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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Human rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towns_and_villages_in_Tibet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towns_and_villages_in_Tibet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Towns and villages in Tibet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Towns_and_villages_in_Tibet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Towns and villages in Tibet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Towns_and_villages_in_Tibet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comfortable_Housing_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comfortable_Housing_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Comfortable Housing Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comfortable_Housing_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tibet Autonomous Region</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 108 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C3%A8t" title="Tibèt – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tibèt" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outonome_Gewes_Tibet" title="Outonome Gewes Tibet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Outonome Gewes Tibet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85" title="منطقة التبت ذاتية الحكم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة التبت ذاتية الحكم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="তিব্বত স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তিব্বত স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex%C3%B3n_Aut%C3%B3noma_del_T%C3%ADbet" title="Rexón Autónoma del Tíbet – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rexón Autónoma del Tíbet" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Muxtar_Vilay%C9%99ti" title="Tibet Muxtar Vilayəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibet Muxtar Vilayəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="তিব্বত স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিব্বত স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-ch%C5%8Dng_Ch%C5%AB-t%C4%AB-khu" title="Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Тыбецкі аўтаномны раён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тыбецкі аўтаномны раён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Тыбэцкі аўтаномны раён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тыбэцкі аўтаномны раён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awtonomong_Rehiyon_kan_Tibet" title="Awtonomong Rehiyon kan Tibet – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Awtonomong Rehiyon kan Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тибетски автономен регион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тибетски автономен регион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_(autonomna_regija)" title="Tibet (autonomna regija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tibet (autonomna regija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rannvro_Emren_Tibet" title="Rannvro Emren Tibet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rannvro Emren Tibet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_Aut%C3%B2noma_del_Tibet" title="Regió Autònoma del Tibet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió Autònoma del Tibet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tibet Autonomous Region" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetsk%C3%A1_autonomn%C3%AD_oblast" title="Tibetská autonomní oblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tibetská autonomní oblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhanbarth_Ymreolaethol_Tibet" title="Rhanbarth Ymreolaethol Tibet – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhanbarth Ymreolaethol Tibet" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonom_Region_Tibet" title="Autonom Region Tibet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Autonom Region Tibet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomes_Gebiet_Tibet" title="Autonomes Gebiet Tibet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Autonomes Gebiet Tibet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད། – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བོད།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibeti_autonoomne_piirkond" title="Tiibeti autonoomne piirkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiibeti autonoomne piirkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%98%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%84" title="Αυτόνομη Περιφέρεια του Θιβέτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτόνομη Περιφέρεια του Θιβέτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_aut%C3%B3noma_del_T%C3%ADbet" title="Región autónoma del Tíbet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región autónoma del Tíbet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto" title="Tibeto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tibeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeteko_eskualde_autonomoa" title="Tibeteko eskualde autonomoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tibeteko eskualde autonomoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="منطقه خودمختار تبت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه خودمختار تبت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_autonome_du_Tibet" title="Région autonome du Tibet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région autonome du Tibet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard_Hene-reiltagh_Tibet" title="Ard Hene-reiltagh Tibet – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ard Hene-reiltagh Tibet" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_Aut%C3%B3noma_do_T%C3%ADbet" title="Rexión Autónoma do Tíbet – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión Autónoma do Tíbet" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="西藏 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="西藏" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-chh%C3%B2ng_Chh%E1%B9%B3-chh%E1%B9%B3-kh%C3%AE" title="Sî-chhòng Chhṳ-chhṳ-khî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-chhòng Chhṳ-chhṳ-khî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EA%B5%AC" title="티베트 자치구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티베트 자치구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Տիբեթի ինքնավար շրջան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիբեթի ինքնավար շրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तिब्बत स्वायत्त क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिब्बत स्वायत्त क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomna_regija_Tibet" title="Autonomna regija Tibet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Autonomna regija Tibet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiono_autonoma_Xizang" title="Regiono autonoma Xizang – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Regiono autonoma Xizang" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Otonom_Tibet" title="Daerah Otonom Tibet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daerah Otonom Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xizang" title="Xizang – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Xizang" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тибеты автономон район – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тибеты автономон район" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADbet" title="Tíbet – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tíbet" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regione_Autonoma_del_Tibet" title="Regione Autonoma del Tibet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regione Autonoma del Tibet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99" title="המחוז האוטונומי הטיבטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המחוז האוטונומי הטיבטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტიბეტის ავტონომიური რეგიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიბეტის ავტონომიური რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xizang" title="Xizang – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Xizang" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%AAma_Otonom_a_T%C3%AEbet%C3%AA" title="Herêma Otonom a Tîbetê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Herêma Otonom a Tîbetê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetas_autonomais_re%C4%A3ions" title="Tibetas autonomais reģions – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tibetas autonomais reģions" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto_autonominis_regionas" title="Tibeto autonominis regionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tibeto autonominis regionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_autonoma_del_Tibet" title="Region autonoma del Tibet – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Region autonoma del Tibet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeti_Auton%C3%B3m_Ter%C3%BClet" title="Tibeti Autonóm Terület – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tibeti Autonóm Terület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faritra_Mizaka_Tenan%27_i_Tibet" title="Faritra Mizaka Tenan' i Tibet – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Faritra Mizaka Tenan' i Tibet" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="തിബെത്ത് സ്വയംഭരണപ്രദേശം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിബെത്ത് സ്വയംഭരണപ്രദേശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="तिबेट स्वायत्त प्रदेश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिबेट स्वायत्त प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტიბეტიშ ავტონომიური რეგიონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიბეტიშ ავტონომიური რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasan_Autonomi_Tibet" title="Kawasan Autonomi Tibet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kawasan Autonomi Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83%CC%A4-c%C3%A2ung" title="Să̤-câung – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să̤-câung" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Төвөдийн өөртөө засах орон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төвөдийн өөртөө засах орон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetaanse_Autonome_Regio" title="Tibetaanse Autonome Regio – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tibetaanse Autonome Regio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तिब्बत स्वायत्त क्षेत्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तिब्बत स्वायत्त क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="सँदेय् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सँदेय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="チベット自治区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チベット自治区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonoom_Regiuun_Tiibet" title="Autonoom Regiuun Tiibet – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Autonoom Regiuun Tiibet" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_autonome_region_Tibet" title="Den autonome region Tibet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den autonome region Tibet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_autonome_regionen_Tibet" title="Den autonome regionen Tibet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den autonome regionen Tibet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_auton%C3%B2ma_de_Tibet" title="Region autonòma de Tibet – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Region autonòma de Tibet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_muxtor_rayoni" title="Tibet muxtor rayoni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tibet muxtor rayoni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤਿੱਬਤ ਖ਼ੁਦਮੁਖ਼ਤਿਆਰ ਖੇਤਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਿੱਬਤ ਖ਼ੁਦਮੁਖ਼ਤਿਆਰ ਖੇਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تبت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تبت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81" title="តំបន់ស្វយ័តទីបេ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តំបន់ស្វយ័តទីបេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tybeta%C5%84ski_Region_Autonomiczny" title="Tybetański Region Autonomiczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tybetański Region Autonomiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Aut%C3%B4noma_do_Tibete" title="Região Autônoma do Tibete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região Autônoma do Tibete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Muhtar_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="Tibet Muhtar Bölgesi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tibet Muhtar Bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiunea_autonom%C4%83_Tibet" title="Regiunea autonomă Tibet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regiunea autonomă Tibet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Awtunumu_Suyu" title="Tibet Awtunumu Suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tibet Awtunumu Suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тибетский автономный район – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тибетский автономный район" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tibet Autonomous Region" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeti" title="Tibeti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tibeti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D9%88" title="تبت خودمختيار علائقو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تبت خودمختيار علائقو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_(auton%C3%B3mna_oblas%C5%A5)" title="Tibet (autonómna oblasť) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tibet (autonómna oblasť)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtonomna_pokrajina_Tibet" title="Avtonomna pokrajina Tibet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avtonomna pokrajina Tibet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%86%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="ھەرێمی ئۆتۆنۆمیی تبت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەرێمی ئۆتۆنۆمیی تبت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Тибет (аутономна област) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тибет (аутономна област)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_(autonomna_regija)" title="Tibet (autonomna regija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tibet (autonomna regija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C3%A9t" title="Tibét – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tibét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibetin_autonominen_alue" title="Tiibetin autonominen alue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiibetin autonominen alue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonoma_regionen_Tibet" title="Autonoma regionen Tibet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Autonoma regionen Tibet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awtonomong_Rehiyon_ng_Tibet" title="Awtonomong Rehiyon ng Tibet – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Awtonomong Rehiyon ng Tibet" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="திபெத் தன்னாட்சிப் பகுதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திபெத் தன்னாட்சிப் பகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="టిబెట్ స్వాధికార ప్రాంతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టిబెట్ స్వాధికార ప్రాంతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Тибет (Чин) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тибет (Чин)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_%C3%96zerk_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="Tibet Özerk Bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tibet Özerk Bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Awtonom_Sebiti" title="Tibet Awtonom Sebiti – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tibet Awtonom Sebiti" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тибетський автономний район – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тибетський автономний район" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="تبت خود مختار علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تبت خود مختار علاقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AD_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="شىزاڭ ئاپتونوم رايونى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىزاڭ ئاپتونوم رايونى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihcang_Swcigih" title="Sihcang Swcigih – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sihcang Swcigih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_(rejon_autonoma)" title="Tibet (rejon autonoma) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tibet (rejon autonoma)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_T%E1%BA%A1ng_(khu_t%E1%BB%B1_tr%E1%BB%8B)" title="Tây Tạng (khu tự trị) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Tạng (khu tự trị)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" title="西藏自治區 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西藏自治區" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous region of China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the present-day autonomous region in China. For the country that existed from 1912 to 1951, see <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet (1912–1951)</a>. For the geographical region, see <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous region in China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tibet Autonomous Region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Chinese transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">西藏自治区</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīzàng Zìzhìqū</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Abbreviation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">XZ / <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">藏</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zàng</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tibetan transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan script</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_pinyin" title="Tibetan pinyin">Tibetan pinyin</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">Poi Ranggyong Jong</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie translit.</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">bod rang skyong ljongs</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Potala Palace in Lhasa"><img alt="The Potala Palace in Lhasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg/250px-%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg/375px-%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg/500px-%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2809" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Potala_Palace" title="Potala Palace">Potala Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet_in_China_(claimed_hatched)_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China (territory claimed by China but controlled by India is striped)"><img alt="Location of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China (territory claimed by China but controlled by India is striped)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tibet_in_China_%28claimed_hatched%29_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Tibet_in_China_%28claimed_hatched%29_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tibet_in_China_%28claimed_hatched%29_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/413px-Tibet_in_China_%28claimed_hatched%29_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tibet_in_China_%28claimed_hatched%29_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/550px-Tibet_in_China_%28claimed_hatched%29_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China (territory claimed by China but controlled by India is striped)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">and largest city</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level</a><br /> - <a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level</a><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township-<br />level</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_the_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="List of administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region">7 prefectures</a><br />74 counties<br />699 towns and subdistricts</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region_People%27s_Congress" title="Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress">Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Tibet">Party Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Junzheng" title="Wang Junzheng">Wang Junzheng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Congress Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Losang_Jamcan" title="Losang Jamcan">Losang Jamcan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Government Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yan_Jinhai" title="Yan Jinhai">Yan Jinhai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Regional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pagbalha_Geleg_Namgyai" title="Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai">Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">24 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,228,400 km<sup>2</sup> (474,300 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,848 m (29,029 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,648,100</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">32nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3.0/km<sup>2</sup> (7.7/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density">33rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th><td class="infobox-data">86.0% <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a><div style="padding-left: 0.5em;">12.2% <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a><br />0.8% others</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Languages and dialects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-GDPdata_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CN%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 239,267 million (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">31th</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 33,954 million</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 65,642 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">22th</a>) <br />US$ 9,315</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CN-XZ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.648<sup id="cite_ref-SHDI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHDI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">31st</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFA500">medium</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xizang.gov.cn/">www<wbr />.xizang<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17269#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Tibet</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet_(Chinese_and_Tibetan).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tibet_%28Chinese_and_Tibetan%29.svg/110px-Tibet_%28Chinese_and_Tibetan%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tibet_%28Chinese_and_Tibetan%29.svg/165px-Tibet_%28Chinese_and_Tibetan%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tibet_%28Chinese_and_Tibetan%29.svg/220px-Tibet_%28Chinese_and_Tibetan%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="759" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Tibet" in Chinese (top) and Tibetan (bottom)</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:西藏">西藏</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Xīzàng</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Western <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Tsang</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xīzàng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄒㄧ   ㄗㄤˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shitzanq</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Hsi<sup>1</sup>-tsang<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sizàng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Syīdzàng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕí.tsâŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">other Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">ثِ‌زَانْ</span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Si<sup>平</sup>zaon<sup>去</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Sî-tshông</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sāi-johng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">sai1 zong6</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɐj˥ tsɔŋ˨]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Se-chōng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Teochew" title="Guangdong Romanization">Peng'im</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Sai-tsăng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Să̤-câung</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Tibet Autonomous Region</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:西藏自治區">西藏自治區</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Xīzàng Zìzhìqū</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xīzàng Zìzhìqū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>ㄒㄧ   ㄗㄤˋ</li><li>ㄗˋ   ㄓˋ   ㄑㄩ</li></ul></div></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shitzanq Tzyhjyhchiu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Hsi<sup>1</sup>-tsang<sup>4</sup> Tzu<sup>4</sup>-chih<sup>4</sup>-chʻü<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sizàng Zìhjhìhcyu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Syīdzàng Dz̀jr̀chyū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕí.tsâŋ tsɹ̩̂.ʈʂɻ̩̂.tɕʰý]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">other Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">ثِ‌زَانْ زِجِ‌کِیُوِ</span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Si<sup>平</sup>zaon<sup>去</sup> Zy<sup>去</sup>zy<sup>去</sup>chiu<sup>平</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Sî-tshông Tshṳ-tshṳ-khî</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">sai1 zong6 zi6 zi6 keoi1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɐj˥ tsɔŋ˨ tsi˨ tsi˨ kʰɵɥ˥]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Teochew" title="Guangdong Romanization">Peng'im</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Sai-tsăng Tsĕu-tī-khu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Să̤-câung Cê̤ṳ-dê-kṳ̆</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Tibetan name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="bo-Latn">bod</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_pinyin" title="Tibetan pinyin">Tibetan Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="bo-Latn">Poi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Lhasa</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="bo-Latn"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">[pʰø̀ʔ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Manchu name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ<br />ᡩᡯᠠᠩ</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">wargi Dzang</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Mongolian name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Mongolian</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top; max-height:5em; word-wrap:normal">ᠲᠢᠪᠧᠲ</span><br />Tibyet</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg/40px-Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg/60px-Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg/80px-Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan script</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan characters</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Tibet Autonomous Region</b>, officially the <b>Xizang Autonomous Region</b>, often shortened to <b>Tibet</b> or <b>Xizang</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_region_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous region of China">autonomous region of China</a> and is part of <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern China</a>. </p><p>It was formally established in 1965 to replace the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Area_(administrative_division)" title="Tibet Area (administrative division)">Tibet Area</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">administrative division</a> of the PRC established after the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet</a>. The establishment was about five years after the <a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a> and the dismissal of the <a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a>, and about 13 years after the original annexation. </p><p>The current borders of the Tibet Autonomous Region were generally established in the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and include about half of historical Tibet. The Tibet Autonomous Region spans over 1,200,000 km<sup>2</sup> (460,000 sq mi), and is the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">province-level division of China</a> by area, after <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>. Due to its harsh and rugged terrain, it is sparsely populated at just over 3.6 million people with a population density of 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi), and is the least-populous autonomous region or province in China. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Tibet" title="Category:History of Tibet">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">History of <span class="fn org label">Tibet</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lhasa_Potala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potala Palace"><img alt="Potala Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lhasa_Potala.jpg/150px-Lhasa_Potala.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lhasa_Potala.jpg/225px-Lhasa_Potala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lhasa_Potala.jpg/300px-Lhasa_Potala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Neolithic Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhung" title="Zhangzhung">Zhangzhung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_dynasty" title="Yarlung dynasty">Yarlung dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Fragmentation" title="Era of Fragmentation">Era of Fragmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Yuan_rule" title="Tibet under Yuan rule">Yuan rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagmodrupa_dynasty" title="Phagmodrupa dynasty">Phagmodrupa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpungpa" title="Rinpungpa">Rinpungpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsangpa" title="Tsangpa">Tsangpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Phodrang" title="Ganden Phodrang">Ganden Phodrang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Ming–Tibet relations">Ming–Tibet relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule" title="Tibet under Qing rule">Qing rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">13th and 14th Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet_(1950%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Tibet (1950–present)">PRC rule</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tibetan_history" title="Timeline of Tibetan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Historical money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Tibet" title="List of rulers of Tibet">List of rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_exploration_in_Tibet" title="History of European exploration in Tibet">European exploration</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/16px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/32px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a> • <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Tibet" title="Template:History of Tibet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Tibet" title="Template talk:History of Tibet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Tibet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Tibet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">History of Tibet</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_dynasty" title="Yarlung dynasty">Yarlung</a> kings founded the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> in 618. By the end of the 8th century, the empire reached its greatest extent. After a civil war, the empire broke up in 842. The royal lineage <a href="/wiki/Era_of_Fragmentation" title="Era of Fragmentation">fragmented</a> and ruled over small kingdoms such as <a href="/wiki/Guge" title="Guge">Guge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maryul" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryul">Maryul</a>. The Mongol Empire <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of Tibet">conquered Tibet</a> in 1244 but granted the region a degree of political autonomy. <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> later incorporated Tibetans into his <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan empire</a> (1271–1368). The <a href="/wiki/Sakya_(Tibetan_Buddhist_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)">Sakya</a> lama <a href="/wiki/Drog%C3%B6n_Ch%C3%B6gyal_Phagpa" title="Drogön Chögyal Phagpa">Drogön Chögyal Phagpa</a> became religious teacher to Kublai in the 1250s, and was made the head of the Tibetan region administration <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1264</span>. </p><p>From 1354 to 1642, Central Tibet (<a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Ü-Tsang</a>) was ruled by a succession of dynasties from <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAdong_(village)" title="Nêdong (village)">Nêdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>. In 1642, the <a href="/wiki/Ganden_Phodrang" title="Ganden Phodrang">Ganden Phodrang</a> court of the <a href="/wiki/5th_Dalai_Lama" title="5th Dalai Lama">5th Dalai Lama</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCshi_Khan" title="Güshi Khan">Güshi Khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a>, who was enthroned as King of Tibet. The Khoshuts ruled until 1717, when they were overthrown by the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a>. Despite <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_sovereignty_debate" title="Tibetan sovereignty debate">politically charged historical debate</a> concerning the nature of Sino-Tibetan relations,<sup id="cite_ref-wylie_2003_470_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wylie_2003_470-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wang_nyima_1997_1_40_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang_nyima_1997_1_40-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laird_2006_106_107_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laird_2006_106_107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some historians<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> posit that Tibet under the Ganden Phodrang (1642–1951) was an independent state, albeit under various foreign suzerainties for much of this period, including by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644). The Dzungar forces were in turn expelled by the 1720 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1720)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)">expedition to Tibet</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar%E2%80%93Qing_Wars" title="Dzungar–Qing Wars">Dzungar–Qing Wars</a>. This began a period of <a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule" title="Tibet under Qing rule">direct Qing rule</a> over Tibet.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 until 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">State of Tibet</a> was <i>de facto</i> independent, as were other regions claimed by the successor <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>. The Republican regime, preoccupied with <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">warlordism</a> (1916–1928), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">civil war</a> (1927–1949) and <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invasion</a> (1937–1945), did not exert authority in Tibet. Other regions of ethno-cultural Tibet in eastern <a href="/wiki/Kham" title="Kham">Kham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amdo" title="Amdo">Amdo</a> had been under <i>de jure</i> administration of the Chinese dynastic government since the mid-18th century;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they form parts of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>. </p><p>In 1950, following the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">proclamation of the People's Republic of China</a> the year before, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> entered Tibet and defeated the Tibetan army in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamdo" title="Battle of Chamdo">a battle</a> fought near the city of <a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a>. In 1951, Tibetan representatives signed the <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Point_Agreement_for_the_Peaceful_Liberation_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet">Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%9354)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–54)">Central People's Government</a> affirming China's <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over Tibet and the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China</a>. The <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> ratified the agreement in October 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the failure of a <a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">violent uprising</a> in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India and renounced the Seventeen Point Agreement. During the 1950s and 1960s, Western-dispatched insurgents were parachuted into Tibet, almost all of whom were captured and killed.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 238">: 238 </span></sup> The establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965 made Tibet a provincial-level division of China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tibet" title="Geography of Tibet">Geography of Tibet</a></div> <p>The Tibet Autonomous Region is located on the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>, the highest region on Earth. In northern Tibet elevations reach an average of over 4,572 metres (15,000 ft). <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> is located on Tibet's border with <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. </p><p>China's provincial-level areas of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> lie to the north, northeast and east, respectively, of the Tibet AR. There is also a short border with <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</a> to the southeast. The countries to the south and southwest are <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. China claims <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> administered by India as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It also claims some areas adjoining the Chumbi Valley that are recognised as Bhutan's territory, and some areas of eastern <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> claimed by India. India and China agreed to respect the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Line of Actual Control</a> in a bilateral agreement signed on <a href="/wiki/Border_Peace_and_Tranquility_Agreement,_1993" title="Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993">7 September 1993</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (December 2022)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg/250px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg/375px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg/500px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_edit_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Physically, the Tibet AR may be divided into two parts: the lakes region in the west and north-west and the river region, which spreads out on three sides of the former on the east, south and west. Both regions receive limited amounts of rainfall as they lie in the <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>; however, the region names are useful in contrasting their <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">hydrological</a> structures, and also in contrasting their different cultural uses: <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a> in the lake region and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> in the river region.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the south the Tibet AR is bounded by the Himalayas, and on the north by a broad mountain system. The system at no point narrows to a single range; generally there are three or four across its breadth. As a whole the system forms the watershed between rivers flowing to the Indian Ocean — the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Brahmaputra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salween_River" title="Salween River">Salween</a> and its tributaries — and the streams flowing into the undrained salt lakes to the north. </p><p>The lake region extends from the <a href="/wiki/Pangong_Tso" title="Pangong Tso">Pangong Tso Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Rakshastal" title="Lake Rakshastal">Lake Rakshastal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamdrok_Lake" title="Yamdrok Lake">Yamdrok Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manasarovar" title="Lake Manasarovar">Lake Manasarovar</a> near the source of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a>, to the sources of the <a href="/wiki/Salween" class="mw-redirect" title="Salween">Salween</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze</a>. Other lakes include <a href="/wiki/Dagze_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagze Co">Dagze Co</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namtso" title="Namtso">Namtso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pagsum_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagsum Co">Pagsum Co</a>. The lake region is a wind-swept Alpine grassland. This region is called the <a href="/wiki/Chang_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang Tang">Chang Tang</a> (Byang sang) or 'Northern Plateau' by the people of Tibet. It is 1,100 km (680 mi) broad and covers an area about equal to that of France. Due to its great distance from the ocean it is extremely arid and possesses no river outlet. The mountain ranges are spread out, rounded, disconnected, and separated by relatively flat valleys. </p><p>The Tibet AR is dotted over with large and small lakes, generally salt or <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a>, and intersected by streams. Due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Discontinuous_permafrost" class="mw-redirect" title="Discontinuous permafrost">discontinuous permafrost</a> over the Chang Tang, the soil is boggy and covered with tussocks of grass, thus resembling the Siberian <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a>. Salt and fresh-water lakes are intermingled. The lakes are generally without outlet, or have only a small <a href="/wiki/Effluent" title="Effluent">effluent</a>. The deposits consist of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">soda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">borax</a> and common <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>. The lake region is noted for a vast number of <a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">hot springs</a>, which are widely distributed between the Himalaya and 34° N, but are most numerous to the west of Tengri Nor (north-west of Lhasa). So intense is the cold in this part of Tibet that these springs are sometimes represented by columns of ice, the nearly boiling water having frozen in the act of ejection. </p><p>The river region is characterized by fertile mountain valleys and includes the <a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo_River_(Tibet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)">Yarlung Tsangpo River</a> (the upper courses of the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a>) and its major tributary, the <a href="/wiki/Nyang_River" title="Nyang River">Nyang River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salween" class="mw-redirect" title="Salween">Salween</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon">Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon</a>, formed by a horseshoe bend in the river where it flows around <a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwa</a>, is the deepest and possibly longest canyon in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the mountains there are many narrow valleys. The valleys of <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xigaz%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigazê">Xigazê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyantse" title="Gyantse">Gyantse</a> and the Brahmaputra are free from permafrost, covered with good soil and groves of trees, well irrigated, and richly cultivated. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Tibet_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="South Tibet Valley">South Tibet Valley</a> is formed by the Yarlung Tsangpo River during its middle reaches, where it travels from west to east. The valley is approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) long and 300 km (190 mi) wide. The valley descends from 4,500 m (14,760 ft) above sea level to 2,800 m (9,190 ft). The mountains on either side of the valley are usually around 5,000 m (16,400 ft) high.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lakes here include <a href="/wiki/Lake_Paiku" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Paiku">Lake Paiku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Puma_Yumco" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Puma Yumco">Lake Puma Yumco</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Government_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region">People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">List of modern political leaders of Tibet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">List of current Chinese provincial leaders</a></div> <p>The Tibet Autonomous Region is a province-level entity of the People's Republic of China. Chinese law nominally guarantees some autonomy in the areas of education and language policy. Like other subdivisions of China, routine administration is carried out by a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Government_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region">People's Government</a>, headed by a chairman, who has been an ethnic Tibetan except for an interregnum during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>. As with other Chinese provinces, the chairman carries out work under the direction of the regional secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>. The standing committee of the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Regional_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">regional Communist Party Committee</a> serves as the top rung of political power in the region. The current chairman is <a href="/wiki/Yan_Jinhai" title="Yan Jinhai">Yan Jinhai</a> and the current party secretary is <a href="/wiki/Wang_Junzheng" title="Wang Junzheng">Wang Junzheng</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_the_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="List of administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region">List of administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_the_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="List of township-level divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region">List of township-level divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region</a>.</div> <p>The Autonomous Region is divided into seven <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Prefectural_level" title="Administrative divisions of China">prefecture-level divisions</a>: six <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of the People's Republic of China">prefecture</a>. </p><p>These in turn are subdivided into a total of 66 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a> and 8 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chengguan_District,_Lhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengguan District, Lhasa">Chengguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doilungd%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doilungdêqên District">Doilungdêqên</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagz%C3%AA_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagzê District">Dagzê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samzhubz%C3%AA_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Samzhubzê District">Samzhubzê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karub_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Karub District">Karub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayi_District" title="Bayi District">Bayi</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nêdong District">Nêdong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seni_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni District">Seni</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Tibet Autonomous Region </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:larger;"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 825px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Administrative_Division_Tibet_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/825px-Administrative_Division_Tibet_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="825" height="451" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Administrative_Division_Tibet_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/1238px-Administrative_Division_Tibet_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Administrative_Division_Tibet_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/1650px-Administrative_Division_Tibet_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="820" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:489px; top:297.25px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:313px; top:333px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Xigazê</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:698px; top:267px"><b><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Qamdo</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:645.75px; top:322px"><b><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:483.5px; top:366px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:395.5px; top:173.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:150.75px; top:151.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari<br />Prefecture</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:489px; top:47px"><span style="color: red;">☐</span> <span style="color: grey;"><b>Areas disputed with India or Bhutan (see <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_enclaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhutanese enclaves">Bhutanese enclaves</a>)</b></span></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Division </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-nj2013_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj2013-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population 2020<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Divisions<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">CL cities</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>540000</th> <th>Tibet Autonomous Region </th> <td>1,228,400.00</td> <td>3,648,100</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a> city</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>540100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a> city </th> <td>29,538.90</td> <td>867,891</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengguan_District,_Lhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengguan District, Lhasa">Chengguan District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>540200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse / Xigazê</a> city </th> <td>182,066.26</td> <td>798,153</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samzhubz%C3%AA_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Samzhubzê District">Samzhubzê District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>17</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>540300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo / Qamdo</a> city </th> <td>108,872.30</td> <td>760,966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karuo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Karuo District">Karuo District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>540400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a> city </th> <td>113,964.79</td> <td>238,936</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayi_District" title="Bayi District">Bayi District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>540500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan / Lhoka</a> city </th> <td>79,287.84</td> <td>354,035</td> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nêdong District">Nêdong District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>540600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a> city </th> <td>391,816.63</td> <td>504,838</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seni_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni District">Seni District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>542500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a> </th> <td>296,822.62</td> <td>123,281</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gar_County" title="Gar County">Gar County</a></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>7</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_1565_Yamdrok_Tso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/IMG_1565_Yamdrok_Tso.jpg/250px-IMG_1565_Yamdrok_Tso.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/IMG_1565_Yamdrok_Tso.jpg/375px-IMG_1565_Yamdrok_Tso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/IMG_1565_Yamdrok_Tso.jpg/500px-IMG_1565_Yamdrok_Tso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yamdrok_Lake" title="Yamdrok Lake">Yamdrok Lake</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NamTso_scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NamTso_scene.jpg/250px-NamTso_scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NamTso_scene.jpg/375px-NamTso_scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NamTso_scene.jpg/500px-NamTso_scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Namtso_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Namtso Lake">Namtso Lake</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Administrative divisions in Tibetan, Chinese, and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Tibetan</th> <th>Tibetan Pinyin</th> <th>Wylie transliteration</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Tibet Autonomous Region</b></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།</span></td> <td><b>Poi Ranggyongjong</b></td> <td><b>bod rang skyong ljongs</b></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西藏自治区</span></span></td> <td><b>Xīzàng Zìzhìqū</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a> city</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</span></td> <td>Lhasa Chongkyir</td> <td>lha sa grong khyer</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">拉萨市</span></span></td> <td>Lāsà Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Xigazê</a> city</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</span></td> <td>Xigazê Chongkyir</td> <td>ggzhis ka rtse grong khyer</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">日喀则市</span></span></td> <td>Rìkāzé Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Qamdo</a> city</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཆབ་མདོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</span></td> <td>Qamdo Chongkyir</td> <td>chab mdo grong khyer</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">昌都市</span></span></td> <td>Chāngdū Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a> city</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཉིང་ཁྲི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</span></td> <td>Nyingchi Chongkyir</td> <td>nying khri grong khyer</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">林芝市</span></span></td> <td>Línzhī Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a> city</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ལྷོ་ཁ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</span></td> <td>Lhoka Chongkyir</td> <td>lho kha grong khyer</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山南市</span></span></td> <td>Shānnán Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a> city</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ནག་ཆུ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</span></td> <td>Nagqu Chongkyir</td> <td>nag chu grong khyer</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">那曲市</span></span></td> <td>Nàqū Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">མངའ་རིས་ས་ཁུལ།</span></td> <td>Ngari Sakü</td> <td>mnga' ris sa khul</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">阿里地区</span></span></td> <td>Ālǐ Dìqū </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>Cities</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2020 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020PRCcensus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2010 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">2020 City proper </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></b></td> <td>551,802</td> <td>199,159<sup id="cite_ref-Lhasa_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lhasa-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>867,891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Xigazê</a></td> <td>94,464</td> <td>63,967<sup id="cite_ref-Xigazê_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xigazê-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>798,153 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></td> <td>60,696</td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"><sup id="cite_ref-Nyingchi_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nyingchi-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>238,936 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></td> <td>54,188</td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"><sup id="cite_ref-Shannan_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shannan-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>354,035 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Qamdo</a></td> <td>50,127</td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"><sup id="cite_ref-Qamdo_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qamdo-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>760,966 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></td> <td>31,436</td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"><sup id="cite_ref-Nagqu_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagqu-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>504,838 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow"> <td>(7)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainling" title="Mainling">Mainling</a></td> <td>5,915<sup id="cite_ref-Mainling_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mainling-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Nyingchi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow"> <td>(8)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsona" title="Tsona">Cona</a></td> <td>2,871<sup id="cite_ref-Cona_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cona-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Shannan</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lhasa-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lhasa_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New districts established after census: <a href="/wiki/Doilungd%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doilungdêqên District">Doilungdêqên (Doilungdêqên County)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagz%C3%AA_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagzê District">Dagzê (Dagzê County)</a>. These new districts not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xigazê-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xigazê_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xigazê Prefecture is currently known as Xigazê PLC after census; Xigazê CLC is currently known as <a href="/wiki/Samzhubz%C3%AA_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Samzhubzê District">Samzhubzê</a> after 2010 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nyingchi-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nyingchi_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NyingchiPrefecture is currently known as Nyingchi PLC after census; Nyingchi County is currently known as <a href="/wiki/Bayi_District" title="Bayi District">Bayi</a> after 2010 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shannan-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shannan_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shannan Prefecture is currently known as Shannan PLC after census; Nêdong County is currently known as <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nêdong District">Nêdong</a> after census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qamdo-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qamdo_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Qamdo Prefecture is currently known as Qamdo PLC after census; Qamdo County is currently known as <a href="/wiki/Karuo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Karuo District">Karuo</a> after census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nagqu-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nagqu_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nagqu Prefecture is currently known as Nagqu PLC after census; Nagqu County is currently known as <a href="/wiki/Seni_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni District">Seni</a> after 2010 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mainling-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mainling_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mainling County is currently known as Mainling CLC after 2020 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cona-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cona_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cona County is currently known as Cona CLC after 2020 census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,160,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1928<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">372,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−67.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936–37<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">372,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+168.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1954<sup id="cite_ref-census1954_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1954-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,273,969</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+27.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<sup id="cite_ref-census1964_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1964-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,251,225</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<sup id="cite_ref-census1982_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1982-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,892,393</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<sup id="cite_ref-census1990_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1990-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,196,010</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000<sup id="cite_ref-census2000_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2000-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,616,329</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010<sup id="cite_ref-census2010_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2010-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,002,166</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,648,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Xikang" title="Xikang">Xikang Province</a> / Chuanbian SAR was established in 1923 from parts of <a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule" title="Tibet under Qing rule">Tibet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lifan_Yuan" title="Lifan Yuan">Lifan Yuan</a>; dissolved in 1955 and parts were incorporated into Tibet AR.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With an average of only two people per square kilometer, Tibet has the lowest <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> among any of the Chinese province-level administrative regions, mostly due to its harsh and rugged terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, only 37.4 percent of Tibet's population was urban, with 63.4 being rural, amongst the lowest in China, though this is significantly up from 22.6 percent in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-GDPdata_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020 the Tibetan population was three million.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ethnic <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a>, comprising 86.0% of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly adhere to <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bön">Bön</a>, although there is an <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">ethnic Tibetan Muslim community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Muslim ethnic groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a> have inhabited the region. There is also a tiny Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> community in eastern Tibet. Smaller tribal groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lhoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhoba">Lhoba</a>, who follow a combination of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> and spirit worship, are found mainly in the southeastern parts of the region. </p><p>Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a>. According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra. Other traditional ethnic groups with significant population or with the majority of the ethnic group reside in Tibet include <a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonans">Bonan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dongxiang_people" title="Dongxiang people">Dongxiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lhoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhoba">Lhoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor (Tu people)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Menba (Monpa)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosuo" title="Mosuo">Mosuo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nakhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhi">Nakhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nu_people" title="Nu people">Nu people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pumi_people" title="Pumi people">Pumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi people</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</a> published between 1910 and 1911, the total population of the Tibetan capital of Lhasa, including the lamas in the city and vicinity, was about 30,000, and the permanent population also included Chinese families (about 2,000).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han people</a> in the Tibet Autonomous Region (12.2% of the total population)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are recent migrants, because all of the Han were <a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">expelled</a> from "Outer Tibet" (<a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Central Tibet</a>) following the <a href="/wiki/British_invasion_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasion of Tibet">British invasion</a> until the establishment of the PRC.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 8% of <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han people</a> have <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">household registration</a> in TAR, others keep their <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">household registration</a> in place of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-西藏自治区常住人口超过300万_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-西藏自治区常住人口超过300万-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tibetan scholars and exiles claim that, with the 2006 completion of the <a href="/wiki/Qingzang_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingzang Railway">Qingzang Railway</a> connecting the Tibet Autonomous Region to Qinghai Province, there has been an "acceleration" of Han migration into the region.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Tibetan government-in-exile</a> based in northern India asserts that the PRC is promoting the migration of Han workers and soldiers to Tibet to marginalize and assimilate the locals.<sup id="cite_ref-fifth_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifth-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tibet" title="Religion in Tibet">Religion in Tibet</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Tibet (2012 estimates)<sup id="cite_ref-IRFR2012_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRFR2012-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:78.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">78.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:SlateBlue; width:12.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:FireBrick; width:8.58%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.58%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-2010-Islam_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-Islam-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:0.02%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.02%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet-6048_-_Largest_Sitting_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tibet-6048_-_Largest_Sitting_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/200px-Tibet-6048_-_Largest_Sitting_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tibet-6048_-_Largest_Sitting_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/300px-Tibet-6048_-_Largest_Sitting_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tibet-6048_-_Largest_Sitting_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/400px-Tibet-6048_-_Largest_Sitting_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="3351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a> Buddha statue of <a href="/wiki/Tashilhunpo_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashilhunpo Monastery">Tashilhunpo Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The main religion in Tibet has been <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> since its outspread in the 8th century AD. Before the arrival of Buddhism, the main religion among Tibetans was an indigenous <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animistic</a> religion, <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a>, which now comprises a sizeable minority and influenced the formation of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. </p><p>According to estimates from the International Religious Freedom Report of 2012, most Tibetans (who comprise 91% of the population of the Tibet Autonomous Region) are adherents of Tibetan Buddhism, while a minority of 400,000 people are followers the native Bon or folk religions which share the image of <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetan</a>: <i>Kongtse Trulgyi Gyalpo</i>) with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a>, though in a different light.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some reports, the government of China has been promoting the Bon religion, linking it with <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> who reside in Tibet practice their native <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> (<span lang="zh">神道</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">shén dào</span></i>; 'Way of the Gods'). There is a Guandi Temple of Lhasa (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">拉萨关帝庙</span></span>) where the Chinese god of war <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guandi</a> is identified with the cross-ethnic Chinese, Tibetan, Mongol and Manchu deity <a href="/wiki/Gesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesar">Gesar</a>. The temple is built according to both Chinese and Tibetan architecture. It was first erected in 1792 under the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> and renovated around 2013 after decades of disrepair.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Built or rebuilt between 2014 and 2015 is the Guandi Temple of Qomolangma (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a>), on Ganggar Mount, in <a href="/wiki/Tingri_County" title="Tingri County">Tingri County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are four mosques in the Tibet Autonomous Region with approximately 4,000 to 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> adherents,<sup id="cite_ref-IRFR2012_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRFR2012-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a 2010 Chinese survey found a higher proportion of 0.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-2010-Islam_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-Islam-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Church,_Yerkalo" title="Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church, Yerkalo">a Catholic church</a> with 700 parishioners, which is located in the traditionally <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> community of Yanjing in the east of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-IRFR2012_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRFR2012-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">Human rights in Tibet</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_army_moving_from_Golmud_to_Lhasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chinese_army_moving_from_Golmud_to_Lhasa.jpg/200px-Chinese_army_moving_from_Golmud_to_Lhasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chinese_army_moving_from_Golmud_to_Lhasa.jpg/300px-Chinese_army_moving_from_Golmud_to_Lhasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chinese_army_moving_from_Golmud_to_Lhasa.jpg/400px-Chinese_army_moving_from_Golmud_to_Lhasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="1039" /></a><figcaption>Chinese army division moving from Golmud to Lhasa</figcaption></figure> <p>From the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Point_Agreement" title="Seventeen Point Agreement">Seventeen Point Agreement</a> to 2003, life expectancy in Tibet increased from thirty-six years to sixty-seven years with infant mortality and absolute poverty declining steadily.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average life expectancy in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) reached 72.19 years by 2021, compared to 35.5 years recorded in 1951,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the death rate of women in childbirth dropped to 38.63 per 100,000 in 2023 from 5,000 per 100,000 in 1951, the infant mortality rate fell to 5.37 per 1,000 from 430 per 1,000.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China</a> in 1951, Tibet was ruled by a theocracy<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had a caste-like social hierarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human rights in Tibet prior to its <a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_Tibet_into_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China">incorporation</a> into the People's Republic of China differed considerably from those in the modern era. Due to tight control of <a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the People's Republic of China">press in mainland China</a>, including the Tibet Autonomous Region,<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is difficult to accurately determine the scope of human rights abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-statedept09_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statedept09-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a> visited Tibet in 1980 and 1982, he disagreed with what he viewed as heavy-handedness.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 240">: 240 </span></sup> Hu reduced the number of Han party cadre, and relaxed social controls.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 240">: 240 </span></sup> </p><p>Critics of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) say the CCP's official aim to eliminate "the three evils of separatism, <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> and religious extremism" is used as a pretext for human rights abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1992 <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> report stated that judicial standards in the Tibet Autonomous Region were not up to "international standards". The report charged the CCP<sup id="cite_ref-aiamnesty_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aiamnesty-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> government with keeping <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoners" class="mw-redirect" title="Political prisoners">political prisoners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_conscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of conscience">prisoners of conscience</a>; ill-treatment of detainees, including <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, and inaction in the face of ill-treatment; the use of the death penalty; <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial executions</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-aiamnesty_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aiamnesty-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Forced_abortion" title="Forced abortion">forced abortion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forced_sterilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced sterilization">sterilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_1991_285–303_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein_1991_285–303-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Towns_and_villages_in_Tibet">Towns and villages in Tibet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Towns and villages in Tibet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_the_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="List of populated places in the Tibet Autonomous Region">List of populated places in the Tibet Autonomous Region</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comfortable_Housing_Program">Comfortable Housing Program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comfortable Housing Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 2006, 280,000 Tibetans who lived in traditional villages and as nomadic herdsmen have been forcefully relocated into villages and towns. In those areas, new housing was built and existing houses were remodelled to serve a total of 2 million people. Those living in substandard housing were required to dismantle their houses and remodel them to government standards. Much of the expense was borne by the residents themselves,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often through bank loans. The <a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">population transfer</a> program, which was first implemented in <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> where 300,000 nomads were resettled, is called "Comfortable Housing", which is part of the "Build a New Socialist Countryside" program. Its effect on Tibetan culture has been criticized by exiles and human rights groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding employment is difficult for relocated persons who have only agrarian skills. Income shortfalls are offset by government support programs.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT62713_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT62713-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced that in 2011 that 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Cadre_system_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party cadres</a> will be placed in the new towns.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tibet" title="Economy of Tibet">Economy of Tibet</a></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <caption>Development of GDP<sup id="cite_ref-data1995-2019_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data1995-2019-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="eeeeee"> <td>Year </td> <td align="right">GDP in<br />billions of yuan </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td align="right">5.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td align="right">11.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td align="right">24.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td align="right">50.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td align="right">102.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td align="right">208.18<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td align="right">213<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td align="right">239.3<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In general, <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">China's minority regions</a> have some of the highest per capita government spending <a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">public goods</a> and services.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 366">: 366 </span></sup> Providing public goods and services in these areas is part of a government effort to reduce regional inequalities, reduce the risk of separatism, and stimulate economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 366">: 366 </span></sup> Tibet has the highest amount of funding from the central government to the local government as of at least 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 370–371">: 370–371 </span></sup>As of at least 2019, Tibet has the highest total per capita government expenditure of any region in China, including the highest per capita government expenditure on <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_China" title="Healthcare in China">health care</a>, the highest per capita government expenditure on education, and the second highest per capita government expenditure on <a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_China" title="Social security in China">social security</a> and employment.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_85-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 367–369">: 367–369 </span></sup> </p><p>The Tibetans traditionally depended upon agriculture for survival. Since the 1980s, however, other jobs such as taxi-driving and hotel retail work have become available in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Chinese economic reform</a>. In 2011, Tibet's GDP topped 60.5 billion yuan (US$9.60 billion), nearly more than seven times as big as the 11.78 billion yuan (US$1.47 billion) in 2000. Economic growth since the beginning of the 21st century has averaged over 10 percent a year.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2023, its gross domestic product (GDP) stood at nearly 239.3 billion yuan (about 33.6 billion U.S. dollars), adding that the growth rates of the region's major economic indicators, including per capita disposable income, fixed asset investment, and total retail sales of consumer goods, all ranked first in China. The added value of the service sector accounted for 54.1 percent and contributed a 57.6 percent share to economic growth. Investment in fixed assets also grew rapidly last year, with investment in infrastructure up by 34.8 percent and investment in areas related to people's livelihoods up by 31.8 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its GDP grew by an annual average of 9.5 percent from 2012 to 2023, about 3 percentage points higher than the China’s national average.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2022, the GDP of the region surpassed 213 billion yuan (US$31.7 billion in nominal), while GDP per capita reached CN¥58,438 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$8,688</span> in nominal).<sup id="cite_ref-GDPdata_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Tibet's GDP per capita ranked 25th highest in China, as well as higher than any South Asian country except <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Chinese news media reported that the per capita <a href="/wiki/Disposable_income" title="Disposable income">disposable incomes</a> of urban and rural residents in Tibet averaged (CN¥12,482 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1,798</span>) and CN¥3,176 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$457</span>) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While traditional agriculture and animal husbandry continue to lead the area's economy, in 2005 the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">tertiary sector</a> contributed more than half of its GDP growth, the first time it surpassed the area's primary industry.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rich reserves of natural resources and raw materials have yet to lead to the creation of a strong secondary sector, due in large part to the province's inhospitable terrain, low population density, an underdeveloped infrastructure and the high cost of extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The collection of <a href="/wiki/Cordyceps_sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordyceps sinensis">caterpillar fungus</a> (<i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>, known in Tibetan as <i>Yartsa Gunbu</i>) in late spring / early summer is in many areas the most important source of cash for rural households. It contributes an average of 40% to rural cash income and 8.5% to the Tibet Autonomous Region's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The re-opening of the <a href="/wiki/Nathu_La" title="Nathu La">Nathu La</a> pass (on southern Tibet's border with India) should facilitate Sino-Indian border trade and boost Tibet's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/China_Western_Development" title="China Western Development">China Western Development</a> policy was adopted in 2000 by the central government to boost economic development in western China, including the Tibet Autonomous Region.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_85-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 133">: 133 </span></sup> Because the central government permits Tibet to have a preferentially low corporate income tax rate, many corporations have registered in Tibet.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_85-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 146">: 146 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 4 universities and 3 special colleges in Tibet,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Tibet_University" title="Tibet University">Tibet University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet_University_for_Nationalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibet University for Nationalities">Tibet University for Nationalities</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Tibetan_Medical_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibet Tibetan Medical University (page does not exist)">Tibet Tibetan Medical University</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Agricultural_and_Animal_Husbandry_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College (page does not exist)">Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Teachers_College" title="Lhasa Teachers College">Lhasa Teachers College</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Police_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibet Police College (page does not exist)">Tibet Police College</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Vocational_and_Technical_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibet Vocational and Technical College (page does not exist)">Tibet Vocational and Technical College</a>. </p><p>As of at least 2019, Tibet is the region of China with the largest per capita government spending on <a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_85-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 367–369">: 367–369 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foreign tourists were first permitted to visit the Tibet Autonomous Region in the 1980s. While the main attraction is the <a href="/wiki/Potala_Palace" title="Potala Palace">Potala Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a>, there are many other popular tourist destinations including the <a href="/wiki/Jokhang" title="Jokhang">Jokhang Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namtso" title="Namtso">Namtso Lake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tashilhunpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashilhunpo">Tashilhunpo Monastery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, tourism in Tibet is still restricted for non-Chinese passport holders (including citizens of the Republic of China from Taiwan), and foreigners must apply for a Tibet Entry Permit to enter the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2019 <a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">white paper</a> from <a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China</a> reported Tibet's road system has achieved a total of 118,800 km.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The civil airports in Tibet are <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Gonggar_Airport" title="Lhasa Gonggar Airport">Lhasa Gonggar Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qamdo_Bangda_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Qamdo Bangda Airport">Qamdo Bangda Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyingchi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyingchi Airport">Nyingchi Airport</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Gunsa_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunsa Airport">Gunsa Airport</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gunsa_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunsa Airport">Gunsa Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a> began operations on 1 July 2010, to become the fourth civil airport in China's Tibet Autonomous Region.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peace_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Airport">Peace Airport</a> for <a href="/wiki/Xigaz%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigazê">Xigazê</a> was opened for civilian use on 30 October 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Announced in 2010, <a href="/wiki/Nagqu_Dagring_Airport" title="Nagqu Dagring Airport">Nagqu Dagring Airport</a> was expected to become the world's highest altitude airport, at 4,436 meters above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2015 it was reported that construction of the airport has been delayed due to the necessity to develop higher technological standards.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinghai–Tibet Railway">Qinghai–Tibet Railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud</a> to Lhasa was completed on 12 October 2005. It opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006. Five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa, with connections onward to Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xining and Lanzhou. The line includes the <a href="/wiki/Tanggula_Pass" title="Tanggula Pass">Tanggula Pass</a>, which, at 5,072 m (16,640 ft) above sea level, is the world's highest railway. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lhasa%E2%80%93Xigaz%C3%AA_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa–Xigazê Railway">Lhasa–Xigazê Railway</a> branch from Lhasa to <a href="/wiki/Xigaz%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigazê">Xigazê</a> was completed in 2014. It opened to regular service on 15 August 2014. The planned <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_railway" title="China–Nepal railway">China–Nepal railway</a> will connect Xigazê to <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, capital of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, and is expected to be completed around 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-KP_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KP-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Sichuan%E2%80%93Tibet_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan–Tibet Railway">Sichuan–Tibet Railway</a> began in 2015. The line is expected to be completed around 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Tibetology_Research_Center" title="China Tibetology Research Center">China Tibetology Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet_(1950%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Tibet (1950–present)">History of Tibet (1950–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazara" title="Kazara">Kazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_the_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="List of prisons in the Tibet Autonomous Region">List of prisons in the Tibet Autonomous Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Tibet" title="List of universities and colleges in Tibet">List of universities and colleges in Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Area_(administrative_division)" title="Tibet Area (administrative division)">Tibet Area (administrative division)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinicization_of_Tibet" title="Sinicization of Tibet">Sinicization of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse_Photovoltaic_Power_Plant" title="Shigatse Photovoltaic Power Plant">Shigatse Photovoltaic Power Plant</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">西藏</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xīzàng</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Western <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Tsang</a>'; <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་</span>, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: <i>bod</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_pinyin" title="Tibetan pinyin">ZYPY</a>: <i>Poi</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tibetan pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">[pʰø̀ʔ]</a></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> In 2024, Chinese government documents in English began referring to the region as "Xizang", the <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> romanization of the Mandarin name, instead of Tibet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222133742/http://www.xizang.gov.cn/zrdl/51648.jhtml"><bdi lang="zh">西藏概况（2007年）</bdi></a> [Overview of Tibet (2007)] (in Chinese). People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region. 11 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xizang.gov.cn/zrdl/51648.jhtml">the original</a> on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5%EF%BC%882007%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=People%27s+Government+of+Tibet+Autonomous+Region&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xizang.gov.cn%2Fzrdl%2F51648.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDPdata_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDPdata_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDPdata_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span> see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xizang.gov.cn/zwgk/zfsj/ndtjgb/202405/t20240509_415635.html">"zh: 2023年西藏自治区国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. xizang.gov.cn. 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zh%3A+2023%E5%B9%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=xizang.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xizang.gov.cn%2Fzwgk%2Fzfsj%2Fndtjgb%2F202405%2Ft20240509_415635.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span> The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">"Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development"</a> (Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+the+2023+national+economic+and+social+development&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202402%2Ft20240228_1947918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHDI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SHDI_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Human Development Indices (8.0)- China"</a>. <i>Global Data Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Data+Lab&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Indices+%288.0%29-+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FCHN%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2024" class="citation web cs1">Wong, Chun Han (5 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-doesnt-want-you-to-say-tibet-anymore-dd41cbb9">"China Doesn't Want You to Say 'Tibet' Anymore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>. New York City<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=China+Doesn%E2%80%99t+Want+You+to+Say+%E2%80%98Tibet%E2%80%99+Anymore&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Chun+Han&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fchina-doesnt-want-you-to-say-tibet-anymore-dd41cbb9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"What is Tibet? – Fact and Fancy", Excerpt from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1994" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Melvyn, C. (1994). <i>Change, Conflict and Continuity among a Community of Nomadic Pastoralist: A Case Study from Western Tibet, 1950–1990</i>. pp. 76–87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Change%2C+Conflict+and+Continuity+among+a+Community+of+Nomadic+Pastoralist%3A+A+Case+Study+from+Western+Tibet%2C+1950%E2%80%931990&rft.pages=76-87&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Melvyn%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wylie_2003_470-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wylie_2003_470_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWylie2003" class="citation cs2">Wylie, Turrell V. (2003), "Lama Tribute in the Ming Dynasty", in McKay, Alex (ed.), <i>The History of Tibet: Volume 2, The Medieval Period: c. AD 850–1895, the Development of Buddhist Paramountcy</i>, New York: Routledge, p. 470, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30843-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30843-4"><bdi>978-0-415-30843-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lama+Tribute+in+the+Ming+Dynasty&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Tibet%3A+Volume+2%2C+The+Medieval+Period%3A+c.+AD+850%E2%80%931895%2C+the+Development+of+Buddhist+Paramountcy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=470&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30843-4&rft.aulast=Wylie&rft.aufirst=Turrell+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wang_nyima_1997_1_40-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wang_nyima_1997_1_40_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangNyima1997" class="citation cs2">Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), <i>The Historical Status of China's Tibet</i>, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press, pp. 1–40, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-80113-304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-80113-304-5"><bdi>978-7-80113-304-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Status+of+China%27s+Tibet&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=1-40&rft.pub=China+Intercontinental+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-7-80113-304-5&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jiawei&rft.au=Nyima%2C+Gyaincain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laird_2006_106_107-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laird_2006_106_107_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaird2006">Laird (2006)</a>, pp. 106–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuaiyin_Li2019" class="citation book cs1">Huaiyin Li (13 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p-yoDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Making of the Modern Chinese State: 1600–1950</i></a>. 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(2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料</bdi> (1st ed.). Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2"><bdi>978-7-5037-6660-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E4%B9%A1%E3%80%81%E9%95%87%E3%80%81%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a> (August 2014). <bdi lang="zh">《中国民政统计年鉴2014》</bdi> (in Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-7130-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2014-08&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-7130-9&rft.au=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020PRCcensus-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2022). <bdi lang="zh">中国2020年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-9772-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010PRCcensus-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html"><bdi lang="ja">1912年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1912%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1928年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1928%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1936–37年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1936%E2%80%9337%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1947年全国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1947%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1954-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1954_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm">the original</a> on 5 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16767.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1964-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1964_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm"><bdi lang="zh">第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E9%A1%B9%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16768.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1982-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1982_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm">the original</a> on 10 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16769.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1990-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1990_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2000-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2000_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm"><bdi lang="zh">现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 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Thechinaperspective.com. Retrieved on 18 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/how-much-does-beijing-control-ethnic-makeup-of-tibet">"How Much Does Beijing Control the Ethnic Makeup of Tibet?"</a>. <i>ChinaFile</i>. 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xizang+gov&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%B8%B8%E4%BD%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B6%85%E8%BF%87300%E4%B8%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xizang.gov.cn%2Frkmz%2F51886.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2008" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Tim (28 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091115110855/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/31913.html">"Tibetans see 'Han invasion' as spurring violence | McClatchy"</a>. Mcclatchydc.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/31913.html">the original</a> on 15 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tibetans+see+%27Han+invasion%27+as+spurring+violence+%26%23124%3B+McClatchy&rft.pub=Mcclatchydc.com&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fhomepage%2Fstory%2F31913.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fifth-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fifth_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20100730030042/http://www.tibet.net/en/print.php?id=236&articletype=articale">"Population Transfer Programmes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a>. 2003. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Transfer+Programmes&rft.pub=Central+Tibetan+Administration&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibet.net%2Fen%2Fprint.php%3Fid%3D236%26articletype%3Darticale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IRFR2012-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IRFR2012_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRFR2012_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRFR2012_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208434.pdf">Internazional Religious Freedom Report 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328164846/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208434.pdf">Archived</a> 28 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the US government. p. 20: «<i>Most ethnic Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism, although a sizeable minority practices Bon, an indigenous religion, and very small minorities practice Islam, Catholicism, or Protestantism. Some scholars estimate that there are as many as 400,000 Bon followers across the Tibetan Plateau. Scholars also estimate that there are up to 5,000 ethnic Tibetan Muslims and 700 ethnic Tibetan Catholics in the TAR.</i>»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010-Islam-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010-Islam_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010-Islam_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Min Junqing. <i>The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China</i>. JISMOR, 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf">2010 Islam by province, page 29</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427140204/https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf">Archived</a> 27 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Data from: Yang Zongde, <i>Study on Current Muslim Population in China</i>, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTe-Ming_TSENGShen-Yu_LIN2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Te-Ming TSENG; Shen-Yu LIN (December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104518/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/data/4-2/4-2-7/4-2-7.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">《臺灣東亞文明研究學刊》第4卷第2期（總第8期）</bdi></a> [The Image of Confucius in Tibetan Culture] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a></i>. pp. 169–207. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/data/4-2/4-2-7/4-2-7.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Taiwan+University&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%8A%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC4%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC2%E6%9C%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B8%BD%E7%AC%AC8%E6%9C%9F%EF%BC%89&rft.pages=169-207&rft.date=2007-12&rft.au=Te-Ming+TSENG&rft.au=Shen-Yu+LIN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw%2Fchinese%2Fdata%2F4-2%2F4-2-7%2F4-2-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shenyu Lin. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ret/pdf/ret_12_07.pdf">The Tibetan Image of Confucius</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913230941/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ret/pdf/ret_12_07.pdf">Archived</a> 13 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">China-Tibet Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.tibet.cn/2010zj/xw/201411/t20141105_2088487.html">Confucius ruled as a "divine king" in Tibet</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. 4 November 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Guangong Culture: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2145">Lhasa, Tibet: Guandi temple was inaugurated</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090522/http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2145">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">China-Tibet Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.tibet.cn/2010wh/xw/201303/t20130313_1869432.html">Tibet's largest Guandi Temple gets repaired</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. 13 March 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Guangong Culture: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2454">Dingri, Tibet: Cornerstone Laying Ceremony being Grandly Held for the Reconstruction of Qomolangma Guandi Temple</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107214706/http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2454">Archived</a> 7 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Guangong Culture: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2456">Wuhan, China: Yang Song Meets Cui Yujing to Discuss Qomolangma Guandi Temple</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094252/http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2456">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2006" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Chun (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63178961"><i>The transformation of Chinese socialism</i></a>. Durham [N.C.]: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3785-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3785-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-3785-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/63178961">63178961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+transformation+of+Chinese+socialism&rft.place=Durham+%5BN.C.%5D&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63178961&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3785-0&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Chun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F63178961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Life expectancy at record high in Tibet, https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202201/08/WS61d8d11da310cdd39bc7fd4d.html, January 8, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Xizang's maternal, infant mortality rates at record low, https://english.news.cn/20240412/6f2d26d6715c423f9ba2b089f6f0ffb6/c.html, April 12, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samten G. Karmay, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305233421/http://www.tibetwrites.org/?religion-and-politics-commentary">Religion and Politics: commentary</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>, September 2008: "from 1642 the Ganden Potrang, the official seat of the government in Drepung Monastery, came to symbolize the supreme power in both the theory and practice of a theocratic government. This was indeed a political triumph that Buddhism had never known in its history in Tibet."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFjeld2003" class="citation book cs1">Fjeld, Heidi (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g0V5lV_M-SYC"><i>Commoners and Nobles:Hereditary Divisions in Tibet</i></a>. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788791114175" title="Special:BookSources/9788791114175"><bdi>9788791114175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commoners+and+Nobles%3AHereditary+Divisions+in+Tibet&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Nordic+Institute+of+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9788791114175&rft.aulast=Fjeld&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg0V5lV_M-SYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regions and territories: Tibet bbc <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110422064415/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm">Archived</a> 2011-04-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statedept09-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statedept09_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226175344/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/eap/119037.htm#tibet">2008 Human Rights Report: China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)</a></i>, February 25, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Denyer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/china-party-dissent-xinjiang-tibet">China cracks down on aggrieved party cadres in Xinjiang and Tibet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161229201516/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/china-party-dissent-xinjiang-tibet">Archived</a> 2016-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, 8 December 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aiamnesty-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aiamnesty_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aiamnesty_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Amnesty International, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tibetjustice.org/materials/un/un8annex2.1.html">Amnesty International: "China – Amnesty International's concerns in Tibet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090912004834/http://www.tibetjustice.org/materials/un/un8annex2.1.html">Archived</a> 2009-09-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Secretary-General's Report: Situation in Tibet, E/CN.4/1992/37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090003/http://www.hrweb.org/ai/aidoc.html">"Amnesty International Documents"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 March 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Tibet's GDP up 9.5 percent in 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.macaubusiness.com/tibets-gdp-up-9-5-percent-in-2023/">https://www.macaubusiness.com/tibets-gdp-up-9-5-percent-in-2023/</a>, January 24, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_85-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_85-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_85-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_85-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_85-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2022" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Shuanglin (2022). <i>China's Public Finance: Reforms, Challenges, and Options</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gongkhar+Airport+in+Tibet+enters+digital+communication+age&rft.pub=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.date=2009-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2009-05%2F12%2Fcontent_11357826.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214214139/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-07/01/c_13378773.htm">"Tibet's fourth civil airport opens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>. 1 July 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tibet%27s+fourth+civil+airport+opens&rft.pub=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish2010%2Fchina%2F2010-07%2F01%2Fc_13378773.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215143139/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/26/content_11773529.htm">"Tibet to have fifth civil airport operational before year end 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>. 26 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/26/content_11773529.htm">the original</a> on 15 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tibet+to+have+fifth+civil+airport+operational+before+year+end+2010&rft.pub=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.date=2010-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2009-07%2F26%2Fcontent_11773529.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215143150/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/12/content_12796690.htm">"World's highest-altitude airport planned on Tibet"</a>. <i>news.xinhuanet.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>. 12 January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/12/content_12796690.htm">the original</a> on 15 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=World%27s+highest-altitude+airport+planned+on+Tibet&rft.date=2010-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2010-01%2F12%2Fcontent_12796690.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-04/24/content_20533131.htm">"China to stop building extremely high plateau airports"</a>. <i>www.chinadaily.com.cn</i>. <a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a>. 24 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=China+to+stop+building+extremely+high+plateau+airports&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2015-04%2F24%2Fcontent_20533131.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KP-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KP_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiriGiri2018" class="citation news cs1">Giri, A; Giri, S (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-08-24/nepal-china-agree-on-rail-study.html">"Nepal, China agree on rail study"</a>. <i>The Kathmandu Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922211439/http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-08-24/nepal-china-agree-on-rail-study.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kathmandu+Post&rft.atitle=Nepal%2C+China+agree+on+rail+study&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.aulast=Giri&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Giri%2C+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkathmandupost.ekantipur.com%2Fnews%2F2018-08-24%2Fnepal-china-agree-on-rail-study.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChu" class="citation web cs1">Chu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109220511/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2014/10/31/3685s850380.htm">"China Approves New Railway for Tibet"</a>. <i>english.cri.cn</i>. CRI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cri.cn/12394/2014/10/31/3685s850380.htm">the original</a> on 9 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.cri.cn&rft.atitle=China+Approves+New+Railway+for+Tibet&rft.au=Chu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cri.cn%2F12394%2F2014%2F10%2F31%2F3685s850380.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaird2006" class="citation book cs1">Laird, Thomas (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyoftibetconv00lair"><i>The Story of Tibet : Conversations with the Dalai Lama</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1827-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1827-1"><bdi>978-0-8021-1827-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Tibet+%3A+Conversations+with+the+Dalai+Lama&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-1827-1&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryoftibetconv00lair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Dialogues Tibetan dialogues Han</i>. [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: Hannü. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-988-97999-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-988-97999-3-9"><bdi>978-988-97999-3-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dialogues+Tibetan+dialogues+Han&rft.place=%5BErscheinungsort+nicht+ermittelbar%5D&rft.pub=Hann%C3%BC&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-988-97999-3-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span>, travelogue from Tibet – by a woman who's been travelling around Tibet for over a decade,</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilby1988" class="citation book cs1">Wilby, Sorrel (1988). <i>Journey Across Tibet: A Young Woman's 1900-Mile Trek Across the Rooftop of the World</i>. Chicago: Contemporary Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8092-4608-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8092-4608-2"><bdi>0-8092-4608-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journey+Across+Tibet%3A+A+Young+Woman%27s+1900-Mile+Trek+Across+the+Rooftop+of+the+World&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Contemporary+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8092-4608-2&rft.aulast=Wilby&rft.aufirst=Sorrel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span>, hardcover, 236 pages.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillman2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hillman, Ben (1 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631361003779604">"China's many Tibets: Diqing as a model for 'development with Tibetan characteristics?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Asian Ethnicity</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 269–277. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14631361003779604">10.1080/14631361003779604</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1463-1369">1463-1369</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145011878">145011878</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Ethnicity&rft.atitle=China%27s+many+Tibets%3A+Diqing+as+a+model+for+%27development+with+Tibetan+characteristics%3F%27&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=269-277&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145011878%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1463-1369&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14631361003779604&rft.aulast=Hillman&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F14631361003779604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibet+Autonomous+Region" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tibet" class="extiw" title="commons:Tibet"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Tibet</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tibet#Q17269" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Tibet">Tibet Autonomous Region</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xizang.gov.cn/">Tibet Autonomous Region official website</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508074448/http://www.xizang.gov.cn/">Archived</a> 8 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/tibet.htm">Economic profile for Tibet Autonomous Region</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://case.edu/affil/tibet/tibetanSociety/documents/TAR-Census2.pdf">Population Structure and Changes in the Tibet Autonomous Region</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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title="Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_blank_province_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/150px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/225px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/300px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Disputed province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> but administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Template:Tibet Autonomous Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Template talk:Tibet Autonomous Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet Autonomous Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_the_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="List of administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region">County-level divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibet Autonomous Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a> <small>(capital)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Chengguan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doilungd%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doilungdêqên District">Doilungdêqên District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagz%C3%AA_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagzê District">Dagzê District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lh%C3%BCnzhub_County" title="Lhünzhub County">Lhünzhub County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damxung_County" title="Damxung County">Damxung County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C3%AAmo_County" title="Nyêmo County">Nyêmo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%BCx%C3%BC_County" title="Qüxü County">Qüxü County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizhokunggar_County" title="Maizhokunggar County">Maizhokunggar County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Xigazê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samzhubz%C3%AA_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Samzhubzê District">Samzhubzê District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namling_County" title="Namling County">Namling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyantse_County" title="Gyantse County">Gyangzê County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingri_County" title="Tingri County">Tingri County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27gya_County" title="Sa'gya County">Sa'gya County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhatse_County" title="Lhatse County">Lhatse County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngamring_County" title="Ngamring County">Ngamring County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xaitongmoin_County" title="Xaitongmoin County">Xaitongmoin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainang_County" title="Bainang County">Bainang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinbung_County" title="Rinbung County">Rinbung County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangmar_County" title="Kangmar County">Kangmar County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinggy%C3%AA_County" title="Dinggyê County">Dinggyê County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongba_County" title="Zhongba County">Zhongba County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadong_County" title="Yadong County">Yadong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyirong_County" title="Gyirong County">Gyirong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyalam_County" title="Nyalam County">Nyalam County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_County" title="Saga County">Saga County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_County" title="Kamba County">Kamba County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Qamdo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karub_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Karub District">Karub District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomda_County" title="Jomda County">Jomda County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonjo_County" title="Gonjo County">Gonjo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riwoq%C3%AA_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Riwoqê County">Riwoqê County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAngq%C3%AAn_County" title="Dêngqên County">Dêngqên County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhag%27yab_County" title="Zhag'yab County">Zhag'yab County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxoi_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Baxoi County">Baxoi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zogang_County" title="Zogang County">Zogang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markam_County" title="Markam County">Markam County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhorong_County" title="Lhorong County">Lhorong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbar_County" title="Banbar County">Banbar County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayi_District" title="Bayi District">Bayi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainling" title="Mainling">Mainling</a> city**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongbo%27gyamda_County" title="Gongbo'gyamda County">Gongbo'gyamda County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%AAdog_County" title="Mêdog County">Mêdog County</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pome_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Pome County">Pome County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayul_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayul County">Zayul County</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nang_County" title="Nang County">Nang County</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nêdong District">Nêdong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsona" title="Tsona">Tsona</a> city**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanang_County" title="Zhanang County">Zhanang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggar_County" title="Gonggar County">Gonggar County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangri_County" title="Sangri County">Sangri County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qonggyai_County" title="Qonggyai County">Qonggyai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qusum_County" title="Qusum County">Qusum County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comai_County" title="Comai County">Comai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhozhag_County" title="Lhozhag County">Lhozhag County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaca_County" title="Gyaca County">Gyaca County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhuntse_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhuntse County">Lhuntse County</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarz%C3%AA_County" title="Nagarzê County">Nagarzê County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seni_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni District">Seni District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhari_County" title="Lhari County">Lhari County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biru_County" title="Biru County">Biru County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyainrong_County" title="Nyainrong County">Nyainrong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amdo_County" title="Amdo County">Amdo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xainza_County" title="Xainza County">Xainza County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sog_County" title="Sog County">Sog County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baingoin_County" title="Baingoin County">Baingoin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baq%C3%AAn_County" title="Baqên County">Baqên County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyima_County" title="Nyima County">Nyima County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghu_County" title="Shuanghu County">Shuanghu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ngari" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_County" title="Gar County">Gar County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purang_County" title="Purang County">Purang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsamda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsamda County">Tsamda County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutog_County" title="Rutog County">Rutog County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AA%27gyai_County" title="Gê'gyai County">Gê'gyai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertse_County" title="Gertse County">Gertse County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coq%C3%AAn_County" title="Coqên County">Coqên County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>** Southern portions of these counties are claimed by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Tibet_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="South Tibet dispute">South Tibet</a> area, but are administered by India.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tibetan-designated_autonomous_areas_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibetan_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tibetan_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tibetan_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tibetan-designated_autonomous_areas_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan-designated</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of China">autonomous areas</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tibet_A.R." scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibet A.R.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Xigazê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Qamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TAR-TAP-TAC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/TAR-TAP-TAC.png/170px-TAR-TAP-TAC.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/TAR-TAP-TAC.png/255px-TAR-TAP-TAC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/TAR-TAP-TAC.png/340px-TAR-TAP-TAC.png 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Prefectures</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_county" title="Autonomous county">counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:left;">in <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> and Tibetans)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Guoluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:left;">in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Ganzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Aba</a> <small>(Tibetans and <a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mili_Tibetan_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Mili Tibetan Autonomous County">Muli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:left;">in <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bairi_Tibetan_Autonomous_County" title="Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County">Tianzhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:left;">in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diqing_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Diqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Ethnic minority autonomous areas</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Dong_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Dong autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Dong</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hui_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Hui autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Hui</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Korean autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Korean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Manchu_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Manchu autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Manchu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Miao_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Miao autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Miao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Mongol autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Mongol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibetan_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Tibetan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tujia_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Tujia autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Tujia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Xinjiang" title="Template:Xinjiang">Uyghur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Yao_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Yao autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Yao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Yi_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Yi autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Yi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Zhuang_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Zhuang autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Zhuang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_ethnic_minorities_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Other ethnic minorities autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Others</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tibet_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibet_topics" title="Template:Tibet topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tibet_topics" title="Template talk:Tibet topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tibet_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Tibet-related_articles" title="Index of Tibet-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tibetan_history" title="Timeline of Tibetan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Tibet" title="List of rulers of Tibet">List of rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_exploration_in_Tibet" title="History of European exploration in Tibet">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Historical money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Prehistory <span style="font-size:85%;">(Neolithic)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhung" title="Zhangzhung">Zhangzhung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_dynasty" title="Yarlung dynasty">Yarlung dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(7th–9th century)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Tibetan_Empire" title="Timeline of the Tibetan Empire">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Tibet" title="List of emperors of Tibet">List of emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_L%C3%B6nchen_of_the_Tibetan_Empire" title="List of Lönchen of the Tibetan Empire">Lönchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Tang–Tibet relations">Relations with Tang <span style="font-size:85%;">(618–907)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Fragmentation" title="Era of Fragmentation">Era of Fragmentation <span style="font-size:85%;">(9th–13th century)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guge" title="Guge">Guge kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsongkha" title="Tsongkha">Tsongkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Song–Tibet relations">Relations with Song <span style="font-size:85%;">(960–1279)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Yuan_rule" title="Tibet under Yuan rule">Yuan dynasty rule <span style="font-size:85%;">(1270–1350)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Buddhist_and_Tibetan_Affairs" title="Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs">Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagmodrupa_dynasty" title="Phagmodrupa dynasty">Phagmodrupa dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Ming–Tibet relations">Relations with Ming <span style="font-size:85%;">(1368–1644)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpungpa" title="Rinpungpa">Rinpungpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsangpa" title="Tsangpa">Tsangpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Phodrang" title="Ganden Phodrang">Ganden Phodrang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule" title="Tibet under Qing rule">Qing dynasty rule <span style="font-size:85%;">(1720–1912)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lifan_Yuan" title="Lifan Yuan">Lifan Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Qing_ambans_in_Tibet" title="List of Qing ambans in Tibet">List of Qing ambans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Post-Qing to 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Army" title="Tibetan Army">Tibetan Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet_(1950%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Tibet (1950–present)">People's Republic of China (PRC) rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">PRC annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">political leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Wars and<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_attack_on_Songzhou" title="Tibetan attack on Songzhou">Tibetan attack on Songzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dafei_River" title="Battle of Dafei River">Battle of Dafei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet" title="Mongol invasions of Tibet">Mongol invasions of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war" title="Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war">Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dartsedo" title="Battle of Dartsedo">Battle of Dartsedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Salween_River" title="Battle of the Salween River">Battle of the Salween River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1720)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)">Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchuan_campaigns" title="Jinchuan campaigns">Jinchuan campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_riot_of_1750" title="Lhasa riot of 1750">Lhasa riot of 1750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepalese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Dogra–Tibetan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal-Tibet_War_(1855%E2%80%931856)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)">Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_expedition" title="Sikkim expedition">Sikkim expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">British expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batang_uprising" title="Batang uprising">Batang uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1910)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)">Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Lhasa_turmoil" title="Xinhai Lhasa turmoil">Xinhai Lhasa turmoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan War">Sino-Tibetan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_War" title="Qinghai–Tibet War">Qinghai–Tibet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Japanese_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet">1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamdo" title="Battle of Chamdo">Battle of Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950">Protests and uprisings since 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_Tibetan_unrest" title="1987–1989 Tibetan unrest">1987–1989 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">2008 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation_protests_by_Tibetans_in_China" title="Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China">Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Chronicles#Treaty_of_Tingmosgang_(1684)" title="Ladakh Chronicles">Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Article_Ordinance_for_the_More_Effective_Governing_of_Tibet" title="13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet">13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29-Article_Ordinance_for_the_More_Effective_Governing_of_Tibet" title="29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet">29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Thapathali" title="Treaty of Thapathali">Treaty of Thapathali (1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Calcutta" title="Convention of Calcutta">Convention of Calcutta (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Lhasa" title="Convention of Lhasa">Treaty of Lhasa (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Between_Great_Britain_and_China_Respecting_Tibet" title="Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet">Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_Convention" title="Anglo-Russian Convention">Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_friendship_and_alliance_between_the_Government_of_Mongolia_and_Tibet" title="Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet">Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Convention" title="Simla Convention">Simla Accord (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Point_Agreement" title="Seventeen Point Agreement">Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_Agreement_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Indian Agreement 1954">Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70,000_Character_Petition" title="70,000 Character Petition">70,000 Character Petition (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_on_Genuine_Autonomy" title="Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy">Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tibet" title="Geography of Tibet">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Tibet" title="Category:Flora of Tibet">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Tibet" title="Category:Fauna of Tibet">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Tibet" title="Category:Environment of Tibet">Environment</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Tibet" title="Category:Mountains of Tibet">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Kailash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Changtse" title="Changtse">Changtse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanggula_Mountains" title="Tanggula Mountains">Tanggula</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rivers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo" title="Yarlung Tsangpo">Yarlung Tsangpo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo_Grand_Canyon" title="Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changtang" title="Changtang">Changtang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Tang_Nature_Reserve" title="Chang Tang Nature Reserve">Nature Reserve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_Tibet" title="Category:Valleys of Tibet">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Traditional regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdo" title="Amdo">Amdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham" title="Kham">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Ü-Tsang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibet Autonomous Region <span style="font-size:85%;">(TAR)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration">Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Tibet" title="Etymology of Tibet">Etymology of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tibet" title="Foreign relations of Tibet">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tibet" title="LGBT rights in Tibet">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_and_priest_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron and priest relationship">Patron and priest relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Urn" title="Golden Urn">Golden Urn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Area_(administrative_division)" title="Tibet Area (administrative division)">Tibet Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom_in_Tibet_controversy" title="Serfdom in Tibet controversy">Serfdom controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serfs%27_Emancipation_Day" title="Serfs' Emancipation Day">Serfs' Emancipation Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_sovereignty_debate" title="Tibetan sovereignty debate">Sovereignty debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_Tibetan_program" title="CIA Tibetan program">CIA Tibetan program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="India–Tibet relations">India–Tibet relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibet#Government" title="Tibet">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Government">Regional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Government_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region">TAR People's Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region_People%27s_Congress" title="Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress">TAR People's Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tibet" title="Economy of Tibet">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Tibet" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Tibet">Postage and postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_109" title="China National Highway 109">Qinghai-Tibet Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_railway" title="Qinghai–Tibet railway">Qinghai–Tibet railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tibet" title="Education in Tibet">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tibet" title="Religion in Tibet">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_(Tibetan_Buddhist_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)">Sakya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Preceptor" title="Imperial Preceptor">Imperial Preceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dpon-chen" title="Dpon-chen">Dpon-chen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingma" title="Nyingma">Nyingma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagyu" title="Kagyu">Kagyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonang" title="Jonang">Jonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Tripa" title="Ganden Tripa">Ganden Tripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dalai_Lamas" title="List of Dalai Lamas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamo_La-tso" title="Lhamo La-tso">Lhamo La-tso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panchen_Lamas" title="List of Panchen Lamas">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tibet" title="Catholic Church in Tibet">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinicization_of_Tibet" title="Sinicization of Tibet">Sinicization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Tibet" title="Social class in Tibet">Social classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changpa" title="Changpa">Changpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_people" title="Yolmo people">Yolmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Names</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Tibet">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_art" title="Tibetan art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_rug" title="Tibetan rug">rugs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">thangka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tsakli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan tsakli">tsakli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mandala" title="Sand mandala">sand mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_wall_paintings" title="Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings">wall paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_on_Tibetan_Buddhist_monasteries" title="Murals on Tibetan Buddhist monasteries">wall murals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Tibet" title="Emblem of Tibet">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_festivals" title="Tibetan festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tibet" title="Flag of Tibet">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_National_Historical_and_Cultural_Sites_in_Tibet" title="List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Tibet">Historical and cultural sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khata" title="Khata"><i>Khata</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ceremonial scarf)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_literature" title="Tibetan literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Annals" title="Tibetan Annals">Annals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Tibetan_Chronicle" title="Old Tibetan Chronicle">Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tibetan_writers" title="List of Tibetan writers">writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tibet" title="Music of Tibet">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetology" title="Tibetology">Tibetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tibet" title="Outline of Tibet">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Tibet-related_articles" title="Index of Tibet-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tibet" title="Category:Tibet">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17269#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17269#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17269#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000417910174">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147680426">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1758817/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4060036-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79100917">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933498v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933498v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572956">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tibet (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131050&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575409">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=5998">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007572806505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dd70d245-d0b4-4169-8538-cdb45807adaf">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027251705">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006643">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044313">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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