ckla-pinQzuIAsPO~HnMSIqFT9l-05vGhkUedkjWb4IPa-svcOW9xoqfMpSmd2MgTBr8322dD103lk9rGE6UgQzDisufNy2mHUMCX63DrW5pVbhZITwIGOMfVDtBCzkoSYnjxAVvWCHmiAtl3arc8WqjkaPXobFozkd0xeQ-MODk~2L60vBWmz4rBtwEY1e5W82FXlPspllliHyxfdsjN3R7poZ6TcP6YVn8xohUN4NQMI~Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structures_by_Tuned_Sloshing_Water_Damper_An_Experimental_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The existing medium-height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of TSWD as a response reducing device against vibratory loads is investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with the scaled models (SMs) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of TSWD with respect to the SMs are obtained through free-vibration tests. Subsequently, the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling is subjected to forced sinusoidal vibrations at the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting regime is also tested against ground-motion time histories. The experimental data so obtained is analytically extrapolated for applications to the real-life ES. A response reduction of the order of 25% is predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for an assured displacement response reduction is devised.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":86707920,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707920/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Iset524.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707920/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86707920/Iset524-libre.pdf?1653913822=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=NZGWiGZ8Ln8vr-O7GnmjGSs8I~pr31qimnbOAquU0Smsl1VG2H118YCE~vTRuOWaSaREvLInj7otvJo3dKSk9dZ3A5TMlWuqce4qV0ckla-pinQzuIAsPO~HnMSIqFT9l-05vGhkUedkjWb4IPa-svcOW9xoqfMpSmd2MgTBr8322dD103lk9rGE6UgQzDisufNy2mHUMCX63DrW5pVbhZITwIGOMfVDtBCzkoSYnjxAVvWCHmiAtl3arc8WqjkaPXobFozkd0xeQ-MODk~2L60vBWmz4rBtwEY1e5W82FXlPspllliHyxfdsjN3R7poZ6TcP6YVn8xohUN4NQMI~Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":86707921,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86707921/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Iset524.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86707921/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86707921/Iset524-libre.pdf?1653913824=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Retrofitting_of_Existing_Structu.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=Su2bWc0omQlMHIjmRFqjycp7u35o~l-8M9Ana2UfG8eZmBKx2N8-PP79pJ1TKEMOgfKFwr2UfLEODR0xD1qqsmBHJx-Mqs~h6DHbhuIaEs3wWNOFPRoNi4kZUvFzAS-3rrkq6yMewJO88tUd6jgP~icEXSN~fRC8NEHMiGChD4iKvejaLVbLdGUzdEr~qKNpWjph1YyRviR45U0wTJDaGhhIBEboAcNi0VJR2HwIQNdIeS3kN06ObblDgbNqfM8p7G-EYHJXcrZ91sgAv~7ukotZyFygnjY3F4iH3u-dfqHSEkcmOnVtXSlIJGKkYHhwQs9QjRmSYu-LXgAG3GCFzA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[{"id":20919984,"url":"http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset524.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-80270287-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75031631"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75031631/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82966196/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75031631/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures">Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments, functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d3da7fff414f6cfa011e2309d7ec53a1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82966196,"asset_id":75031631,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82966196/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75031631"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75031631"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75031631; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75031631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75031631]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75031631; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75031631']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d3da7fff414f6cfa011e2309d7ec53a1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75031631]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75031631,"title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments, functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments, functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75031631/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-30T23:03:07.905-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82966196,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82966196/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"647.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82966196/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82966196/647-libre.pdf?1648707483=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=HdAv4LtIe0aIqVuJafU~9wmYwKIJ6Lz0iydDNXHNBmFau~InQ86bZG4HQOkWx9cgMtTwH6Cz-gkTzKxz2JH8eyIn0LqtupwGcSNLSZEL6y9KhxzExoqoVvS8limvojdOu5q4MemYmivUKtZ7Uc6c0-H67SRdrZR-n1-T2Qxg-rE-rvmTPJuPqQFqLijKrb4Sj8E~CSaCBgzmwgOIE19sKNUziaT7fYnOenjzz0l~Gux5yr3VLgms-P0PS3S-i6GYLjkuF0w2S4U6fmalWY-bLI~NeCbdepmwuT~dsLPiwm6AfRw~1KhV0YGP4KwKVbSr0KRJN9PgQRHgaMJ9sGT6-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments, functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent...","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":82966196,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82966196/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"647.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82966196/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82966196/647-libre.pdf?1648707483=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311482\u0026Signature=HdAv4LtIe0aIqVuJafU~9wmYwKIJ6Lz0iydDNXHNBmFau~InQ86bZG4HQOkWx9cgMtTwH6Cz-gkTzKxz2JH8eyIn0LqtupwGcSNLSZEL6y9KhxzExoqoVvS8limvojdOu5q4MemYmivUKtZ7Uc6c0-H67SRdrZR-n1-T2Qxg-rE-rvmTPJuPqQFqLijKrb4Sj8E~CSaCBgzmwgOIE19sKNUziaT7fYnOenjzz0l~Gux5yr3VLgms-P0PS3S-i6GYLjkuF0w2S4U6fmalWY-bLI~NeCbdepmwuT~dsLPiwm6AfRw~1KhV0YGP4KwKVbSr0KRJN9PgQRHgaMJ9sGT6-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":54132,"name":"Reinforced Concrete Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinforced_Concrete_Structures"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":2056227,"name":"Defence Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_Science"}],"urls":[{"id":18967897,"url":"https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/dsj/article/download/1517/647"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-75031631-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32549036"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32549036/RE_QUALIFICATION_OF_NON_SEISMICALLY_DESIGNED_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_THROUGH_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPERS_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of RE-QUALIFICATION OF NON-SEISMICALLY DESIGNED EXISTING STRUCTURES THROUGH TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52729641/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32549036/RE_QUALIFICATION_OF_NON_SEISMICALLY_DESIGNED_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_THROUGH_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPERS_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY">RE-QUALIFICATION OF NON-SEISMICALLY DESIGNED EXISTING STRUCTURES THROUGH TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Existing medium height RC frame structures with masonry infill panels can be made earthquake safe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Existing medium height RC frame structures with masonry infill panels can be made earthquake safe by limiting the story drift to 0.2% and thereby ensuring compressive strut action of masonry panels in load resisting mechanism. The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. KEYWORDS: Story drift, effective damping ratio, mass ratio, effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8c6b4b5ec711afa0ea3bc0b8731c1006" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52729641,"asset_id":32549036,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52729641/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32549036"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32549036"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32549036; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32549036]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32549036]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32549036; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32549036']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8c6b4b5ec711afa0ea3bc0b8731c1006" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32549036]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32549036,"title":"RE-QUALIFICATION OF NON-SEISMICALLY DESIGNED EXISTING STRUCTURES THROUGH TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Existing medium height RC frame structures with masonry infill panels can be made earthquake safe by limiting the story drift to 0.2% and thereby ensuring compressive strut action of masonry panels in load resisting mechanism. The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. KEYWORDS: Story drift, effective damping ratio, mass ratio, effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio."},"translated_abstract":"Existing medium height RC frame structures with masonry infill panels can be made earthquake safe by limiting the story drift to 0.2% and thereby ensuring compressive strut action of masonry panels in load resisting mechanism. The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. KEYWORDS: Story drift, effective damping ratio, mass ratio, effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32549036/RE_QUALIFICATION_OF_NON_SEISMICALLY_DESIGNED_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_THROUGH_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPERS_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-04-20T19:58:20.823-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28588464,"work_id":32549036,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4042346,"email":"r***d@barc.gov.in","display_order":1,"name":"G. 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The tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD) is an effective system for reducing displacement response of structures. The TSWD based systems are sensitive to characteristics of host structures and excitations imposed. The single frequency TSWD systems can be optimally designed and executed for targeted response control of accurately assessed structures against well-defined excitations. The multiple frequency TSWD is a robust system for response control of approximately assessed structures against dynamic excitations. A simulated shake table experimental study has been conducted on a reduced scale model of an existing structure. A retrofitting regime for 25% displacement response reduction of the existing structure has been proposed with multiple frequency TSWD system mounted on its roof. The reduced response shall limit the story drift and ensure the compressive strut action of masonry panels. 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Its versatility is increasing with advent of knowledge, research and development. The radioisotope technology may be termed as of zero carbon emission. The green quotient of the technology further improves as it consumes some of the by- products of nuclear power technology. Application of radioisotope technology in all aspects of life requires even spread of radioisotope facilities. The equipments being used for various application of this technology require very precise and controlled application. The scientific, technical and engineering domain of this technology is still evolving.<br /> Constructions of such facilities are different from conventional buildings due to its environmental, health, commercial and strategic importance. Such constructions involve micrometer level accuracy and almost zero tolerances. These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. <br />Leak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed.      <br />The construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. <br />This paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. Planning, safety, quality and construction methodologies and innovations used at site with reference to better adoptability of the project has also been highlighted.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bdcf68bb9e2f002d946dfa047dff3d47" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35111303,"asset_id":8756645,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35111303/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8756645"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8756645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8756645; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8756645]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8756645]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8756645; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8756645']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bdcf68bb9e2f002d946dfa047dff3d47" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8756645]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8756645,"title":"DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHIELDED RADIOISOTOPE FACILITY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Radioisotope technology is applicable in medicine, agriculture, hydrology and various industries. Its versatility is increasing with advent of knowledge, research and development. The radioisotope technology may be termed as of zero carbon emission. The green quotient of the technology further improves as it consumes some of the by- products of nuclear power technology. Application of radioisotope technology in all aspects of life requires even spread of radioisotope facilities. The equipments being used for various application of this technology require very precise and controlled application. The scientific, technical and engineering domain of this technology is still evolving.\n Constructions of such facilities are different from conventional buildings due to its environmental, health, commercial and strategic importance. Such constructions involve micrometer level accuracy and almost zero tolerances. These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. \nLeak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed. \nThe construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. \nThis paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. Planning, safety, quality and construction methodologies and innovations used at site with reference to better adoptability of the project has also been highlighted. \n"},"translated_abstract":"Radioisotope technology is applicable in medicine, agriculture, hydrology and various industries. Its versatility is increasing with advent of knowledge, research and development. The radioisotope technology may be termed as of zero carbon emission. The green quotient of the technology further improves as it consumes some of the by- products of nuclear power technology. Application of radioisotope technology in all aspects of life requires even spread of radioisotope facilities. The equipments being used for various application of this technology require very precise and controlled application. The scientific, technical and engineering domain of this technology is still evolving.\n Constructions of such facilities are different from conventional buildings due to its environmental, health, commercial and strategic importance. Such constructions involve micrometer level accuracy and almost zero tolerances. These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. \nLeak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed. \nThe construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. \nThis paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. 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These issues are to be addressed in totality covering planning, material selection, construction methodology with a focus on final utility. \nLeak tight, corrosion free with minimal contamination probability construction of radio active zones is an area of concern, for which special lining methodology and site specific quality assurance measures have to be developed and adopted. Construction of hot cell and radio-activity related areas are a key activity in such facilities. The main construction material, in normal structures, is reinforced concrete and the same has to be utilised for making technology affordable. The needs for accurately positioning many special embedded parts and through pipes at various locations, with adequate radiation shielding provisions are challenges to be addressed. \nThe construction methodologies, techniques, special formwork systems etc. need special attention. The site specific measures and innovations to cope up the challenges encountered such as heat of hydration during concreting, and void-less dense concrete around fixtures also merit attention. The strict quality control measures adopted for a fail safe construction output and after construction serviceability of utility is of vital importance. \nThis paper briefly describes a recently constructed project in the light of prevailing guidelines for such structures. Planning, safety, quality and construction methodologies and innovations used at site with reference to better adoptability of the project has also been highlighted. \n","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":35111303,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35111303/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Paper-Const.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35111303/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_SHIELDED_RADI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35111303/Paper-Const-libre.pdf?1413231593=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_SHIELDED_RADI.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=bHKZiw-JmF8G2Zx~E4Wr-9T9mo9KMga90SBT4k03IWCjCS0PP00K9wTEuWADyDz5rq9Y190DTVODV-RXmn6SSz43b~g-3Re5znCVOmhvLyeVemhK2bsYHE8LukDL2sg7E8QOhn2avfs1S0C8m9ZQdm9FBRh36x7Ko4pKWGq7HZD-hVVJ9o-0-2Bu01HLCO46TfmFP5EWXoZno6gXzTtj2Vt8kYA~9N3WDIwCSnIUpVSfTzpE2asCaRV0nHaDDgE8GDktL-Q9OraOeDzL~vF~EPHlsc37Gkvgv7990ilUNDe-Zf4cbhzal6x4S1uJYfi3885gaa9mexCYPkrnafjffA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4720,"name":"Radiation Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8756645-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536746"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536746/MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MONSOON MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SUSTAINABILITY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912620/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536746/MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY">MONSOON MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SUSTAINABILITY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-proj...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.<br />Water for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.<br />Water for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.<br />This paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fe4e5395e71403d528be35c287f34f80" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912620,"asset_id":8536746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912620/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536746]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536746']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fe4e5395e71403d528be35c287f34f80" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536746]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536746,"title":"MONSOON MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SUSTAINABILITY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.\nWater for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.\nWater for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.\nThis paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested. \n"},"translated_abstract":"The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.\nWater for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.\nWater for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.\nThis paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested. \n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536746/MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T13:20:44.361-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912620,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912620/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"monsoon_management.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912620/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912620/monsoon_management.doc?1738123615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=SX6logARkVM~X4igRWzHrQq3UQZHlOfE8a6zohUT~hsSuEzM2YyI8oGHwQDPuC3B3kihbDruAzHmf52pmXQlrfnl7AHwOzSma19gBcZ6BSFI8MlTDm-aDjom56QIRgZBTE0aRGKJnpmRN~2BBkeq9PBxbLIY1wkGp8LT24LQ3GbraeoQJ6x02vTgTrFgnPbCwbYgx1gzJYzWJtZ7bGn0WHPc0YYrgqQp4FUlqI~0Ub9KGTS49AGdhdLWLHz6vpRPq~4Qp3ckj6wf4pnbLSZ8~dh3BCN3rdl9ai~7ptCNMsb4agRwDjl~TJIrTk0mygmJ0hG7pG-A5h4i~YmzN8JNNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABILITY","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The importance of water has attracted attention of our development planners and various mega-projects have come in existence. But after considering, environmental cost, non-volunteered rehabilitation of affected people, pricing of water thus procured, sustenance of such large projects is doubtful.\nWater for domestic consumption is an essential right of society, which must be over-secured. However cost of such water infra-structure can be optimally reduced by combining it with other infrastructure projects.\nWater for achieving food security, is another major concern. This goal may be achieved through an alternative methodology. It in-volves re-grading of cultivation fields and creating a formation to retain major part of monsoon rainfall in the field itself. This will make availability of captive water to the farmer for longer duration resulting in increased farm utilization and crop yield.\nThis paper tries to substantiate the above mentioned points with the help of statistical data and mathematical calculations for three agro-climatic zones - Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, and Gujarat. A solution for Water problem of Delhi has also been suggested. \n","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912620,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912620/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"monsoon_management.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912620/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"MONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912620/monsoon_management.doc?1738123615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMONSOON_MANAGEMENT_FOR_WATER_SUSTAINABIL.doc\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=SX6logARkVM~X4igRWzHrQq3UQZHlOfE8a6zohUT~hsSuEzM2YyI8oGHwQDPuC3B3kihbDruAzHmf52pmXQlrfnl7AHwOzSma19gBcZ6BSFI8MlTDm-aDjom56QIRgZBTE0aRGKJnpmRN~2BBkeq9PBxbLIY1wkGp8LT24LQ3GbraeoQJ6x02vTgTrFgnPbCwbYgx1gzJYzWJtZ7bGn0WHPc0YYrgqQp4FUlqI~0Ub9KGTS49AGdhdLWLHz6vpRPq~4Qp3ckj6wf4pnbLSZ8~dh3BCN3rdl9ai~7ptCNMsb4agRwDjl~TJIrTk0mygmJ0hG7pG-A5h4i~YmzN8JNNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":20160,"name":"Agricultural Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Water_Management"},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering"},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":34760,"name":"Irrigation water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_water_Management"},{"id":40032,"name":"Monsoon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monsoon"},{"id":77722,"name":"Urban Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Water_Management"},{"id":140523,"name":"Indian summer monsoon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_summer_monsoon"},{"id":373172,"name":"Indian monsoon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_monsoon"},{"id":962698,"name":"Simulation of Deficit Irrigation on Crops Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation_of_Deficit_Irrigation_on_Crops_Production"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536746-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536398"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536398/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536398/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting">Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial pro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant<br />frequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="50a7b686d4ff6d98804865cd1c15d0e0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912347,"asset_id":8536398,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912347/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536398"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536398"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536398; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536398]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536398]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536398; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536398']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "50a7b686d4ff6d98804865cd1c15d0e0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536398]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536398,"title":"Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant\nfrequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed."},"translated_abstract":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant\nfrequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536398/Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:54:32.063-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38324899,"work_id":8536398,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4042346,"email":"r***d@barc.gov.in","display_order":0,"name":"G. Reddy","title":"Tuned Liquid Sloshing Water Damper: A Robust Device for Seismic Retrofitting"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912347,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912347/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"paper-4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912347/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912347/paper-4-libre.pdf?1411933825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=G5ODAIAYagLDDOG-QytzNLfiGSOfvZStpsotEenVX5yAam8ajZXwizY~Fvmf3z7c-~uDu5auLf5Zh3gPBZ5nzuMuYhO0f5d45TiILIlbzECI67t2DyiAknWxbVTiMAZWduo0RVPr~NQgehIiN-TKEt-nnuUCPYcvXHB179swlckkarwxzkEjwbVEWCwUMaA20SNr8EwxYErhn5SlIN-qGa4PQYqTNOcs~dGHdSVF89f4WowpKznZUZdEfcbe36eHeOFzTTKrNqvoHD933qGQrgTxKnBttxrfEFyrvdKvAZjP2YvQIpYoD-4pd7~aoxAxQ3gSNuf671FkdzIFj3SyuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Robust_Device_for_Seismic_Retrofitting","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The medium height, RC framed, masonry infilled, existing structures (ES) houses a substantial proportion of population and economic activities world-wide. These structures may be retrofitted against vibratory forces by restricting their displacement response through energy dissipation with tuned sloshing water damper (TSWD). The parameters of TSWD are dependent on structural displacement and its performance is sensitive to its tuning with ES. For well-defined structures and excitations the single frequency TSWD (STSWD) retrofitting system is a very efficient device. For approximately assessed structures subjected to broad band excitations the STSWD system may be replaced by multiple frequency TSWD (MTSWD) system and more robust performance is achieved. The concept has been explained with example of retrofitting proposal of an existing four story building (ES). The TSWD parameters and retrofitting system has been designed theoretically and subsequently verified through shake table simulated experiments. An experimental study has been conducted with a reduced scale model (SM) having dynamic similitude with ES mounted with three acrylic boxes exactly similar to that to be used as TSWD. The simulated testing has been conducted on ES in coupling with TSWD for three discrete frequencies representing the first mode frequency of the ES for three different structural conditions. The performances of the STSWD and MTSWD system, with mass ratio equivalence, have been observed and compared against resonant\nfrequency harmonic excitation and earthquake excitation. An execution scheme of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES has also been proposed.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912347,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912347/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"paper-4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912347/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912347/paper-4-libre.pdf?1411933825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuned_Liquid_Sloshing_Water_Damper_A_Rob.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=G5ODAIAYagLDDOG-QytzNLfiGSOfvZStpsotEenVX5yAam8ajZXwizY~Fvmf3z7c-~uDu5auLf5Zh3gPBZ5nzuMuYhO0f5d45TiILIlbzECI67t2DyiAknWxbVTiMAZWduo0RVPr~NQgehIiN-TKEt-nnuUCPYcvXHB179swlckkarwxzkEjwbVEWCwUMaA20SNr8EwxYErhn5SlIN-qGa4PQYqTNOcs~dGHdSVF89f4WowpKznZUZdEfcbe36eHeOFzTTKrNqvoHD933qGQrgTxKnBttxrfEFyrvdKvAZjP2YvQIpYoD-4pd7~aoxAxQ3gSNuf671FkdzIFj3SyuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536398-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536325"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536325/WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of WATER AS ENERGY ABSORBER TO CONTROL THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURES" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912138/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536325/WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES">WATER AS ENERGY ABSORBER TO CONTROL THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURES</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with maso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.<br />The central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.<br />The existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. <br />The analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.<br />The process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.<br />Two non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.<br />Since the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. <br />The required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.<br />From experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. <br />This research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-8536325-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-8536325-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290924/figure-1-effect-of-damping-ratio-on-structural-response-for"><img alt="Figure 1.2 Effect of damping ratio on structural response (for concrete structures) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290995/figure-10-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290996/figure-1-friction-pendulum-base-isolation-system"><img alt="Figure 1.9 Friction pendulum base isolation system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290999/figure-1-fixed-base-and-base-isolated-subjected-to-actual"><img alt="Figure 1.10 Fixed base and base isolated subjected to actual earthquakes Guwahati " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291003/figure-1-the-active-control-systems-essentially-consists"><img alt="The active control systems essentially consists passive energy dissipating devices for sensing the dynamic response and actuators for applying the balancing force. They act simultaneously with the hazardous excitation to provide balancing force mechanism and thereby enhanced structural behaviour for improved service and safety. Schematically such systems may be presented as in Fig. 1.13. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291161/figure-2-mechanical-model-of-liquid-sloshing-in-rectangular"><img alt="Figure 2.9 Mechanical model of liquid sloshing in rectangular tank with damping " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291895/figure-103-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_103.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291905/figure-104-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_104.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290944/figure-1-engineering-process-of-retrofit-decision-making"><img alt="Figure 1.3 Engineering process of retrofit decision making " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290954/figure-1-section-enlargement-of-the-over-stressed-structural"><img alt="section enlargement of the over stressed structural members through jacketing (Newman, 2001). The retrofitting of a structure through jacketing is shown in Fig. 1.4. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290965/figure-1-surface-prepartion-of-beams-and-columns"><img alt="Surface prepartion of beams and columns Figure 1.5 Retrofitting by carbon fibre wrapping of columns and beams " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291530/figure-70-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290972/figure-6-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290979/figure-7-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290985/figure-1-effect-of-addition-of-structural-members-on-the"><img alt="Figure 1.6 Effect of addition of structural members on the lateral load carrying capacity of the structures Over all structural strength can also be increased by incorporating new structural members in the load resisting mechanism of the structure such as addition of shear wall and diagonal braces. The additional shear wall and bracings have resulted in increase in lateral load carrying capacity of the structures as shown in Fig. 1.6 (Sugano, 1989). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290989/figure-9-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5290910/figure-1-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291434/table-3-with-the-tswds-retrofitting-system-as-proposed-in"><img alt="With the TSWDs retrofitting system as proposed in table-3.14 the total sloshing mass of 9763 kg is proposed for 1.1% mass ratio. The DMF, of ES without retrofitting subjected to resonant harmonic excitation for the condition # =1 with 3% damping ratio is 16.67. The DMF, of the existing structure having different first mode frequencies ranging from 1.13 to 1.8, but retrofitted with same set of MTSWD system as mentioned in table-3.14 is evaluated by equations 2.51 to 2.53. The effectiveness ratio of the retrofitting system for each frequency is determined from equation 3.6 and plotted in Fig. 3.22. Figure 3.22 Effectiveness of MTSWD retrofitting system for ES subjected to resonant harmonic excitation " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291443/figure-4-experimental-setup-with-tswd-mounted-scaled-model"><img alt="Figure 4.2 Experimental setup with TSWD mounted scaled model (SM) on shake table " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291451/figure-4-structural-skeleton-of-scaled-model-sm"><img alt="Figure 4.1 Structural Skeleton of Scaled Model (SM) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292821/figure-4-the-acrylic-box-of-mm-xmm-plan-and-mm-depth-have"><img alt="The acrylic box of 370mm x370mm plan and 200mm depth have been used as TSWD and fixed at the location of (TL-1). Due to increase in mass ratio the amplitude decay was very fast with these TSWDs as evident in Fig. 4.35 and Fig. 4.38. The parameters thus obtained are tabulated in table 5.9. 5.7.2 Forced vibration test " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292828/table-41-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291010/figure-14-the-semi-active-systems-have-been-developed-to"><img alt="The semi-active systems have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of large space requirement of a passive systems and high energy demands of active system. In this approach a passive device is installed in the structure and its properties are tuned to the optimum level as per the real time excitation signals generated by structure. In these types of systems energy demand is less as compared to active systems. At the same time installation is easy and workable in comparison of passive systems. Schematically semi- active control svstems mav be presented as shown in Fia.1.14. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291016/figure-1-structure-with-hybrid-control-system-structural"><img alt="Figure 1.15 Structure with hybrid control system Structural control systems are not generic in nature, implying that any one type of control system may not be most effective measure in all types of dynamic excitations. Hence, applying more than one type of structural control methodology to the structures is thought to be more effective and robust. In this concept a combination of more than one type of systems acts simultaneously to restrict the structural response. Schematically such systems may be presented as in Fig. 1.15. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291020/figure-1-hybrid-control-with-duox-system"><img alt="Figure 1.16 Hybrid control with Duox system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291024/figure-1-metallic-yield-dampers-the-initial-designs-of-the"><img alt="Figure 1.17 Metallic yield dampers The initial designs of the devices for this purpose used mild steel plates with hourglass (Whittaker-1991) or triangular (Tsai-1993) shapes, as shown in Fig. 1.17. The hourglass or triangular shape of the plates ensures that strain is spread almost uniformly throughout the material and resulting in simultaneous yielding. These dampers are also known as Elasto-plastic dampers (EPDs). The damper consists of multiple yielding plates and may sustain many cycles of stable yielding deformation (Satish et al, 2002), resulting in high levels of energy dissipation or damping. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291029/figure-1-lead-extrusion-damper-led-shown-in-works-on-the"><img alt="Lead extrusion damper (LED) shown in Fig. 1.18 works on the principle of extrusion of lead. LED absorbs vibration energy by plastic deformation of lead and thereby mechanical energy is converted to heat. On being extruded, lead re-crystallizes immediately and recovers its original mechanical properties before next extrusion (Parulekar et al, 2004). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291037/figure-1-the-viscoelastic-dampers-veds-consist-of-layers-of"><img alt="The viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) consist of layers of VE material (copolymers or glassy substances) bonded with steel plates (Fig.1.20). The structural vibration causes relative motion between central plate and outer steel flanges. The vibration energy is dissipated through shear deformation of VE material sandwiched between steel plates. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291046/figure-20-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291054/figure-21-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291058/figure-22-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291063/figure-1-schematic-weeeniiialiat-of-tld-on-structures-actual"><img alt="Schematic weeeniiialiat of TLD on structures Actual execution on One Rincon Hill. San Francisco A TSWD is simplest form of TLD. It consists of a rigid vessel holding a given mass of water placed at the top of the building. The water contained in the vessel is tuned to slosh at the natural frequency of the primary structure, thereby causing absorption of a part of seismic energy, to restrict the structural response. One such installation and indicative sketch is shown in Fig.1.24. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291069/figure-24-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291076/figure1-1-schematic-of-atlcd-on-single-degree-of-freedom"><img alt="Figure1.25 Schematic of aTLCD on a single degree of freedom system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291085/figure-26-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291095/figure-27-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291104/figure-2-buildings-structures-with-tuned-liquid-damper"><img alt="Figure 2.3 Buildings/ structures with Tuned Liquid Damper installations EN One Wall Centre, Vancouver is a 157.8 m high 48 story building constructed in 2001. At the top of the 48-storey it houses two tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs), each consisting of water tanks 16 m long x 4.5 m wide x about 8 m tall, extending nearly the full width of the tower. Within each tank is a long horizontal chamber at the bottom and two columns of water at each end. Each TLCD consists of 230 ton of water tank tuned to the frequencies of the structure. The TLCDs are oriented across the narrow aspect of the building. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291108/figure-2-equivalent-mechanical-models-of-sloshing-the-main"><img alt="Figure 2.5 Equivalent mechanical models of sloshing The main dynamic effect of lateral sloshing is the horizontal oscillation of the centre of mass (CM) of the liquid relative to the tank. This effect can be equally well represented by any of the two equivalent mechanical models shown in Fig.2.5 (a) or Fig. 2.5 (b). In the Fig. 2.5(a), a pendulum represents the oscillation of centre of mass (CM) of the liquid, while in Fig.2.5(b) a mass on a spring represents it. Both models give the same forces, and show that a lateral motion of the tank causes the pendulum or sprung mass to oscillate relative to the tank, representing liquid sloshing. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291120/figure-2-fundamental-anti-symmetric-wave-sloshing-in-moving"><img alt="Figure 2.4 Fundamental anti-symmetric wave (sloshing) in a moving tank In a partially filled tank under oscillation the standing wave is formed on the surface of a liquid as shown schematically in Fig.2.4. The standing wave moves up one side of the tank and down the other; then the up half-wave moves down and the down half-wave moves up, and so on. Fig. 2.4 shows one half of a complete standing wave that has one peak and one valley. This is the fundamental anti-symmetric wave, and it has the lowest natural frequency. The natural frequency of wave motion depends on the tank shape under constant gravitational acceleration. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291123/figure-2-coordinate-system-for-the-derivation-of-basic-slosh"><img alt="Figure 2.6 Coordinate system for the derivation of basic slosh equation The basic differential equations and boundary conditions for lateral sloshing are expressed in a Cartesian x,y,z coordinate system, as shown in Fig. 2.6. For a general case, the tank has a translational oscillation along the x and y axes, pitch and yaw oscillations about the x and y axes, and a roll oscillation about the z axis. For sake of clarity, Fig. 2.6 shows only one angular oscillation ay and a roll excitation o,. The x, y, z coordinate system is attached to moving tank, whereas the inertial X, Y and Z coordinate system is stationary. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291136/figure-32-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291150/figure-2-equivalent-mechanical-models-for-liquid-sloshing-in"><img alt="Figure 2.8 Equivalent mechanical models for liquid sloshing in rectangular tank The equations of motion of oscillating point masses and rigid bodies can be included more easily in the analysis than the equations of fluid dynamics. Hence for the purposes of incorporating the dynamic effects of sloshing on a structural system it is convenient to replace the liquid conceptually by an equivalent linear mechanical system as shown in Fig. 2.0(a) and Fig. 2.5(b). The parameters of the mechanical model for a tank with rigid walls depend only on the tank shape and the liquid properties, and not on the type of excitation imposed on the tank. Fig.2.8 illustrates the kind of equivalent mechanical models which can replace the mathematical analysis. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291173/figure-35-tuned-mass-dampers-introductory-concept-briefing"><img alt="2.6.1 Tuned mass dampers: introductory concept briefing A tuned mass damper (TMD) is a device consisting of a mass, a spring, and a damper that is attached to a structure in order to reduce its dynamic response. The frequency of the damper is tuned to a predominant particular structural frequency (generally first mode frequency) so that when tuned frequency is excited, the damper will resonate out of phase with the structural motion. Energy is dissipated by the damper inertia force acting against the structural motion. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291187/figure-2-tmd-and-structure-presented-as-two-mass-systems"><img alt="Figure 2.11 TMD and Structure presented as two mass systems " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291203/figure-2-boundary-layer-conditions-of-tswd-as-considered-by"><img alt="Figure 2.12 Boundary layer conditions of a TSWD as considered by Sun Sun et al. (1995) conducted experiments to estimate the nonlinearities that are inherent in TSWD behaviour. The critical parameters such as natural frequency and damping ratio of the TSWD are amplitude dependant. The amplitude dependant parameters have been determined empirically and have been incorporated in the linear TMD- structure interaction equations. The model introduced by Sun considers wave breaking under large excitations by means of two empirical coefficients. The summary of this model is presented in following paragraphs. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291218/figure-2-schematic-of-single-degree-of-freedom-system-with"><img alt="Figure 2.13 Schematic of a single degree of freedom system with TSWD attached " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291226/figure-39-yu-modelled-the-tswd-as-solid-mass-damper-with"><img alt="Yu (1999) modelled the TSWD as a solid mass damper with stiffness and damping varying with excitation amplitude. This mechanical model can capture the behaviour of the TSWD in a broad range of excitation amplitudes and has been accepted as a TSWD desigr tool. An equivalent TMD having Nonlinear-Stiffness-Damping (NSD) is proposed through an energy matching procedure when the dissipated energy by the equivalent TMD is matched with that of the TSWD. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291235/figure-2-sloshingslamming-model-for-sloshing-water-damper"><img alt="Figure 2.15 Sloshing—slamming model for sloshing water damper proposed by Yalla " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291243/figure-2-tuned-sloshing-water-dampers-with-baffles-screens"><img alt="Figure 2.16 Tuned sloshing water dampers with baffles/ screens " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291254/figure-42-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291257/figure-2-the-host-structure-to-be-retrofitted-is-represented"><img alt="The host structure to be retrofitted is represented as a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and the retrofitting device is multiple TSWD system as shown in Fig. 2.18. Figure 2.18 Multiple tuned sloshing water dampers (MTSWD) attached to SDOF structure 2.8.1 Analytical approach for Multiple frequency TSW Ds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291269/figure-3-rc-frame-buildings-structures-with-masonry-infill"><img alt="Figure 3.1 RC frame buildings / structures with masonry infill and overhead tank " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291275/figure-45-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291283/figure-46-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291289/figure-3-masonry-lay-out-of-existing-structure-masonry-with"><img alt="Figure 3.4 Masonry lay out of existing structure masonry with openings for access, operation and ventilation is shown in Fig. 3.4. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291296/figure-3-equivalent-diagonal-strut-equivalent-diagonal-strut"><img alt="Figure 3.5 Equivalent diagonal strut equivalent diagonal strut ‘was’ is determined on the basis of formulations given by Holmes (Holmes,1961). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291301/figure-3-displacement-of-structure-under-different-load"><img alt="Figure 3.6 Displacement of structure under different load cases along Z axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291310/figure-3-single-degree-of-freedom-structure-with-tsw"><img alt="Figure 3.7 Single degree of freedom structure with TSW D " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291316/figure-3-effect-of-damper-parameters-on-retrofitting"><img alt="Figure 3.8 Effect of damper parameters on retrofitting performance for the condition of f=/ The structural response will be maximum under resonant frequency excitation, i.e ‘or the condition of G=/ or we ~ ws. For an ES of 3% damping ratio, coupled with TSWD subjected to resonant harmonic excitations, the sweep curves have been plotted in Fig. 3.8. 3.7.1 TSWD system subjected to resonant harmonic frequency vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291319/figure-3-effect-of-damper-parameters-on-retrofitting"><img alt="Figure 3.9 Effect of damper parameters on retrofitting performance for the condition of f=1 For a typical ES of 3% structural damping ratio, coupled with TSWD, the sweep curves for tuned conditions (f=1 or wa ~ ws) have been plotted in Fig.3.9, for performance visualisation with respect to excitation frequency. The dominating influence of excitation frequency on overall retrofitting performance of the TSWD system is reflected. As can be seen from the Fig. 3.8 and Fig.3.9 the damping ratio of the dampers affects its performance. The dampers of low damping ratio are sensitive to tuning and frequency ratio. The dampers of high damping ratio are robust and effective over wider frequency range. The practical and desired range of mass ratio is 1% to 3% and that of damper damping ratio is 10% to 20%. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291322/figure-3-deformed-shape-of-es-along-axis"><img alt="Figure 3.10 Deformed shape of ES along Z axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291325/figure-54-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291330/figure-3-variation-of-structural-response-reduction-with"><img alt="Figure 3.12(a) Variation of structural response reduction with tuning ratio along Z axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291334/figure-56-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291341/figure-3-two-such-plots-for-and-structural-damping-ratio-are"><img alt="Two such plots for 3% and 5% structural damping ratio are plotted as shown in Fig. 3.13 and Fig. 3.14. As can be seen from plots of Fig. 3.13 and Fig. 3.14, for ES-TSWD coupling idealised as linear two degree of freedom system, in tuned condition (f =1), subjected to resonant harmonic excitation (f = 1) the effective damping ratio is directly proportional to mass ratio. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291347/figure-3-effective-damping-ratio-of-es-of-with-dampers-of"><img alt="Figure 3.14 Effective damping ratio of ES of é, =5% with dampers of different 4 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291352/figure-59-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291359/figure-60-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291370/figure-3-effectiveness-ratio-chart-of-tswd-system-for"><img alt="Figure 3.17 Effectiveness ratio chart of TSWD system for structures of 5% damping ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291384/figure-62-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291395/figure-3-effectiveness-ratio-chart-of-tswd-system-for"><img alt="Figure 3.19 Effectiveness ratio chart of TSWD system for structures of 8% damping ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291415/figure-3-effectiveness-ratio-chart-of-tswd-system-for"><img alt="Figure 3.20 Effectiveness ratio chart of TSWD system for structures of 10% damping ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291426/figure-65-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291509/figure-4-amplitude-decay-of-bare-sm-under-free-vibration"><img alt="Figure 4.3 Amplitude decay of bare SM under free vibration (test Id 6) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291541/figure-71-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291550/figure-4-amplitude-decay-of-sm-tswd-coupling-with-mm-water"><img alt="Figure 4.6 Amplitude decay of SM;-TSWD coupling with 20 mm water at optimum length (test Id 14) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291557/figure-4-for-input-base-excitation-amplitude-ape-of-mm-with"><img alt="For input base excitation amplitude (Ape) of 0.75mm with 1.18% mass ratio the eduction in maximum cyclic displacement of SM, is 37.5 % as shown in Fig.4.7. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291567/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.8 SM, -TSWD coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 20/iv & 36) reduction in maximum cyclic displacement of SM, is 35.5 % as shown in Fig.4.8. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291575/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.9 SM; -TSWD coupling subjected to 0.75mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 21/iii and 45) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291583/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.10 SM; -TSWD coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 21/iv and 46) SM.¢—TSWD subjected to harmonic excitations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291593/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.12 SM, -TSWD coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 22/iv and 62) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291598/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal-base"><img alt="Figure 4.11 SM, -TSWD coupling subjected to 0.75mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 22/iii and 61) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291611/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-centro-ground-motion"><img alt="Figure 4.13 SM,4-TSWD coupling subjected to E] Centro ground motion (N-S component) (test Id 65-b and 65) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291618/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-el-centro-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.14 SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id 66-b & 66) The above described test procedure is repeated E-W component of El Centro ground motion time history with maximum acceleration of 0.07g. The maximum displacement of 15.89mm has been recorded for bare SM, (test Id 66-b). The maximum displacement of SM4-TSWD235xg0 coupling with 1.18% mass ratio has been recorded as 14.79mm designated as test Id-66. The vibration profiles of the tests are shown in Fig. 4.14. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291625/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.15 SM.-TSWD coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 67-b & 67) maximum displacement response as has been observed and vibration profile designated as test Id 67 is shown in Fig. 4.15. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291634/figure-82-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291649/figure-4-the-bare-sm-has-been-subjected-to-component-of-el"><img alt="The bare SM; has been subjected to E-W component of El Centro ground motion with maximum acceleration intensity of 0.07g. Figure 4.17 SM;-TSWD coupling subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id 69-b and 69) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291664/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.18 SM;-TSWD coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 70-b and 70) The bare SM; (no water in TSWDs) has been subjected to BIS:1893 compatible time history (test Id 70-b) with maximum acceleration of 0.075g. The maximum displacement of 14.55mm has been recorded. The test has been repeated with 80mm water filled in all the three TSWD 2¢0xg0, resulting in a SM5-TSW Do¢oxg0 coupling of 1.16% mass ratio (test Id 70). The maximum displacement of SMs5-TSWD2o¢oxg0 coupling has been recorded as 11.89mm. An overall reduction of 18.3% in maximum displacement response has been observed. The vibration profile designated as test Id 70-b and test Id-70, is shown in Fig. 4.18. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_084.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291677/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-centro-ground-motion"><img alt="Figure 4.19 SM¢-TSWD coupling subjected to E] Centro ground motion (N-S component) (test Id 71-b and 71) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_085.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291683/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-el-centro-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.20 SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id 72-b and 72) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_086.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291692/figure-4-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible-ground"><img alt="Figure 4.21 SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 73-b and 73) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_087.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291702/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.22 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM, subjectec to El Centro ground motion (N-S component), (test Id. 65-b, 75 & 80) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_088.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291711/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.23 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM, subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component), (test Id. 66-b, 76 & 81) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_089.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291728/figure-90-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_090.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291749/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.25 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected 1.48Hz sinusoidal base excitation of 0.75 mm amplitude (test Id. 21/iii, 83 & 87) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_091.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291774/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.26 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjectec to El Centro ground motion (N-S component) (test Id. 68-b, 84 & 88) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_092.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291788/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.27 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected to El Centro ground motion (E-W component) (test Id. 69-b, 85 & 89) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_093.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291804/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.28 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test no. 70-b, 86 & 90) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_094.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291813/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.29 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM¢ subjected to El Centro ground motion (N-S component), (test Id. 71-b, 92 and 96) The displacement profiles of SMg subjected to broad band earthquake excitations vave been plotted as Fig. 4.29, 4.30 and 4.31for performance comparison. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_095.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291825/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.30 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM¢ subjected to El Centro ground motion (N-S component), (test Id. 72-b, 93 and 97) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_096.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291840/figure-4-performance-comparison-of-stswd-and-mtswd-system"><img alt="Figure 4.31 Performance comparison of STSWD and MTSWD system with SM; subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion, (test Id. 73-b, 93 and 98) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_097.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291853/figure-4-effective-damping-ratio-of-smy-tswd-with-mm-water"><img alt="Figure 4.32 Effective damping ratio ‘&’ of SMy2-TSWD with 80 mm water depth (test Id 100 and 103) The size searches of TSWDs along X direction, with SMy1, SMy2 and SM,3 were done for 80mm water depth only. The acrylic box used as TSWD was of 370mm x370mm plan and 120mm depth fixed at the location of (TL-1). The TSWD sizes normal to axis of vibration has been kept as determined from earlier tests for respective structural conditions and corresponding SMs (test Id 9 for SMg, test Id 12 for SMs and test Id 15 for SMg). As has been done along the Z direction, the optimum dimensions of TSWDs along X axis are also determined for a condition of fastest decay of vibration amplitude. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_098.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291858/figure-99-igure-sm-tsw-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal"><img alt="‘igure 4.34 SM. —TSW D529 coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal base excitation (test Id 108 & 116) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_099.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291866/figure-100-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_100.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291872/figure-101-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_101.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291883/figure-4-sm-tsw-dxx-coupling-subjected-to-mm-sinusoidal"><img alt="Figure 4.36 SM —TSW D275x280x160 coupling subjected to 1.0 mm sinusoidal excitation (test Id 20/iii and 122) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_102.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291910/figure-4-sm-tsw-dxx-coupling-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 4.40 SM;-TSW D350x350x160 coupling subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 70-b and 126) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_105.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291923/figure-106-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_106.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291933/figure-5-amplitude-decay-of-bare-sm-under-free-vibration"><img alt="Figure 5.2 Amplitude decay of bare SM; under free vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_107.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291945/figure-5-sm-ws-for-every-free-vibration-observation"><img alt="SM, 1.€. ws ~ @a. For every free vibration observation effective damping ratio ‘’ of SM-TSWD coupling is determined by logarithmic decrement method. The length of the TSWD causing fastest decay of vibration amplitude gives maximum value of ‘é’. This size has been considered to be as optimum size of the TSWD, implying perfect tuning of TSWD with SM, 1.€. ws = @a. Figure 5.3 Size search for maximum effective damping ratio ‘&’ of SMs-TSWD with 80 mm water depth " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_108.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291962/figure-5-effective-damping-ratio-with-respect-to-mass-ratio"><img alt="Figure 5.4 Effective damping ratio ‘¢.’ with respect to mass ratio under free vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_109.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291977/figure-110-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_110.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5291988/figure-5-effective-damping-ratio-of-sm-tswd-coupling"><img alt="Figure 5.6 Effective damping ratio of SM-TSWD coupling subjected to resonant harmonic base excitation of 1.0mm. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_111.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292000/figure-5-tswd-proposed-for-final-testing-of-sm-mtswd"><img alt="Figure 5.7 TSWD.,, proposed for final testing of SM-MTSWD coupling " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_112.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292012/figure-5-layout-of-tswd-mounted-on-sm-oriented-along"><img alt="Figure 5.8 Layout of TSWD,, mounted on SM oriented along Z " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_113.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292021/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.9 Performance of SM,- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (N-S component) (test Id 65-b and 127) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_114.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292032/figure-5-performance-of-smy-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.11 Performance of SMy- TSWD,, subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 67-b and 129) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_115.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292041/figure-116-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_116.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292052/figure-5-performance-of-sms-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.12 Performance of SMs- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (N-S component) (test Id 68-b and 130) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_117.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292062/figure-5-performance-of-sms-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.13 Performance of SMs- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 69-band 131) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_118.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292069/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.14 Performance of SM;- TSWD,, subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 70-b and 132) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_119.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292076/figure-120-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_120.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292082/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.16 Performance of SM¢- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 72-b and 134) Figure 5.17 Performance of SMg- TSWD,, subjected to BIS: 1893 compatible ground motion (test Id 73-b and 135) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_121.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292090/figure-122-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_122.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292099/figure-123-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_123.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292106/figure-5-layout-of-tswd-on-sm-oriented-along-the-mtswd"><img alt="Figure 5.18 Layout of TSWD,x on SM oriented along X The MTSWD system along X axis has been designed with linearly distributed mass ratio system (LDMRS) with central frequency of 1.47 Hz, tuned with SM,» (refer table 4.13 and table 4.14). The range frequency TSWDs have been tuned with SM,z.5 and SMs5.¢. The water mass of 40% has been allocated to central frequency of 1.47 Hz and balance 60% is divided equally in range frequency TSWDs. The TSWD combination is designated as TSWD,x. The distribution of water mass of 16.78 kg between these TSW Ds is mentioned in table 5.18. The orientation and location of TSW Ds for shake table tests along X direction is shown in Fig. 5.18. MTSWD system along X axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_124.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292109/figure-5-performance-of-smy-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.20 Performance of SMy:- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 137 and 140) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_125.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292116/figure-126-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_126.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292123/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.21 Performance of SM,;- TSWD,x subjected to BIS compatible ground motior (test Id 138 and 141) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_127.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292135/figure-128-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_128.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292144/figure-5-performance-of-smx-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.23 Performance of SMx.- TSWD,, subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 143 and 146) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_129.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292148/figure-130-igure-performance-of-smyo-tswd-subjected-to-bis"><img alt="‘igure 5.24 Performance of SMyo-TSWD,, subjected to BIS compatible ground motion (test Id 144 and 147) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_130.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292156/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-el-centro"><img alt="Figure 5.26 Performance of SM,3-TSWD,,x subjected to El Centro (E-W component) (test Id 149 and 152) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_131.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292163/figure-5-performance-of-sm-tswd-subjected-to-bis-compatible"><img alt="Figure 5.27 Performance of SM,3-TSWD,x subjected to BIS compatible ground motion (test Id 150 and 153) The effectiveness ratio of SM-MTSWD couplings subjected to various ground motions are plotted with respect to SM frequencies in Fig. 5.28. The effectiveness of the proposed MTSWD system for all frequencies of SM subjected to broad band ground motion shall lie somewhere in shaded area of the plot in Fig. 5.28. It may be noted that more than 25% effectiveness of MTSWD retrofitting system is achievable for a frequency range of 1.33 Hz to 1.72 Hz in all types of excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_132.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292174/figure-133-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_133.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292190/figure-5-overhead-tank-of-es-converted-into-tsw"><img alt="Figure 5.29 Overhead tank of ES converted into TSW D335;335 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_134.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292200/figure-5-details-of-the-proposed-tswd-cluster"><img alt="Figure 5.30 Details of the proposed TSWD cluster " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_135.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292214/figure-136-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_136.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292226/figure-137-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_137.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292233/figure-138-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_138.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292243/figure-2-tswd-is-simplest-form-of-tld-it-consists-of-rigid"><img alt="A TSWD is simplest form of TLD. It consists of a rigid vessel holding a given mass of water placed at the top of the building (Fig. 2). The vessel and its content, under dynamic excitation, are tuned to slosh at the prime frequency of the host structure. A part of the seismic energy imparted on ES is dissipated through sloshing, resulting in overall reduced response of the structure. Properties of tuned sloshing water dampers " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_139.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292259/figure-140-im-uf-ap-im-peak"><img alt="IM =2 B+ {uf aP)IM(f- 6)? +4 Peak} " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_140.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292267/figure-141-dmf-re-im"><img alt="DMF, = 1/(RE? + IM 2)°° " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_141.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292276/figure-142-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_142.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292282/figure-5-dynamic-response-reduction-of-es-with-single-and"><img alt="Figure 5 Dynamic response reduction of ES with single and multiple TSW D The design of the retrofitted ES-TSWD coupling is governed by equations (5-a), (5- b) and (5-c). Mutual tuning of ES and TSWD is vital but difficult to achieve due to approximations involved in assessment of dynamic properties of ES. These approximations may lead to detuned and erroneous design of the TSWD and less effective response control performance of the retrofitting system. The detuning may be defined as percentage difference between ws and wa. The problem of detuning may be addressed by extending the concept of multiple mass dampers (MMDs) to TSWDs. (Sadek et al., 1998). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_143.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292298/figure-6-for-known-values-of-and-the-effectiveness-of-tswd"><img alt="For known values of é;, éa, and « the effectiveness of TSWD depends on the mutual tuning of ES and TSWD. Performance charts in terms of effectiveness vs mass ratio are developed. A performance chart is plotted for ES damping ratio of 3%, with TSWD damping ratio of 8%, 12% and 20%, as shown in Fig.6. The range of detuning considered is 15% (i.e. f is ranging from 0.85 to 1.15). Solid lines in the charts are for perfectly tuned conditions and dotted lines are for a detuning of 15%. As evident, the TSWD is more effective in tuned conditions. Figure 6 Variation of effectiveness with mass ratio and tuning ratio " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_144.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292301/figure-7-the-test-observations-are-extrapolated-analytically"><img alt="The test observations are extrapolated analytically for real life application to the ES. The SM represents ES and SM-TSWD coupling represents retrofitted ES. As SM has got the dynamic similitude with ES, the TSWDs tested with SM are also applicable for ES. The number of TSWDs to be installed is determined on the basis of mass ratio, for desired performance level. The existing structure (ES) considered in present study is representative of typical urban residential building stock. It is situated in Mumbai, India. The ES is designed and executed in accordance of prevalent code provisions (BIS 456, 2000). It houses 8 flats with a centrally located staircase over which an overhead tank (OHT) is provided. The structural RC Frame and typical floor plan is shown in Fig. 7. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_145.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292305/figure-146-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_146.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292308/figure-9-physical-scaled-models-sm-on-shake"><img alt="Figure 9 physical scaled models (SM) on shake table " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_147.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292311/figure-11-optimum-effective-damping-ratio-of-sm-tswd-with-mm"><img alt="Figure 11 Optimum effective damping ratio ‘&’ of SM-TSWD with 80 mm water depth " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_148.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292314/figure-12-effective-damping-ratio-with-respect-to-mass-ratio"><img alt="Figure 12 Effective damping ratio ‘€,’ with respect to mass ratio under free vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_149.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292317/figure-14-effective-damping-ratio-with-respect-to-mass-ratio"><img alt="Figure 14 Effective damping ratio with respect to mass ratio under forced vibration " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_150.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292327/figure-13-performance-of-sm-tswd-coupling-under-forced"><img alt="Figure 13 Performance of SM; -TSWD coupling under forced sinusoidal excitation " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_151.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292330/figure-15-performance-of-tswd-retrofitting-system-against-el"><img alt="Figure 15 Performance of TSWD retrofitting system against El Centro ground motion The performance of retrofitting system has further been substantiated with respect to real life ground motion. The SM has been subjected to ground motion of El Centro 1940 earthquake (Chopra A.K.; 1995). The effectiveness of the TSWD system is less as compared to that under sinusoidal excitation. This may be attributed to the fact that the TSWDs have been designed for excitation amplitude of 11.0 mm with a frequency of 1.48 Hz which is different from the frequency content of El Centro ground motion chosen for experimentation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_152.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292336/figure-16-performance-comparison-of-single-and-multiple"><img alt="Figure 16 Performance comparison of single and multiple frequency TSWD system with SM5 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_153.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292341/figure-154-similarly-the-sm-has-been-tested-for-ground"><img alt="Similarly the SM; has been tested for ground motion of El Centro 1940 earthquake, coupled with multiple frequency TSWDs. Sloshing in all the three TSWDs has been observed with maximum in TSW Do0xg9 and minimum TSWD 145x290 . The performances of single frequency TSWD system and multiple frequency TSWD system are plotted in Fia.17. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_154.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292343/figure-155-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/figure_155.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292347/table-1-the-methods-and-systems-mentioned-above-are-being"><img alt="The methods and systems mentioned above are being described briefly. As itis evident from the foregoing discussion the seismic performance of a structure is dependent on its frequency or period and damping ratio. Thus the seismic retrofitting concepts have also been evolved around these properties only. There are numerous retrofitting techniques now available and many more are continuously being developed. However, most of the conventional retrofit methods are quite invasive and they require lot of alterations to the original structure. The concept of structural response control is comparatively less invasive and adoptable option for the developing nations. Various retrofitting systems being practiced are given in table-1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292356/table-1-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure As clear from the previous descriptions active, semi-active or hybrid systems are technology-intensive, power-dependent and expensive, hence not very frendly and convenient option for developing nations. Further, seismic retrofitting requires all time preparedness which is always in question due reasons mentioned in preceding section. All these considerations make passive energy dissipation systems as most suitable and adoptable option for response control of the structures subjected to dynamic excitation (Rai et al 2009). Various passive energy dissipation methods are given in table-1.2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292360/table-3-this-concept-is-of-advantage-for-heritage-structures"><img alt="This concept is of advantage for heritage structures where much scope is not available for modification and additional retrofitting. Similarly for scattered and remotely located important establishments, equipped with valuable machines and equipment this methodology is of vital utility as it does not requires any additional space, external energy and structural / architectural modification. Economics of the methodology is within acceptable domains for the most of the structures as it improves the routine functionality of the host primary structure along with the improvement in anti-seismic performances. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292371/table-3-as-can-be-seen-from-the-above-mentioned-the-existing"><img alt="As can be seen from the above mentioned table the existing non ductile moment resisting frame buildings are seismically vulnerable across the world. Situation is more alarming in 2" and 3” tier of nations, as these buildings house large population with significant contribution to the economy and developmental process of their respective nations. Comprehensive surveys of such exiting building stock (typically classified as moment resisting RC frame buildings with unreinforced masonry) in earthquake prone areas have been conducted by Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and International A ssociation for Earthquake Engineering (IA EE) (Heidi et al., 2004; Kishore et al., 2002; Marhatta et al., 2007). The findings and aspects relevant to engineering considerations for seismic vulnerability, for three countries (USA, India and Nepal) of different economic status are tabulated in table 3.1 below for a comprehensive assessment of such buildings. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292377/table-5-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292392/table-3-as-evident-from-the-the-weight-of-the-masonry-is-of"><img alt="As evident from the table 3.3 the weight of the masonry is of the order of weight RC frame. The structural contribution of masonry under earthquake loading has been evaluated by incorporating compressive diagonal strut in analysis with an assumed damping ratio of 5%. The column stresses obtained due to earthquake loading have been normalised with respect to maximum column stress under gravity load for which structure has been designed and constructed. The maximum column stresses are presented in table 3.4. For the present study RC frame masonry infill structures of a township in Mumbai, India has been chosen. These buildings are representative of existing building stock of urban India. The structures are adequately designed and constructed, with due consideration of prevalent code provisions (IS 456-2000). The structures are in seismic zone III of BIS1893 classification. The descriptive data for these buildings are tabulated in table 3.3. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292402/table-3-the-story-buildings-form-largest-chunk-of-the-medium"><img alt="The 4 story buildings form largest chunk of the medium height structure and house maximum inhabitants in the township under study. All these structures mentioned in table- 3.4 are analysed in detail for various load possibilities and combinations. Incidentally the 4 story buildings are most vulnerable among medium height structures and the same has been chosen for further retrofitting studies. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292420/table-8-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="3.4.3 Masonry details " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292436/figure-3-the-structural-contribution-of-masonry-has-been"><img alt="The structural contribution of masonry has been accounted as diagonal strut (Fig.3.5) of length d equal to length of diagonal of masonry panel. The effective width of the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292455/table-3-maximum-normalised-stresses-in-columns-water-as"><img alt="Table 3.8 Maximum normalised stresses in columns | Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292516/table-11-retrofitting-is-governed-by-the-purpose-of-reducing"><img alt="Retrofitting is governed by the purpose of reducing the structural deformation of ES. subjected to earthquake excitation, from D, to D; (from 14.74 mm to 11.05 mm at root! level). Thus retrofitting through response control is essentially a process of enhancing é, tc &, such that D, is restricted to D;. The effective damping ratio & of retrofitted structure is function of a number of unknown variables. The design process is iterative may be broadly divided in three steps: " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292531/table-12-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292537/table-13-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292553/table-14-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292564/table-15-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292574/table-4-material-scaling-ratio-about-axes-number-of"><img alt="4.2.2 Material scaling ratio about axes, number of structural members and number of joints of SM are kept as SMe ES. The respective dimensions of ES and SM are tabulated in table 4.1. The ES was built by using concrete of grade M30 (characteristic cube strength = 30 MPa) and deformed bars with characteristic yield strength of 415 MPa. The infill masonry is burnt clay brick in cement sand mortar. The gross characteristics strength of ES calculated on the basis of cross sectional area contribution of column and masonry strut is 15.45 MPa. If the same material is adopted with a linear scaling factor of 20, then the member dimensions works out to be very small and practically impossible to be constructed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292584/table-17-the-free-vibration-tests-have-been-conducted-for"><img alt="The free vibration tests have been conducted for, verifying the consistency of SM and TSW D with respect to analytical approach, and assessment of dynamic properties of the SM and TSWD for selecting the suitable test regime of experimental verification. The forced vibration tests have been planned and conducted for simulating coupled SM-TSWD performance under externally applied dynamic load of resonant frequency. Experimental simulations have also been performed with recorded ground motion time histories to visualise the performance assurance of TSWDs retrofitting system against real earthquake. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292592/table-18-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292606/table-4-first-of-all-size-search-tests-for-sms-have-been"><img alt="First of all size search tests for SMs have been conducted. The displacement of SM at the base of TL-1 is the amplitude of excitation ‘A,’ for TSWD at that location. The first set of the observations have been recorded with 80mm of water in TSWD. The decay of amplitude for every free vibration test run is recorded and effective damping ratio ‘¢,’ of SM-TSWD coupling is determined by logarithmic decrement method (table-4.4). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292618/table-20-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292634/table-4-bare-sm-subjected-to-resonant-sinusoidal-excitation"><img alt="Table-4.6 Bare SM subjected to resonant sinusoidal excitation Five sets of forced vibration tests, with varying amplitudes of resonant harmonic excitation at base ‘Ap,’, have been conducted. The ‘Ap,’ has been increased from 0.25 mm to 1.25 mm in incremental steps of 0.25mm. The maximum displacements at base level of TL-1 have been recorded in table-4.6. It has been noticed that maximum displacement and damping ratios for SMa SMs and SMg are of similar order. The damping ratio of SM has been determined by dynamic magnification factor, it increases with increase in amplitude of excitation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292650/table-22-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292658/figure-4-for-input-base-excitation-amplitude-ap-of-mm-with"><img alt="For input base excitation amplitude (Ap.) of 0.75mm with 1.16% mass ratio the reduction in maximum cyclic displacement of SM; is 38.1 % as shown in Fig.4.9. The test observations for SMs-TSWD coupling with TSW D2g0xg0 and TSW D220x40 are being presented in table 4.8. The experimental trials with SMs have been extended for actually proposed TSWDs of 280 mm x 285 mm plan size and 80 mm depth having sloshing mass of 4.12 kg. Thus the observations have been recorded for mass ratios varying from 0.17% to 2.28%. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292667/table-24-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292675/table-4-it-can-be-seen-from-the-that-under-sinusoidal"><img alt="It can be seen from the table 4.10 that under sinusoidal excitation of 1.76 Hz effectiveness of the MTSWD is marginally high. The increase in effectiveness of the MTSWD over STSWD system under broad band earthquake excitations is much more pronounced. The displacement profiles of SM, subjected to broad band excitations have been plotted as Fig. 4.22, 4.23 and 4.24 for performance comparison. SM, has been subjected to four type dynamic excitations through shake table. First set of observations were taken with STSWD system for the maximum displacements. Second set of observations were taken with MTSWD system for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 4.10. The effectiveness of both the systems has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292836/table-42-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292806/table-5-performance-comparison-under-sinusoidal-excitation"><img alt="Performance comparison under sinusoidal excitation All the three scaled models SM, SMs and SMg¢ have been subjected to various dynamic excitations in coupling with these two TSWD systems. The effects of these systems on displacement response of SMa, SMs and SMg have been recorded and tabulated in table 5.7. The performances of both the systems have been presented with respect to effectiveness ratio and specific mass ratio for performance comparison. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292844/table-43-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292814/table-5-the-test-results-with-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to"><img alt="The test results with SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to resonant sinusoidal vibration are consistent with the observations of SM4-TSWD, SMs-TSWD and SM¢-TSWD couplings recorded in table 5.5. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292681/table-4-sm-has-been-subjected-to-four-type-dynamic"><img alt="SM; has been subjected to four type dynamic excitations through shake table. First set of observations were taken with STSWD system for the maximum displacements. Second set of observations were taken with MTSWD system for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 4.11. The effectiveness of both the systems has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292686/table-4-sm-has-been-subjected-to-four-type-dynamic"><img alt="SM¢ has been subjected to four type dynamic excitations through shake table. First set of observations were taken with STSWD system for the maximum displacements. Second set of observations were taken with MTSWD system for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 4.12. The effectiveness of both the systems has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292693/table-28-size-search-of-tsw-ds-with-respect-to-sm-along-axis"><img alt="Size search of TSW Ds with respect to SM along X axis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292729/table-4-forced-vibration-tests-the-optimal-lengths-of-tswds"><img alt="4.11.2 Forced vibration tests The optimal lengths of TSWDs for SM,; and SM,3 have also been determined by same procedure. The length thus obtained along with the already determined optimal TSWD lengths along the Z axis gives the optimal sizes of TSWDs effective in both the principal direction. Thus in effect three sizes of the TSWDs have been obtained for three structural conditions as mentioned in table 4.14. Bare frame tests " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292738/table-30-sm-tswd-coupling-subjected-to-resonant-sinusoidal"><img alt="SM,-TSWD coupling subjected to resonant sinusoidal excitation " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292750/table-31-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292757/table-5-free-vibration-tests-on-scaled-model-sm-of-structure"><img alt="Table 5.1 Free vibration tests on scaled model (SM) of structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292764/table-33-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292775/table-34-forced-vibration-tests-harmonic-excitations"><img alt="Forced vibration tests: Harmonic excitations observed values. It is seen that analytical values of & obtained with 70% of Aemax are in better concurrence with observed values as compared to values calculated with Aemax. 3.1 Bare SM subjected to resonant harmonic excitations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292780/table-35-have-been-subjected-resonant-frequency-and-tested"><img alt="have been subjected resonant frequency and tested in coupling with optimally sizec TSWDs. The response reducing performances of optimal TSW Ds have been observed wit respect to variation of mass ratio. Different mass ratios were obtained by differen combination of 80mm, 40mm and 20 mm TSWDs of same frequency. Symmetry o! sloshing mass about axis of symmetry was maintained during all the tests. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292790/table-5-specific-mass-ratio-of-tswd-retrofitting-system"><img alt="Table 5.5 Specific mass ratio of TSWD retrofitting system " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292797/table-37-it-may-be-noted-that-the-specific-mass-ratios-of"><img alt="It may be noted that the specific mass ratios of the TSWD system for SM, under earthquake excitations are varying in the range of 0.0565% to 0.1705%, this variation range narrows down .0635% to .1107% for SM; and 0.0587% to 0.0766% for SMg. Substantiating the fact that TSWD system is more suited for longer period systems. However the variation range of specific mass ratios is considerably wide as compared to variation range under harmonic resonant frequency. This emphasises the influence of frequency content of forcing excitation (f) on the performance of TSWD system. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292849/table-5-the-maximum-sloshing-mass-required-for-response"><img alt="The maximum sloshing mass required for 25% response reduction 10.697 kg for a structural condition of SM,. The specific mass ratio of TSWD system against broad band excitation is higher than that against resonant frequency harmonic excitation (the maximum specific mass ratio of TSWDgo system under resonant frequency is .043% (refer table 5.5) and that under broad band frequency is 0.1705% (refer table 5.6)). The maximum specific mass ratio for MTSWD system in coupling with SMa, SMs and SMg is extracted from table 5.7. The mass ratio required for desired response reduction of 25% of respective SMs in coupling with MTSWD is given in table 5.13. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292855/table-5-the-distribution-of-sloshing-water-mass-of-kg"><img alt="The distribution of sloshing water mass of 10.697 kg between these TSWDs is 1entioned in table 5.14. frequencies corresponding to these states have already been obtained from free vibration tests (test Ids 12, 18 and 19) and mentioned in table 4.5. The linearly distributed mass ratic system (LDMRS) has been considered. 40% of the sloshing water mass was allocated tc central frequency TSWD optimally tuned with SMs and balance 60% is divided equally ir range frequency TSW Ds optimally tuned with SMz.5 and SMs.¢. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292860/figure-5-the-sloshing-activity-in-tsw-dsxg-has-been-observed"><img alt="The sloshing activity in TSW D2s0xg0 has been observed from beginning of the test. After few seconds the sloshing activity has been observed in TSWD 2¢0x80 and TSW D335x80 also. Maximum sloshing has been observed in TSWD2s0xg0 and it has continued for some ime even after stoppage of the input excitations from shake table. It can be seen from the fable 5.15 that, although no TSWD of the TSWD, is tuned to SM, but a response reduction of 25% has been achieved. The displacement profiles of SM, during the shake table tests have been plotted as Fig. 5.9, 5.10 and 5.11 for performance comparison. SM, has been subjected to three type broad band dynamic excitations through shake table. The observations have been taken in coupling with TSWD,, for the maximum displacements. The maximum displacements thus obtained have been tabulated in table 5.15. The effectiveness of the system has been evaluated with respect to bare frame displacements under respective excitations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292868/table-47-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292874/table-48-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292881/table-49-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292890/table-50-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="5.9.3 Execution scheme " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292894/table-51-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="| Water as energy absorber to control the seismic response of the structure " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292913/table-52-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292919/table-3-considering-perfect-tuning-exists-at-ws-wa-for"><img alt="Considering perfect tuning exists at ws; ~ wa, for excitation amplitude of A,=11.05 The salient analytically determined features of ES are given in table-3. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292924/table-54-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292938/table-55-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292944/table-6-the-observed-behaviour-of-sms-is-compared-with"><img alt="The observed behaviour of SMs is compared with analytical results for VSM, as tabulated in table-6. The observed frequencies of SMs are less than the analytical frequencies of VSM. This variance may be attributed to non-uniformity in sectional properties of the structural elements, imperfect fixity of beam-column joints and imperfect fixity of the model with shake table. The VSM has been modified by 7.5% global reduction in cross-sectional area of all the structural elements and 7.5% reduction in modulus of elasticity of the material of VSM. After these modifications the analytical values show good concurrence with observed values. The analytical values obtained after modification in the VSM are mentioned in the last column of the table-6 as modified frequency. SM, is representative of ES with structural contribution of masonry wall and SM¢ represents the state of no structural contribution of masonry wall. SM; represents an intermediate state of the FS. The structural model (SM), without water in Tanks (designated as bare test), is subjected to initial displacement of 11mm at bottom level of Tank-1 and allowed to vibrate. The decay of vibration amplitudes have been continuously observed and recorded for 25 cycles by laser displacement sensor. The test is repeated, with different weight combinations at floors of SM, for verification of consistent behaviour of SM and respective similitudes with VSM. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292958/table-57-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292969/table-8-parameters-of-tswd-experimental-and-analytical"><img alt="Table -8 Parameters of TSWD (experimental and analytical) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292982/table-9-comparison-of-sm-performance-under-forced-vibration"><img alt="Table-9 Comparison of SM; performance under forced vibration with that of VSM Five sets of forced vibration tests, with varying amplitudes of sinusoidal excitation at base ‘Ape’, have been conducted. The ‘Ape’ has been increased from 0.25 mm to 1.25 mm in incremental steps of 0.25mm. The observed displacements at base level of Tank-1 and damping ratios of SMs are mentioned in table-9. The VSM has also been evaluated analytically for the same excitations and observed structural damping ratios. The displacements thus obtained are tabulated (table-9). The modification rule, applied to VSM earlier for free vibration tests (ref. table-4), has also been verified. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5292994/table-60-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5293004/table-5-the-damping-ratio-of-sm-under-sinusoidal-excitation"><img alt="The damping ratio of SM, under sinusoidal excitation amplitude of 1 mm at base \»pe= 1.0mm) as observed and recorded is 3.25%. The test matrix of table-5 and analytical procedures have been repeated with the SM oriented by 90° such that axis X of the SM is parallel to direction of vibration. The dynamic similitude between structural model and reference structure, with respect to frequency has peen achieved by adjusting the floor wise mass distribution. The observed and analytical frequencies, thus determined are tabulated in table -11. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/5293022/table-62-water-as-energy-absorber-to-control-the-seismic"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/34912138/table_062.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-8536325-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2dc5d25f8e934a9c98ddb83a1ba24187" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912138,"asset_id":8536325,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912138/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536325"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536325; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536325]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536325; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536325']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2dc5d25f8e934a9c98ddb83a1ba24187" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536325]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536325,"title":"WATER AS ENERGY ABSORBER TO CONTROL THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURES","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.\nThe central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.\nThe existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. \nThe analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.\nThe process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.\nTwo non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.\nSince the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. \nThe required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.\nFrom experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. \nThis research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.\n"},"translated_abstract":"The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.\nThe central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.\nThe existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. \nThe analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.\nThe process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.\nTwo non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.\nSince the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. \nThe required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.\nFrom experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. \nThis research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536325/WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:47:49.619-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912138,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912138/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912138/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912138/Thesis_complete-libre.pdf?1411932350=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=VlErtBnIWQAHKmhBfZvT-wBNALcx~FtwJPQG5XoCXijJ76Og6gKKp7~ebZHASjc2kSZiLomMfVRf5R6hPuyGvogmsRLPNkpH5rIufTMc3tUXKU4vVNxhAd0xpbEPd40i7mymn2GkaB9TMiiewbuCEGNw5y~CF2Xv7LnKGNb2dPXBTE4rCD8ISkCm-kO1zVrFLqXHqgEAbZXSE24W4hFOyXKQYzHflAaAL6CaTD8lJLQi9KHbvRDKhg3cwuvsh~uNoAdbVhF3jmJg~G32JT9-RZgUG1jw67rcIvo8ma7Hdhyr1S5ACsyQsSToT14ZMA7sQYuuq8u8NlPcm8nFKh8U7Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_OF_THE_STRUCTURES","translated_slug":"","page_count":253,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The existing medium height structures, constructed before 1970, are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have been designed for gravity loads only and have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquakes. There exist many retrofitting methods for upgrading the seismic performance of such structures. The conventional retrofitting practices are generally invasive in character, to the existing structures and their occupants, hence not very acceptable to the occupancy. The concept of response control with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) is one such promising option for improving the seismic resistance of these structures which is least invasive.\nThe central to the TSWD based retrofitting, of RC frame masonry infilled structures, is to reduce the displacement of the ES and avoidance of masonry failure during earthquake. The concept has been explained by example of an existing four story residential building. The structure has been discretised for three structural contribution conditions of masonry, i.e full contribution, no contribution and intermediate state where some part of masonry is contributing as diagonal compressive struts. The retrofitting propositions for all these three conditions have been made, analytically, with TSWD systems. It has been explained that for well-defined system subjected to harmonic excitations single frequency TSWDs (STSWD) may be optimally devised. For approximately assessed systems subjected to broad band excitations multiple frequency TSWDs (MTSWD) systems more robust.\nThe existing procedure for design of retrofitting system is iterative and cumbersome due to involvement of many approximately assessed parameters. Design charts for effectiveness of retrofitting system have been developed to obtain a quick estimate of mass ratio required for desired response reduction. Two simplified non-iterative methods have been developed one for accurately assessed and another for approximately assessed structures. These methods give a quick estimate of required mass ratio for desired performance. \nThe analytically made retrofitting propositions have been verified experimentally through the shake table tests on scaled model of the ES in coupling with TSWDs. The main feature of the experimental study is that ES has been scaled down dimensionally such that SM≡ES, but dynamic parameters of the structure have not been scaled and SM is equal to ES. The TSWD, tested with SMs in laboratory, is proposed for actual field execution.\nThe process of experimental validations of SM-TSWD interaction has been accomplished through 157 test runs. The interpretation of these experimental observations has led to simplified empirical correlations between relevant dynamic parameters of TSWD and ES. These empirical relations are valid for harmonic excitations only. However for broad band earthquake excitation the analytically devised propositions are only trend indicative and not valid. The robustness of the MTSWD system over STSWD system against earthquake excitations has been substantiated. An adequate factor of safety may be incorporated for applying the inferences from harmonic excitations to broad band excitations for MTSWD based retrofitting system. This study proposes a factor of safety 3.\nTwo non-dimensional parameters, as effectiveness ratio quantifying percentage response reduction and specific mass ratio defined as mass ratio required for one percentage effectiveness of the retrofitting system, for evaluating the performance of TSWD based retrofitting system have been introduced.\nSince the analytical proposals are not valid for broad band excitations, it is proposed that for real life situations, the TSWD based retrofitting systems, should be designed on the basis of experimental evidence. A Hardware interactive soft path methodology for design of TSWD retrofitting system has been devised. As there is no scaling of dynamic properties between SM and ES and the TSWD used in coupling with SM has to be installed at ES, hence the experimental inferences of SM-TSWD coupling can be extrapolated to retrofitting of the ES, as ES-TSWD coupling. Thus a TSWD based retrofitting system may be designed for desired response reduction of ES. \nThe required sloshing water mass is to be accommodated in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as a robust multiple TSWD retrofitting regime with assurance of replicating laboratory performance in real life seismic eventuality.\nFrom experimental observations for 25% effectiveness of TSWD system against broad band excitation the required mass ratio is 2.59% for SM and same is valid for ES also, accordingly an execution scheme has been proposed. \nThis research presents a simple and non-invasive retrofit scheme utilising tuned sloshing water dampers in RC frame masonry infilled structures. The design approach utilises the theoretical knowledge in conjunction with experimental verifications for TSWD based retrofitting system. The retrofitting with TSWDs may be accomplished by modifying the existing overhead tank and installing additional tanks of optimally tuned geometry for desired response reduction. The installation of TSWD based retrofitting system provides all time preparedness against earthquake, without interfering with the structural, architectural and occupancy requirements. The proposed TSWD based retrofitting system essentially a technique of absorbing seismic energy through sloshing action of water.\n","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912138,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912138/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912138/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"WATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912138/Thesis_complete-libre.pdf?1411932350=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWATER_AS_ENERGY_ABSORBER_TO_CONTROL_THE.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=VlErtBnIWQAHKmhBfZvT-wBNALcx~FtwJPQG5XoCXijJ76Og6gKKp7~ebZHASjc2kSZiLomMfVRf5R6hPuyGvogmsRLPNkpH5rIufTMc3tUXKU4vVNxhAd0xpbEPd40i7mymn2GkaB9TMiiewbuCEGNw5y~CF2Xv7LnKGNb2dPXBTE4rCD8ISkCm-kO1zVrFLqXHqgEAbZXSE24W4hFOyXKQYzHflAaAL6CaTD8lJLQi9KHbvRDKhg3cwuvsh~uNoAdbVhF3jmJg~G32JT9-RZgUG1jw67rcIvo8ma7Hdhyr1S5ACsyQsSToT14ZMA7sQYuuq8u8NlPcm8nFKh8U7Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27702,"name":"Structural Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Earthquake_Engineering"},{"id":28155,"name":"Disaster Preparedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Preparedness"},{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":243318,"name":"Seismic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Analysis"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"},{"id":983765,"name":"Earthquake Resistance of Traditional Housing Typologies In Different Seismic Zones of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Resistance_of_Traditional_Housing_Typologies_In_Different_Seismic_Zones_of_India"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536325-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8536037"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536037/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of SEISMIC RETROFITTING BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8536037/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER">SEISMIC RETROFITTING BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic<br />retrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the<br />ES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated<br />through sloshing of water mass.<br />The energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of<br />TSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and<br />uncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting<br />system iterative and cumbersome.<br />Multiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform<br />more robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be<br />moderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors<br />due to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.<br />The performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement<br />affected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented<br />which reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing<br />four story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The<br />method ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b938162afb47d130b1ae1fdcf91846b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34912037,"asset_id":8536037,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912037/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8536037"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8536037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8536037]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8536037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8536037']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b938162afb47d130b1ae1fdcf91846b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8536037]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8536037,"title":"SEISMIC RETROFITTING BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic\nretrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the\nES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated\nthrough sloshing of water mass.\nThe energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of\nTSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and\nuncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting\nsystem iterative and cumbersome.\nMultiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform\nmore robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be\nmoderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors\ndue to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.\nThe performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement\naffected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented\nwhich reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing\nfour story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The\nmethod ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake."},"translated_abstract":"Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic\nretrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the\nES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated\nthrough sloshing of water mass.\nThe energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of\nTSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and\nuncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting\nsystem iterative and cumbersome.\nMultiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform\nmore robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be\nmoderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors\ndue to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.\nThe performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement\naffected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented\nwhich reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing\nfour story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The\nmethod ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8536037/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:20:16.952-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34912037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912037/NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121-libre.pdf?1411931928=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RrmHfCr4dmKZOTZ~QA9E3sjXX1mYEFbiyPBUNTIXHV~RACsYGgG0S281EI8rywR6nFUlfd4r4RUanAqrSSvifwSE1Xmj6DZ9DWL9tdatVHtVxl6p~ZSVrdJNfoSzsD8jNrQ2g4jJT1pOaFWGQgI6lA7UWQLGRCzy9o7XG~qaNVkgRUOprI4NBWGyZSUCT6uEh5YCd5bOZMK7w52Whe25ZNiv67UwlDYeZ-0BqLDySLr-BTBKxszofV7PCvuLrzdwbZhOblS~uc-Pi~-3Gp2YEaGZl3VfxvaBll~UNAFqKXgW3tK6X7Ng~wVmh3RCe24XWqqY4CVl3r7WOi0IFSQe9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Structural response control, with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD) may be adopted as seismic\nretrofitting measure for the existing structures (ES).The water tanks of designed geometry rigidly attached with the\nES at strategic locations behave as TSWD. Response reduction during earthquake is affected by energy dissipated\nthrough sloshing of water mass.\nThe energy dissipation is dependent on mutual tuning of ES and TSWD, mass ratio, damping ratio of\nTSWD and damping ratio of ES. Larger the mass ratio more will be the response reduction. Mutual dependency and\nuncertainties involved with the assessment of dynamic properties of ES make the design process of retrofitting\nsystem iterative and cumbersome.\nMultiple dampers, with their frequencies distributed around the first mode frequency of ES, shall perform\nmore robustly. The desired mass ratio may be accommodated in multiple tanks. The geometry of these tanks may be\nmoderated in such a way that it behaves as multiple dampers. The multiple TSWD system will overcome the errors\ndue to assessment approximations of dynamic properties of ES and TSWD.\nThe performance of the retrofitting system is assessed by reduction in maximum structural displacement\naffected. Design charts in the form of effectiveness ratio, depicting the performance of TSWDs, have been presented\nwhich reduces iterative computational effort. The retrofitting methodology is explained by example of an existing\nfour story structure. The effectiveness and robust performance of multiple TSWD has been demonstrated. The\nmethod ensures all time preparedness of the ES, without occupancy and structural interference, against earthquake.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34912037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34912037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34912037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34912037/NKR-Full_length_paper_Div.-VI_paper_ID_121-libre.pdf?1411931928=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_W.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RrmHfCr4dmKZOTZ~QA9E3sjXX1mYEFbiyPBUNTIXHV~RACsYGgG0S281EI8rywR6nFUlfd4r4RUanAqrSSvifwSE1Xmj6DZ9DWL9tdatVHtVxl6p~ZSVrdJNfoSzsD8jNrQ2g4jJT1pOaFWGQgI6lA7UWQLGRCzy9o7XG~qaNVkgRUOprI4NBWGyZSUCT6uEh5YCd5bOZMK7w52Whe25ZNiv67UwlDYeZ-0BqLDySLr-BTBKxszofV7PCvuLrzdwbZhOblS~uc-Pi~-3Gp2YEaGZl3VfxvaBll~UNAFqKXgW3tK6X7Ng~wVmh3RCe24XWqqY4CVl3r7WOi0IFSQe9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8536037-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535989"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535989/Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Disaster Resistant Collapse Proof Mass Housing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911979/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535989/Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing">Disaster Resistant Collapse Proof Mass Housing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong<br />construction practices along with affordability.<br />In Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is<br />disaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give<br />any reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most<br />feared natural disaster.<br />Settlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are<br />poorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on<br />disaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum<br />replacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel<br />and concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.<br />In Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to<br />lack of durability.<br />In the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and<br />durable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but<br />technology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick<br />construction.<br />The proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy<br />dissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of<br />life and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after<br />shocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and<br />economical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="58b2df71c9577b9f3fabbab2d884caff" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911979,"asset_id":8535989,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911979/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535989"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535989"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535989; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535989]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535989]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535989; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535989']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "58b2df71c9577b9f3fabbab2d884caff" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535989]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535989,"title":"Disaster Resistant Collapse Proof Mass Housing","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong\nconstruction practices along with affordability.\nIn Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is\ndisaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give\nany reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most\nfeared natural disaster.\nSettlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are\npoorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on\ndisaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum\nreplacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel\nand concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.\nIn Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to\nlack of durability.\nIn the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and\ndurable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but\ntechnology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick\nconstruction.\nThe proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy\ndissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of\nlife and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after\nshocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and\neconomical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also."},"translated_abstract":"Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong\nconstruction practices along with affordability.\nIn Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is\ndisaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give\nany reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most\nfeared natural disaster.\nSettlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are\npoorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on\ndisaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum\nreplacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel\nand concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.\nIn Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to\nlack of durability.\nIn the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and\ndurable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but\ntechnology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick\nconstruction.\nThe proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy\ndissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of\nlife and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after\nshocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and\neconomical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535989/Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:17:31.173-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911979,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911979/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911979/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911979/final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN-libre.pdf?1411931611=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RRGZbGiFItUbDhy~9xGOyvz0K-x6dsyOboZRTMvBZlY~pF4aGeXba1CV8dFrxEyB02j8Iwr91IwBAR-qgnzg48Q95a3YpnOtCJw1UQu29kjUrD~QU1w7z9L1LN3FRCuDti8atN5eRfgqRUa5UIeQTS-oxGZrzg1h0q2-R1GEKhR21jwzTpSy5t33S85GEQrhYQd~ekVxgnv9g~4WquZvcxPAygNgiD2a4Prz-zigIhUOVVur0hzpKU6TLxeswsBiWDUDXwXxwoh0oyzvtambucBJQyIsMFmvXnRZBL9TOu-3zcflnoZMWUIT~xYHQ2C0VcZO49CpvyTex9KV2TV0tA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_Housing","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Housing is the most important tool of social security and it should be ensured by durable and strong\nconstruction practices along with affordability.\nIn Indian reference the housing problem has been compounded by the fact that 59% area of our country is\ndisaster prone, to one or other kind of natural calamity. Of all the natural calamities earth quake does not give\nany reaction time what so ever for hazard avoidance and mitigation. The suddenness makes earth quake most\nfeared natural disaster.\nSettlements housing weaker sections of society are more vulnerable to such disasters as their houses are\npoorly engineered and constructed with locally available material and technology, having very low score on\ndisaster resistance and sustainability count. A general feature of low cost housing concepts is maximum\nreplacement of cement and steel with locally available materials and vernacular technology. Avoidance of steel\nand concrete increases the construction mass which increases the amount of seismic impact on such structures.\nIn Indian socio-economic context, low cost housing proposals do not get acceptability with common man, due to\nlack of durability.\nIn the present paper a pre-engineered pre-cast design for rural mass housing, utilising most versatile and\ndurable building materials, concrete and steel as main constituent is proposed. This is less massive but\ntechnology and labour intensive. The design and construction methodology adopted, results in light and quick\nconstruction.\nThe proposed design incorporates base isolation through horizontal decoupling and seismic energy\ndissipation through friction, flexibility. A collapse proof failure mode has been devised, which can avoid loss of\nlife and property. This design may be used with great advantage in aftermath of a seismic calamity, when after\nshocks are still being experienced, by virtue of being light, quick to construct, disaster resistant, and\neconomical. The design is superior on sustainability parameters also.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911979,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911979/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911979/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Disaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911979/final_print_-DISASTER_RESISTENT_COLLAPSE_PROOF_MASS_HOUSIN-libre.pdf?1411931611=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisaster_Resistant_Collapse_Proof_Mass_H.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RRGZbGiFItUbDhy~9xGOyvz0K-x6dsyOboZRTMvBZlY~pF4aGeXba1CV8dFrxEyB02j8Iwr91IwBAR-qgnzg48Q95a3YpnOtCJw1UQu29kjUrD~QU1w7z9L1LN3FRCuDti8atN5eRfgqRUa5UIeQTS-oxGZrzg1h0q2-R1GEKhR21jwzTpSy5t33S85GEQrhYQd~ekVxgnv9g~4WquZvcxPAygNgiD2a4Prz-zigIhUOVVur0hzpKU6TLxeswsBiWDUDXwXxwoh0oyzvtambucBJQyIsMFmvXnRZBL9TOu-3zcflnoZMWUIT~xYHQ2C0VcZO49CpvyTex9KV2TV0tA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21832,"name":"Low-Cost Housing (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low-Cost_Housing_Architecture_"},{"id":25180,"name":"Mass Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Housing"},{"id":104662,"name":"Mass Housing Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Housing_Development"},{"id":976651,"name":"Sustainable Housing Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Housing_Development"},{"id":983765,"name":"Earthquake Resistance of Traditional Housing Typologies In Different Seismic Zones of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Resistance_of_Traditional_Housing_Typologies_In_Different_Seismic_Zones_of_India"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8535989-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535895"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535895/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911925/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535895/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY">SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2d70022a57bdc154fa0e8b9e279c71cc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911925,"asset_id":8535895,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911925/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535895"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535895; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535895]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535895]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535895; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535895']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2d70022a57bdc154fa0e8b9e279c71cc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535895]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535895,"title":"SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES BY TUNED SLOSHING WATER DAMPER: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised."},"translated_abstract":"The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535895/SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:07:19.108-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911925,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911925/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911925/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911925/re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12-libre.pdf?1411931132=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=IkELwo1nVBXHDWI346Q1~CETIS8f2sX73VWKmUbiJ4Hibi3FYGIU6uTDDKaSudDSuVTiAUwUS-WhGxRV~0bUzhppvGPUqUStzcFmuF2~h4-B~CAluZDWjhtdUBt~ImOuUldcbFrzgy8w6mo5EYTjXQqEMHwRJ4P8DMbuDzhzqTgzJtQ2qgfUIkKTbLCK9ssHvTTWWn~HijR7uny4XYziHuQGZHfdMeNyhCsAEZUbvIEsS7rT7RTikYJ9okpCHvC1gWSAU4WIT5-ShUuiFp8IS0Xn-LLJk-sDVDMgq5VKRZ80KMwRpbztbVy23MNEnuqKWb0QKS-mFzhry9GZ1Fl3zQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTURES_BY_TUNED_SLOSHING_WATER_DAMPER_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The existing medium height structures (ES) may be retrofitted with tuned sloshing water dampers (TSWD), for mitigating increased seismic demands. The performance of the TSWD as response reducing device against vibratory loads has been investigated through shake table tests, in coupling with scaled model(SM) of ES. The optimum coupling parameters of the TSWD with respect to SM have been obtained through free vibration tests. Subsequently the optimally tuned SM-TSWD coupling has been subjected to forced sinusoidal vibration of the resonant frequency. The effectiveness of the retrofitting regime has also been tested against ground motion time histories. The experimental data have been analytically extrapolated for application to the real life existing structure (ES). A response reduction of the order of 25% has been predicted for the ES with 1.5% mass ratio. A seismic retrofitting design methodology of ‘hardware interactive soft path’ for assured displacement response reduction has been devised.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911925,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911925/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911925/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"SEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911925/re-Revised_manuscript_ISET-02-12-libre.pdf?1411931132=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSEISMIC_RETROFITTING_OF_EXISTING_STRUCTU.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=IkELwo1nVBXHDWI346Q1~CETIS8f2sX73VWKmUbiJ4Hibi3FYGIU6uTDDKaSudDSuVTiAUwUS-WhGxRV~0bUzhppvGPUqUStzcFmuF2~h4-B~CAluZDWjhtdUBt~ImOuUldcbFrzgy8w6mo5EYTjXQqEMHwRJ4P8DMbuDzhzqTgzJtQ2qgfUIkKTbLCK9ssHvTTWWn~HijR7uny4XYziHuQGZHfdMeNyhCsAEZUbvIEsS7rT7RTikYJ9okpCHvC1gWSAU4WIT5-ShUuiFp8IS0Xn-LLJk-sDVDMgq5VKRZ80KMwRpbztbVy23MNEnuqKWb0QKS-mFzhry9GZ1Fl3zQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8535895-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535851"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535851/EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE TSWD FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE CONTROL OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMED STRUCTURE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911888/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535851/EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE">EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE TSWD FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE CONTROL OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMED STRUCTURE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance u...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance<br />under earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water<br />damper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank<br />and installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.<br />The required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed<br />around the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime<br />with robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic<br />properties of the ES.<br />The retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the<br />retrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed<br />which reduces iterative computational efforts.<br />The simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by<br />example of an existing four story structure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ea200256e1a1f14577f1c540168a322d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911888,"asset_id":8535851,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911888/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535851"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535851; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535851]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535851; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535851']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ea200256e1a1f14577f1c540168a322d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535851]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535851,"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE TSWD FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE CONTROL OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMED STRUCTURE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance\nunder earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water\ndamper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank\nand installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.\nThe required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed\naround the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime\nwith robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic\nproperties of the ES.\nThe retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the\nretrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed\nwhich reduces iterative computational efforts.\nThe simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by\nexample of an existing four story structure."},"translated_abstract":"Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance\nunder earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water\ndamper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank\nand installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.\nThe required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed\naround the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime\nwith robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic\nproperties of the ES.\nThe retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the\nretrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed\nwhich reduces iterative computational efforts.\nThe simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by\nexample of an existing four story structure.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535851/EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T12:01:32.291-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911888,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911888/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911888/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911888/Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10-libre.pdf?1411930789=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RPSvXjbQWDS-qFqG~yCq~9HvQGX17qvRAJXpwBtjQFymkq7c6ynzveklMbzMECAJkqsBa~MDMVcEBW88GR8GNRpzXRxelRlkkDLiWqK6rrW2HFyymm3mQFLjyTiY7gNf9a1U2N1AXzhIS1fEi1PL15Rx5xhkaOcbQ-icYrgw2LzA9WsjiJ6hdYjz1L8bU1nhlRkYpE2orjIrAQrSVkBzorfeeD8GQ8ZEB8eP0KNfmMI972qXtXXMA95oOfWCj9-c-Ny19RYwv93XqSwyKlUv6rjCoRDfex3CX76inATKlzCrvHmNPVL8KGBK84OjNrSIWkgI0N6zuY3AE39fSJFqKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISMIC_RESPONSE_CONTROL_OF_MASONRY_INFILLED_RC_FRAMED_STRUCTURE","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Existing masonry infilled RC framed structures (ES) can be retrofitted for improved performance\nunder earthquake loading by structural response control methodology, with tuned sloshing water\ndamper (TSWD). The retrofitting may be accomplished by modifying the existing over head tank\nand installing additional tanks of tuned geometry for required response reduction.\nThe required water mass is provided in multiple TSWDs with their frequencies distributed\naround the frequency of ES. The system as a whole behaves as multiple TSWD retrofitting regime\nwith robustness and reliability. This system takes care of the assessment approximations in dynamic\nproperties of the ES.\nThe retrofitting method aims for reduced displacement during earthquake. The efficiency of the\nretrofitting system may be quantified by effectiveness ratio. Design charts have been developed\nwhich reduces iterative computational efforts.\nThe simplicity of design and execution of the proposed retrofitting regime is explained by\nexample of an existing four story structure.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911888,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911888/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911888/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"EFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911888/Rrevised_manuscript-ISET-10-10-libre.pdf?1411930789=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEFFECTIVENESS_OF_MULTIPLE_TSWD_FOR_SEISM.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=RPSvXjbQWDS-qFqG~yCq~9HvQGX17qvRAJXpwBtjQFymkq7c6ynzveklMbzMECAJkqsBa~MDMVcEBW88GR8GNRpzXRxelRlkkDLiWqK6rrW2HFyymm3mQFLjyTiY7gNf9a1U2N1AXzhIS1fEi1PL15Rx5xhkaOcbQ-icYrgw2LzA9WsjiJ6hdYjz1L8bU1nhlRkYpE2orjIrAQrSVkBzorfeeD8GQ8ZEB8eP0KNfmMI972qXtXXMA95oOfWCj9-c-Ny19RYwv93XqSwyKlUv6rjCoRDfex3CX76inATKlzCrvHmNPVL8KGBK84OjNrSIWkgI0N6zuY3AE39fSJFqKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8535851-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8535791"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535791/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911830/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8535791/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures">Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures<br />have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures<br />also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and<br />property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,<br />functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral<br />damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,<br />a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic<br />energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,<br />active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on<br />external energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned<br />liquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used<br />as TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response<br />without putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of<br />dampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating<br />TLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment<br />which are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it<br />is free from external power dependence and regular maintenance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6f2bf434ab326f71ac8412dc26b417ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34911830,"asset_id":8535791,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911830/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8535791"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8535791"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535791; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8535791]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8535791; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8535791']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6f2bf434ab326f71ac8412dc26b417ba" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8535791]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8535791,"title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures\nhave little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures\nalso, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and\nproperty. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,\nfunctioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral\ndamage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,\na supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic\nenergy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,\nactive, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on\nexternal energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned\nliquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used\nas TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response\nwithout putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of\ndampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating\nTLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment\nwhich are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it\nis free from external power dependence and regular maintenance."},"translated_abstract":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures\nhave little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures\nalso, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and\nproperty. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,\nfunctioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral\ndamage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,\na supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic\nenergy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,\nactive, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on\nexternal energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned\nliquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used\nas TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response\nwithout putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of\ndampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating\nTLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment\nwhich are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it\nis free from external power dependence and regular maintenance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8535791/Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-09-28T11:51:20.315-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8942652,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":28532543,"work_id":8535791,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4042346,"email":"r***d@barc.gov.in","display_order":0,"name":"G. Reddy","title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures"},{"id":28532545,"work_id":8535791,"tagging_user_id":8942652,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6220664,"email":"v***9@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"V. Venkatraj","title":"Seismic Response Control Systems for Structures"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34911830,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911830/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5647-published_paper.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911830/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911830/5647-published_paper-libre.pdf?1411930100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=HK7s4gKmzh4iF80ZCuETevGruQfr0mMR4ojGvLNwwNveTC9ii9t-M3ICxNy00bMGu738eEznJpZQYVHQl3YTwpC5fmj-MmcQZ97kIvhrHVb48VGHAsqSLXSHmJ3Z16-CMJ1WFtr0LONlLmzhBKblUXDKyQzgjyN75nG142d2kDC0YZ-m09eS6C1O0JsqNUDO9f9aM~DGp50UYxAXiWhPZy-X4wBegnAJTjKz-B-CYZD1YvQQGEDJdAmNwhGgSNq9mRYxropuQ-DivsKaVNZFL5fTnJMQAaD3d2wKQaeRTjuKa1~38yicqNz-FusQEzezZ4bK6n~UrKZz2diQdGsVbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Structures","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures\nhave little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures\nalso, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and\nproperty. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments,\nfunctioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral\ndamage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology,\na supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic\nenergy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive,\nactive, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on\nexternal energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned\nliquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used\nas TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response\nwithout putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. This paper reviews various types of\ndampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating\nTLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment\nwhich are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it\nis free from external power dependence and regular maintenance.","owner":{"id":8942652,"first_name":"Nishant","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rai","page_name":"NishantRai","domain_name":"barc-in","created_at":"2014-02-07T12:23:32.052-08:00","display_name":"Nishant Rai","url":"https://barc-in.academia.edu/NishantRai"},"attachments":[{"id":34911830,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34911830/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5647-published_paper.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34911830/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Seismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34911830/5647-published_paper-libre.pdf?1411930100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeismic_Response_Control_Systems_for_Str.pdf\u0026Expires=1743311483\u0026Signature=HK7s4gKmzh4iF80ZCuETevGruQfr0mMR4ojGvLNwwNveTC9ii9t-M3ICxNy00bMGu738eEznJpZQYVHQl3YTwpC5fmj-MmcQZ97kIvhrHVb48VGHAsqSLXSHmJ3Z16-CMJ1WFtr0LONlLmzhBKblUXDKyQzgjyN75nG142d2kDC0YZ-m09eS6C1O0JsqNUDO9f9aM~DGp50UYxAXiWhPZy-X4wBegnAJTjKz-B-CYZD1YvQQGEDJdAmNwhGgSNq9mRYxropuQ-DivsKaVNZFL5fTnJMQAaD3d2wKQaeRTjuKa1~38yicqNz-FusQEzezZ4bK6n~UrKZz2diQdGsVbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development"},{"id":14187,"name":"Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofitting_of_Historical_Masonry_Buildings"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit"},{"id":54132,"name":"Reinforced Concrete Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinforced_Concrete_Structures"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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