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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ألين هيغينز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألين هيغينز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2" title="الين هيجينز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الين هيجينز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Хиггинс, Элиот – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиггинс, Элиот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%96%D2%91%D2%91%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Еліот Гіґґінс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еліот Гіґґінс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="Eliot Higgins – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Eliot Higgins" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16218443#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Higgins" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Eliot Ward Higgins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015_Eliot_Higgins_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015_Eliot_Higgins_3.jpg/220px-Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015_Eliot_Higgins_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015_Eliot_Higgins_3.jpg/330px-Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015_Eliot_Higgins_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015_Eliot_Higgins_3.jpg/440px-Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015_Eliot_Higgins_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Higgins in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Eliot Ward Higgins</div><br />January 1979 (age 45)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Blogger</li> <li>weapons analyst</li> <li>citizen journalist</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Analysis on:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a></li> <li>downing of <a href="/wiki/MH17" class="mw-redirect" title="MH17">MH17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Bellingcat" title="We Are Bellingcat">We Are Bellingcat</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eliot Ward Higgins</b> (born January 1979),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who previously wrote under the pseudonym <b>Brown Moses</b>, is a British <a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen journalist">citizen journalist</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blogger</a>, known for using open sources and social media for investigations. He is the founder of <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative journalism</a> website that specialises in <a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">fact-checking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence" title="Open-source intelligence">open-source intelligence</a>. He has investigated incidents including the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, the downing of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal</a>. He first gained mainstream media attention by identifying weapons in uploaded videos from the Syrian conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Radden_Keefe_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radden_Keefe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Higgins was born in <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a>, England, in January 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A high-school dropout,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he attended <a href="/wiki/Haberdashers%27_Adams" title="Haberdashers' Adams">Haberdashers' Adams Grammar School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a> from 1990 to 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He previously worked in finance and administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosker_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosker-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, when Higgins began blogging about the Syrian civil war, he was unemployed and spent his days taking care of his child at home;<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his wife is Turkish.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosker_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosker-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shubert_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shubert-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higgins took the pseudonym Brown Moses from the <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> song "Brown Moses" on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Thing-Fish" title="Thing-Fish">Thing-Fish</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Higgins' analyses of Syrian weapons, which began as a hobby out of his home in his spare time, are frequently cited by the press and human rights groups and have led to parliamentary discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Brown Moses Blog began in March 2012 by covering the Syrian conflict. Higgins operates by monitoring over 450 YouTube channels daily looking for images of weapons and tracking when new types appear in the war, where, and with whom.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i> reporter Matthew Weaver, Higgins has been "hailed as something of a pioneer" for his work. Higgins has no background or training in weapons and is entirely self-taught, saying that "Before the Arab spring I knew no more about weapons than the average Xbox owner. I had no knowledge beyond what I'd learned from Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rambo."<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Higgins began reporting on the use of improvised <a href="/wiki/Barrel_bomb" title="Barrel bomb">barrel bombs</a> by the Syrian government in 2012, around the time their use was first reported.<sup id="cite_ref-higgins_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-higgins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other aspects of the Syrian conflict uncovered and documented by Higgins include the use of <a href="/wiki/Cluster_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster bomb">cluster bombs</a> in 2012, which the Syrian government denied using; the proliferation of shoulder-launched heat-seeking missiles known as <a href="/wiki/MANPADS" class="mw-redirect" title="MANPADS">MANPADS</a>; and the proliferation of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a>-made weapons which was reportedly connected to the United States, a story later picked up by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also investigated the Syrian regime's alleged use of chemical weapons, including the <a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a> in detail.<sup id="cite_ref-Burrell_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burrell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higgins has also performed contract work for <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and Action on Armed Violence.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosker_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosker-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higgins' work on who was responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">sarin</a> gas attacks in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> was criticised in a letter to the <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Postol" title="Theodore Postol">Theodore Postol</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> and former UN weapons inspector,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Richard Lloyd.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Higgins used <a href="/wiki/Geolocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Geolocation">geolocation</a> to publish an estimate of where the <a href="/wiki/James_Foley_(journalist)" title="James Foley (journalist)">James Foley</a> execution video was made outside <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a> stronghold in north-central Syria. Higgins used visual markers in stills from the video and his interpretation of satellite images of the terrain around Raqqa.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2016 until early 2019, Higgins was a senior fellow in the Atlantic Council's <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council#The_Digital_Forensic_Research_Lab_(DFRLab)" title="Atlantic Council">Digital Forensic Research Lab</a> and <i>Future Europe Initiative</i> projects.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2018 Higgins was a visiting research associate at the Centre for Science and Security Studies (CSSS) at the Department of War Studies at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> and visiting research fellow at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California Berkeley">University of California Berkeley</a>'s Human Rights Center.<sup id="cite_ref-arselec_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arselec-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October of that year, Higgins was the subject of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Radio Four">BBC Radio Four</a>'s programme <i>Profile</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Profile_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Profile-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bellingcat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a></div> <p>On 15 July 2014, Higgins began a new website called <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a> for <a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">citizen journalists</a> to investigate current events using open-source information such as videos, maps and pictures. Its launch was funded by a <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Kickstarter_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kickstarter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bellingcat's self-taught open-source analysts include Higgins and eight volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Among its major projects, Bellingcat has investigated the downing of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a> in Ukraine. Its work is being considered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps_(Netherlands)" title="National Police Corps (Netherlands)">Dutch police</a> investigating the crash,<sup id="cite_ref-Burrell_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burrell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Higgins has been interviewed twice by the investigators.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bellingcat has suggested that the anti-aircraft missile that hit the plane was fired by a Russian unit, the 53rd Buk brigade, based in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 May 2015, Bellingcat released a report alleging among other things photo manipulation of satellite images released by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Defense">Russian Ministry of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mayMH17report_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayMH17report-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (March 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The photos concerned the location of Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Buk_missile_system" title="Buk missile system">Buk missile launchers</a> around the time MH17 was shot down.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (March 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bellingcat's use of <a href="/wiki/Error_level_analysis" title="Error level analysis">error level analysis</a> in its report was criticised by Jens Kriese, a professional image analyst.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bellingcat's findings about which field the missile was fired from were vindicated in September 2016 by the Dutch-led MH17 <a href="/wiki/MH17#Criminal_investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="MH17">Joint Investigation Team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Higgins published an image on social media of former President Trump in jail in a jumpsuit, generated by AI. As a result of this, he was banned from <a href="/wiki/Midjourney" title="Midjourney">Midjourney</a>, which he used to create the image.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eliot_Higgins,_Alina_Polyakova_(19310258089).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eliot_Higgins%2C_Alina_Polyakova_%2819310258089%29.jpg/220px-Eliot_Higgins%2C_Alina_Polyakova_%2819310258089%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eliot_Higgins%2C_Alina_Polyakova_%2819310258089%29.jpg/330px-Eliot_Higgins%2C_Alina_Polyakova_%2819310258089%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eliot_Higgins%2C_Alina_Polyakova_%2819310258089%29.jpg/440px-Eliot_Higgins%2C_Alina_Polyakova_%2819310258089%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4483" data-file-height="2984" /></a><figcaption>Eliot Higgins and Alina Polyakova,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presenting "Hiding in Plain Sight"; Andrij Melnyk,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berlin, 2015<sup id="cite_ref-event-recap-disinfo_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-event-recap-disinfo-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eurasia-center-about_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurasia-center-about-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung--SoundCloud_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung--SoundCloud-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2015, Higgins was one of five co-authors of the report <i>Hiding in Plain Sight: Putin's War in Ukraine</i> published by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>, which examined direct Russian military involvement in Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higgins together with a report co-author, Maks Czuperski<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the Atlantic Council, presented <i>Hiding in Plain Sight</i> at the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> alongside Russian opposition figure <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Yashin" title="Ilya Yashin">Ilya Yashin</a> and former Russian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kasyanov" title="Mikhail Kasyanov">Mikhail Kasyanov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (March 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Higgins was also one of five authors of an Atlantic Council report released in 2016, <i>Distract, Deceive, Destroy</i>, on Russia's role in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dddreport_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dddreport-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Higgins' 2021 book <i><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Bellingcat" title="We Are Bellingcat">We Are Bellingcat</a></i> documents the rise of citizen investigative journalism and Bellingcat and was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>'</i> and <a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week"><i>The Week's</i></a> book of the week in February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Higgins has received significant praise and support from human rights groups, journalists, and non-profit organisations. In 2013, Peter Bouckaert, emergencies director at <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> said "Brown Moses is among the best out there when it comes to weapons monitoring in Syria".<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> war reporter <a href="/wiki/C.J._Chivers" class="mw-redirect" title="C.J. Chivers">C.J. Chivers</a> said, in 2013, that fellow journalists owe a debt to Higgins' investigative reporting in Syria. "Many people, whether they admit or not, have been relying on that blog's daily labour to cull the uncountable videos that circulate from the conflict," he said.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> said, in 2013, that the Brown Moses Blog was vital in proving the Syrian government was using ballistic missiles, information then used to send a research mission to Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Brien_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Brien-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Higgins has been a subject of interest for the British and U.S. media. In 2015, he was described as "one of the world's foremost citizen journalists" by <a href="/wiki/News_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="News Limited">News Limited</a> reporter Victoria Craw.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been profiled in print by <i>The Guardian</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Burrell_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burrell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bosker_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosker-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Radden_Keefe_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radden_Keefe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Television features have been run by <i><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-O'Brien_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Brien-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shubert_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shubert-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also been covered by non-English sources.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 <a href="/wiki/Hanns_Joachim_Friedrichs_Award" title="Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Award">Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Award</a> (Sonderpreis) for excellence in journalism was awarded to Higgins and bellingcat.<sup id="cite_ref-hanns-joachim-friedrichs_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanns-joachim-friedrichs-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, he was announced as one of <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i> magazine's Global Thinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, he was named one of the 28 most influential people in Europe, in the "Disrupters" category, by <a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2013" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Eliot (19 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723075925/http://sabotagetimes.com/politics/how-i-accidentally-became-an-expert-on-the-syrian-conflict">"How I Accidentally Became An Expert On The Syrian Conflict"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sabotage_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabotage Times">Sabotage Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sabotagetimes.com/politics/how-i-accidentally-became-an-expert-on-the-syrian-conflict">the original</a> on 23 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabotage+Times&rft.atitle=How+I+Accidentally+Became+An+Expert+On+The+Syrian+Conflict&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsabotagetimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fhow-i-accidentally-became-an-expert-on-the-syrian-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtlantic_Council2015" class="citation web cs1">Maksymilian Czuperski; John Herbst; Eliot Higgins; Alina Polyakova; Damon Wilson (15 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/hiding-in-plain-sight/">"Hiding in plain sight: Putin's war in Ukraine"</a>. <i>Atlantic Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Council&rft.atitle=Hiding+in+plain+sight%3A+Putin%27s+war+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft.au=Maksymilian+Czuperski&rft.au=John+Herbst&rft.au=Eliot+Higgins&rft.au=Alina+Polyakova&rft.au=Damon+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fin-depth-research-reports%2Freport%2Fhiding-in-plain-sight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2016" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Eliot (26 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/1st-draft/piecing-together-open-source-evidence-from-the-syrian-sarin-attacks-9027f0238857">"Piecing together open source evidence from the Syrian Sarin attacks - First Draft Footnotes"</a>. <i>First Draft News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=First+Draft+News&rft.atitle=Piecing+together+open+source+evidence+from+the+Syrian+Sarin+attacks+-+First+Draft+Footnotes&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F1st-draft%2Fpiecing-together-open-source-evidence-from-the-syrian-sarin-attacks-9027f0238857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2021" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Eliot (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201042949/https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/we-are-bellingcat-9781526615756/"><i>We Are Bellingcat: An Intelligence Agency for the People</i></a>. London: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5266-1575-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5266-1575-6"><bdi>978-1-5266-1575-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/we-are-bellingcat-9781526615756/">the original</a> on 1 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+Are+Bellingcat%3A+An+Intelligence+Agency+for+the+People&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-5266-1575-6&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsbury.com%2Fuk%2Fwe-are-bellingcat-9781526615756%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/CXZW53jimPQ9-c8pqoXHtbFOOEE/appointments">"Eliott Ward Higgins"</a>. Companies House<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eliott+Ward+Higgins&rft.pub=Companies+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.companieshouse.gov.uk%2Fofficers%2FCXZW53jimPQ9-c8pqoXHtbFOOEE%2Fappointments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weaver-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2013" class="citation news cs1">Weaver, Matthew (21 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/21/frontroom-blogger-analyses-weapons-syria-frontline">"How Brown Moses exposed Syrian arms trafficking from his front room"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Brown+Moses+exposed+Syrian+arms+trafficking+from+his+front+room&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fmar%2F21%2Ffrontroom-blogger-analyses-weapons-syria-frontline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radden_Keefe-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Radden_Keefe_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Radden_Keefe_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeefe2013" class="citation news cs1">Keefe, Patrick Radden (25 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/11/25/rocket-man-2">"Rocket Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Rocket+Man&rft.date=2013-11-25&rft.aulast=Keefe&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Radden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2013%2F11%2F25%2Frocket-man-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=I8I9vmlYyuiWSrzCRT26Hw&scan=1">"Index entry"</a>. <i>FreeBMD</i>. ONS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeBMD&rft.atitle=Index+entry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebmd.org.uk%2Fcgi%2Finformation.pl%3Fcite%3DI8I9vmlYyuiWSrzCRT26Hw%26scan%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/CXZW53jimPQ9-c8pqoXHtbFOOEE/appointments">"Eliot Ward HIGGINS"</a>. <i>Personal Appointments</i>. <a href="/wiki/Companies_House" title="Companies House">Companies House</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Personal+Appointments&rft.atitle=Eliot+Ward+HIGGINS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.companieshouse.gov.uk%2Fofficers%2FCXZW53jimPQ9-c8pqoXHtbFOOEE%2Fappointments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2021" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Eliot (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201042949/https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/we-are-bellingcat-9781526615756/"><i>We Are Bellingcat: An Intelligence Agency for the People</i></a>. London: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5266-1575-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5266-1575-6"><bdi>978-1-5266-1575-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/we-are-bellingcat-9781526615756/">the original</a> on 1 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adams%27+Grammar+School+Alumni&rft.pub=Adams%27+Grammar+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adamsgs.uk%2Four-community%2Falumni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosker-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosker_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosker_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosker_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosker_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosker2013" class="citation news cs1">Bosker, Bianca (18 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/18/eliot-higgins-syria_n_4269417.html">"Inside The One-Man Intelligence Unit That Exposed The Secrets And Atrocities Of Syria's War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Inside+The+One-Man+Intelligence+Unit+That+Exposed+The+Secrets+And+Atrocities+Of+Syria%27s+War&rft.date=2013-11-18&rft.aulast=Bosker&rft.aufirst=Bianca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F11%2F18%2Feliot-higgins-syria_n_4269417.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shubert-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shubert_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shubert_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShubert2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Atika_Shubert" title="Atika Shubert">Shubert, Atika</a> (1 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/29/world/europe/syria-weapons-blogger">"In his living room, blogger traces arms trafficking to Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+his+living+room%2C+blogger+traces+arms+trafficking+to+Syria&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft.aulast=Shubert&rft.aufirst=Atika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2013%2F03%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fsyria-weapons-blogger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-higgins-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-higgins_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2012" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Eliot (30 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/08/the-mystery-of-syrian-barrel-bombs.html">"The Mystery of the Syrian Barrel Bombs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_Moses_Blog" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Moses Blog">Brown Moses Blog</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Council&rft.atitle=Eliot+Higgins+-+Nonresident+Senior+Fellow%2C+Digital+Forensic+Research+Lab%2C+Future+Europe+Initiative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fabout%2Fexperts%2Flist%2Feliot-higgins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2019" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Eliot (16 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/EliotHiggins/status/1085495902435971073">"I actually left the Atlantic Council at the start of this year to focus on justice and accountability work and a major Yemen project, so you'll need to update your conspiracy theories"</a>. <i>Twitter</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=I+actually+left+the+Atlantic+Council+at+the+start+of+this+year+to+focus+on+justice+and+accountability+work+and+a+major+Yemen+project%2C+so+you%27ll+need+to+update+your+conspiracy+theories.&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FEliotHiggins%2Fstatus%2F1085495902435971073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arselec-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arselec_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Hieslmair2018" class="citation web cs1">Martin Hieslmair (12 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ars.electronica.art/aeblog/en/2018/06/12/bellingcat">"Bellingcat: Looking for Traces in the Digital Environment"</a>. <i>ars.electronica.art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ars.electronica.art&rft.atitle=Bellingcat%3A+Looking+for+Traces+in+the+Digital+Environment&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.au=Martin+Hieslmair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fars.electronica.art%2Faeblog%2Fen%2F2018%2F06%2F12%2Fbellingcat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Profile-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Profile_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">Presenter: Mark Coles; Producer: Smita Patel; Researcher: Oliver Jones; Editor: Emma Rippon (14 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0000qf4">"Profile: Eliot Higgins"</a>. <i>Profile</i>. 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Routledge. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-73792-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-73792-0"><bdi>978-1-351-73792-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=We+are+Bellingcat+by+Eliot+Higgins+review+%E2%80%94+the+rise+of+the+%27intelligence+agency+for+the+people%27&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Rifkind&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fwe-are-bellingcat-by-eliot-higgins-review-the-rise-of-the-intelligence-agency-for-the-people-nq5ctgb0z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theweek.co.uk/952095/book-of-the-week-we-are-bellingcat-by-eliot-higgins">"Book of the week: We Are Bellingcat by Eliot Higgins"</a>. <i>The Week UK</i>. 26 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week+UK&rft.atitle=Book+of+the+week%3A+We+Are+Bellingcat+by+Eliot+Higgins&rft.date=2021-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theweek.co.uk%2F952095%2Fbook-of-the-week-we-are-bellingcat-by-eliot-higgins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Brien-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Brien_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Brien_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2013" class="citation news cs1">O'Brien, Paraic (30 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/news/brown-moses-blog-syria-arms-weapons-croatia">"Brown Moses: the British blogger tracking Syrian arms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brown+Moses%3A+the+British+blogger+tracking+Syrian+arms&rft.date=2013-03-30&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Paraic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fnews%2Fbrown-moses-blog-syria-arms-weapons-croatia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria_Craw2015" class="citation news cs1">Victoria Craw (29 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117140039/https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/security/bellingcat-citizen-journalist-eliot-higgins-is-holding-global-governments-to-account/news-story/196436ab0cba6b6eea0a76c5f16af0a1">"Bellingcat citizen journalist Eliot Higgins is holding global governments to account"</a>. news.com.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/technology/online/security/bellingcat-citizen-journalist-eliot-higgins-is-holding-global-governments-to-account/news-story/196436ab0cba6b6eea0a76c5f16af0a1">the original</a> on 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bellingcat+citizen+journalist+Eliot+Higgins+is+holding+global+governments+to+account&rft.date=2015-01-29&rft.au=Victoria+Craw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Ftechnology%2Fonline%2Fsecurity%2Fbellingcat-citizen-journalist-eliot-higgins-is-holding-global-governments-to-account%2Fnews-story%2F196436ab0cba6b6eea0a76c5f16af0a1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2013" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Eliot (16 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brown-moses.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-brown-moses-blog-fundraiser-launches.html">"The Brown Moses Blog Fundraiser Launches!"</a>. <i>Brown Moses Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brown+Moses+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Brown+Moses+Blog+Fundraiser+Launches%21&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrown-moses.blogspot.com%2F2013%2F04%2Fthe-brown-moses-blog-fundraiser-launches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hanns-joachim-friedrichs-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hanns-joachim-friedrichs_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hanns-joachim-friedrichs.de/index.php/pressemitteilung-2015.html">"2015 - Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Prize"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Joachim_Friedrichs_Award" title="Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Award">Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Award</a></i> (in German). 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>Special award to Eliot Higgins and the team of the research network Bellingcat. The jury awards the special prize to Eliot Higgins and his team for their unshakable confidence that in the fight for the truth they do not have to rely on covert or intelligence information, but rather convince the public with public, verifiable images and facts that are accessible to everyone. Their method of worldwide networking of publicly accessible sources and their competent and responsible evaluation is the best journalistic education on the battlefield of modern wars of propaganda and uncertainty. It is particularly effective where the climate of distrust and conspiracy has taken hold: on the Internet. The jury also recognizes the support that Higgins and his team give many journalists, including German, in their research. Eliot Higgins, born in 1979, is the founder and pioneer of the Bellingcat network platform. Blogger and citizen journalist. With his team and numerous researchers around the world, he evaluates hundreds of data and videos every day. His evaluations brought to light much that numerous newspapers and media, including in Germany, could rely on: For example, the use of cluster bombs and chemical weapons by the Syrian regime and the involvement of the Russian Buk missile system in the downing of the Air Malaysia MH17 commercial aircraft. The prize is endowed with € 2,500.00.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hanns+Joachim+Friedrichs+Award&rft.atitle=2015+-+Hanns+Joachim+Friedrichs+Prize&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hanns-joachim-friedrichs.de%2Findex.php%2Fpressemitteilung-2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Foreign Policy</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2019-global-thinkers/">global thinkers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/list/politico-28-class-of-2022-ranking/eliot-higgins/">"Eliot Higgins"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i>. 8 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Eliot+Higgins&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Flist%2Fpolitico-28-class-of-2022-ranking%2Feliot-higgins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsthanaFreedlandCassinKacoutié2019" class="citation web cs1">Asthana, Anushka; Freedland, Jonathan; Cassin, Elizabeth; Kacoutié, Axel; Maynard, Phil; Jackson, Nicole (13 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/audio/2019/mar/13/syria-skripal-mh17-how-bellingcat-broke-the-news">"Syria, Skripal and MH17: how Bellingcat broke the news – podcast"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Syria%2C+Skripal+and+MH17%3A+how+Bellingcat+broke+the+news+%E2%80%93+podcast&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft.aulast=Asthana&rft.aufirst=Anushka&rft.au=Freedland%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Cassin%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Kacouti%C3%A9%2C+Axel&rft.au=Maynard%2C+Phil&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Nicole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Faudio%2F2019%2Fmar%2F13%2Fsyria-skripal-mh17-how-bellingcat-broke-the-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2020" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Robbie (18 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/londoners-diary/100-club-bellingcat-heston-blumenthal-peter-mandelson-b369165.html">"Londoner's Diary: Bellingcat chief Elliot Higgins says 'our profile is the only thing that protects us'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Evening Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Londoner%27s+Diary%3A+Bellingcat+chief+Elliot+Higgins+says+%27our+profile+is+the+only+thing+that+protects+us%27&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Robbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flondoners-diary%2F100-club-bellingcat-heston-blumenthal-peter-mandelson-b369165.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Higgins&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eliot_Higgins" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Eliot Higgins">Eliot Higgins</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/EliotHiggins">Eliot Higgins (@EliotHiggins) / Twitter</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2014" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Eliot (15 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141022154652/http://brown-moses.blogspot.com/">"What is Bellingcat"</a>. <i>Brown Moses Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brown-moses.blogspot.com/">the original</a> on 22 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brown+Moses+Blog&rft.atitle=What+is+Bellingcat&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrown-moses.blogspot.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEliot+Higgins" class="Z3988"></span> Inactive since July 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bellingcat.com/">Bellingcat</a>, citizen investigative journalism website, founded by Higgins. <ul><li>Posts tagged <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bellingcat.com/tag/mh17/">MH17</a></li> <li>Posts tagged <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bellingcat.com/tag/august-21st/">August 21st</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News outlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AgoraVox" title="AgoraVox">AgoraVox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_Intelligence_Team" title="Conflict Intelligence Team">Conflict Intelligence Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Voices_(NGO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Voices (NGO)">Global Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inform_Napalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Inform Napalm">Inform Napalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_Eye" title="Mosul Eye">Mosul Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OhmyNews" title="OhmyNews">OhmyNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_Is_Being_Slaughtered_Silently" title="Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently">Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassd_News_Network" title="Rassd News Network">Rassd News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercurrents_(news)" title="Undercurrents (news)">Undercurrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn_Riot" title="Unicorn Riot">Unicorn Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_UpTake" title="The UpTake">The UpTake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blottr" title="Blottr">Blottr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrooWaha" title="BrooWaha">BrooWaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_invisible" title="Generación invisible">Generación invisible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroundReport" title="GroundReport">GroundReport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveLeak" title="LiveLeak">LiveLeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaYoMo" title="MaYoMo">MaYoMo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SchNEWS" title="SchNEWS">SchNEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivahiba" title="Vivahiba">Vivahiba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Citizen journalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadi_Al_Abdullah" title="Hadi Al Abdullah">Hadi Al Abdullah</a> (1987–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_al-Sayed" title="Basil al-Sayed">Basil al-Sayed</a> (1987–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiaf_Alwazir" title="Atiaf Alwazir">Atiaf Alwazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Abdul_Dayem" title="Danny Abdul Dayem">Danny Abdul Dayem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruqia_Hassan" title="Ruqia Hassan">Ruqia Hassan</a> (c. 1985–2015)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eliot Higgins</a> (1979–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usamah_Mohamad" title="Usamah Mohamad">Usamah Mohamad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a> (1978–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Edwin_Richards" title="James Edwin Richards">James Edwin Richards</a> (c. 1945–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Ho%C3%A1" title="Nguyễn Văn Hoá">Nguyễn Văn Hoá</a> (1995–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Wadsworth" title="Marc Wadsworth">Marc Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Shuguang" title="Zhou Shuguang">Zhou Shuguang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-dissident" title="Cyber-dissident">Cyber-dissident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_journalism" title="Open-source journalism">Open-source journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki journalism">Wiki journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000463613453">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7096151778232418130005">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1227423985">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2021030841">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Higgins, Eliot"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20211115051&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p413576639">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Higgins, Eliot, 1979-"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000323835&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810557110405606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/254069169">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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