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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Return to England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journey_to_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journey_to_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Journey to Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journey_to_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Progeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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id="toc-Canonization_and_feast_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonization_and_feast_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Canonization and feast day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonization_and_feast_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions_bearing_her_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions_bearing_her_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Institutions bearing her name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions_bearing_her_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Margaret of Scotland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سانت مارغريت من إسكتلندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سانت مارغريت من إسكتلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Маргарыта Шатландская – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маргарыта Шатландская" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Маргарет Шотландска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Маргарет Шотландска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%27harid_Bro-Skos_(santez)" title="Marc'harid Bro-Skos (santez) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marc'harid Bro-Skos (santez)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarida_d%27Anglaterra" title="Margarida d'Anglaterra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Margarida d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Skotsk%C3%A1_(svat%C3%A1)" title="Markéta Skotská (svatá) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Markéta Skotská (svatá)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margrethe_af_Skotland_(helgen)" title="Margrethe af Skotland (helgen) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Margrethe af Skotland (helgen)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_von_Schottland" title="Margareta von Schottland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Margareta von Schottland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αγία Μαργαρίτα της Σκωτίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγία Μαργαρίτα της Σκωτίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_de_Escocia_(santa)" title="Margarita de Escocia (santa) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Margarita de Escocia (santa)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_de_Skotlando_(sanktulino)" title="Margareta de Skotlando (sanktulino) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Margareta de Skotlando (sanktulino)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Margarita_Eskoziakoa" title="Santa Margarita Eskoziakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Santa Margarita Eskoziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_d%27%C3%89cosse_(sainte)" title="Marguerite d'Écosse (sainte) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marguerite d'Écosse (sainte)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Maighr%C3%A9ad_na_hAlban" title="Naomh Maighréad na hAlban – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naomh Maighréad na hAlban" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A9_(%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%AB)" title="Սուրբ Մարգարեթ (Շոտլանդիայի թագուհի) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրբ Մարգարեթ (Շոտլանդիայի թագուհի)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_%C5%A0kotska" title="Margareta Škotska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Margareta Škotska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_dari_Skotlandia" title="Margaret dari Skotlandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Margaret dari Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margherita_di_Scozia_(santa)" title="Margherita di Scozia (santa) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Margherita di Scozia (santa)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="מרגרט הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרגרט הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_wa_Uskoti" title="Margareta wa Uskoti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Margareta wa Uskoti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_Scotiae_(sancta)" title="Margarita Scotiae (sancta) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Margarita Scotiae (sancta)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3ciai_Szent_Margit" title="Skóciai Szent Margit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Skóciai Szent Margit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سانت مارجريت من اسكتلندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سانت مارجريت من اسكتلندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaretha_van_Schotland_(ca._1045-1093)" title="Margaretha van Schotland (ca. 1045-1093) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Margaretha van Schotland (ca. 1045-1093)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="マーガレット・オブ・スコットランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーガレット・オブ・スコットランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_av_Skottland" title="Margaret av Skottland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Margaret av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_av_Skottland" title="Margaret av Skottland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Margaret av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata_Szkocka" title="Małgorzata Szkocka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Małgorzata Szkocka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarida_da_Esc%C3%B3cia_(santa)" title="Margarida da Escócia (santa) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Margarida da Escócia (santa)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_de_Wessex" title="Margareta de Wessex – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Margareta de Wessex" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Маргарита Шотландская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маргарита Шотландская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunt_Marget_o_Scotland" title="Saunt Marget o Scotland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saunt Marget o Scotland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saint Margaret of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Маргарета Шкотска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маргарета Шкотска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveta_Margaret_od_%C5%A0kotske" title="Sveta Margaret od Škotske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sveta Margaret od Škotske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotlannin_Pyh%C3%A4_Margaret" title="Skotlannin Pyhä Margaret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Skotlannin Pyhä Margaret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_av_Skottland_(helgon)" title="Margareta av Skottland (helgon) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Margareta av Skottland (helgon)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Маргарита Шотландська – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маргарита Шотландська" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Queen of Scotland from 1070 to 1093</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Scottish saint Margaret. For other saints named Margaret, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Saint Margaret (disambiguation)">Saint Margaret (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Saint Margaret</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg/220px-Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="252" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">St Margaret from a medieval <a href="/wiki/Family_tree" title="Family tree">family tree</a>, 13th century</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_Alba_(Scotland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of Alba (Scotland)">Queen consort of Alba (Scotland)</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">1070 – 13 November 1093</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1045</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1093-11-16</span>)</span>16 November 1093 (aged 47–48)<br /><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/El_Escorial#The_reliquaries" title="El Escorial">El Escorial monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a>; formerly <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline Abbey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm III of Scotland</a> <br />(m. 1070; died 1093)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Progeny">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Scotland" title="Edmund of Scotland">Edmund, Bishop of Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelred_of_Scotland" title="Ethelred of Scotland">Ethelred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar,_King_of_Scotland" title="Edgar, King of Scotland">Edgar, King of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I,_King_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander I, King of Scotland">Alexander I, King of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I,_King_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="David I, King of Scotland">David I, King of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Scotland_(1082%E2%80%931116)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary of Scotland (1082–1116)">Mary, Countess of Boulogne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wessex" title="House of Wessex">Wessex</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Exile" title="Edward the Exile">Edward the Exile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Agatha,_wife_of_Edward_the_Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile">Agatha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholicism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saint Margaret of Scotland</b> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Naomh Maighréad</i>; <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">Saunt Marget</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1045 – 16 November 1093</span>), also known as <b>Margaret of Wessex</b>, was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_royal_consorts" title="List of Scottish royal consorts">Queen of Alba</a> from 1070 to 1093 as the wife of <a href="/wiki/King_Malcolm_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Malcolm III">King Malcolm III</a>. Margaret was sometimes called "The Pearl of Scotland".<sup id="cite_ref-selden_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wessex" title="House of Wessex">House of Wessex</a> and was born in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> to the expatriate English prince <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Exile" title="Edward the Exile">Edward the Exile</a>. She and her family returned to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> in 1057. Following the death of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold Godwinson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings" title="Battle of Hastings">Battle of Hastings</a> in 1066, her brother <a href="/wiki/Edgar_%C3%86theling" title="Edgar Ætheling">Edgar Ætheling</a> was elected as <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a> but never crowned. After she and her family fled north, Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland by the end of 1070. </p><p>Margaret was a very pious <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, and among many charitable works she established a ferry across the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> for pilgrims travelling to <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews" title="St Andrews">St Andrews</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, which gave the towns of <a href="/wiki/South_Queensferry" title="South Queensferry">South Queensferry</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Queensferry" title="North Queensferry">North Queensferry</a> their names. Margaret was the mother of three kings of Scotland, or four, if <a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Scotland" title="Edmund of Scotland">Edmund of Scotland</a> (who ruled with his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Donald_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald III">Donald III</a>) is counted, and of <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a>, queen consort of England. According to the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vita S. Margaritae (Scotorum) Reginae</i></span> (<i>Life of St. Margaret, Queen (of the Scots)</i>), attributed to <a href="/wiki/Turgot_of_Durham" title="Turgot of Durham">Turgot of Durham</a>, Margaret died at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> in 1093, merely days after receiving the news of her husband and son's deaths in battle. </p><p>In 1250, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Canonised" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonised">canonised</a> Margaret, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine in <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. Her relics were dispersed after the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Scottish Reformation</a> and subsequently lost. <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, at one time owned her head, which was subsequently preserved by <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scots_College,_Douai" title="Scots College, Douai">Scots College, Douai</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, from where it was lost during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Margaret was the daughter of the English prince Edward the Exile and his wife Agatha, and also the granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside" title="Edmund Ironside">Edmund Ironside</a>, King of England.<sup id="cite_ref-selden_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Ironside in 1016, <a href="/wiki/Canute" class="mw-redirect" title="Canute">Canute</a> sent the infant Edward and his brother to the court of the Swedish king, <a href="/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung" title="Olof Skötkonung">Olof Skötkonung</a>, and they eventually made their way to <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>. As an adult, he travelled to Hungary, where in 1046 he supported the successful bid of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_I_of_Hungary" title="Andrew I of Hungary">King Andrew I</a> for the Hungarian crown. The provenance of Margaret's mother, <a href="/wiki/Agatha,_wife_of_Edward_the_Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile">Agatha</a>, is disputed, but Margaret was born in Hungary about 1045. Her brother <a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_%C3%86theling" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Ætheling">Edgar the Ætheling</a> and sister <a href="/wiki/Cristina,_daughter_of_Edward_the_Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristina, daughter of Edward the Exile">Cristina</a> were also born in Hungary around this time. Margaret grew up in a very religious environment in the Hungarian court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_England">Return to England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Return to England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Margaret came to England with the rest of her family when her father, <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Exile" title="Edward the Exile">Edward the Exile</a>, was recalled in 1057 as a possible successor to her granduncle, the childless <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">King Edward the Confessor</a>. Whether from natural or sinister causes, her father died immediately after landing, and Margaret, still a child, continued to reside at the English court where her brother, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_%C3%86theling" title="Edgar Ætheling">Edgar Ætheling</a>, was considered a possible successor to the English throne.<sup id="cite_ref-selden_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Edward the Confessor died in January 1066, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold Godwinson</a> was selected as king, possibly because Edgar was considered too young. After Harold's defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings" title="Battle of Hastings">Battle of Hastings</a> later that year, Edgar was proclaimed <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a>, but when the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> advanced on <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Witenagemot" class="mw-redirect" title="Witenagemot">Witenagemot</a> presented Edgar to <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, who took him to <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> before returning him to England in 1068, when Edgar, Margaret, Cristina, and their mother Agatha fled north to <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journey_to_Scotland">Journey to Scotland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Journey to Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to tradition, the widowed Agatha decided to leave <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, England with her children and return to the continent. However, a storm drove their ship north to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a>, where they were shipwrecked in 1068. There they were given refuge by <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">King Malcolm III</a>. The locus where it is believed that they landed is known today as St Margaret's Hope. Margaret's arrival in Scotland, after the failed revolt of the Northumbrian earls, has been heavily romanticised, though one medieval source suggested that she and Malcolm were first engaged nine years earlier. That is, according to <a href="/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis" title="Orderic Vitalis">Orderic Vitalis</a>, one of Malcolm's earliest actions as king was to travel to the court of <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>, in 1059 to arrange a marriage with "Edward's kinswoman Margaret, who had arrived in England two years before from <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> was plundered.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Symeon_of_Durham" title="Symeon of Durham">Symeon of Durham</a> implied that Margaret's first meeting with Malcolm III may not have been until 1070, after <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror's</a> <a href="/wiki/Harrying_of_the_North" title="Harrying of the North">Harrying of the North</a>. </p><p>Malcolm III was a widower, with two sons, Donald and Duncan, and would have been attracted to marrying one of the few remaining members of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> royal family. The marriage of Malcolm and Margaret occurred in 1070. Subsequently, Malcolm executed several invasions of <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> to support the claim of his new brother-in-law Edgar and to increase his own power. These, however, had little effect save the devastation of the county.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall190755_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall190755-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Progeny">Progeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Progeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Margaret and Malcolm had eight children – six sons and two daughters: </p> <ol><li>Edward (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1071 – 13 November 1093</span>), killed along with his father in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alnwick_(1093)" title="Battle of Alnwick (1093)">Battle of Alnwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Scotland" title="Edmund of Scotland">Edmund</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1071 – post-1097</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelred_of_Scotland" title="Ethelred of Scotland">Ethelred</a>, abbot of <a href="/wiki/Dunkeld_Cathedral" title="Dunkeld Cathedral">Dunkeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Kinross" title="Perth and Kinross">Perth and Kinross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar of Scotland">Edgar</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1074 – 11 January 1107</span>), king of Scotland, reigned 1097–1107</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotland" title="Alexander I of Scotland">Alexander I</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1078 – 23 April 1124</span>), <a href="/wiki/King_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Scotland">King of Scotland</a>, reigned 1107–24</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith of Scotland">Edith</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1080 – 1 May 1118</span>), renamed Matilda, queen of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Scotland_(1082%E2%80%931116)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary of Scotland (1082–1116)">Mary</a> (1082–1116), countess of Boulogne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1084 – 24 May 1153</span>), king of Scotland, reigned 1124–53</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piety">Piety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Piety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malcolm_and_Margaret_at_Queensferry.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Malcolm_and_Margaret_at_Queensferry.JPG/220px-Malcolm_and_Margaret_at_Queensferry.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Malcolm_and_Margaret_at_Queensferry.JPG/330px-Malcolm_and_Margaret_at_Queensferry.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Malcolm_and_Margaret_at_Queensferry.JPG/440px-Malcolm_and_Margaret_at_Queensferry.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="4181" /></a><figcaption>Malcolm greeting Margaret at her arrival in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>; detail of a mural by Victorian artist <a href="/wiki/William_Hole_(artist)" title="William Hole (artist)">William Hole</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Margaret's biographer <a href="/wiki/Turgot_of_Durham" title="Turgot of Durham">Turgot of Durham</a>, Bishop of St. Andrew's, credits her with having a civilizing influence on her husband Malcolm by reading him narratives from the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. She instigated religious reform, striving to conform the worship and practices of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Church">Church in Scotland</a> to those of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. This she did on the inspiration and with the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Lanfranc" title="Lanfranc">Lanfranc</a>, a future <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">archbishop of Canterbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-menzies_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menzies-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also worked to conform the practices of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Church">Scottish Church</a> to those of the continental Church, which she experienced in her childhood. Due to these achievements, she was considered an exemplar of the "just ruler", and moreover influenced her husband and children, especially her youngest son, the future King <a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I of Scotland</a>, to be just and holy rulers. </p><p>"The chroniclers all agree in depicting Queen Margaret as a strong, pure, noble character, who had very great influence over her husband, and through him over Scottish history, especially in its ecclesiastical aspects. Her religion, which was genuine and intense, was of the newest Roman style; and to her are attributed a number of reforms by which the Church [in] Scotland was considerably modified from the insular and primitive type which down to her time it had exhibited. Among those expressly mentioned are a change in the manner of observing <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, which thenceforward began as elsewhere on Ash Wednesday and not as previously on the following Monday, and the abolition of the old practice of observing Saturday (Sabbath), not Sunday, as the day of rest from labour (for more information on this issue see Skene's <i>Celtic Scotland</i>, book ii chap. 8)." </p><p>She attended to charitable works, serving orphans and the poor every day before she ate and washing the feet of the poor in imitation of Christ. She rose at midnight every night to attend the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a>. She successfully invited the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine Order">Benedictine Order</a> to establish a monastery in <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a> in 1072, and established ferries at <a href="/wiki/South_Queensferry" title="South Queensferry">Queensferry</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick" title="North Berwick">North Berwick</a> to assist pilgrims journeying from south of the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> to St. Andrew's in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>. She used a cave on the banks of the Tower Burn in <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a> as a place of devotion and prayer. St. Margaret's Cave, now covered beneath a municipal car park, is open to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other deeds, Margaret also instigated the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Iona_Abbey" title="Iona Abbey">Iona Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ashley_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also known to have interceded for the release of fellow English exiles who had been forced into <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalrymple1776_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalrymple1776-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Margaret was as pious privately as she was publicly. She spent much of her time in prayer, devotional reading, and ecclesiastical embroidery. This apparently had considerable effect on Malcolm, who (with questions of bias) has been portrayed as illiterate: he so admired her piety that he had her books decorated in gold and silver. One of these, a <a href="/wiki/Pocket_gospel_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket gospel book">pocket gospel book</a> with <a href="/wiki/Evangelist_portrait" title="Evangelist portrait">portraits of the Evangelists</a>, is in the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer1997_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/St._Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg/150px-St._Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/St._Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg/225px-St._Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/St._Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg/300px-St._Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1879" /></a><figcaption>Relief sculpture of St. Margaret of Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Malcolm was apparently largely ignorant of the long-term effects of Margaret's endeavours, not being especially religious himself. He was content for her to pursue her reforms as she desired, which was a testament to the strength of and affection in their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-ashley_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St. Margaret's husband <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm III</a>, and their eldest son Edward, were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alnwick_(1093)" title="Battle of Alnwick (1093)">Battle of Alnwick</a> against the English on 13 November 1093. Her son <a href="/wiki/Edgar_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar of Scotland">Edgar</a> was left with the task of informing his mother of their deaths. Not yet 50 years old, Margaret died on 16 November 1093, three days after the deaths of her husband and eldest son. The cause of death was reportedly grief. She was buried before the high altar in <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. In 1250, the year of her <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>, her body and that of her husband were exhumed and placed in a new shrine in the Abbey. In 1560, <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a> had Margaret's head removed to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> as a relic to assist her in childbirth. In 1597, Margaret's head ended up with the Jesuits at the <a href="/wiki/Scots_College,_Douai" title="Scots College, Douai">Scots College, Douai</a>, France, but was lost during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> had the other remains of Margaret and Malcolm III transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Escorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Escorial">Escorial</a> palace in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, but their present location has not been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2013134_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2013134-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canonization_and_feast_day">Canonization and feast day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canonization and feast day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StMargareth_edinburgh_castle2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/StMargareth_edinburgh_castle2.jpg/175px-StMargareth_edinburgh_castle2.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/StMargareth_edinburgh_castle2.jpg/263px-StMargareth_edinburgh_castle2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/StMargareth_edinburgh_castle2.jpg/350px-StMargareth_edinburgh_castle2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Image of Saint Margaret in a window in Edinburgh</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> canonised St. Margaret in 1250 in recognition of her personal holiness, fidelity to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, work for ecclesiastical reform, and charity. On 19 June 1250, after her canonisation, her remains were transferred to a chapel in the eastern apse of <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2013121_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2013121-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1693 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XII" title="Pope Innocent XII">Pope Innocent XII</a> moved her feast day to 10 June in recognition of the birthdate of the son of <a href="/wiki/James_VII_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VII of Scotland">James VII of Scotland</a> and II of England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2013134_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2013134-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">revision</a> of the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> in 1969, 16 November became free and the Church transferred her <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> to 16 November, the date of her death, on which it always had been observed in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist Catholics">traditionalist Catholics</a> continue to celebrate her feast day on 10 June. </p><p>She is also venerated as a saint in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>. Margaret is honoured in the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Church of England</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a> on <a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">16 November</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions_bearing_her_name">Institutions bearing her name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Institutions bearing her name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Margaret_of_Scotland,_Twickenham" title="Church of St Margaret of Scotland, Twickenham">Church of St Margaret of Scotland, Twickenham</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret_the_Queen,_Buxted" title="St Margaret the Queen, Buxted">St Margaret the Queen, Buxted</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_Chapel,_Edinburgh" title="St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh">St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret_of_Scotland,_Aberdeen" title="St Margaret of Scotland, Aberdeen">St Margaret of Scotland, Aberdeen</a>; <a href="/wiki/St._Margaret%27s_Episcopal_School" title="St. Margaret's Episcopal School">St. Margaret's Episcopal School</a>; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_Margaret_University,_Edinburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh (page does not exist)">Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh</a></div> <p>Several churches throughout the world are dedicated in honour of St Margaret. One of the oldest is <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_Chapel,_Edinburgh" title="St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh">St Margaret's Chapel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, which her son <a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">King David I</a> founded. The Chapel was long thought to have been the oratory of Margaret herself, but is now thought to have been established in the 12th century. The oldest edifice in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, it was restored in the 19th century and refurbished in the 1990s. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Site_of_the_shrine_of_St._Margaret,_Dunfermline_Abbey_Fife.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Site of the ruined Shrine of St. Margaret at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland"><img alt="Site of the ruined Shrine of St. Margaret at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Site_of_the_shrine_of_St._Margaret%2C_Dunfermline_Abbey_Fife.jpg/240px-Site_of_the_shrine_of_St._Margaret%2C_Dunfermline_Abbey_Fife.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Site_of_the_shrine_of_St._Margaret%2C_Dunfermline_Abbey_Fife.jpg/360px-Site_of_the_shrine_of_St._Margaret%2C_Dunfermline_Abbey_Fife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Site_of_the_shrine_of_St._Margaret%2C_Dunfermline_Abbey_Fife.jpg/480px-Site_of_the_shrine_of_St._Margaret%2C_Dunfermline_Abbey_Fife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Site of the ruined Shrine of St. Margaret at <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, Scotland</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Margarets_Chapel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="St Margaret's Chapel in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland"><img alt="St Margaret's Chapel in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/St_Margarets_Chapel.JPG/240px-St_Margarets_Chapel.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/St_Margarets_Chapel.JPG/360px-St_Margarets_Chapel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/St_Margarets_Chapel.JPG/480px-St_Margarets_Chapel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_Chapel,_Edinburgh" title="St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh">St Margaret's Chapel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Margaret%27s_(Roman_Catholic)_Church,_Dunfermline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Margaret's Church in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland"><img alt="St Margaret's Church in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/St_Margaret%27s_%28Roman_Catholic%29_Church%2C_Dunfermline.jpg/240px-St_Margaret%27s_%28Roman_Catholic%29_Church%2C_Dunfermline.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/St_Margaret%27s_%28Roman_Catholic%29_Church%2C_Dunfermline.jpg/360px-St_Margaret%27s_%28Roman_Catholic%29_Church%2C_Dunfermline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/St_Margaret%27s_%28Roman_Catholic%29_Church%2C_Dunfermline.jpg/480px-St_Margaret%27s_%28Roman_Catholic%29_Church%2C_Dunfermline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">St Margaret's Church in <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, Scotland</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">List of Catholic saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scottish consorts">List of Scottish consorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_Chapel,_Edinburgh" title="St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh">St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret University</a>, Edinburgh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_College_(Glasgow)" title="Queen Margaret College (Glasgow)">Queen Margaret College, Glasgow</a>, former college in Glasgow that merged with <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow University">Glasgow University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_Union" title="Queen Margaret Union">Queen Margaret Union, Glasgow</a> student union at <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow University">Glasgow University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church/Patron_Archive/November_16" title="Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/November 16">Saint Margaret of Scotland, patron saint archive</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/21px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/42px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hungary" title="Portal:Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-selden-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-selden_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-selden_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-selden_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saintmargaret.com/pages/stmargaret.htm">"St. Margaret Queen of Scotland", St.Margaret of Scotland Church, Selden, New York</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516033519/http://saintmargaret.com/pages/stmargaret.htm">Archived</a> 16 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, p. 43; Ritchie, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, p. 43; Oram, <i>David I</i>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall190755-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall190755_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1907">Marshall 1907</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-menzies-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-menzies_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMenzies2007" class="citation book cs1">Menzies, Lucy (2007). <i>St. Margaret Queen of Scotland</i> (reprint ed.). Edinburgh: The St. Margaret's Chapel Guild. pp. 16–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+Margaret+Queen+of+Scotland&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=16-23&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=The+St.+Margaret%27s+Chapel+Guild&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Menzies&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110910150100/http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,SIG49370Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home/home.html">"St Margaret's Cave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VisitScotland" title="VisitScotland">VisitScotland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,SIG49370Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home/home.html">the original</a> on 10 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Margaret%27s+Cave&rft.pub=VisitScotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguide.visitscotland.com%2Fvs%2Fguide%2F5%2Cen%2CSCH1%2FobjectId%2CSIG49370Svs%2Ccurr%2CGBP%2Cseason%2Cat1%2CselectedEntry%2Chome%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ashley-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ashley_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ashley_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshley1999" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, Mike (1999). <i>The mammoth book of British kings and queens</i>. London: Robinson Publishers. p. 399. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84119-096-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84119-096-9"><bdi>1-84119-096-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mammoth+book+of+British+kings+and+queens&rft.place=London&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=Robinson+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-84119-096-9&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalrymple1776-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalrymple1776_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalrymple1776" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Dalrymple, Sir David (1776). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NeQ7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA40"><i>Annales of Scotland</i></a>. Vol. 1 : From the accession of Malcolm III. surnamed Canmore, to the accession of Robert I. Balfour & Smellie. pp. 40–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+of+Scotland&rft.pages=40-&rft.pub=Balfour+%26+Smellie&rft.date=1776&rft.aulast=Dalrymple&rft.aufirst=Sir+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNeQ7AQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmer1997-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farmer1997_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer1997" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, David Hugh (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x0DQngEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Saints</i></a> (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280058-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280058-9"><bdi>978-0-19-280058-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Saints&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280058-9&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=David+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx0DQngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2013134-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2013134_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2013134_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2013">Keene 2013</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2013121-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2013121_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2013">Keene 2013</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&rft.atitle=The+Calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bEq7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</i></a>. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4"><bdi>978-1-64065-235-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-235-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEq7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Margaret, St, Queen of Scotland"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Margaret,_St,_Queen_of_Scotland">"Margaret, St, Queen of Scotland" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 701.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Margaret%2C+St%2C+Queen+of+Scotland&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=701&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Duncan, A.A.M., The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeene2013" class="citation book cs1">Keene, Catherine (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9yWwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134"><i>Saint Margaret, Queen of the Scots: A Life in Perspective</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-03564-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-03564-6"><bdi>978-1-137-03564-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Margaret%2C+Queen+of+the+Scots%3A+A+Life+in+Perspective&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-137-03564-6&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9yWwAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1907" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Henrietta Elizabeth (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotlandsstoryhi00mars/page/54/mode/2up">"Ch. XIII Malcolm Canmore - How Saint Margaret Came to Scotland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Story" title="Scotland's Story"><i>Scotland's Story: A History of Scotland for Boys and Girls</i></a>. Thomas Nelson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+XIII+Malcolm+Canmore+-+How+Saint+Margaret+Came+to+Scotland&rft.btitle=Scotland%27s+Story%3A+A+History+of+Scotland+for+Boys+and+Girls&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Henrietta+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotlandsstoryhi00mars%2Fpage%2F54%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Margaret+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Oram, Richard, David I: The King Who Made Scotland. Tempus, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 0-7524-2825-X</li> <li>Ritchie, R. L. Graeme, The Normans in Scotland, Edinburgh University Press, 1954</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Kings_of_Alba" title="Chronicle of the Kings of Alba">Chronicle of the Kings of Alba</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Ogilvie_Anderson" title="Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson">Anderson, Marjorie O.</a> (ed.). <i>Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland</i>. 2nd ed. Edinburgh, 1980. 249-53.</li> <li>Hudson, B.T. (ed. and tr.). <i>Scottish Historical Review</i> 77 (1998): 129–61.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Orr_Anderson" title="Alan Orr Anderson">Anderson, Alan Orr</a> (tr.). <i>Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286</i>. Vol. 1. Edinburgh, 1923. Reprinted in 1990 (with corrections).</li></ul></li> <li>Turgot of Durham, <i>Vita S. Margaritae (Scotorum) Reginae</i>. <ul><li>Ed. and trans. Catherine Keene, in <i>Saint Margaret, Queen of the Scots: A Life in Perspective</i>, New York, 2013, Appendix: Translation of the Dunfermline <i>Vita</i>, pp. 135–221.</li> <li>Ed. J. Hodgson Hinde, <i>Symeonis Dunelmensis opera et collectanea</i>. Surtees Society 51. 1868. 234-54 (Appendix III).</li> <li>tr. William Forbes-Leith, SJ, <i>Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland by Turgot, Bishop of St Andrews</i>. Edinburgh, 1884. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofstmargaret00turguoft">PDF available from the Internet Archive</a>. Third Edition. 1896.</li> <li>Trans. anon., <i>The Life and Times of Saint Margaret, Queen and Patroness of Scotland</i>. London, 1890. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifetimesofsaint00londuoft">PDF available from the Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>, <i>Gesta regum Anglorum</i>. <ul><li>Ed. and trans. R. A. B. Mynors, R. M. Thomson, and M. Winterbottom, <i>William of Malmesbury. Gesta Regum Anglorum. The History of the English Kings</i>. OMT. Vol 1. Oxford, 1998.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis" title="Orderic Vitalis">Orderic Vitalis</a>, <i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> <ul><li>Ed. and trans. <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Chibnall" title="Marjorie Chibnall">Marjorie Chibnall</a>, <i>The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis</i>. 6 vols. OMT. Oxford, 1968–80.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Worcester" title="John of Worcester">John of Worcester</a>, <i>Chronicle (of Chronicles)</i>. <ul><li>Ed. B. Thorpe, <i>Florentii Wigorniensis monachi chronicon ex chronicis</i>. 2 vols. London, 1848-9.</li> <li>Trans. J. Stevenson, <i>Church Historians of England</i>. Vol. 2.1. London, 1855. P. 171–372.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Capgrave" title="John Capgrave">John Capgrave</a>, <i>Nova Legenda Angliae</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctorum" title="Acta Sanctorum">Acta Sanctorum</a></i> Vol. 2, June, 320. London, 1515. 225.</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Secondary literature</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Baker, D. "A Nursery of Saints: St Margaret of Scotland Reconsidered." In <i>Medieval Women</i>, ed. D. Baker. SCH. Subsidia 1. 1978.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphons_Bellesheim" title="Alphons Bellesheim">Bellesheim, Alphons</a>. <i>History of the Catholic Church in Scotland.</i> Vol 3, trans. Blair. Edinburgh, 1890. pp. 241–63.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Butler" title="Alban Butler">Butler, Alban</a>. <i>Lives of the Saints</i>. 10 June.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Challoner" title="Richard Challoner">Challoner, Richard</a>. <i>Britannia Sancta, I</i>. London, 1745. P. 358.</li> <li>Dunlop, Eileen, <i>Queen Margaret of Scotland</i>, 2005, NMS Enterprises Limited – Publishing, Edinburgh, 978 1 901663 92 1.</li> <li>Huneycutt, L.L. "The Idea of a Perfect Princess: the <i>Life of St Margaret</i> in the Reign of Matilda II (1100–1118)." <i>Anglo-Norman Studies</i>, 12 (1989): pp. 81–97.</li> <li>Madan. <i>The Evangelistarium of St. Margaret in Academy</i>. 1887.</li> <li>Parsons, John Carmi. <i>Medieval Mothering</i>. 1996.</li> <li>Olsen, Ted. <i>Kristendommen og Kelterne Forlaget</i>. Oslo: Forlaget Luther, 2008. (P. 170). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-531-4564-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-531-4564-8">978-82-531-4564-8</a>. <b>Norwegian</b>.</li> <li>Skene, W.F. <i>Celtic Scotland</i>. Edinburgh.</li> <li>Stanton, Richard. <i>Menology of England and Wales.</i> London, 1887. P. 544.</li> <li>Wilson, A.J. <i>St Margaret, Queen of Scotland</i>. 1993.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Margaret_of_Wessex,_Queen_of_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Margaret of Wessex, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex, Queen of Scotland</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pase.ac.uk/jsp/persons/CreatePersonFrames.jsp?personKey=18382">Margaret 1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England">Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp86910">Portraits of Queen Margaret of Scotland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230507#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/cannypublishing/gallery/sqf_arms1.html">The Heraldry of Queensferry</a>, which provides the best information and images, interspliced throughout the page, on St. Margaret's arms and their variations.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031207165027/http://www.pitt.edu/~eflst4/MofScotland.html">University of Pittsburgh: <i>Margaret of Scotland</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09655c.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: <i>St. Margaret of Scotland</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185217/http://mw.mcmaster.ca/scriptorium/margaret.html">Medieval Women: <i>The Life Of St Margaret, Queen Of Scotland</i> </a> By Turgot, Bishop of St Andrews Ed. William Forbes-Leith, S.J. Third Edition. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1896 . Retrieved 14 March 2011.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_royal_consorts" title="List of Scottish royal consorts">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_consorts" title="List of British royal consorts">British</a> royal consorts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in England until 1603</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Shaftesbury" title="Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury">Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Damerham" title="Æthelflæd of Damerham">Æthelflæd of Damerham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_(wife_of_Eadwig)" title="Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)">Ælfgifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth_(wife_of_Edgar)" title="Ælfthryth (wife of Edgar)">Ælfthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_York" title="Ælfgifu of York">Ælfgifu of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_the_Haughty" title="Sigrid the Haughty">Sigrid the Haughty</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tos%C5%82awa" title="Świętosława">Świętosława</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdgyth_(wife_of_Edmund_Ironside)" title="Ealdgyth (wife of Edmund Ironside)">Ealdgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Mercia" title="Edith of Mercia">Edith of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Flanders" title="Matilda of Flanders">Matilda of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_I,_Countess_of_Boulogne" title="Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne">Matilda of Boulogne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey Plantagenet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England_and_Hungary" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary">Margaret of France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England">Margaret of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_England" title="Joan of Navarre, Queen of England">Joan of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Guildford_Dudley" title="Lord Guildford Dudley">Guildford Dudley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gruoch" title="Gruoch">Gruoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibiorg Finnsdottir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelreda_(daughter_of_Gospatric)" title="Ethelreda (daughter of Gospatric)">Ethelreda of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybilla_of_Normandy" title="Sybilla of Normandy">Sybilla of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud,_Countess_of_Huntingdon" title="Maud, Countess of Huntingdon">Maud of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont">Ermengarde de Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Joan of England, Queen of Scotland">Joan of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_England" title="Margaret of England">Margaret of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland">Yolande de Dreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Burgh" title="Elizabeth de Burgh">Elizabeth de Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_the_Tower" title="Joan of the Tower">Joan of the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Drummond,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret Drummond, Queen of Scotland">Margaret Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_de_Ross" title="Euphemia de Ross">Euphemia de Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabella_Drummond" title="Anabella Drummond">Anabella Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots">Joan Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders" title="Mary of Guelders">Mary of Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_of_Valois" title="Madeleine of Valois">Madeleine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell">James Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Royal_consorts_in_England_and_Scotland_after_the_Union_of_the_Crowns_from_1603"> <ul><li><b>Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> from 1603</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_British_royal_consorts_after_the_Acts_of_Union_1707"> <ul><li><b>British royal consorts after the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach" title="Caroline of Ansbach">Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick" title="Caroline of Brunswick">Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="Template:Anglo-Saxon saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="Template talk:Anglo-Saxon saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Saxon saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="List of Anglo-Saxon saints">Saints of Anglo-Saxon England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British / Welsh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Aldate" title="Saint Aldate">Aldate of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Barloc">Barloc of Norbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brannoc_of_Braunton" title="Brannoc of Braunton">Brannoc of Braunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branwalator" title="Branwalator">Branwalator of Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credan" title="Credan">Credan of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congar_of_Congresbury" title="Congar of Congresbury">Congar of Congresbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachuna" title="Dachuna">Dachuna of Bodmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decuman" title="Decuman">Decuman of Watchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_of_Warrington" title="Elfin of Warrington">Elfin of Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_of_Ramsey" title="Ivo of Ramsey">Ivo of Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judoc" title="Judoc">Judoc of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melor" title="Melor">Melorius of Amesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectan_of_Hartland" title="Nectan of Hartland">Nectan of Hartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Neot_(monk)" title="Saint Neot (monk)">Neot of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumon">Rumon of Tavistock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_of_Dol" title="Samson of Dol">Samson of Dol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sativola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sativola">Sativola of Exeter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Anglian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_II_of_East_Anglia" title="Æthelberht II of East Anglia">Æthelberht of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelburh_of_Faremoutiers" title="Æthelburh of Faremoutiers">Æthelburh of Faremoutiers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Ramsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelflæd of Ramsey (page does not exist)">Æthelflæd of Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwine_of_Lindsey" title="Æthelwine of Lindsey">Æthelwine of Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adulf" title="Adulf">Athwulf of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Blida" title="Saint Blida">Blida of Martham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botwulf_of_Thorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Botwulf of Thorney">Botwulf of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cissa_of_Crowland" title="Cissa of Crowland">Cissa of Crowland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuthbald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuthbald (page does not exist)">Cuthbald of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_the_Martyr" title="Edmund the Martyr">Eadmund of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadnoth_the_Younger" title="Eadnoth the Younger">Eadnoth of Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthlac_of_Crowland" title="Guthlac of Crowland">Guthlac of Crowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefrith_of_Thorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Herefrith of Thorney">Herefrith of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiurmine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiurmine (page does not exist)">Hiurmine of Blythburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huna_of_Thorney" title="Huna of Thorney">Huna of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pega" title="Pega">Pega of Peakirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaxburh_of_Ely" title="Seaxburh of Ely">Seaxburh of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigeberht_of_East_Anglia" title="Sigeberht of East Anglia">Sigeberht of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs_of_Thorney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyrs of Thorney (page does not exist)">Tancred of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs_of_Thorney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyrs of Thorney (page does not exist)">Torthred of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs_of_Thorney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyrs of Thorney (page does not exist)">Tova of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Walstan" title="Saint Walstan">Walstan of Bawburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendreda" title="Wendreda">Wendreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wihtburh" title="Wihtburh">Wihtburh of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfric_of_Holme" title="Wulfric of Holme">Wulfric of Holme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelburh_of_Barking" title="Æthelburh of Barking">Æthelburh of Barking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildelith" title="Hildelith">Hildelith of Barking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osgyth" title="Osgyth">Osgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6bbi_of_Essex" title="Sæbbi of Essex">Sæbbi of London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frisian, <br />Frankish<br /> and Old Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Romsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balthild of Romsey (page does not exist)">Balthild of Romsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Kent" title="Bertha of Kent">Bertha of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_of_Burgundy" title="Felix of Burgundy">Felix of Dommoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimbald" title="Grimbald">Grimbald of St Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monegunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monegunda (page does not exist)">Monegunda of Watton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odwulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odwulf (page does not exist)">Odwulf of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfram_of_Sens" title="Wulfram of Sens">Wulfram of Grantham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Irish and Scottish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_of_Lindisfarne" title="Aidan of Lindisfarne">Aidan of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boisil" title="Boisil">Boisil of Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echa_of_Crayke" class="mw-redirect" title="Echa of Crayke">Echa of Crayke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultan_the_Scribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultan the Scribe (page does not exist)">Ultan the Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indract_of_Glastonbury" title="Indract of Glastonbury">Indract of Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Dub" title="Máel Dub">Maildub of Malmesbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kentish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domne_Eafe" title="Domne Eafe">Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelburh_of_Kent" title="Æthelburh of Kent">Æthelburh of Kent </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_and_%C3%86thelberht" title="Æthelred and Æthelberht">Æthelred of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albinus_(abbot)" title="Albinus (abbot)">Albinus of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhtwald" title="Berhtwald">Berhtwald of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deusdedit_of_Canterbury" title="Deusdedit of Canterbury">Deusdedit of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edburga_of_Minster-in-Thanet" title="Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet">Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanswith" title="Eanswith">Eanswith of Folkestone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eormengyth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eormengyth (page does not exist)">Eormengyth of Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildrith" title="Mildrith">Mildrith of Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothhelm" title="Nothhelm">Nothhelm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigeburh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigeburh (page does not exist)">Sigeburh of Thanet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mercian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfnoth_of_Stowe" title="Ælfnoth of Stowe">Ælfnoth of Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth_of_Crowland" title="Ælfthryth of Crowland">Ælfthryth of Crowland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelberht_of_Bedford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelberht of Bedford (page does not exist)">Æthelberht of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelmod_of_Leominster" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelmod of Leominster">Æthelmod of Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_of_Mercia" title="Æthelred of Mercia">Æthelred of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelwynn_of_Sodbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelwynn of Sodbury (page does not exist)">Æthelwynn of Sodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldwyn_of_Coln" title="Aldwyn of Coln">Aldwyn of Coln</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beonna_of_Breedon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beonna of Breedon (page does not exist)">Beonna of Breedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beorhthelm_of_Stafford" title="Beorhthelm of Stafford">Beorhthelm of Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenwulf_of_Mercia" title="Coenwulf of Mercia">Coenwulf of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotta_of_Breedon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotta of Breedon (page does not exist)">Cotta of Breedon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credan_of_Evesham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Credan of Evesham (page does not exist)">Credan of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyneburga,_Kyneswide_and_Tibba" title="Kyneburga, Kyneswide and Tibba">Cyneburh of Castor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyneburh_of_Gloucester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyneburh of Gloucester (page does not exist)">Cyneburh of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kenelm" title="Saint Kenelm">Cynehelm of Winchcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyneswith" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyneswith">Cyneswith of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadburh_of_Bicester" title="Eadburh of Bicester">Eadburh of Bicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadburh_of_Pershore" class="mw-redirect" title="Eadburh of Pershore">Eadburh of Pershore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eadburh_of_Southwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eadburh of Southwell (page does not exist)">Eadburh of Southwell </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadgyth_of_Aylesbury" title="Eadgyth of Aylesbury">Eadgyth of Aylesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eadweard_of_Maugersbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eadweard of Maugersbury (page does not exist)">Eadweard of Maugersbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdgyth_of_Stortford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ealdgyth of Stortford">Ealdgyth of Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earconwald" title="Earconwald">Earconwald of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egwin_of_Evesham" title="Egwin of Evesham">Egwin of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freomund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freomund (page does not exist)">Freomund of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithuric" class="mw-redirect" title="Frithuric">Frithuric of Breedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithuswith" title="Frithuswith">Frithuswith of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithuwold_of_Chertsey" title="Frithuwold of Chertsey">Frithuwold of Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A6mma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hæmma (page does not exist)">Hæmma of Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merefin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merefin (page does not exist)">Merefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildburh" title="Mildburh">Mildburh of Wenlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildgyth" title="Mildgyth">Mildgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildrith" title="Mildrith">Mildrith of Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milred" title="Milred">Milred of Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_of_Canterbury" title="Oda of Canterbury">Oda of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">Oswald of Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osburh_of_Coventry" title="Osburh of Coventry">Osburh of Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regenhere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regenhere (page does not exist)">Regenhere of Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumbold_of_Buckingham" title="Rumbold of Buckingham">Rumbold of Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyneburga,_Kyneswide_and_Tibba" title="Kyneburga, Kyneswide and Tibba">Tibba of Ryhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werburgh" title="Werburgh">Werburgh of Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A6rstan" title="Wærstan">Wærstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigstan" title="Wigstan">Wigstan of Repton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wulfhild_of_Barking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wulfhild of Barking (page does not exist)">Wulfhild of Barking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northumbrian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acca_of_Hexham" title="Acca of Hexham">Acca of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86bbe_of_Coldingham" title="Æbbe of Coldingham">Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86bbe_the_Younger" title="Æbbe the Younger">Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lffl%C3%A6d_of_Whitby" title="Ælfflæd of Whitby">Ælfflæd of Whitby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_I_of_Northumbria" title="Ælfwald I of Northumbria">Ælfwald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelburh_of_Hackness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelburh of Hackness (page does not exist)">Æthelburh of Hackness</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelgyth_of_Coldingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelgyth of Coldingham (page does not exist)">Æthelgyth of Coldingham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelsige_of_Ripon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelsige of Ripon (page does not exist)">Æthelsige of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_(hermit)" title="Æthelwold (hermit)">Æthelwold of Farne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_(bishop_of_Lindisfarne)" title="Æthelwold (bishop of Lindisfarne)">Æthelwold of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchhild_of_Middleham" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchhild of Middleham">Alchhild of Middleham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchmund_of_Hexham" title="Alchmund of Hexham">Alchmund of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkmund_of_Derby" title="Alkmund of Derby">Alkmund of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldred_of_Tyninghame" title="Baldred of Tyninghame">Balthere of Tyningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Beda of Jarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Bega" title="Saint Bega">Bega of Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Biscop" title="Benedict Biscop">Benedict Biscop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bercthun" title="Bercthun">Bercthun of Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billfrith" title="Billfrith">Billfrith of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosa_of_York" title="Bosa of York">Bosa of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botwine" title="Botwine">Botwine of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">Ceadda of Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedd" title="Cedd">Cedd of Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolfrith" title="Ceolfrith">Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_of_Northumbria" title="Ceolwulf of Northumbria">Ceolwulf of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert of Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryhthelm" title="Dryhthelm">Dryhthelm of Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadberht_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eadberht of Lindisfarne">Eadberht of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadfrith_of_Leominster" title="Eadfrith of Leominster">Eadfrith of Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadfrith_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eadfrith of Lindisfarne">Eadfrith of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Eadwine of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdberht_of_Ripon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ealdberht of Ripon">Ealdberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Eanmund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Eanmund (page does not exist)">Eanmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eardwulf_of_Northumbria" title="Eardwulf of Northumbria">Eardwulf of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eata_of_Hexham" title="Eata of Hexham">Eata of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht_of_Ripon" title="Ecgberht of Ripon">Ecgberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoda (page does not exist)">Eoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosterwine" title="Eosterwine">Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_of_Whitby" title="Hilda of Whitby">Hilda of Whitby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyglac" title="Hyglac">Hyglac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwig" title="Iwig">Iwig of Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Beverley" title="John of Beverley">John of Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osana" title="Osana">Osana of Howden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osthryth" title="Osthryth">Osthryth of Bardney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswine_of_Deira" title="Oswine of Deira">Oswine of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicgred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicgred">Sicgred of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigfrith" title="Sigfrith">Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatberht" title="Tatberht">Tatberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wihtberht" title="Wihtberht">Wihtberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrith of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_II_(bishop_of_York)" title="Wilfrid II (bishop of York)">Wilfrith II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilgils" title="Wilgils">Wilgils of Ripon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firmin_of_North_Crawley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firmin of North Crawley (page does not exist)">Firmin of North Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birinus" title="Birinus">Birinus of Dorchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Blaise" title="Saint Blaise">Blaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentius_of_Peterborough" title="Florentius of Peterborough">Florentius of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_of_Canterbury" title="Adrian of Canterbury">Hadrian of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_of_Canterbury" title="Honorius of Canterbury">Honorius of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Deacon" title="James the Deacon">James the Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus" title="Justus">Justus of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Canterbury" title="Laurence of Canterbury">Laurence of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_of_York" title="Paulinus of York">Paulinus of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Canterbury" title="Peter of Canterbury">Peter of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Tarsus" title="Theodore of Tarsus">Theodore of Canterbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuthfl%C3%A6d" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthflæd">Cuthflæd of Lyminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthmann_of_Steyning" title="Cuthmann of Steyning">Cuthmann of Steyning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewina" title="Lewina">Lewina of Bishopstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86bbe_of_Oxford" title="Æbbe of Oxford">Æbbe of Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgar_of_Selwood" title="Ælfgar of Selwood">Ælfgar of Selwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Exeter" title="Ælfgifu of Exeter">Ælfgifu of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Shaftesbury" title="Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury">Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury" title="Ælfheah of Canterbury">Ælfheah of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_the_Bald" title="Ælfheah the Bald">Ælfheah of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Romsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelflæd of Romsey">Æthelflæd of Romsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelgar" title="Æthelgar">Æthelgar of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelnoth_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury)">Æthelnoth of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwine_of_Athelney" title="Æthelwine of Athelney">Æthelwine of Athelney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_of_Winchester" title="Æthelwold of Winchester">Æthelwold of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldhelm" title="Aldhelm">Aldhelm of Sherborne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benignus_of_Glastonbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benignus of Glastonbury (page does not exist)">Benignus of Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beocca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beocca (page does not exist)">Beocca of Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beorhthelm_of_Shaftesbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury (page does not exist)">Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beornstan_of_Winchester" title="Beornstan of Winchester">Beornstan of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beornwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Beornwald">Beornwald of Bampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centwine_of_Wessex" title="Centwine of Wessex">Centwine of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthburh" title="Cuthburh">Cuthburh of Wimborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwenburh" title="Cwenburh">Cwenburh of Wimborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan">Dunstan of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadburh_of_Winchester" title="Eadburh of Winchester">Eadburh of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Peaceful" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Peaceful">Eadgar of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Polesworth" title="Edith of Polesworth">Eadgyth of Polesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wilton" title="Edith of Wilton">Eadgyth of Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Eadweard the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Martyr" title="Edward the Martyr">Eadweard the Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwold_of_Cerne" title="Eadwold of Cerne">Eadwold of Cerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earmund" class="mw-redirect" title="Earmund">Earmund of Stoke Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edor" class="mw-redirect" title="Edor">Edor of Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everilda" title="Everilda">Evorhilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithestan" title="Frithestan">Frithestan of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6dde" title="Hædde">Hædde of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humbert_of_Stokenham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humbert of Stokenham (page does not exist)">Humbert of Stokenham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hwita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hwita (page does not exist)">Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6rwynn" title="Mærwynn">Mærwynn of Romsey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret of Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swithun" title="Swithun">Swithhun of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfsige_of_Sherborne" title="Wulfsige of Sherborne">Wulfsige of Sherborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfthryth_of_Wilton" title="Wulfthryth of Wilton">Wulfthryth of Wilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclear origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arilda_of_Oldbury" title="Arilda of Oldbury">Arilda of Oldbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juthwara" title="Juthwara">Juthwara of Sherbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumbold_of_Mechlin" title="Rumbold of Mechlin">Rumbold of Mechlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urith" title="Urith">Urith of Chittlehampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/21px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/32px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/42px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="222" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Royalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Royalty">Royalty</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230507#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230507#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230507#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000037426276X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/26151776733018010844">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1832872/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvcYXHFyr8vYXGbfjpQMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129726990">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80056907">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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