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12:44">◄</a> Exodus 12:45 <a href="../exodus/12-46.htm" title="Exodus 12:46">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse">A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.</div><div id="jump">Jump to: <a href="/commentaries/barnes/exodus/12.htm" title="Barnes' Notes">Barnes</a> • <a href="/commentaries/benson/exodus/12.htm" title="Benson Commentary">Benson</a> • <a href="/commentaries/illustrator/exodus/12.htm" title="Biblical Illustrator">BI</a> • <a href="/commentaries/calvin/exodus/12.htm" title="Calvin's Commentaries">Calvin</a> • <a href="/commentaries/cambridge/exodus/12.htm" title="Cambridge Bible">Cambridge</a> • <a href="/commentaries/clarke/exodus/12.htm" title="Clarke's Commentary">Clarke</a> • <a href="/commentaries/darby/exodus/12.htm" title="Darby's Bible Synopsis">Darby</a> • <a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/12.htm" title="Ellicott's 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href="/commentaries/ttb/exodus/12.htm" title="Through The Bible">TTB</a> • <a href="/commentaries/wes/exodus/12.htm" title="Wesley's Notes">WES</a> • <a href="#tsk" title="Treasury of Scripture Knowledge">TSK</a></div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="comtype">EXPOSITORY (ENGLISH BIBLE)</div><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/12.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(45) <span class= "bld">An hired servant.</span>—It is assumed that the hired servant will be a foreigner; otherwise, of course, he would participate.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/benson/exodus/12.htm">Benson Commentary</a></div><span class="bld"><a href="/exodus/12-45.htm" title="A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.">Exodus 12:45</a>; <a href="/exodus/12-48.htm" title="And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.">Exodus 12:48</a></span>. <span class="ital">A hired servant — </span>Unless he submit to be circumcised. <span class="ital">All the congregation of Israel must keep it </span>— Though it was observed in families apart, yet it is looked upon as the act of <span class="ital">the whole congregation. </span>And so the New Testament passover, the Lord’s supper, ought not to be neglected by any that are capable of celebrating it. No <span class="ital">stranger </span>that was <span class="ital">uncircumcised </span>might eat of it. Neither may any now approach the Lord’s supper who have not first submitted to baptism; nor shall any partake of the benefit of Christ’s sacrifice, who are not first <span class="ital">circumcised in heart. </span>Any stranger that was <span class="ital">circumcised </span>might eat of the passover, even <span class="ital">servants. </span>Here is an indication of favour to the poor Gentiles, that the <span class="ital">stranger, </span>if circumcised, stands upon the same level with the home-born Israelite; <span class="ital">one law for both. </span>This was a mortification to the Jews, and taught them that it was their dedication to God, not their descent from Abraham, that entitled them to their privileges.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="mhc" id="mhc"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/mhc/exodus/12.htm">Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary</a></div>12:43-51 In times to come, all the congregation of Israel must keep the passover. All that share in God's mercies should join in thankful praises for them. The New Testament passover, the Lord's supper, ought not to be neglected by any. Strangers, if circumcised, might eat of the passover. Here is an early indication of favour to the gentiles. This taught the Jews that their being a nation favoured by God, entitled them to their privileges, not their descent from Abraham. Christ our passover is sacrificed for us, 1Co 5:7; his blood is the only ransom for our souls; without the shedding of it there is no remission; without the sprinkling of it there can be no salvation. Have we, by faith in him, sheltered our souls from deserved vengeance under the protection of his atoning blood? Do we keep close to him, constantly depending upon him? Do we so profess our faith in the Redeemer, and our obligations to him, that all who pass by may know to whom we belong? Do we stand prepared for his service, ready to walk in his ways, and to separate ourselves from his enemies? These are questions of vast importance to the soul; may the Lord direct our consciences honestly to answer them.<a name="bar" id="bar"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/barnes/exodus/12.htm">Barnes' Notes on the Bible</a></div>A foreigner - or sojourner: one who resides in a country, not having a permanent home, nor being attached to an Israelitish household. <a name="jfb" id="jfb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/jfb/exodus/12.htm">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a></div>41. even the selfsame day—implying an exact and literal fulfilment of the predicted period.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/poole/exodus/12.htm">Matthew Poole's Commentary</a></div> Except he submit to circumcision, as <span class="bldvs"> <a href="/exodus/12-43.htm" title="And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:">Exodus 12:43</a></span>. See <span class="bldvs"> <a href="/numbers/9-14.htm" title="And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover to the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: you shall have one ordinance, both for the stranger, and for him that was born in the land.">Numbers 9:14</a></span>. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="gil" id="gil"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gill/exodus/12.htm">Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible</a></div>A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. One of another nation, and one that was only hired by the day, week, or year; as they were not obliged to circumcision, so without it they had no right to eat of the passover, none but such as became proselytes of righteousness. <a name="gsb" id="gsb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gsb/exodus/12.htm">Geneva Study Bible</a></div><span class="cverse2">A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.</span></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="comtype">EXEGETICAL (ORIGINAL LANGUAGES)</div><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/cambridge/exodus/12.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a></div><span class="bld">45</span>. The <span class="bld">settler</span> (<span class="ital">tôshâb</span>) and <span class="ital">hired servant</span> are not to eat of it. The technical distinction between the <span class="ital">tôshâb</span> and the <span class="ital">gêr</span> (<span class="ital">v.</span> 48) is not altogether clear. To judge from the etymology, the <span class="ital">tôshâb</span> was a foreigner, more permanently ‘settled’ in Israel than an ordinary <span class="ital">gêr</span>, and also perhaps (<a href="/leviticus/22-10.htm" title="There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.">Leviticus 22:10</a>; <a href="/leviticus/25-6.htm" title="And the sabbath of the land shall be meat for you; for you, and for your servant, and for your maid, and for your hired servant, and for your stranger that sojournes with you.">Leviticus 25:6</a>) more definitely attached to a particular family (LXX. usually <span class="greekheb">πάροικος</span>), but, like the <span class="ital">gêr</span>, without civil rights, and dependent for his position on the good-will of his <span class="ital">patronus</span> (cf. <a href="/genesis/23-4.htm" title="I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a burial plot with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.">Genesis 23:4</a>, <a href="/leviticus/25-23.htm" title="The land shall not be sold for ever: for the land is mine, for you are strangers and sojourners with me.">Leviticus 25:23</a>, <a href="/psalms/39-12.htm" title="Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear to my cry; hold not your peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with you, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were.">Psalm 39:12</a>, <a href="/1_chronicles/29-15.htm" title="For we are strangers before you, and sojourners, as were all our fathers: our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is none abiding.">1 Chronicles 29:15</a>): the word also occurs <a href="/leviticus/25-35.htm" title="And if your brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay with you; then you shall relieve him: yes, though he be a stranger, or a sojourner; that he may live with you.">Leviticus 25:35</a>; <a href="/leviticus/25-40.htm" title="But as an hired servant, and as a sojourner, he shall be with you, and shall serve you to the year of jubilee.">Leviticus 25:40</a>; <a href="/leviticus/25-45.htm" title="Moreover of the children of the strangers that do sojourn among you, of them shall you buy, and of their families that are with you, which they begat in your land: and they shall be your possession.">Leviticus 25:45</a>; <a href="/leviticus/25-47.htm" title="And if a sojourner or stranger wax rich by you, and your brother that dwells by him wax poor, and sell himself to the stranger or sojourner by you, or to the stock of the stranger's family:">Leviticus 25:47</a> (twice), <a href="/numbers/35-15.htm" title="These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that kills any person unawares may flee thither.">Numbers 35:15</a>. RV. ‘sojourner,’ except <a href="/leviticus/25-6.htm" title="And the sabbath of the land shall be meat for you; for you, and for your servant, and for your maid, and for your hired servant, and for your stranger that sojournes with you.">Leviticus 25:6</a>; <a href="/leviticus/25-45.htm" title="Moreover of the children of the strangers that do sojourn among you, of them shall you buy, and of their families that are with you, which they begat in your land: and they shall be your possession.">Leviticus 25:45</a> ‘stranger.’ See further Bertholet, <span class="ital">Die Stellung der Isr. zu den Fremden</span> (1896), p. 157 ff. (cf. 172 f.), Bä. p. 107, <span class="ital">EB.</span> iv. 4818. The ‘hired servant’ is associated, as here, in <a href="/leviticus/22-10.htm" title="There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.">Leviticus 22:10</a>; <a href="/leviticus/25-6.htm" title="And the sabbath of the land shall be meat for you; for you, and for your servant, and for your maid, and for your hired servant, and for your stranger that sojournes with you.">Leviticus 25:6</a>; <a href="/leviticus/25-40.htm" title="But as an hired servant, and as a sojourner, he shall be with you, and shall serve you to the year of jubilee.">Leviticus 25:40</a>, with the <span class="ital">tôshâb</span>, and in <a href="/leviticus/22-10.htm" title="There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.">Leviticus 22:10</a> with the <span class="ital">gêr</span> as well, as having both similar disqualifications, and (<a href="/exodus/25-39.htm" title="Of a talent of pure gold shall he make it, with all these vessels.">Exodus 25:39</a> f.) similar rights; evidently he is to be thought of as a foreigner (cf. <a href="/leviticus/25-6.htm" title="And the sabbath of the land shall be meat for you; for you, and for your servant, and for your maid, and for your hired servant, and for your stranger that sojournes with you.">Leviticus 25:6</a> ‘that <span class="ital">sojourn</span> with thee’), whose rights are limited, and who is hired by his master, for fixed wages, for a longer or a shorter time. Why the same permission is not given to the ‘settler’ as to the ‘sojourner’ (<span class="ital">v.</span> 48) to partake of the Passover, if he is circumcised, is not apparent; perhaps (cf. Bertholet, 159) he is included in <span class="ital">v.</span> 48 in the more general term <span class="ital">gêr</span> (cf. Lev Exo 25:6 <span class="ital">end</span>).<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="pul" id="pul"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/12.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 45.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">A foreigner.</span> Literally "a so-journer" - <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, a foreigner who is merely passing through the land, or staying for a time, without intending to become a permanent resident. The Septuagint <span class="greek">πάροικος</span> well expresses the meaning. <span class="cmt_word">An hired servant.</span> It is assumed that the "hired servant" will be a foreigner; and intended to guard against any compulsion being put upon him. Exodus 12:45<a name="kad" id="kad"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/kad/exodus/12.htm">Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament</a></div>Regulations Concerning the Participants in the Passover. - These regulations, which were supplementary to the law of the Passover in <a href="http://biblehub.com/exodus/12-3.htm">Exodus 12:3-11</a>, were not communicated before the exodus; because it was only by the fact that a crowd of foreigners attached themselves to the Israelites, that Israel was brought into a connection with foreigners, which needed to be clearly defined, especially so far as the Passover was concerned, the festival of Israel's birth as the people of God. If the Passover was still to retain this signification, of course no foreigner could participate in it. This is the first regulation. But as it was by virtue of a divine call, and not through natural descent, that Israel had become the people of Jehovah, and as it was destined in that capacity to be a blessing to all nations, the attitude assumed towards foreigners was not to be an altogether repelling one. Hence the further directions in <a href="/exodus/12-44.htm">Exodus 12:44</a> : purchased servants, who had been politically incorporated as Israel's property, were to be entirely incorporated by circumcision, so as even to take part in the Passover. But settlers, and servants working for wages, were not to eat of it, for they stood in a purely external relation, which might be any day dissolved. בּ אכל, lit., to eat at anything, to take part in the eating (<a href="/leviticus/22-11.htm">Leviticus 22:11</a>). The deeper ground fore this was, that in this meal Israel was to preserve and celebrate its unity and fellowship with Jehovah. This was the meaning of the regulations, which were repeated in <a href="/exodus/12-46.htm">Exodus 12:46</a> and <a href="/exodus/12-47.htm">Exodus 12:47</a> from <a href="http://biblehub.com/exodus/12-4.htm">Exodus 12:4</a>, <a href="http://biblehub.com/exodus/12-9.htm">Exodus 12:9</a>, and <a href="http://biblehub.com/exodus/12-10.htm">Exodus 12:10</a>, where they had been already explained. If, therefore, a foreigner living among the Israelites wished to keep the Passover, he was first of all to be spiritually incorporated into the nation of Jehovah by circumcision (<a href="/exodus/12-48.htm">Exodus 12:48</a>). פס ועשׂה: "And he has made (i.e., made ready) a passover to Jehovah, let every male be circumcised to him (i.e., he himself, and the male members of his house), and then he may draw near (sc., to Jehovah) to keep it." The first עשׂה denotes the wish or intention to do it, the second, the actual execution of the wish. The words בּן־נכר, גּר, תּושׁב and שׂכיר, are all indicative of non-Israelites. בּן־נכר was applied quite generally to any foreigner springing from another nation; גּר was a foreigner living for a shorter or longer time in the midst of the Israelites; תּושׁב, lit., a dweller, settler, was one who settled permanently among the Israelites, without being received into their religious fellowship; שׂכיר was the non-Israelite, who worked for an Israelite for wages. <div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 Interlinear</a><br /><a href="/texts/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 Parallel Texts</a><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/niv/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="http://bibleapps.com/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 Bible Apps</a><br /><a href="/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 Parallel</a><br /><a href="http://bibliaparalela.com/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="http://holybible.com.cn/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="http://saintebible.com/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 French Bible</a><br /><a href="http://bibeltext.com/exodus/12-45.htm">Exodus 12:45 German Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/">Bible Hub</a><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td align="center"><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="../exodus/12-44.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 12:44"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 12:44" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="../exodus/12-46.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 12:46"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 12:46" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div> <div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>