CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e88487aa6cef69',cH: 'AJaOKHFlnE4oFkphxtzgKbc3Pyh27bFtVavgQKZaCWc-1741669535-1.2.1.1-HtZ5U6VPRzdOAvwohN4q9ubrkLgDgFoZZhE74A2WQ37kuW4IXzrzwCfgxp0w1w3N',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=hopping%20conduction%20mechanism&__cf_chl_tk=BklnVkehDoUR4fzd44qSd9VI0lvpZK_Gar0PfIJ.x_M-1741669535-1.0.1.1-_b1LUhdKU2jd_DILujIpzgipJb3Jwb_TbCIaCKZcA2E",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741669535',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=hopping%20conduction%20mechanism&__cf_chl_f_tk=BklnVkehDoUR4fzd44qSd9VI0lvpZK_Gar0PfIJ.x_M-1741669535-1.0.1.1-_b1LUhdKU2jd_DILujIpzgipJb3Jwb_TbCIaCKZcA2E",md: "yCnegQuJe7kTZ.dU3xWikD6I3JXIUyhPedPUrFqgcck-1741669535-1.2.1.1-_AK4rzFw7K5T_.yfhAAfgKxJE2vv4yiS7tQVRSFWbiKvq7N2cpZDVG3ET_jEIOPhQg8jV2qMVnFhKY0p8xsdJVWnnvsIhGxmvYD6BiRD4TvVwhtYeriYbYrUMIVhsmj986iLrfYwN5Fa70TOu3TtbvJ37B0USzt16uoXGsz6R9O0NoGk5Y5cdvCDZhvQti72bwTzTT5dEQ0UZRYeFrt34QoZYSSrwIb7U2NJmUlMLVsx75kFWJ.n921pi6sm6ndY7zGiczXU61NNCHIf2jEWK6R2A_FktASlRo2a_Dig4xhuyis6rvt3GkW0rYKvujYpsICqsimffMl_YXXFvYYiFVpSR06YzpBfOZSp_V7CIDb7R.TAXRJt0uqpsVBHnJcxeiILUdTkX1C40VBJt5zTcM2PBojhFrOqX2X1crj7JOMS1jePh..34K1Js69LqMTBajk8QwcVBx56BOx7SQT450wKojOwQz.AEfGUDD_GDj.kbbwTM4vap6pUs2kvnKPlYFvEX5uLkncYnmqTGGU1D3gYzB5R1e7BYFurzT7fkbIEQFTbxcOgManT1gm3FI_fKKxvIMqjPvRxkmQkOj1E4optd4BzJMT2qeGSsZ3wfTwfeyLFQdbbM0m4fCWmOhibTbnUjdn52nP4WYYXHrHHqP5wFjB2AyY_._EJJoLFEOv4a3.gBHjVCnTOPzS_OVtkqjnaZnItuJnYK8l9BNwx6FPKsc32eE.BbKIdiMKhVEhAdfYh3H5VLh8Lw2QmT.O_fxms_bJk8CQ60NuAlWChUbgvlq3f8CN7N3Fs6OtZNLcyk7moR7aabwoz4TM_Nwgoh6jYXxkznJlKWdUaODkGky_Zz3m4mYumfdZ014DIWZqD9ueDZIj5g7SjhS2Ln3PsBOIXP7goeuUKkfQhoJTreiAsO7irwQsblc5L1V6x8iWYzL3qeKq.bNV_XcZeQmnCO5onNYbihkvGH0iRjLejSjuZ3bJd.T.uHt0ANK6zWXC_4rtMb70LweKWeB06fylkRRLAFISrnAwc3dQ62qGD7Lbp9oYcHQ..P_F8z9Flbu7w5sXn1m7Yjc3JVnUJuCVwmF1qTpYsjpH5Od0rijC6fGfxHn1m__TMML_aPgiOtnygjQNich224fIyaYAQhnOHcywp3K9ttBM8d29V7StmBfydANqomcLIVhxcwYvpcq2_V4hpGZtmLuB.LCF4L4INFt7bYDMH0H.diRwfv8vWpKogD3csTTl5IJhbq7ZatUBmN1K5lRHRFIh5VXRQKe34.9If85qdOQ6G0QymqoxAqUlbz_owDgm5WJX107MulgsTBO.tAy5MyvQ2S_Y5D1ct",mdrd: "aJnYX3lbvC_B8kaUHxuT7hY5tUshjkK3rZXVbCHZaoU-1741669535-1.2.1.1-Rmu92U62qSHkIslYH3iaOeiUi2.DWUDr_EErqoozIu.FB1sPPwWhfBXn5JZAeeGPi0lfTI6hr8RmQHKwV82M7iMO8oAdgOxiFDXe60AAoitifll.sc_l8dZ7d4BRBE60ZrcljeHBLe0fLcOLt3UjSYWtv9DZDq7yytYoLdeT5FQqf21rMdIW.exa2.KLuoM2fCV_ZkV4av9.WT.GJSaVy8R7tAppPyek1mBtfB2EI0UKGYeVpOoc8pEjBqbkogbvl3EXqcoHcyf_IsAnXg7lCAyIMGXjpAaJj2pgnk7c_nDUYJOvW9.MTlILfpnPQiFO_Bezytcs9ZRL7XSFKMV603oT.laR5dBBYjC2elEPcVMovlijETU.uvgXQ9dQbGEU88BuDrA6XbobxHExR98NiNPJEJH4sq6R30n2986KR4D.nlVXwPRB.IS_M5pOtbDwoLk2OVf3BEcgGMdLYXnGBzN1voeLJwaqi72SifYiVZ.hGOjitiU7aHr4qndrV.vYaFeL.zeUvLNaRUBBCB_uKgg3YIHSHz90EDvGlkmq8RzGZVD_0EWwgf7jkx7WGzYHVY9E77kpJgQqFKXMajRlh6PU2vkf4ufeDsu2osxCKN7ldKacFubYWfKGAIDym5rtkQDbkb7FOYK7sMJfDVIxRt8XpFbrNg.Baw_QFRfJSrZhk5K_Qf8PoqXGuasx2k0paxXqK_taQrv3hTxIqn_XHOs9PeVTHsrf6uTkl.mrzBPfZmKczpZqDzqi9RhICnY9tc7QztWnMCppa9QiqEx7xzpeEzIQJCDgDOHT4L1dDzk0ewnxrwmPPvWXbZzmQC56oo0z2YZPb2K2N96x3Nv_OtxzEKRaDViefiI4M3bBWA2Ycw6AxHa5ts0Ye.d1IMOReLS9FAYLZ71OJceYJyVSfE4mvTcQ7.lpi8kaZNEplApHSuwo5y0oghVNC1dsJ6vi8h5lCheRIAHSuCcI3hKyc2ceha7RT0IPq7YFEAAc2p.I5Tn23MjzFNmZdO4eth8P26eq301ebqwns4mPQ.SaLqa83.LWAWxa4L1gEcIibEMROhuJD6zdgXayvid75iFYoH4QTvXDiHDp533qtbxOi91im_9tViXzGwuZz1dk3xkg_V7a24.Mekt8JPSL0RJsvvklP0emgRY2UXeNBgLLg4XIm0IyvHAz42EBW7NUZNfH4795Z5zPet4Esb4eqcn2XaQw9FW._HBw3sWEq5q7YoLujyI3Vm6TDm1e0cIsR44akeSvbjYLjkwTz3BQv5z97wyDvuVI4gVbBnvjIGt8xHgpR3cqXzLM8Au8M6ENsPWJsYsOvMu3Zrom6S3qtX2gtUWM7497ACBDRTK.U2a4rMND07dqMWsWPB5Ztw5Tg1ENSfC30Nc9iVHVGl5I2r1zxQUgo1YuJoQ434yJduX23JqvUSBKLLv1G9_c01EQp94UwzpPHKIaWpb9lMZCYHIw9qppOWHlK5dR9G969bIEDMFzeRtDOzJX_Vx7wINo6s7cNhL2uSJd2CAMwlWPujfRznTLJ98y85rcjVSoJuuksq21B7pUS2At.GW9XwQm3JWEeV3ClwEuaCGMuRh4k0gcD3yaXFcOu0pwgGj6lJPCYJYhiM3603A7UxwNdZXJDNmp.ijQd1e9jAO251JcSyskQ63sV5V3IgYaPCs7rzErmgJOybApwxM0KHpH44NnX0GQEBTqFUrF.1u5NVf6zJnYtsCCgnjdvKuGwMDfcuBJoGsCSdbFuW.cO3Mbunq0h1Ekk5Fi2.4OLiCJtnl.xvTDQtRUV0iVPJYRYcPuc5tK4FvmL0viy_pWKp.9Fef91LR0VjVebfInhZEQG2Nr7ZJISG27j1KLOP2ieyQa5cePs9ZxddTI05dxztqlVdnfjpcLdU8auBJTl.QbPqroUK9dyFO6334Rs25Ani56AHoMXuYTZQ3CukBw2loDfN9W0sy53vtLyhkZiLshlPm1dPMz3tAaNqOGKznVXSrf_WFrOQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e88487aa6cef69';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=hopping%20conduction%20mechanism&__cf_chl_rt_tk=BklnVkehDoUR4fzd44qSd9VI0lvpZK_Gar0PfIJ.x_M-1741669535-1.0.1.1-_b1LUhdKU2jd_DILujIpzgipJb3Jwb_TbCIaCKZcA2E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>