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Aaronson</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M.C._v._Aaronson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ovotesticular syndrome</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravi_hermafroditizam" title="Pravi hermafroditizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pravi hermafroditizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αληθής ερμαφροδιτισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αληθής ερμαφροδιτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafroditismo_verdadero" title="Hermafroditismo verdadero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hermafroditismo verdadero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%B8%EB%82%A8%EB%85%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AA%B8%EC%A6%9D" title="참남녀한몸증 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="참남녀한몸증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echt_hermafroditisme" title="Echt hermafroditisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Echt hermafroditisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E7%B2%BE%E5%B7%A3%E6%80%A7%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E5%8C%96%E7%96%BE%E6%82%A3" title="卵精巣性性分化疾患 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="卵精巣性性分化疾患" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafroditismo_verdadeiro" title="Hermafroditismo verdadeiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hermafroditismo verdadeiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Истинный гермафродитизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Истинный гермафродитизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89" title="ภาวะกะเทยแท้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาวะกะเทยแท้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Справжній гермафродитизм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Справжній гермафродитизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=True_hermaphroditism&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="True hermaphroditism">True hermaphroditism</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Ovotesticular Syndrome</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Ovotesticular disorder, OT-DSD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology" title="Obstetrics and gynaecology">Obstetrics and gynaecology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7847568?uselang=en#P1995" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">A condition where a person has a gonad that contains both ovarian and testicular tissue</div> <p><b>Ovotesticular syndrome</b> (also known as <b>ovotesticular disorder</b> or <b>OT-DSD</b>) is a rare congenital condition where an individual is born with both <a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">ovarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Testis" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis">testicular</a> tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lee_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the rarest <a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">DSDs</a>, with only 500 reported cases.<sup id="cite_ref-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonly, one or both <a href="/wiki/Gonad" title="Gonad">gonads</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Ovotestis" title="Ovotestis">ovotestis</a> containing both types of tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is similar in some ways to <a href="/wiki/Mixed_gonadal_dysgenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed gonadal dysgenesis">mixed gonadal dysgenesis</a>, the conditions can be distinguished histologically.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12379746_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12379746-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Intersex_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex in history">Intersex in history</a></div> <p>In the past, ovotesticular syndrome was referred to as <b>true hermaphroditism</b>, which is considered outdated as of 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "true hermaphroditism" was considered incredibly misleading by many medical organizations and by many advocacy groups,<sup id="cite_ref-Herndon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herndon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphroditism</a> refers to a species that produces both <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ova</a>, something that is impossible in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Mills_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptoms">Symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical">Physical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Physical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gynecomastia" title="Gynecomastia">Gynecomastia</a> (present in 75% of cases)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Small <a href="/wiki/Phallus" title="Phallus">phallus</a> midway in size between a clitoris and a penis<sup id="cite_ref-:12_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Incompletely closed <a href="/wiki/Urogenital_opening" title="Urogenital opening">urogenital opening</a> (shallow vagina)<sup id="cite_ref-:12_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abnormal urethra opening on the <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a><sup id="cite_ref-:12_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cognitive">Cognitive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cognitive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studies on the limited amount of cases on ovotesticular syndrome shows the condition does not cause cognitive impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first medical attempts to document cases appeared in the 16th century. Individuals with these conditions in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a> were looked down upon.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several ways in which this may occur. </p> <ul><li>It can be caused by the division of one <a href="/wiki/Ovum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovum">ovum</a>, followed by fertilization of each haploid ovum and fusion of the two <a href="/wiki/Zygotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygotes">zygotes</a> early in development</li> <li>Single gene mutations.</li> <li>Alternately, an ovum can be fertilized by two sperm followed by <a href="/wiki/Trisomic_rescue" title="Trisomic rescue">trisomic rescue</a> in one or more daughter cells.</li> <li>Two ova fertilized by two sperm cells will occasionally fuse to form a tetragametic <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(genetics)" title="Chimera (genetics)">chimera</a>, if one male zygote and one female zygote fuse.</li> <li>It can be associated with a mutation in the <a href="/wiki/SRY" class="mw-redirect" title="SRY">SRY</a> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8447323_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8447323-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Etc. <ul><li>Mitotic or meiotic errors: Can cause sex chromosome mosaicism</li> <li>Double fertilization: Can result in 46XX/46XY chimerism, which occurs when an X sperm and a Y sperm fertilize an ovum</li> <li>Fusion of two ova: Can result in 46XX/46XY chimerism, which occurs when one male zygote and one female zygote fuse</li> <li>Mutation in the SRY gene: Can be associated with ovotesticular syndrome</li> <li>Mutation of downstream autosomal genes: Can explain SRY-negative ovotesticular syndrome</li> <li>Mutation/duplication or deletion of an X-linked locus: Can explain SRY-negative ovotesticular syndrome</li> <li>Depression of autosomal testis-determining genes: Can explain 46,XX true hermaphroditism<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>• Only 3 reports exist attributing specific cases of the condition to some form of duplication of the SOX9 gene; making this an incredibly rare cause.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b>Note:</b></i> <i>The SRY gene has a 8 to 10% of showing up in those that are found to have ovotesticular syndrome. Due to the genetic makeup of an SRY gene, it implies that ovotesticular syndrome is more of a heterogeneous condition.</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is documented to show up in 4 different variations. Those being <b>Bilateral</b>, <b>Unilateral</b>, <b>Lateral</b>, and <b>Indeterminate</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><u>Bilateral</u> -</b> both the ovaries and testicle tissues appear on both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><u>Unilateral</u> -</b> on one side there is what is known as <i>ovotestis</i> (both ovary and testicle tissue), and the other side has either ovary tissue or testicular tissue - <i>not both</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><u>Lateral</u> -</b> both testicular and ovary tissue are present, but are on opposite sides.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><u>Indeterminate</u> -</b> it is known that the condition is present, but it isn't evident as to where the testicular or ovary tissue is located.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karyotypes">Karyotypes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Karyotypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ovotesticular syndrome, XX is the most common (55-80% of cases); most individuals with this form are SRY negative.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Next most common are XX/XY (20-30% of cases) and XY (5-15% of cases), with the remainder being a variety of other chromosomal anomalies and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(genetics)" title="Mosaic (genetics)">mosaicisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some degree of mosaicism is present in about 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Encountered <a href="/wiki/Karyotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Karyotypes">karyotypes</a> include <a href="/wiki/46,XX/46,XY" title="46,XX/46,XY">46XX/46XY</a>, or 46XX/47XXY or XX & XY with SRY mutations, mixed chromosomal anomalies or hormone deficiency/excess disorders, <a href="/wiki/Klinefelter_syndrome" title="Klinefelter syndrome">47XXY</a>. Less than 1% have <a href="/wiki/46,XX/46,XY" title="46,XX/46,XY">XX/XY chimerism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevalence">Prevalence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prevalence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovotesticular syndrome represents 5% of all sex disorder differentiations.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact number of confirmed cases is uncertain, but by 1991 approximately 500 cases had been confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been estimated that more than 525 have been documented.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it can appear anywhere in the world, and be reported or unreported, the greatest amounts reported of ovotesticular syndrome is from Africa and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fertility">Fertility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gonad most likely to function is the ovary.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ovotestes show evidence of <a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">ovulation</a> in 50% of cases.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</a> has only been observed in solitary <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testes</a> and not in the testicular portions of <a href="/wiki/Ovotestis" title="Ovotestis">ovotestes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bayraktar_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayraktar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 1994 study, <a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">spermatogenesis</a> has only been proven in two cases.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of the two cases, a phenotypically male individual with XX,46/XY,46 mixture had fathered a child.<sup id="cite_ref-parvin_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parvin-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been estimated that 80% of cases could be fertile as <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">females</a> with the right surgeries.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documented_cases_of_fertility">Documented cases of fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Documented cases of fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are extremely rare cases of fertility in humans with ovotesticular syndrome.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, a study on 283 cases found 21 pregnancies from 10 individuals with ovotesticular syndrome, while one allegedly fathered a child.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2010, there have been at least 11 reported cases of fertility in humans with ovotesticular syndrome in the scientific literature,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12379746_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12379746-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with one case of a person with XY-predominant (96%) <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(genetics)" title="Mosaic (genetics)">mosaic</a> giving birth.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenhaus_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoenhaus-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All known offspring have been male.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been at least one case of an individual being fertile as a male.<sup id="cite_ref-parvin_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parvin-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a hypothetical scenario, in which it could be possible for a human to <a href="/wiki/Autogamy" title="Autogamy">self-fertilize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a human <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(genetics)" title="Chimera (genetics)">chimera</a> is formed from a male and female zygote fusing into a single embryo, giving an individual functional gonadal tissue of both types, such self-fertilization is feasible. Indeed, it is known to occur in <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite#Simultaneous_hermaphrodites" title="Hermaphrodite">non-human species where hermaphroditic animals are common</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been observed in a rabbit.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, no such case of functional self-fertilization or "true bi-sexuality" has been documented in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Bayraktar_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayraktar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having ovotesticular syndrome of sexual development can make one <a href="/wiki/(DoDI)_6130.03,_2018,_section_5,_13f_and_14m" class="mw-redirect" title="(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m">inadmissible for service</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M.C._v._Aaronson"><i>M.C. v. Aaronson</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: M.C. v. Aaronson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">Intersex rights in the United States</a></div> <p>The U.S. legal case of <i>M.C. v. Aaronson</i>, advanced by <a href="/wiki/Intersex_civil_society_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex civil society organization">intersex civil society organization</a> <a href="/wiki/Interact_Advocates_for_Intersex_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Interact Advocates for Intersex Youth">interACT</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>, was brought before the courts in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-splc2013_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc2013-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The child in the case was born in December 2004 with ovotestes, initially determined as male, but subsequently assigned female and placed in the care of South Carolina Department of Social Services in February 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-white2013_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white2013-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physicians responsible for M.C. initially concluded that surgery was not urgent or necessary and M.C. had potential to identify as male or female, but, in April 2006, M.C. was subjected to feminizing medical interventions.<sup id="cite_ref-white2013_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white2013-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>, "The reconstruction of female genitalia was more readily performed than the reconstruction of male genitalia, so ambiguous individuals often were made to be female."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was adopted in December 2006. M.C. identified as male at the time the case was brought, at age eight. The defendant in the case, Dr. Ian Aaronson, had written in 2001 that "feminizing genitoplasty on an infant who might eventually identify herself as a boy would be catastrophic".<sup id="cite_ref-aaronson2001_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaronson2001-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-white2013_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white2013-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defendants sought to dismiss the case and seek a defense of <a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a>, but these were denied by the District Court for the District of South Carolina. In January 2015, the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed this decision and dismissed the complaint, stating that, it did not "mean to diminish the severe harm that M.C. claims to have suffered" but that in 2006 it was not clear that there was precedent that the surgery on a sixteen-month-old violated an established constitutional right.<sup id="cite_ref-largent2015_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largent2015-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court did not rule on whether or not the surgery violated M.C.'s constitutional rights.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>State suits were subsequently filed.<sup id="cite_ref-largent2015_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largent2015-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2017, it was reported that the case had been settled out of court by the <a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_South_Carolina" title="Medical University of South Carolina">Medical University of South Carolina</a> for $440,000. The university denied negligence, but agreed to a "compromise" settlement to avoid "costs of litigation."<sup id="cite_ref-ghorayshi2017_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghorayshi2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/46,XX/46,XY" title="46,XX/46,XY">46,XX/46,XY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in the United States">Intersex people and military service in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarseghyanVilain2014" class="citation book cs1">Barseghyan, Hayk; Vilain, Eric (2014). "The Genetics of Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development". <i>Genetic Steroid Disorders</i>. pp. 261–263. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-416006-4.00020-X">10.1016/B978-0-12-416006-4.00020-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-416006-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-416006-4"><bdi>978-0-12-416006-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Genetics+of+Ovotesticular+Disorders+of+Sex+Development&rft.btitle=Genetic+Steroid+Disorders&rft.pages=261-263&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-416006-4.00020-X&rft.isbn=978-0-12-416006-4&rft.aulast=Barseghyan&rft.aufirst=Hayk&rft.au=Vilain%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lee-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lee_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeHoukAhmedHughes2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Peter A.; Houk, Christopher P.; Ahmed, S. Faisal; Hughes, Ieuan A. (1 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2082839">"Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders"</a>. <i>Pediatrics</i>. <b>118</b> (2): e488–e500. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2006-0738">10.1542/peds.2006-0738</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2082839">2082839</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16882788">16882788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Consensus+Statement+on+Management+of+Intersex+Disorders&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e488-e500&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2082839%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16882788&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.2006-0738&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft.au=Houk%2C+Christopher+P.&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+S.+Faisal&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Ieuan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2082839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nistal_Paniagua_González-Peramato_Reyes-Múgica_2015_pp._345–352_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNistalPaniaguaGonzález-PeramatoReyes-Múgica2015" class="citation journal cs1">Nistal, Manuel; Paniagua, Ricardo; González-Peramato, Pilar; Reyes-Múgica, Miguel (2015-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2350/14-04-1466-PB.1">"Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 7. Ovotesticular DSD (True Hermaphroditism)"</a>. <i>Pediatric and Developmental Pathology</i>. <b>18</b> (5): 345–352. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2350%2F14-04-1466-PB.1">10.2350/14-04-1466-PB.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1093-5266">1093-5266</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25105460">25105460</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34009652">34009652</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+and+Developmental+Pathology&rft.atitle=Perspectives+in+Pediatric+Pathology%2C+Chapter+7.+Ovotesticular+DSD+%28True+Hermaphroditism%29&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=345-352&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.issn=1093-5266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34009652%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25105460&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2350%2F14-04-1466-PB.1&rft.aulast=Nistal&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft.au=Paniagua%2C+Ricardo&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Peramato%2C+Pilar&rft.au=Reyes-M%C3%BAgica%2C+Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2350%2F14-04-1466-PB.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12379746-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid12379746_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid12379746_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimKwonJoungKim2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Kyu-Rae; Kwon, Youngmee; Joung, Jae Young; Kim, Kun Suk; Ayala, Alberto G.; Ro, Jae Y. (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D">"True Hermaphroditism and Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis in Young Children: A Clinicopathologic Study of 10 Cases"</a>. <i>Modern Pathology</i>. <b>15</b> (10): 1013–1019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D">10.1097/01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379746">12379746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Pathology&rft.atitle=True+Hermaphroditism+and+Mixed+Gonadal+Dysgenesis+in+Young+Children%3A+A+Clinicopathologic+Study+of+10+Cases&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1013-1019&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12379746&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kyu-Rae&rft.au=Kwon%2C+Youngmee&rft.au=Joung%2C+Jae+Young&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kun+Suk&rft.au=Ayala%2C+Alberto+G.&rft.au=Ro%2C+Jae+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1097%252F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeHoukAhmedHughes2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Peter A.; Houk, Christopher P.; Ahmed, S. Faisal; Hughes, Ieuan A. (1 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/118/2/e488/69037/Consensus-Statement-on-Management-of-Intersex?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders"</a>. <i>Pediatrics</i>. <b>118</b> (2): e488–e500. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2006-0738">10.1542/peds.2006-0738</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16882788">16882788</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11236329">11236329</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Consensus+Statement+on+Management+of+Intersex+Disorders&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e488-e500&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11236329%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16882788&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.2006-0738&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft.au=Houk%2C+Christopher+P.&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+S.+Faisal&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Ieuan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.aap.org%2Fpediatrics%2Farticle-abstract%2F118%2F2%2Fe488%2F69037%2FConsensus-Statement-on-Management-of-Intersex%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herndon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herndon_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerndon" class="citation web cs1">Herndon A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isna.org/node/979">"Getting Rid of "Hermaphroditism" Once and For All"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Intersex_Society_of_North_America" title="Intersex Society of North America">Intersex Society of North America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927013509/http://www.isna.org/node/979">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+Rid+of+%22Hermaphroditism%22+Once+and+For+All&rft.pub=Intersex+Society+of+North+America&rft.aulast=Herndon&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isna.org%2Fnode%2F979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isna.org/faq/hermaphrodite/">"Is a person who is intersex a hermaphrodite?"</a>. <i>Intersex Society of North America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>. <q>The mythological term "hermaphrodite" implies that a person is both fully male and fully female. This is a physiologic impossibility. The words "hermaphrodite" and "pseudo-hermaphrodite" are stigmatizing and misleading words.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intersex+Society+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Is+a+person+who+is+intersex+a+hermaphrodite%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisna.org%2Ffaq%2Fhermaphrodite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2017" class="citation journal cs1">Knight, Kyle (2017-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/07/25/i-want-be-nature-made-me/medically-unnecessary-surgeries-intersex-children-us">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me": Medically Unnecessary Surgeries on Intersex Children in the US"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. <q>It is now considered pejorative and outdated, although a small number of intersex people have reclaimed the term.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=%22I+Want+to+Be+Like+Nature+Made+Me%22%3A+Medically+Unnecessary+Surgeries+on+Intersex+Children+in+the+US&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2017%2F07%2F25%2Fi-want-be-nature-made-me%2Fmedically-unnecessary-surgeries-intersex-children-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interactadvocates.org/faq/">"What is Intersex? Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>interACT: Advocates for Intersex Youth</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-31</span></span>. <q>Some intersex people have reclaimed this word for themselves, but it is usually considered a slur. There are many ways to have an intersex body, but it is not possible for one person to have both a fully developed penis and vagina.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interACT%3A+Advocates+for+Intersex+Youth&rft.atitle=What+is+Intersex%3F+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finteractadvocates.org%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mills-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mills_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2018" class="citation book cs1">Mills A (2018-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bLhcDwAAQBAJ&q=term+hermaphrodite+misleading+biology+of+sex&pg=PA309"><i>Biology of Sex</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-9337-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-9337-7"><bdi>978-1-4875-9337-7</bdi></a>. <q>In the past, the term <i>hermaphrodite</i> was widely applied in such cases, but humans are not hermaphroditic. In a truly hermaphroditic species, individuals have functional sets of male and female organs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Sex&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4875-9337-7&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbLhcDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dterm%2Bhermaphrodite%2Bmisleading%2Bbiology%2Bof%2Bsex%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancinoYoungBland2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mancino, Anne T.; Young, Zachary T.; Bland, Kirby I. (2018-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323359559000076">"Gynecomastia"</a>. <i>The Breast</i>: 104–115.e5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-35955-9.00007-6">10.1016/B978-0-323-35955-9.00007-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323359559" title="Special:BookSources/9780323359559"><bdi>9780323359559</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Breast&rft.atitle=Gynecomastia&rft.pages=104-115.e5&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-35955-9.00007-6&rft.isbn=9780323359559&rft.aulast=Mancino&rft.aufirst=Anne+T.&rft.au=Young%2C+Zachary+T.&rft.au=Bland%2C+Kirby+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780323359559000076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgeraldDonaldKirk1979" class="citation journal cs1">Fitzgerald, PH; Donald, RA; Kirk, RL (1979). "A true hermaphrodite dispermic chimera with 46, XX and 46, XY karyotypes". <i>Clin Genet</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 89–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1399-0004.1979.tb02032.x">10.1111/j.1399-0004.1979.tb02032.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/759058">759058</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39280592">39280592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clin+Genet&rft.atitle=A+true+hermaphrodite+dispermic+chimera+with+46%2C+XX+and+46%2C+XY+karyotypes&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-96&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A39280592%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F759058&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1399-0004.1979.tb02032.x&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.au=Donald%2C+RA&rft.au=Kirk%2C+RL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:03_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArunaPurushottamRajangam2006" class="citation journal cs1">Aruna, N; Purushottam, RM; Rajangam, S (2006). "46,XX/46,XY chimerism - a case report". <i>J Anat Soc India</i>. <b>55</b> (1): 24–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Anat+Soc+India&rft.atitle=46%2CXX%2F46%2CXY+chimerism+-+a+case+report&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-26&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Aruna&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Purushottam%2C+RM&rft.au=Rajangam%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynbrandtLudman2010" class="citation book cs1">Wynbrandt, James; Ludman, Mark D. 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Aaronson"</a>. <i>Petrie-Flom Center, Harvard Law</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Petrie-Flom+Center%2C+Harvard+Law&rft.atitle=M.C.+v.+Aaronson&rft.date=2015-03-05&rft.aulast=Largent&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.harvard.edu%2Fbillofhealth%2F2015%2F03%2F05%2Fm-c-v-aaronson-update%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFinterACT2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Interact_Advocates_for_Intersex_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Interact Advocates for Intersex Youth">interACT</a> (January 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170219013202/http://interactadvocates.org/update-on-the-m-c-case-the-road-to-justice-can-be-long/">"Update on M.C.'s Case – The Road to Justice can be Long, but there is more than one path for M.C."</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interactadvocates.org/update-on-the-m-c-case-the-road-to-justice-can-be-long/">the original</a> on February 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=A+Landmark+Lawsuit+About+An+Intersex+Baby%27s+Genital+Surgery+Just+Settled+For+%24440%2C000&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft.aulast=Ghorayshi&rft.aufirst=Azeen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fazeenghorayshi%2Fintersex-surgery-lawsuit-settles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvotesticular+syndrome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7847568" class="extiw" title="d:Q7847568">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q56.0">Q56.0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q99.0">Q99.0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q99.1">Q99.1</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/400045">400045</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D050090">D050090</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/med/1702-overview">med/1702</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Orphanet" title="Orphanet">Orphanet</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=2138">2138</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Intersex" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Intersex">Intersex</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Female_and_male_congenital_anomalies_of_the_genitalia,_including_intersex_and_DSD" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_anomalies_of_genital_organs" title="Template:Congenital anomalies of genital organs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Congenital_anomalies_of_genital_organs" title="Template talk:Congenital anomalies of genital organs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital_anomalies_of_genital_organs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital anomalies of genital organs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Female_and_male_congenital_anomalies_of_the_genitalia,_including_intersex_and_DSD" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Female_reproductive_system" title="Female reproductive system">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Male_reproductive_system" title="Male reproductive system">male</a> congenital anomalies of the genitalia, including <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">DSD</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uterine_malformation" title="Uterine malformation">Uterine malformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCllerian_agenesis" title="Müllerian agenesis">Müllerian agenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_agenesis" title="Cervical agenesis">Cervical agenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicornuate_uterus" title="Unicornuate uterus">Unicornuate uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterus_didelphys" title="Uterus didelphys">Uterus didelphys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicornuate_uterus" title="Bicornuate uterus">Bicornuate uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_septum" title="Uterine septum">Uterine septum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcuate_uterus" title="Arcuate uterus">Arcuate uterus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">Vagina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_septum" title="Vaginal septum">Vaginal septum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_hypoplasia" title="Vaginal hypoplasia">Vaginal hypoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperforate_hymen" title="Imperforate hymen">Imperforate hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_adenosis" title="Vaginal adenosis">Vaginal adenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloacal_exstrophy" title="Cloacal exstrophy">Cloacal exstrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_atresia" title="Vaginal atresia">Vaginal atresia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gonads" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonads">Gonads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">Testicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptorchidism" title="Cryptorchidism">Cryptorchidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyorchidism" title="Polyorchidism">Polyorchidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorchism" title="Monorchism">Monorchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertoli_cell-only_syndrome" title="Sertoli cell-only syndrome">Sertoli cell-only syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XX_gonadal_dysgenesis" title="XX gonadal dysgenesis">XX gonadal dysgenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilateral_ovarian_agenesis" title="Unilateral ovarian agenesis">Unilateral ovarian agenesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonadal_agenesis" title="Gonadal agenesis">Gonadal agenesis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ovotesticular syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45,X/46,XY_mosaicism" title="45,X/46,XY mosaicism">Mixed gonadal dysgenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XY_gonadal_dysgenesis" title="XY gonadal dysgenesis">XY gonadal dysgenesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vas_deferens" title="Vas deferens">Vas deferens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_absence_of_the_vas_deferens" title="Congenital absence of the vas deferens">Congenital absence of the vas deferens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_M%C3%BCllerian_duct_syndrome" title="Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome">Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypospadias" title="Hypospadias">Hypospadias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epispadias" title="Epispadias">Epispadias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chordee" title="Chordee">Chordee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropenis" title="Micropenis">Micropenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphallia" title="Aphallia">Aphallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphallia" title="Diphallia">Diphallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penoscrotal_transposition" title="Penoscrotal transposition">Penoscrotal transposition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoromegaly" title="Clitoromegaly">Clitoromegaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestin-induced_virilization" title="Progestin-induced virilization">Progestin-induced virilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohermaphroditism" title="Pseudohermaphroditism">Pseudohermaphroditism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_hermaphroditism" class="mw-redirect" title="True hermaphroditism">True hermaphroditism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&oldid=1251063399">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ovotesticular_syndrome&oldid=1251063399</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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