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<span>Toggle Technical overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Resolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interlacing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interlacing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Interlacing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interlacing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frame_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frame_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Frame rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frame_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signal_transmission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signal_transmission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Signal transmission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signal_transmission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B0%DB%B8%DB%B0%D8%A2%DB%8C" title="۱۰۸۰آی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۰۸۰آی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88" title="1080आई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="1080आई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i" title="1080i – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1080i" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Video mode</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1080i" title="Special:EditPage/1080i">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221080i%22">"1080i"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221080i%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221080i%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221080i%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221080i%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221080i%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1080i</b> is a term used in <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition television</a> (HDTV) and video display technology. It means a video mode with 1080 lines of vertical resolution. The "i" stands for <a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">interlaced</a> scanning method. This format was once a standard in HDTV. It was particularly used for broadcast television. This is because it can deliver high-resolution images without needing excessive bandwidth. This format is used in the <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_292" title="SMPTE 292">SMPTE 292M</a> standard. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number "1080" in 1080i refers to the number of horizontal lines that make up the vertical resolution of the display. Each of these lines contributes to the overall detail and clarity of the image. The letter "i" stands for <a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">interlaced</a>. This is a technique where the image is not displayed all at once. Instead, the frame is split into two fields. One field contains the odd-numbered lines, and the other field contains the even-numbered lines. These fields are displayed in rapid succession, giving the appearance of a full image to the human eye. The interlacing technique was developed to improve the motion portrayal of images without doubling the required bandwidth. This is particularly useful in broadcasting, where bandwidth efficiency is crucial. The frame rate is typically 50 or 60 fields per second, depending on the region. This effectively means 25 or 30 frames per second when the fields are combined.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_1080p">Comparison with 1080p</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comparison with 1080p"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A key difference between 1080i and 1080p is how the lines of resolution are displayed. Both offer 1920x1080 pixels, but the display method is different. In 1080p, the "p" stands for <a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">progressive scan</a>. Each frame is drawn line by line, from top to bottom, creating a complete image in a single pass. This results in a sharper and more stable picture, especially in fast-moving scenes. On the other hand, 1080i uses an interlaced method. The two fields that make up a frame are captured at slightly different times, leading to a misalignment in fast-moving parts of the image. This can cause artifacts like "<a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video#Interlacing_problems" title="Interlaced video">combing</a>," where fast-moving objects appear to have a serrated edge. However, 1080i has been preferred in broadcast television due to its lower bandwidth requirements, making it more efficient for over-the-air or cable transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of 1080i can be traced from <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding</a>, a Japanese analog high-definition television system. 1080i emerged as a leading standard for HDTV broadcasts. Many broadcasters worldwide adopted it. The ATSC (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee">Advanced Television Systems Committee</a>) standards and the DVB (<a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">Digital Video Broadcasting</a>) standards allowed for the transmission of 1080i video signals. The adoption of 1080i was particularly significant in sports broadcasting. The higher resolution allowed for more detail and clarity, especially in large stadium shots and fast-paced action. The format's efficiency in utilizing available bandwidth made it a practical choice for broadcasters. However, it required more complex processing on the receiving end to deinterlace the image for display on progressive-scan screens. Overall, 1080i played a crucial role in the early days of HDTV. It bridged the gap between standard-definition broadcasts and the high-definition future that would soon become the norm. While its use has diminished with the rise of <a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a> and <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a> resolutions, 1080i remains an important milestone in the evolution of television technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_overview">Technical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resolution">Resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The core of 1080i is its resolution. The resolution is 1920x1080 pixels. This means that each <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">video frame</a> has 1,920 pixels horizontally and 1,080 pixels vertically. This results in over two million individual pixels per frame. This high resolution is why 1080i is called "high-definition". It offers a significant improvement over standard-definition formats, which typically have much lower pixel counts. The 1920x1080 resolution allows for greater detail and clarity in images. This makes it ideal for larger screens where higher pixel density is essential to maintain image quality. The increased resolution is particularly noticeable in fine details such as textures, text, and intricate patterns. These can be rendered with much greater accuracy than in lower-resolution formats.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interlacing">Interlacing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interlacing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The "i" in 1080i stands for interlaced. This refers to how each video frame is displayed. Instead of showing the entire frame at once, the interlacing technique divides each frame into two separate fields. The first field contains all the odd-numbered lines (1, 3, 5, etc.), and the second field contains all the even-numbered lines (2, 4, 6, etc.). These two fields are displayed one after the other. The odd lines are shown first, followed by the even lines. This happens very quickly, around 50 or 60 fields per second. The human eye sees these two fields as a single, continuous image. The main advantage of interlacing is that it allows for a higher frame rate without needing more bandwidth. This results in smoother motion, especially for content with moderate to fast movement, like sports broadcasts. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interlaced_video_frame_(car_wheel).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Interlaced_video_frame_%28car_wheel%29.jpg/220px-Interlaced_video_frame_%28car_wheel%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Interlaced_video_frame_%28car_wheel%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="189" /></a><figcaption>An example frame of poorly deinterlaced video. Despite the fact that most TV transmissions are interlaced, plasma and LCD display technologies are progressively scanned. Consequently, flat-panel TVs convert an interlaced source to progressive scan for display, which can have an adverse impact on motion portrayal.</figcaption></figure><p> However, interlacing also has some drawbacks. Since the two fields are captured at slightly different times, fast-moving objects can appear misaligned between the two fields. This creates a visual artifact called "combing." This can reduce image quality, especially in scenes with a lot of motion. Modern display devices often use deinterlacing algorithms to combine the two fields into a single progressive image before displaying it.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frame_rate">Frame rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Frame rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame rate</a> of 1080i is usually 50 or 60 Hz. It depends on the region. In areas using the <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a> or <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a> standards, like Europe and parts of Asia, the frame rate is 50 Hz. In regions using <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, like North America and Japan, the frame rate is 60 Hz. The frame rate refers to how often a new field is shown per second. At 50 Hz, 50 fields are shown each second. This results in 25 full frames per second when the odd and even fields are combined. At 60 Hz, 60 fields are shown per second. This results in 30 full frames per second. Interlacing affects how motion is perceived in 1080i. Since each field represents a slightly different moment in time, motion can appear smoother compared to lower frame rate progressive scans. However, this also means 1080i can struggle with fast-moving scenes. The interlaced fields might not perfectly align, leading to motion artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU) prefers to use the resolution and <i>frame rate</i> (not field rate) separated by a <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a>, as in <i>1080i/30</i> and <i>1080i/25</i>, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signal_transmission">Signal transmission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Signal transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1080i video signals can be carried by four main digital television broadcast systems: <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a>. In both ATSC and DVB systems, the 1080i signal is compressed using codecs like <a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> or <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a> to reduce the bandwidth required for transmission. </p><p>In the United States, 1080i is the preferred format for most broadcasters, with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> owned networks broadcasting in the format, along with most smaller broadcasters. Only <a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox</a>- and <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a>-owned television networks, along with <a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a> and a few other cable networks, use <a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a> as the preferred format for their networks; <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A&E Networks</a> channels converted from 720p to 1080i sometime in 2013 due to acquired networks already transmitting in the 1080i format. Many ABC affiliates owned by <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Television" title="Hearst Television">Hearst Television</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Belo_Corporation" title="Belo Corporation">Belo Corporation</a> stations owned by <a href="/wiki/Tegna_Inc." title="Tegna Inc.">Tegna</a>, along with some individual affiliates of those three networks, air their signals in 1080i and upscale network programming for master control and transmission purposes, as most syndicated programming and advertising is produced and distributed in 1080i/p, removing a downscaling step to 720p. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the higher resolution (especially for <a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">weather forecasting</a> presentation purposes for map clarity) to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_(video)" title="Field (video)">Field (video)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">High-definition television in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_resolutions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of common resolutions">List of common resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_HDVS" title="Sony HDVS">Sony HDVS</a> Wideband Analog Video</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecine" title="Telecine">Telecine</a></li> <li>Other common resolutions: <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">4320p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">2160p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a>  • <a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">360p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">288p</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">240p</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.videoexpertsgroup.com/glossary/1080i-resolution">"What is a 1080i Resolution?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+1080i+Resolution%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.videoexpertsgroup.com%2Fglossary%2F1080i-resolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howtogeek.com/132486/what-is-the-difference-between-1080p-and-1080i/">"What Is the Difference Between 1080p and 1080i?"</a>. 22 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+the+Difference+Between+1080p+and+1080i%3F&rft.date=2013-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F132486%2Fwhat-is-the-difference-between-1080p-and-1080i%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytools.org/vs/1080i-vs-1080p">"1080i vs 1080p: A Comprehensive Technical and Historical Analysis"</a>. 24 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1080i+vs+1080p%3A+A+Comprehensive+Technical+and+Historical+Analysis&rft.date=2024-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytools.org%2Fvs%2F1080i-vs-1080p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.33rdsquare.com/is-1080i-high-definition/">"Is 1080i high-definition? A deeper look at 1080i vs 1080p"</a>. 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+1080i+high-definition%3F+A+deeper+look+at+1080i+vs+1080p&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.33rdsquare.com%2Fis-1080i-high-definition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediacollege.com/video/format/hdtv/1080i.html">"1080i"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1080i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediacollege.com%2Fvideo%2Fformat%2Fhdtv%2F1080i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techopedia.com/definition/31140/1080-interlaced-1080i">"1080 Interlaced"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1080+Interlaced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techopedia.com%2Fdefinition%2F31140%2F1080-interlaced-1080i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/1080i/">"1080 interlaced – 1080i"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1080+interlaced+%E2%80%93+1080i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webopedia.com%2Fdefinitions%2F1080i%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bluecinetech.co.uk/1080i-vs-1080p/">"1080i vs 1080p: Explaining the Key Differences Impact on Image Quality"</a>. 3 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1080i+vs+1080p%3A+Explaining+the+Key+Differences+Impact+on+Image+Quality&rft.date=2023-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluecinetech.co.uk%2F1080i-vs-1080p%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1080i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production", EBU-TECH 3299, EBU.UER, Geneva, January 2010, page 7</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1080i&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3299.pdf">High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">EBU</a> technical publication)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digital_video_resolutions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TV_resolution" title="Template:TV resolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TV_resolution" title="Template talk:TV resolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TV_resolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TV resolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_video_resolutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">Digital video resolutions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; border:0; text-align:center; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%" rowspan="2">Usage examples</th> <th width="25%" rowspan="2">Definition (lines)</th> <th colspan="2">Rate (Hz)</th> </tr> <tr> <th width="25%">Interlaced (fields)</th> <th width="25%">Progressive (frames)</th> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Low, <br /><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MP@LL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">HTV</a></td> <td width="25%">240, 288 (<a href="/wiki/Source_Input_Format" title="Source Input Format">SIF</a>)</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">24, 30; 25</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard, <br />MP@ML</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">SVCD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></td> <td width="25%">480 (<a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>), 576 (<a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>/<a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">60</a>; <a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">50</a></td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">24, 30</a>; <a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">25</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enhanced, <br />HMP@HML</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a></td> <td width="25%">480, 540 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC-HQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NTSC-HQ (page does not exist)">NTSC-HQ</a>), 576 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=PAL-HQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAL-HQ (page does not exist)">PAL-HQ</a>)</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">24, 30</a>; <a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">25</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High, <br />MP@HL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">BD</a>, <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></td> <td width="25%">720</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">24, 30, 60; 25, 50</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1080, 1440</td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">60; 50</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">24, 30, 60; 25, 50</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ultra-high</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">UHD BRD</a></td> <td width="25%">2160, 4320</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">60, 120, 180</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_video_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_formats" title="Template:Video formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_formats" title="Template talk:Video formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_video_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Broadcast video formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-MAC" title="B-MAC">B-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">N</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL#PALN" title="PAL">PAL-N</a>, <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E#System_F" title="CCIR System E">F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1125 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1250 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD-MAC" title="HD-MAC">HD-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">BTSC (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIAJ_MTS" title="EIAJ MTS">EIAJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_audio_program" title="Second audio program">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGMS-A" title="CGMS-A">CGMS-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost-canceling_reference" title="Ghost-canceling reference">GCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Delivery_Control" title="Programme Delivery Control">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">VBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Encoded_Invisible_Light" title="Video Encoded Invisible Light">VEIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIT_signals" title="VIT signals">VIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_interval_timecode" title="Vertical interval timecode">VITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">WSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Data_Services" title="Extended Data Services">XDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_systems_before_1940" title="Television systems before 1940">Pre-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180-line_television_system" title="180-line television system">180-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/343-line_television_system" title="343-line television system">343-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375-line_television_system" title="375-line television system">375-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455-line_television_system" title="455-line television system">455-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/567-line_television_system" title="567-line television system">567-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">Field-sequential color system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television#OSKM" title="Soviet Central Television">OSKM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1080i</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">240p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">288p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">MPEG-2 Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB_3D-TV" title="DVB 3D-TV">DVB 3D-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">MPEG-4 AVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" title="ATSC standards">ATSC A/72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">MPEG-H HEVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">HD DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S3" title="ISDB">ISDB-S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">5.1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_pulse-code_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear pulse-code modulation">LPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">AFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-CPCM" title="DVB-CPCM">CPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avs-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avs_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avs_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mobaho-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Defunct.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Technical issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9" class="mw-redirect" title="14:9">14:9 compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Cinema Initiative">DCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">Display motion blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_image_formats" title="Moving image formats">Moving image formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Standards_Conversion" title="Reverse Standards Conversion">Reverse Standards Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">Television transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">Test card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_processing" title="Video processing">Video processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">Widescreen signaling</a></li> <li>Templates (<a href="/wiki/Template:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics">Analogue TV Topics</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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