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Yad Vashem – Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenzen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenzen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Um_Spaweck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Um_Spaweck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Um Spaweck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Um_Spaweck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhalter" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeechnes wiesselen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeechnes wiesselen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yad Vashem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Op en Artikel an enger anerer Sprooch wiesselen. Disponibel an 59 Sproochen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 Sproochen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85" title="ياد فاشيم - Arabesch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياد فاشيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Asturianesch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturianesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Va%C5%9Fem" title="Yad Vaşem - Aserbaidschanesch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yad Vaşem" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Яд ва-Шэм - Wäissrussesch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яд ва-Шэм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wäissrussesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Яд ва-Шем - Bulgaresch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Яд ва-Шем" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Bretonesch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iad_va-Xem" title="Iad va-Xem - Katalanesch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iad va-Xem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_va%C5%A1em" title="Jad vašem - Tschechesch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jad vašem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Walisesch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Dänesch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Däitsch" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Däitsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Estnesch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%BC" title="Γιαντ Βασσέμ - Griichesch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιαντ Βασσέμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griichesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Englesch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Spuenesch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spuenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_Va%C5%9Dem" title="Jad Vaŝem - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jad Vaŝem" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%85" title="ید وشم - Persesch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ید وشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Franséisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franséisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Galizesch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galizesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%94%EC%86%80" title="야드바솀 - Koreanesch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야드바솀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%A4_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B4" title="Յադ Վաշեմ - Armenesch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յադ Վաշեմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Kroatesch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Ido-Sprooch" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido-Sprooch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Indonesesch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Italienesch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9D" title="יד ושם - Hebräesch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יד ושם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Javanesch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Latäin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latäin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_Va%C5%A1em" title="Jad Vašem - Lettesch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jad Vašem" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_Va%C5%A1em" title="Jad Vašem - Litauesch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jad Vašem" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_Vasem" title="Jad Vasem - Ungaresch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jad Vasem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungaresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Јад Вашем - Mazedonesch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јад Вашем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85" title="ياد فاشيم - Egyptescht Arabesch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياد فاشيم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptescht Arabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Hollännesch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Hollännesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A0" title="ヤド・ヴァシェム - Japanesch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤド・ヴァシェム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Norwegesch Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegesch Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Norwegesch Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegesch Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_va-Shem" title="Yad va-Shem - Okzitanesch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Yad va-Shem" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_Waszem" title="Jad Waszem - Polnesch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jad Waszem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Portugisesch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugisesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Rumänesch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Яд ва-Шем - Russesch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Яд ва-Шем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_va-%C5%A1em" title="Jad va-šem - Slowakesch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jad va-šem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_Va%C5%A1em" title="Jad Vašem - Slowenesch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jad Vašem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Јад Вашем - Serbesch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јад Вашем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad_Va%C5%A1em" title="Jad Vašem - Serbo-Kroatesch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jad Vašem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroatesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Finnesch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Schwedesch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Dagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Dagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="யாட் வசெம் - Tamilesch" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யாட் வசெம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Va%C5%9Fem" title="Yad Vaşem - Tierkesch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yad Vaşem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tierkesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Яд Вашем - Ukrainesch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Яд Вашем" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem - Vietnamesesch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yad Vashem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9D" title="יד ושם - Jiddesch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יד ושם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8" title="以色列猶太大屠殺紀念館 - Chinesesch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以色列猶太大屠殺紀念館" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Handwierksgeschir fir Säiten"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ausgesinn"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ausgesinn</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">an déi säitlech Läischt réckelen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verstoppen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vu Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lb" dir="ltr"><div align="right"><a href="/wiki/Geographesch_Koordinaten" title="Geographesch Koordinaten">Geographesch Koordinaten</a>:<div style="font-size:0.81em"><b><span class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=de&params=31_46_27_N_35_10_32_E_{{{9}}}">31° 46’ 27’’ N 35° 10’ 32’’ E</a></span></b></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Jerusalem,_view_at_Yad_Vashem_museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jerusalem%2C_view_at_Yad_Vashem_museum.JPG/430px-Jerusalem%2C_view_at_Yad_Vashem_museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="430" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jerusalem%2C_view_at_Yad_Vashem_museum.JPG/645px-Jerusalem%2C_view_at_Yad_Vashem_museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jerusalem%2C_view_at_Yad_Vashem_museum.JPG/860px-Jerusalem%2C_view_at_Yad_Vashem_museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Holocaustmahn13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holocaustmahn13.jpg/430px-Holocaustmahn13.jpg" decoding="async" width="430" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holocaustmahn13.jpg/645px-Holocaustmahn13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holocaustmahn13.jpg/860px-Holocaustmahn13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Yad Vashem</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Holocaustmahn10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holocaustmahn10.jpg/430px-Holocaustmahn10.jpg" decoding="async" width="430" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holocaustmahn10.jpg/645px-Holocaustmahn10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holocaustmahn10.jpg/860px-Holocaustmahn10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption>Yad Vashem: Erënnerung un d'jiddesch Kanner déi ëmkomm sinn</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Yad Vashem</b>, offiziell <i>Erënnerungsplaz un d'Märtyrer an d'Helde vum Staat Israel am <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a></i> ass dat wichtegst Erënnerungsmonument vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernichtung_vun_den_europ%C3%A4esche_Judden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernichtung vun den europäesche Judden (Säit gëtt et net)">Vernichtung vun den europäesche Judden</a> duerch den <a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialismus" title="Nationalsozialismus">Nationalsozialismus</a>. </p><p>Den <a href="/wiki/29._Juli" title="29. Juli">29. Juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> gouf de Grondstee geluecht. </p><p>Yad Vashem läit um Bierg vun der Erënnerung zu <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, a gouf duerch eng Decisioun vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knesset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knesset (Säit gëtt et net)">Knesset</a> <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a> opgebaut. All Joer besichen iwwer eng Millioun Leit déi Plaz. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eenzelheeten_iwwer_de_Yad_Vashem-Komplex">Eenzelheeten iwwer de Yad Vashem-Komplex</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt änneren: Eenzelheeten iwwer de Yad Vashem-Komplex" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Eenzelheeten iwwer de Yad Vashem-Komplex"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Yad Vashem ass e grousse Komplex, mat parkaartegem, beplanzte Gaart, Gedenkstätt, Gebaier mat Dokumenter an Recherchezenter. Am Eenzele sinn z'ernimmen: </p> <ul><li>Park a Gaart, mat <ul><li>Memorial a <a href="/wiki/Fer_forg%C3%A9" title="Fer forgé">Fer forgé</a> (op der Foto)</li> <li>Memorial fir d'jiddesch Kanner déi ëmkomm sinn (op der Foto)</li> <li>Ausgestallte Véiwaggon an deem d'Judden deportéiert si ginn</li> <li>Gedenkplaz un déi, déi de Judden gehollef hunn (<i>Avenue of the Righteous Among the Nations</i>). D'Nimm vun 18.000 Persounen (Net-Judden aus alle Länner), déi de Judden am Krich gehollef hunn sinn do op Plaquetten opgefouert</li> <li>Alleeën mat den 2.000 Beem déi vu prominenten Visiteuren geplanzt si ginn an zum Ausdrock brénge sollen, datt trotz Holocaust d'Liewen muss virugoen.</li></ul></li> <li>A Gebaier ënnerbruecht sinn: <ul><li>D'Plaz mat den Nimm (<i>Hall of Names</i>)</li> <li><i>Holocaust Historesche Musée</i></li> <li>Holocaust Konschtmusée mat Wierker déi ënner grujelege Konditiounen entstane sinn an och vun Artisten, déi den Holocaust iwwerstanen hunn</li> <li>Recherche-Zenter, a.s.v.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gerecht_ënner_den_Natiounen"><span id="Gerecht_.C3.ABnner_den_Natiounen"></span>Gerecht ënner den Natiounen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt änneren: Gerecht ënner den Natiounen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gerecht ënner den Natiounen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zu Yad Vashem ginn och, als "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerechten_%C3%ABnner_den_Natiounen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerechten ënner den Natiounen (Säit gëtt et net)">Gerechten ënner den Natiounen</a>", Net-jiddesch Leit geéiert, déi ënner perséinlechem Risiko, an ouni dofir eng Géigeleeschtung verlaangt ze hunn, Judde gerett hunn oder u sou enger Aktioun bedeelegt waren.<sup id="cite_ref-bodo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Och 3 Lëtzebuerger sinn dodrënner: De fréiere Justizminister a Chamberpresident <a href="/wiki/Victor_Bodson" title="Victor Bodson">Victor Bodson</a> huet ënner Liewensgefor eng 100 Judden a Sécherheet bruecht<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; den <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4erz-Jesu_Pateren" title="Häerz-Jesu Pateren">Häerz-Jesu Pater</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_May" title="Pierre May">Pierre May</a> hat wärend bal 3 Joer e Juddekand zu Louvain verstoppt, an den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Kauten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphonse Kauten (Säit gëtt et net)">Alphonse Kauten</a>, hat zesumme mat senger belscher Fra Lucie Smidt e jiddescht Kand bei sech verstoppt.<sup id="cite_ref-bodo_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fir_ze_liesen">Fir ze liesen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt änneren: Fir ze liesen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Fir ze liesen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bella Gutterman; Avner Shalev (Erausg.): <i>Zeugnisse des Holocaust. Gedenken in Yad Vashem</i>. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2006. 326 S.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenzen">Referenzen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schabloun:Referenzen&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Referenzen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bodo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bodo_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bodo_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodo Bost: "Zivilcourage in dunkler Zeit." In: <i>Die Warte/Perspectives</i> Nr. 4/2568, Bäilag zum <i>Luxemburger Wort</i> vum 25. Januar 2017, S.62-64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Hoffmann_(Historiker)" title="Serge Hoffmann (Historiker)">Hoffmann, Serge</a>: <i>Luxemburg - Asyl und Gastfreundschaft in einem kleinen Land</i>,<b>Säit 193</b>; 1996; Bäitrag an <i>Solidarität und Hilfe für Juden wärend der NS-Zeit</i>; Metropol Verlag, Berlin; 283 S. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:Bicher_mat_hirer_ISBN_sichen/3926893435" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3926893435</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.yadvashem.org/righteous_new/luxembourg/bodson.html">D'Yad Vashem Fiche vum Victor Bodson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819210041/http://www.webcitation.org/5shTjhyit">archivéiert</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Um_Spaweck">Um Spaweck</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt änneren: Um Spaweck" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yad_Vashem&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Um Spaweck"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:15px;height:201x;z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;padding-top:3px;z-index:3;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Haapts%C3%A4it" class="extiw" title="commons:Haaptsäit"><span style="float:left;width:15px;height:201x;font-size:201x;line-height:201x;word-spacing:15px;cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></div></div> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yad_Vashem" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yad Vashem">Commons: Yad Vashem</a></b> – Biller, Videoen oder Audiodateien </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204081835/http://www.yadvashem.org/">Déi offiziell Websäit vu Yad Vashem op Englesch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060217150348/http://www.yad-vashem.de/home.html">Den däitsche <i>Freundeskreis Yad Vashem e.V</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yvng.yadvashem.org/">Zentral-Datebank vun den Affer vun der Shoa op Englesch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4013990">D'Yad Vashem Fiche vum Victor Bodson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819210041/http://www.webcitation.org/5shTjhyit">archivéiert</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78fc6dc798‐qgvnb Cached time: 20241121004029 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.065 seconds Real time usage: 0.166 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 160/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2057/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 219/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1910/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 42.753 1 -total 34.91% 14.924 1 Schabloun:Referenzen 22.71% 9.711 1 Schabloun:Commonscat 18.81% 8.042 1 Schabloun:Coor_dms1_uewen 13.81% 5.906 1 Schabloun:Commons 12.91% 5.521 1 Schabloun:Clr 9.09% 3.885 1 Schabloun:Coor 6.95% 2.971 1 Schabloun:, 6.13% 2.620 1 Schabloun:Link-Bild --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key lbwiki:pcache:idhash:18357-0!canonical and timestamp 20241121004029 and revision id 2505243. 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