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class="pagination-ellipsis">…</span></li> </ul> </nav> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06675">arXiv:2502.06675</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.06675">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2502.06675">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Transient studies using a TCAD and Allpix Squared combination approach </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Viera%2C+M+A+D+R">Manuel A. Del Rio Viera</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Buschmann%2C+E">Eric Buschmann</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Chauhan%2C+A">Ankur Chauhan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dannheim%2C+D">Dominik Dannheim</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dort%2C+K">Katharina Dort</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Eckstein%2C+D">Doris Eckstein</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feindt%2C+F">Finn Feindt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gregor%2C+I">Ingrid-Maria Gregor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+Y">Yajun He</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Huth%2C+L">Lennart Huth</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mendes%2C+L">Larissa Mendes</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mulyanto%2C+B">Budi Mulyanto</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">Daniil Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Reckleben%2C+C">Christian Reckleben</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Daza%2C+S+R">Sara Ruiz Daza</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Schlaadt%2C+J">Judith Schlaadt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Sch%C3%BCtze%2C+P">Paul Sch眉tze</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Simancas%2C+A">Adriana Simancas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Snoeys%2C+W">Walter Snoeys</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">Simon Spannagel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Stanitzki%2C+M">Marcel Stanitzki</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Velyka%2C+A">Anastasiia Velyka</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">Gianpiero Vignola</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Wennl%C3%B6f%2C+H">H氓kan Wennl枚f</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.06675v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The goal of the TANGERINE project is to develop the next generation of monolithic silicon pixel detectors using a 65 nm CMOS imaging process, which offers a higher logic density and overall lower power consumption compared to previously used processes. A combination of Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations is used to understand the physical processes within the s… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.06675v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2502.06675v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.06675v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The goal of the TANGERINE project is to develop the next generation of monolithic silicon pixel detectors using a 65 nm CMOS imaging process, which offers a higher logic density and overall lower power consumption compared to previously used processes. A combination of Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations is used to understand the physical processes within the sensing element and thus the overall performance of the pixel detector. The response of the sensors can then be tested in laboratory and test beam facilities and compared to simulation results. Transient simulations allow for studying the response of the sensor as a function of time, such as the signal produced after a charged particle passes through the sensor. The study of these signals is important to understand the magnitude and timing of the response from the sensors and improve upon them. While TCAD simulations are accurate, the time required to produce a single pulse is large compared to a combination of MC and TCAD simulations. In this work, a validation of the transient simulation approach and studies on charge collection are presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.06675v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2502.06675v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 February, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2025. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">TIPP 2023 Proceedings</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06573">arXiv:2502.06573</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.06573">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2502.06573">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The H2M Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor -- characterizing non-uniform in-pixel response in a 65 nm CMOS imaging technology </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Daza%2C+S+R">Sara Ruiz Daza</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Ballabriga%2C+R">Rafael Ballabriga</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Buschmann%2C+E">Eric Buschmann</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Campbell%2C+M">Michael Campbell</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mohr%2C+R+C">Raimon Casanova Mohr</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dannheim%2C+D">Dominik Dannheim</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dilg%2C+J">Jona Dilg</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dorda%2C+A">Ana Dorda</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=King%2C+F">Finn King</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feyens%2C+O">Ono Feyens</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gadow%2C+P">Philipp Gadow</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gregor%2C+I">Ingrid-Maria Gregor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+Y">Yajun He</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Huth%2C+L">Lennart Huth</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Kremastiotis%2C+I">Iraklis Kremastiotis</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lemoine%2C+C">Corentin Lemoine</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Maffessanti%2C+S">Stefano Maffessanti</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mendes%2C+L">Larissa Mendes</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Otarid%2C+Y">Younes Otarid</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Reckleben%2C+C">Christian Reckleben</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rettie%2C+S">S茅bastien Rettie</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Viera%2C+M+A+d+R">Manuel Alejandro del Rio Viera</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Schlaadt%2C+J">Judith Schlaadt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Simancas%2C+A">Adriana Simancas</a> , et al. (6 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.06573v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The high energy physics community recently gained access to the TPSCo 65 nm ISC (Image Sensor CMOS), which enables a higher in-pixel logic density in monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) compared to processes with larger feature sizes. To explore this novel technology, the Hybrid-to-Monolithic (H2M) test chip has been designed and manufactured. The design followed a digital-on-top design workflo… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.06573v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2502.06573v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.06573v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The high energy physics community recently gained access to the TPSCo 65 nm ISC (Image Sensor CMOS), which enables a higher in-pixel logic density in monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) compared to processes with larger feature sizes. To explore this novel technology, the Hybrid-to-Monolithic (H2M) test chip has been designed and manufactured. The design followed a digital-on-top design workflow and ports a hybrid pixel-detector architecture, with digital pulse processing in each pixel, into a monolithic chip. The chip matrix consists of 64$\times$16 square pixels with a size of 35$\times$35 um2, and a total active area of approximately 1.25 um2. The chip has been successfully integrated into the Caribou DAQ system. It is fully functional, and the measured threshold dispersion and noise agree with the expectation from front-end simulations. However, a non-uniform in-pixel response related to the size and location of the n-wells in the analog circuitry has been observed in test beam measurements and will be discussed in this contribution. This asymmetry in the pixel response, enhanced by the 35 um pixel pitch - larger than in other prototypes - and certain features of the readout circuit, has not been observed in prototypes with smaller pixel pitches in this technology. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.06573v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2502.06573v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 February, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2025. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.20270">arXiv:2412.20270</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.20270">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2412.20270">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computers and Society">cs.CY</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Physics and Society">physics.soc-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> BikeNodePlanner: a data-driven decision support tool for bicycle node network planning </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vybornova%2C+A">Anastassia Vybornova</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vier%C3%B8%2C+A+R">Ane Rahbek Vier酶</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K+K">Kirsten Krogh Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Szell%2C+M">Michael Szell</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.20270v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A bicycle node network is a wayfinding system targeted at recreational cyclists, consisting of numbered signposts placed alongside already existing infrastructure. Bicycle node networks are becoming increasingly popular as they encourage sustainable tourism and rural cycling, while also being flexible and cost-effective to implement. However, the lack of a formalized methodology and data-driven to… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.20270v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2412.20270v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.20270v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A bicycle node network is a wayfinding system targeted at recreational cyclists, consisting of numbered signposts placed alongside already existing infrastructure. Bicycle node networks are becoming increasingly popular as they encourage sustainable tourism and rural cycling, while also being flexible and cost-effective to implement. However, the lack of a formalized methodology and data-driven tools for the planning of such networks is a hindrance to their adaptation on a larger scale. To address this need, we present the BikeNodePlanner: a fully open-source decision support tool, consisting of modular Python scripts to be run in the free and open-source geographic information system QGIS. The BikeNodePlanner allows the user to evaluate and compare bicycle node network plans through a wide range of metrics, such as land use, proximity to points of interest, and elevation across the network. The BikeNodePlanner provides data-driven decision support for bicycle node network planning, and can hence be of great use for regional planning, cycling tourism, and the promotion of rural cycling. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.20270v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2412.20270v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 December, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">8 pages, 3 figures; SI: 7 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06687">arXiv:2412.06687</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.06687">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2412.06687">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Test Beam Characterization of a Digital Silicon Photomultiplier </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=King%2C+F">Finn King</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Diehl%2C+I">Inge Diehl</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feyens%2C+O">Ono Feyens</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gregor%2C+I">Ingrid-Maria Gregor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lachnit%2C+S">Stephan Lachnit</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Poblotzki%2C+F">Frauke Poblotzki</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">Daniil Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">Simon Spannagel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vanat%2C+T">Tomas Vanat</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">Gianpiero Vignola</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.06687v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Conventional silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are well established as light detectors with single-photon-detection capability and used throughout high energy physics, medical, and commercial applications. The possibility to produce single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in commercial CMOS processes creates the opportunity to combine a matrix of SPADs and an application-specific integrated circuit… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.06687v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2412.06687v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.06687v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Conventional silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are well established as light detectors with single-photon-detection capability and used throughout high energy physics, medical, and commercial applications. The possibility to produce single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in commercial CMOS processes creates the opportunity to combine a matrix of SPADs and an application-specific integrated circuit in the same die. The potential of such digital SiPMs (dSiPMs) is still being explored, while it already is an established technology in certain applications, like light detection and ranging (LiDAR). A prototype dSiPM, produced in the LFoundry 150-nm CMOS technology, was designed and tested at DESY. The dSiPM central part is a matrix of 32 by 32 pixels. Each pixel contains four SPADs, a digital front-end, and has an area of 69.6 $\times$ 76 um$^2$. The chip has four time-to-digital converters and includes further circuitry for data serialization and data links. This work focuses on the characterization of the prototype in an electron beam at the DESY II Test Beam facility, to study its capability as a tracking and timing detector for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). The MIP detection efficiency is found to be dominated by the fill factor and on the order of 31 %. The position of the impinging MIPs can be measured with a precision of about 20 um, and the time of the interaction can be measured with a precision better than 50 ps for about 85 % of the detected events. In addition, laboratory studies on the breakdown voltage, dark count rate, and crosstalk probability, as well as the experimental methods required for the characterization of such a sensor type in a particle beam are presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.06687v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2412.06687v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 9 December, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">32 pages, 18 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05151">arXiv:2412.05151</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.05151">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2412.05151">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Analysis of long-lived effects in high-repetition-rate stroboscopic transient X-ray absorption experiments on thin films </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lojewski%2C+T">Tobias Lojewski</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Guyader%2C+L+L">Lo茂c Le Guyader</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Agarwal%2C+N">Naman Agarwal</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Boeglin%2C+C">Christine Boeglin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Carley%2C+R">Robert Carley</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Castoldi%2C+A">Andrea Castoldi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Deiter%2C+C">Carsten Deiter</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Engel%2C+R+Y">Robin Y. Engel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Erdinger%2C+F">Florian Erdinger</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fangohr%2C+H">Hans Fangohr</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fiorini%2C+C">Carlo Fiorini</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gerasimova%2C+N">Natalia Gerasimova</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gort%2C+R">Rafael Gort</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=de+Groot%2C+F">Frank de Groot</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hauf%2C+S">Steffen Hauf</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hickin%2C+D">David Hickin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Izquierdo%2C+M">Manuel Izquierdo</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%A4mmerer%2C+L">Lea K盲mmerer</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Van+Kuiken%2C+B+E">Benjamin E. Van Kuiken</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lomidze%2C+D">David Lomidze</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Maffessanti%2C+S">Stefano Maffessanti</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mercadier%2C+L">Laurent Mercadier</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mercurio%2C+G">Giuseppe Mercurio</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Miedema%2C+P+S">Piter S. Miedema</a> , et al. (19 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.05151v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) has been shown to be a versatile measurement technique for investigating non-equilibrium dynamics. Novel X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities like the European XFEL offer increased repetition rates for stroboscopic XAS experiments through a burst operation mode, which enables measurements with up to 4.5 MHz. These higher repetition rates… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.05151v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2412.05151v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.05151v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) has been shown to be a versatile measurement technique for investigating non-equilibrium dynamics. Novel X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities like the European XFEL offer increased repetition rates for stroboscopic XAS experiments through a burst operation mode, which enables measurements with up to 4.5 MHz. These higher repetition rates lead to higher data acquisition rates but can also introduce long-lived excitations that persist and thus build up during each burst. Here, we report on such long-lived effects in Ni and NiO thin film samples that were measured at the European XFEL. We disentangle the long-lived excitations from the initial pump-induced change and perform a detailed modelling-based analysis of how they modify transient X-ray spectra. As a result, we link the long-lived effects in Ni to a local temperature increase, as well as the effects in NiO to excited charge carrier trapping through polaron formation. In addition, we present possible correction methods, as well as discuss ways in which the effects of these long-lived excitations could be minimized for future time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.05151v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2412.05151v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 December, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15307">arXiv:2411.15307</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.15307">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2411.15307">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics">astro-ph.CO</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A $5.7蟽$ detection confirming the existence of a possibly dark matter related CMB foreground in nearby cosmic filaments </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+F+K">Frode K. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lambas%2C+D+G">Diego Garcia Lambas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Luparello%2C+H+E">Heliana E. Luparello</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Toscano%2C+F">Facundo Toscano</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Pereyra%2C+L+A">Luis A. Pereyra</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.15307v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We confirm at the $5.7蟽$ level previous studies reporting Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperatures being significantly lower around nearby spiral galaxies than expected in the $螞$CDM model. The significance reported in our earlier work was disputed by Addison 2024, who reported lower signficances when including pixels at distances far beyond the galactic halos while disregarding pixels close… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.15307v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2411.15307v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.15307v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We confirm at the $5.7蟽$ level previous studies reporting Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperatures being significantly lower around nearby spiral galaxies than expected in the $螞$CDM model. The significance reported in our earlier work was disputed by Addison 2024, who reported lower signficances when including pixels at distances far beyond the galactic halos while disregarding pixels close to the galaxies where the main signal is seen. Here we limit the study to pixels well within the galactic halos, focus on galaxies in dense cosmic filaments and improve on signal-to-noise compared to previous studies. The average CMB temperature in discs around these galaxies is always much lower in Planck data than in any of the 10.000 Planck-like CMB simulations. Even when correcting for the look-elsewhere-effect, the detection is still at the $3-4蟽$ level. We further show that the largest scales ($\ell<16$) of the Planck CMB fluctuations are more correlated with the distribution of nearby galaxies than $99.99\%$ of simulated CMB maps. We argue that the existence of a new CMB foreground cannot be ignored and a physical interaction mechanism, possibly involving dark matter, as well as linked to intergalactic magnetic fields, should be sought. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.15307v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2411.15307v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 November, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Submitted to A&A</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.08788">arXiv:2411.08788</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.08788">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2411.08788">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Recovering head and flux distributions at the sediment-water interface for arbitrary, transient bedforms by inversion of photographic time series </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Teitelbaum%2C+Y">Yoni Teitelbaum</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Arnon%2C+S">Shai Arnon</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Packman%2C+A">Aaron Packman</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+S+K">Scott K. Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.08788v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Existing works that predict bedform-induced hyporheic exchange flux (HEF) typically either assume a simplified streambed shape and corresponding sinusoidal head distribution or rely on costly computational fluid dynamics simulations. Experimental data have been lacking for the formulation of a priori prediction rules for hydraulic head and flux distributions induced by spatiotemporally heterogeneo… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.08788v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2411.08788v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.08788v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Existing works that predict bedform-induced hyporheic exchange flux (HEF) typically either assume a simplified streambed shape and corresponding sinusoidal head distribution or rely on costly computational fluid dynamics simulations. Experimental data have been lacking for the formulation of a priori prediction rules for hydraulic head and flux distributions induced by spatiotemporally heterogeneous natural bedforms because it has not previously been feasible to determine these in the laboratory. We address this problem, presenting a noninvasive technique for regularized inversion of photographic time series of dye front propagation in the hyporheic zone, compatible with arbitrarily-shaped, generally transient bedforms. We employ the technique to analyze three bench-scale flume experiments performed under different flow regimes, presenting a new data set of digitized bed profiles, corresponding head distributions, and dye fronts. To our knowledge, this is the first such data set collated for naturally-formed sand bedforms. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.08788v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2411.08788v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 November, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.24026">arXiv:2410.24026</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.24026">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2410.24026">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics">astro-ph.CO</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Are CMB derived cosmological parameters affected by foregrounds associated to nearby galaxies? </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Toscano%2C+F">Facundo Toscano</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+F+K">Frode K. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lambas%2C+D+G">Diego Garcia Lambas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Luparello%2C+H">Heliana Luparello</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fosalba%2C+P">Pablo Fosalba</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gazta%C3%B1aga%2C+E">Enrique Gazta帽aga</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.24026v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We perform cosmological parameters estimation on Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps masking the recently discovered foreground related to nearby spiral galaxies. In addition, we also analyse the association between these foreground regions and recent claims of cosmological causal horizons in localized CMB parameter estimates. Our analysis shows consistent cosmological parameter values r… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.24026v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2410.24026v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.24026v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We perform cosmological parameters estimation on Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps masking the recently discovered foreground related to nearby spiral galaxies. In addition, we also analyse the association between these foreground regions and recent claims of cosmological causal horizons in localized CMB parameter estimates. Our analysis shows consistent cosmological parameter values regardless of the masking approach, though reduced sky areas introduce larger uncertainties. By modelling the new extragalactic foreground, we identify a resemblance with local parameter variation maps with a statistical significance at the 3 sigma level, suggesting that a simplified foreground model partially accounts, (40-50)% correlation with 15% uncertainty, for the observed causal horizons. These findings add new evidence to the existence of the new foreground associated with large spiral galaxies and show that estimates of cosmological parameters on smaller patches on the sky can be largely affected by these foregrounds, but that the parameters taken over the full sky are unaltered. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.24026v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2410.24026v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 31 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">13 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Physical Review D</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.22839">arXiv:2410.22839</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.22839">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2410.22839">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computation and Language">cs.CL</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Danoliteracy of Generative, Large Language Models </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Holm%2C+S+V">S酶ren Vejlgaard Holm</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Nielsen%2C+M+C">Martin Carsten Nielsen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.22839v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The language technology moonshot moment of Generative, Large Language Models (GLLMs) was not limited to English: These models brought a surge of technological applications, investments and hype to low-resource languages as well. However, the capabilities of these models in languages such as Danish were until recently difficult to verify beyond qualitative demonstrations due to a lack of applicable… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.22839v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2410.22839v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.22839v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The language technology moonshot moment of Generative, Large Language Models (GLLMs) was not limited to English: These models brought a surge of technological applications, investments and hype to low-resource languages as well. However, the capabilities of these models in languages such as Danish were until recently difficult to verify beyond qualitative demonstrations due to a lack of applicable evaluation corpora. We present a GLLM benchmark to evaluate Danoliteracy, a measure of Danish language and cultural competency, across eight diverse scenarios such Danish citizenship tests and abstractive social media question answering. This limited-size benchmark is found to produce a robust ranking that correlates to human feedback at $蟻\sim 0.8$ with GPT-4 and Claude Opus models achieving the highest rankings. Analyzing these model results across scenarios, we find one strong underlying factor explaining $95\%$ of scenario performance variance for GLLMs in Danish, suggesting a $g$ factor of model consistency in language adaption. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.22839v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2410.22839v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">16 pages, 13 figures, submitted to: NoDaLiDa/Baltic-HLT 2025</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">ACM Class:</span> I.2.7 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.02387">arXiv:2410.02387</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.02387">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2410.02387">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> BiSSL: A Bilevel Optimization Framework for Enhancing the Alignment Between Self-Supervised Pre-Training and Downstream Fine-Tuning </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zakarias%2C+G+W">Gustav Wagner Zakarias</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Tan%2C+Z">Zheng-Hua Tan</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.02387v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This study presents BiSSL, a novel training framework that utilizes bilevel optimization to enhance the alignment between the pretext pre-training and downstream fine-tuning stages in self-supervised learning. BiSSL formulates the pretext and downstream task objectives as the lower- and upper-level objectives in a bilevel optimization problem and serves as an intermediate training stage within the… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.02387v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2410.02387v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.02387v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This study presents BiSSL, a novel training framework that utilizes bilevel optimization to enhance the alignment between the pretext pre-training and downstream fine-tuning stages in self-supervised learning. BiSSL formulates the pretext and downstream task objectives as the lower- and upper-level objectives in a bilevel optimization problem and serves as an intermediate training stage within the self-supervised learning pipeline. By explicitly modeling the interdependence of these training stages, BiSSL facilitates enhanced information sharing between them, ultimately leading to a backbone parameter initialization that is better aligned for the downstream task. We propose a versatile training algorithm that alternates between optimizing the two objectives defined in BiSSL, which is applicable to a broad range of pretext and downstream tasks. Using SimCLR and Bootstrap Your Own Latent to pre-train ResNet-50 backbones on the ImageNet dataset, we demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly outperforms the conventional self-supervised learning pipeline on the vast majority of 12 downstream image classification datasets, as well as on object detection. Visualizations of the backbone features provide further evidence that BiSSL improves the downstream task alignment of the backbone features prior to fine-tuning. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.02387v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2410.02387v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 31 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 3 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18717">arXiv:2409.18717</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.18717">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.18717">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Science and Game Theory">cs.GT</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Risk Management">q-fin.RM</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Improved Hardness Results for the Clearing Problem in Financial Networks with Credit Default Swaps </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dohn%2C+S">Simon Dohn</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K+A">Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Klinkby%2C+A">Asger Klinkby</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.18717v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We study computational problems in financial networks of banks connected by debt contracts and credit default swaps (CDSs). A main problem is to determine \emph{clearing} payments, for instance right after some banks have been exposed to a financial shock. Previous works have shown the $\varepsilon$-approximate version of the problem to be $\mathrm{PPAD}$-complete and the exact problem… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.18717v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.18717v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.18717v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We study computational problems in financial networks of banks connected by debt contracts and credit default swaps (CDSs). A main problem is to determine \emph{clearing} payments, for instance right after some banks have been exposed to a financial shock. Previous works have shown the $\varepsilon$-approximate version of the problem to be $\mathrm{PPAD}$-complete and the exact problem $\mathrm{FIXP}$-complete. We show that $\mathrm{PPAD}$-hardness hold when $\varepsilon \approx 0.101$, improving the previously best bound significantly. Due to the fact that the clearing problem typically does not have a unique solution, or that it may not have a solution at all in the presence of default costs, several natural decision problems are also of great interest. We show two such problems to be $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete, complementing previous $\mathrm{NP}$-hardness results for the approximate setting. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.18717v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.18717v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16302">arXiv:2409.16302</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.16302">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.16302">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Audio and Speech Processing">eess.AS</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computation and Language">cs.CL</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Sound">cs.SD</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> How Redundant Is the Transformer Stack in Speech Representation Models? </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dorszewski%2C+T">Teresa Dorszewski</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Jacobsen%2C+A+K">Albert Kj酶ller Jacobsen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=T%C4%9Btkov%C3%A1%2C+L">Lenka T臎tkov谩</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16302v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Self-supervised speech representation models, particularly those leveraging transformer architectures, have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks such as speech recognition, speaker identification, and emotion detection. Recent studies on transformer models revealed a high redundancy between layers and the potential for significant pruning, which we will investigate here for tra… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16302v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.16302v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16302v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Self-supervised speech representation models, particularly those leveraging transformer architectures, have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks such as speech recognition, speaker identification, and emotion detection. Recent studies on transformer models revealed a high redundancy between layers and the potential for significant pruning, which we will investigate here for transformer-based speech representation models. We perform a detailed analysis of layer similarity in speech representation models using three similarity metrics: cosine similarity, centered kernel alignment, and mutual nearest-neighbor alignment. Our findings reveal a block-like structure of high similarity, suggesting two main processing steps and significant redundancy of layers. We demonstrate the effectiveness of pruning transformer-based speech representation models without the need for post-training, achieving up to 40% reduction in transformer layers while maintaining over 95% of the model's predictive capacity. Furthermore, we employ a knowledge distillation method to substitute the entire transformer stack with mimicking layers, reducing the network size 95-98% and the inference time by up to 94%. This substantial decrease in computational load occurs without considerable performance loss, suggesting that the transformer stack is almost completely redundant for downstream applications of speech representation models. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16302v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.16302v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 10 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">To appear at ICASSP 2025 (excluding appendix)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06362">arXiv:2409.06362</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.06362">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.06362">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Connecting Concept Convexity and Human-Machine Alignment in Deep Neural Networks </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dorszewski%2C+T">Teresa Dorszewski</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=T%C4%9Btkov%C3%A1%2C+L">Lenka T臎tkov谩</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Linhardt%2C+L">Lorenz Linhardt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.06362v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Understanding how neural networks align with human cognitive processes is a crucial step toward developing more interpretable and reliable AI systems. Motivated by theories of human cognition, this study examines the relationship between \emph{convexity} in neural network representations and \emph{human-machine alignment} based on behavioral data. We identify a correlation between these two dimens… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.06362v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.06362v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.06362v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Understanding how neural networks align with human cognitive processes is a crucial step toward developing more interpretable and reliable AI systems. Motivated by theories of human cognition, this study examines the relationship between \emph{convexity} in neural network representations and \emph{human-machine alignment} based on behavioral data. We identify a correlation between these two dimensions in pretrained and fine-tuned vision transformer models. Our findings suggest that the convex regions formed in latent spaces of neural networks to some extent align with human-defined categories and reflect the similarity relations humans use in cognitive tasks. While optimizing for alignment generally enhances convexity, increasing convexity through fine-tuning yields inconsistent effects on alignment, which suggests a complex relationship between the two. This study presents a first step toward understanding the relationship between the convexity of latent representations and human-machine alignment. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.06362v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.06362v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">First two authors contributed equally</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.04788">arXiv:2409.04788</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.04788">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.04788">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> 4D-Tracking with Digital SiPMs </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Diehl%2C+I">Inge Diehl</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feindt%2C+F">Finn Feindt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gregor%2C+I">Ingrid-Maria Gregor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lachnit%2C+S">Stephan Lachnit</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">Daniil Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">Simon Spannagel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vanat%2C+T">Tomas Vanat</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">Gianpiero Vignola</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.04788v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are the state-of-the-art technology in single-photon detection with solid-state detectors. Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), the key element of SiPMs, can now be manufactured in CMOS processes, facilitating the integration of a SPAD array into custom monolithic ASICs. This allows implementing features such as signal digitization, masking, full hit-map readout… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.04788v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.04788v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.04788v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are the state-of-the-art technology in single-photon detection with solid-state detectors. Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), the key element of SiPMs, can now be manufactured in CMOS processes, facilitating the integration of a SPAD array into custom monolithic ASICs. This allows implementing features such as signal digitization, masking, full hit-map readout, noise suppression, and photon counting in a monolithic CMOS chip. The complexity of the off-chip readout chain is thereby reduced. These new features allow new applications for digital SiPMs, such as 4D-tracking of charged particles, where spatial resolutions of the order of $10 渭m$ and timestamping with time resolutions of a few tens of ps are required. A prototype of a digital SiPM was designed at DESY using the LFoundry $150 nm$ CMOS technology. Various studies were carried out in the laboratory and at the DESY II test-beam facility to evaluate the sensor performance in Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs) detection. The direct detection of charged particles was investigated for bare prototypes and assemblies coupling dSiPMs and thin LYSO crystals. Spatial resolution $\sim20 渭m$ and a full-system time resolution of $\sim50 ps$ are measured using bare dSiPMs in direct MIP detection. Efficiency $>99.5 \%$, low noise rate and time resolution $<1 ns$ can be reached with the thin radiator coupling. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.04788v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.04788v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 7 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 6 figures, Conference proceedings</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.11858">arXiv:2408.11858</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.11858">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2408.11858">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computation and Language">cs.CL</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Sound">cs.SD</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Audio and Speech Processing">eess.AS</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/MLSP58920.2024.10734716">10.1109/MLSP58920.2024.10734716 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Convexity-based Pruning of Speech Representation Models </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dorszewski%2C+T">Teresa Dorszewski</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=T%C4%9Btkov%C3%A1%2C+L">Lenka T臎tkov谩</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2408.11858v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Speech representation models based on the transformer architecture and trained by self-supervised learning have shown great promise for solving tasks such as speech and speaker recognition, keyword spotting, emotion detection, and more. Typically, it is found that larger models lead to better performance. However, the significant computational effort involved in such large transformer systems is a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2408.11858v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2408.11858v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2408.11858v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Speech representation models based on the transformer architecture and trained by self-supervised learning have shown great promise for solving tasks such as speech and speaker recognition, keyword spotting, emotion detection, and more. Typically, it is found that larger models lead to better performance. However, the significant computational effort involved in such large transformer systems is a challenge for embedded and real-world applications. Recent work has shown that there is significant redundancy in the transformer models for NLP and massive layer pruning is feasible (Sajjad et al., 2023). Here, we investigate layer pruning in audio models. We base the pruning decision on a convexity criterion. Convexity of classification regions has recently been proposed as an indicator of subsequent fine-tuning performance in a range of application domains, including NLP and audio. In empirical investigations, we find a massive reduction in the computational effort with no loss of performance or even improvements in certain cases. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2408.11858v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2408.11858v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 16 August, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> 2024 IEEE 34th International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP), London, United Kingdom, 2024, pp. 1-6, </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.08065">arXiv:2408.08065</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.08065">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2408.08065">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Signal Processing">eess.SP</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> SPEED: Scalable Preprocessing of EEG Data for Self-Supervised Learning </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gj%C3%B8lbye%2C+A">Anders Gj酶lbye</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Skerath%2C+L">Lina Skerath</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lehn-Schi%C3%B8ler%2C+W">William Lehn-Schi酶ler</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Langer%2C+N">Nicolas Langer</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2408.08065v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Electroencephalography (EEG) research typically focuses on tasks with narrowly defined objectives, but recent studies are expanding into the use of unlabeled data within larger models, aiming for a broader range of applications. This addresses a critical challenge in EEG research. For example, Kostas et al. (2021) show that self-supervised learning (SSL) outperforms traditional supervised methods.… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2408.08065v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2408.08065v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2408.08065v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Electroencephalography (EEG) research typically focuses on tasks with narrowly defined objectives, but recent studies are expanding into the use of unlabeled data within larger models, aiming for a broader range of applications. This addresses a critical challenge in EEG research. For example, Kostas et al. (2021) show that self-supervised learning (SSL) outperforms traditional supervised methods. Given the high noise levels in EEG data, we argue that further improvements are possible with additional preprocessing. Current preprocessing methods often fail to efficiently manage the large data volumes required for SSL, due to their lack of optimization, reliance on subjective manual corrections, and validation processes or inflexible protocols that limit SSL. We propose a Python-based EEG preprocessing pipeline optimized for self-supervised learning, designed to efficiently process large-scale data. This optimization not only stabilizes self-supervised training but also enhances performance on downstream tasks compared to training with raw data. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2408.08065v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2408.08065v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 15 August, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">To appear in proceedings of 2024 IEEE International workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.18050">arXiv:2407.18050</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.18050">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2407.18050">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mathematical Physics">math-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Geophysics">physics.geo-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Travel time and energy dissipation minima in heterogeneous subsurface flows </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+S+K">Scott K. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=O%27Malley%2C+D">Daniel O'Malley</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.18050v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We establish a number of results concerning conditions for minimum energy dissipation and advective travel time in porous and fractured media. First, we establish a pair of converse results concerning fluid motion along a streamline between two points of fixed head: the minimal advective time is achieved under conditions of constant energy dissipation, and minimal energy dissipation is achieved un… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.18050v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2407.18050v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.18050v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We establish a number of results concerning conditions for minimum energy dissipation and advective travel time in porous and fractured media. First, we establish a pair of converse results concerning fluid motion along a streamline between two points of fixed head: the minimal advective time is achieved under conditions of constant energy dissipation, and minimal energy dissipation is achieved under conditions of constant velocity along the streamline (implying homogeneous conductivity in the vicinity of the streamline). We also show directly by means of variational methods that minimum advection time along a streamline with a given average conductivity is achieved when the conductivity is constant. Finally, we turn our attention to minimum advection time and energy dissipation in parallel and sequential fracture systems governed by the cubic law: for which fracture cross-section and conductivity are intimately linked. We show that, as in porous domains, flow partitioning between different pathways always acts to minimize system energy dissipation. Finally, we consider minimum advection time as a function of aperture distribution in a sequence of fracture segments. We show that, for a fixed average aperture, a uniform-aperture system displays the shortest advection time. However, we also show that any sufficiently small small perturbations in aperture away from uniformity always act to reduce advection time. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.18050v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2407.18050v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 July, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17351">arXiv:2407.17351</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.17351">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2407.17351">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Statistical Mechanics">cond-mat.stat-mech</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Geophysics">physics.geo-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Upscaling transport in heterogeneous media featuring local-scale dispersion: flow channeling, macro-retardation and parameter prediction </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zhou%2C+L">Lian Zhou</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+S+K">Scott K. Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.17351v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Many theoretical treatments of transport in heterogeneous Darcy flows consider advection only. When local-scale dispersion is neglected, flux-weighting persists over time; mean Lagrangian and Eulerian flow velocity distributions relate simply to each other and to the variance of the underlying hydraulic conductivity field. Local-scale dispersion complicates this relationship, potentially causing i… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.17351v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2407.17351v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.17351v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Many theoretical treatments of transport in heterogeneous Darcy flows consider advection only. When local-scale dispersion is neglected, flux-weighting persists over time; mean Lagrangian and Eulerian flow velocity distributions relate simply to each other and to the variance of the underlying hydraulic conductivity field. Local-scale dispersion complicates this relationship, potentially causing initially flux-weighted solute to experience lower-velocity regions as well as Taylor-type macrodispersion due to transverse solute movement between adjacent streamlines. To investigate the interplay of local-scale dispersion with conductivity log-variance, correlation length, and anisotropy, we perform a Monte Carlo study of flow and advective-dispersive transport in spatially-periodic 2D Darcy flows in large-scale, high-resolution multivariate Gaussian random conductivity fields. We observe flow channeling at all heterogeneity levels and quantify its extent. We find evidence for substantial effective retardation in the upscaled system, associated with increased flow channeling, and observe limited Taylor-type macrodispersion, which we physically explain. A quasi-constant Lagrangian velocity is achieved within a short distance of release, allowing usage of a simplified continuous-time random walk (CTRW) model we previously proposed in which the transition time distribution is understood as a temporal mapping of unit time in an equivalent system with no flow heterogeneity. The numerical data set is modeled with such a CTRW; we show how dimensionless parameters defining the CTRW transition time distribution are predicted by dimensionless heterogeneity statistics and provide empirical equations for this purpose. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.17351v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2407.17351v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 July, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.15015">arXiv:2407.15015</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.15015">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2407.15015">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> PyDDC: An Eulerian-Lagrangian simulator for density driven convection of $\mathrm{CO_2}$--brine systems in saturated porous media </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Sen%2C+S">Sayan Sen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+S+K">Scott K. Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.15015v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> PyDDC is a particle tracking reservoir simulator capable of solving non-linear density driven convection of single phase carbon-dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$)--brine fluid mixture in saturated porous media at the continuum scale. In contrast to the sate-of-the-art Eulerian models, PyDDC uses a Lagrangian approach to simulate the Fickian transport of single phase solute mixtures. This introduces additio… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.15015v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2407.15015v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.15015v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> PyDDC is a particle tracking reservoir simulator capable of solving non-linear density driven convection of single phase carbon-dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$)--brine fluid mixture in saturated porous media at the continuum scale. In contrast to the sate-of-the-art Eulerian models, PyDDC uses a Lagrangian approach to simulate the Fickian transport of single phase solute mixtures. This introduces additional flexibility of incorporating anisotropic dispersion and benefits from having no numerical artifacts in its implementation. It also includes $\mathrm{CO_2}$--brine phase equilibrium models, developed by other researchers, to study the overall dynamics in the presence of electrolyte brine at different pressure and temperatures above the critical point of $\mathrm{CO_2}$. We demonstrate the implementation procedure in depth, outlining the overall structure of the numerical solver and its different attributes that can be used for solving specific tasks. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.15015v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2407.15015v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 July, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09758">arXiv:2407.09758</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.09758">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2407.09758">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2407.09758">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic and Molecular Clusters">physics.atm-clus</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Cooling of gold cluster anions, Au$_N^-$, $N=2-13,15$, in a cryogenic ion-beam storage ring </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Klavs Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Weihao%2C+T">Tian Weihao</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+E+K">Emma K. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bj%C3%B6rkhage%2C+M">Mikael Bj枚rkhage</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Cederquist%2C+H">Henrik Cederquist</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=MingChao%2C+J">Ji MingChao</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Ros%C3%A9n%2C+S">Stefan Ros茅n</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Schmidt-May%2C+A">Alice Schmidt-May</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Stockett%2C+M+H">Mark H. Stockett</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zettergren%2C+H">Henning Zettergren</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zhaunerchyk%2C+V">Vitali Zhaunerchyk</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Schmidt%2C+H+T">Henning T. Schmidt</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.09758v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We have measured the spontaneous and photo-induced decays of anionic gold clusters, Au$_N^-$, with sizes ranging from $N = 2$ to 13, and 15. After production in a sputter ion source, the size-selected clusters were stored in the cryogenic electrostatic ion-beam storage ring DESIREE and their neutralization decays were measured for storage times between 0.1 and 100 s. The dimer was observed to deca… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.09758v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2407.09758v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.09758v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We have measured the spontaneous and photo-induced decays of anionic gold clusters, Au$_N^-$, with sizes ranging from $N = 2$ to 13, and 15. After production in a sputter ion source, the size-selected clusters were stored in the cryogenic electrostatic ion-beam storage ring DESIREE and their neutralization decays were measured for storage times between 0.1 and 100 s. The dimer was observed to decay by electron emission in parallel to neutral atom emission at long times, analogously to the behavior of copper and silver dimers, implying a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Radiative cooling is observed for all cluster sizes except for the dimer. The decay rates of clusters $N=3,6,8-13,15$ show only a single radiative cooling time. For $N=6-13$ the cooling times have a strong odd-even oscillation with an amplitude that decrease with cluster size, and with the even $N$ having the fast cooling. We compare our results with previous measurements of radiative cooling rates of the corresponding cationic gold clusters, Au$_N^+$, which also show an odd-even effect with a similar oscillation amplitude but at orders of magnitude shorter time scales, and out of phase with the anions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.09758v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2407.09758v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 November, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 12 July, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 12 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.09981">arXiv:2406.09981</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.09981">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2406.09981">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition">cs.CV</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Challenges in explaining deep learning models for data with biological variation </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=T%C4%9Btkov%C3%A1%2C+L">Lenka T臎tkov谩</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dreier%2C+E+S">Erik Schou Dreier</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Malm%2C+R">Robin Malm</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.09981v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Much machine learning research progress is based on developing models and evaluating them on a benchmark dataset (e.g., ImageNet for images). However, applying such benchmark-successful methods to real-world data often does not work as expected. This is particularly the case for biological data where we expect variability at multiple time and spatial scales. In this work, we are using grain data a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.09981v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2406.09981v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.09981v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Much machine learning research progress is based on developing models and evaluating them on a benchmark dataset (e.g., ImageNet for images). However, applying such benchmark-successful methods to real-world data often does not work as expected. This is particularly the case for biological data where we expect variability at multiple time and spatial scales. In this work, we are using grain data and the goal is to detect diseases and damages. Pink fusarium, skinned grains, and other diseases and damages are key factors in setting the price of grains or excluding dangerous grains from food production. Apart from challenges stemming from differences of the data from the standard toy datasets, we also present challenges that need to be overcome when explaining deep learning models. For example, explainability methods have many hyperparameters that can give different results, and the ones published in the papers do not work on dissimilar images. Other challenges are more general: problems with visualization of the explanations and their comparison since the magnitudes of their values differ from method to method. An open fundamental question also is: How to evaluate explanations? It is a non-trivial task because the "ground truth" is usually missing or ill-defined. Also, human annotators may create what they think is an explanation of the task at hand, yet the machine learning model might solve it in a different and perhaps counter-intuitive way. We discuss several of these challenges and evaluate various post-hoc explainability methods on grain data. We focus on robustness, quality of explanations, and similarity to particular "ground truth" annotations made by experts. The goal is to find the methods that overall perform well and could be used in this challenging task. We hope the proposed pipeline will be used as a framework for evaluating explainability methods in specific use cases. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.09981v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2406.09981v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 14 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.07008">arXiv:2404.07008</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.07008">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2404.07008">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_9">10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_9 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Knowledge graphs for empirical concept retrieval </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=T%C4%9Btkov%C3%A1%2C+L">Lenka T臎tkov谩</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Scheidt%2C+T+K">Teresa Karen Scheidt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fogh%2C+M+M">Maria Mandrup Fogh</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=J%C3%B8rgensen%2C+E+M+G">Ellen Marie Gaunby J酶rgensen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Nielsen%2C+F+%C3%85">Finn 脜rup Nielsen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2404.07008v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Concept-based explainable AI is promising as a tool to improve the understanding of complex models at the premises of a given user, viz.\ as a tool for personalized explainability. An important class of concept-based explainability methods is constructed with empirically defined concepts, indirectly defined through a set of positive and negative examples, as in the TCAV approach (Kim et al., 2018)… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2404.07008v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2404.07008v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2404.07008v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Concept-based explainable AI is promising as a tool to improve the understanding of complex models at the premises of a given user, viz.\ as a tool for personalized explainability. An important class of concept-based explainability methods is constructed with empirically defined concepts, indirectly defined through a set of positive and negative examples, as in the TCAV approach (Kim et al., 2018). While it is appealing to the user to avoid formal definitions of concepts and their operationalization, it can be challenging to establish relevant concept datasets. Here, we address this challenge using general knowledge graphs (such as, e.g., Wikidata or WordNet) for comprehensive concept definition and present a workflow for user-driven data collection in both text and image domains. The concepts derived from knowledge graphs are defined interactively, providing an opportunity for personalization and ensuring that the concepts reflect the user's intentions. We test the retrieved concept datasets on two concept-based explainability methods, namely concept activation vectors (CAVs) and concept activation regions (CARs) (Crabbe and van der Schaar, 2022). We show that CAVs and CARs based on these empirical concept datasets provide robust and accurate explanations. Importantly, we also find good alignment between the models' representations of concepts and the structure of knowledge graphs, i.e., human representations. This supports our conclusion that knowledge graph-based concepts are relevant for XAI. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2404.07008v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2404.07008v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 April, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Preprint. Accepted to The 2nd World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04121">arXiv:2404.04121</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.04121">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2404.04121">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2404.04121">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Theoretical Economics">econ.TH</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2024.102885">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2024.102885 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Productivity and quality-adjusted life years: QALYs, PALYs and beyond </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K+S">Kristian S. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Moreno-Ternero%2C+J+D">Juan D. Moreno-Ternero</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=%C3%98sterdal%2C+L+P">Lars P. 脴sterdal</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2404.04121v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We develop a unified framework for the measurement and valuation of health and productivity. Within this framework, we characterize evaluation functions allowing for compromises between the classical quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and its polar productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs). Our framework and characterization results provide a new normative basis for the economic evaluation of heal… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2404.04121v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2404.04121v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2404.04121v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We develop a unified framework for the measurement and valuation of health and productivity. Within this framework, we characterize evaluation functions allowing for compromises between the classical quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and its polar productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs). Our framework and characterization results provide a new normative basis for the economic evaluation of health care interventions, as well as occupational health and safety policies, aimed to impact both health and productivity of individuals. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2404.04121v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2404.04121v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 April, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14524">arXiv:2402.14524</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.14524">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2402.14524">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169414">10.1016/j.nima.2024.169414 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Simulations and Performance Studies of a MAPS in 65 nm CMOS Imaging Technology </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Simancas%2C+A">Adriana Simancas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Braach%2C+J">Justus Braach</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Buschmann%2C+E">Eric Buschmann</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Chauhan%2C+A">Ankur Chauhan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dannheim%2C+D">Dominik Dannheim</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Viera%2C+M+D+R">Manuel Del Rio Viera</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dort%2C+K">Katharina Dort</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Eckstein%2C+D">Doris Eckstein</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feindt%2C+F">Finn Feindt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gregor%2C+I">Ingrid-Maria Gregor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Huth%2C+L">Lennart Huth</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mendes%2C+L">Larissa Mendes</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mulyanto%2C+B">Budi Mulyanto</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">Daniil Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Reckleben%2C+C">Christian Reckleben</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Daza%2C+S+R">Sara Ruiz Daza</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Schlaadt%2C+J">Judith Schlaadt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Sch%C3%BCtze%2C+P">Paul Sch眉tze</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Snoeys%2C+W">Walter Snoeys</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">Simon Spannagel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Stanitzki%2C+M">Marcel Stanitzki</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Velyka%2C+A">Anastasiia Velyka</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">Gianpiero Vignola</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Wennl%C3%B6f%2C+H">H氓kan Wennl枚f</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.14524v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) produced in a 65 nm CMOS imaging technology are being investigated for applications in particle physics. The MAPS design has a small collection electrode characterized by an input capacitance of ~fF, granting a high signal-to-noise ratio and low power consumption. Additionally, the 65 nm CMOS imaging technology brings a reduction in material budget and improv… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.14524v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2402.14524v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.14524v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) produced in a 65 nm CMOS imaging technology are being investigated for applications in particle physics. The MAPS design has a small collection electrode characterized by an input capacitance of ~fF, granting a high signal-to-noise ratio and low power consumption. Additionally, the 65 nm CMOS imaging technology brings a reduction in material budget and improved logic density of the readout circuitry, compared to previously studied technologies. Given these features, this technology was chosen by the TANGERINE project to develop the next generation of silicon pixel sensors. The sensor design targets temporal and spatial resolutions compatible with the requirements for a vertex detector at future lepton colliders. Simulations and test-beam characterization of technology demonstrators have been carried out in close collaboration with the CERN EP R&D program and the ALICE ITS3 upgrade. TCAD device simulations using generic doping profiles and Monte Carlo simulations have been used to build an understanding of the technology and predict the performance parameters of the sensor. Technology demonstrators of a 65 nm CMOS MAPS with a small collection electrode have been characterized in laboratory and test-beam facilities by studying performance parameters such as cluster size, charge collection, and efficiency. This work compares simulation results to test-beam data. The experimental results establish this technology as a promising candidate for a vertex detector at future lepton colliders and give valuable information for improving the simulation approach. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.14524v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2402.14524v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A as a conference proceeding for the 13th International "Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.12305">arXiv:2402.12305</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.12305">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2402.12305">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169321">10.1016/j.nima.2024.169321 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The DESY Digital Silicon Photomultiplier: Device Characteristics and First Test-Beam Results </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feindt%2C+F">Finn Feindt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Diehl%2C+I">Inge Diehl</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lachnit%2C+S">Stephan Lachnit</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Poblotzki%2C+F">Frauke Poblotzki</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">Daniil Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">Simon Spannagel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vanat%2C+T">Tomas Vanat</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">Gianpiero Vignola</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.12305v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are state-of-the-art photon detectors used in particle physics, medical imaging, and beyond. They are sensitive to individual photons in the optical wavelength regime and achieve time resolutions of a few tens of picoseconds, which makes them interesting candidates for timing detectors in tracking systems for particle physics experiments. The Geiger discharges trig… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.12305v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2402.12305v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.12305v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are state-of-the-art photon detectors used in particle physics, medical imaging, and beyond. They are sensitive to individual photons in the optical wavelength regime and achieve time resolutions of a few tens of picoseconds, which makes them interesting candidates for timing detectors in tracking systems for particle physics experiments. The Geiger discharges triggered in the sensitive elements of a SiPM, Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), yield signal amplitudes independent of the energy deposited by a photon or ionizing particle. This intrinsically digital nature of the signal motivates its digitization already on SPAD level. A digital SiPM (dSiPM) was designed at Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), combining a SPAD array with embedded CMOS circuitry for on-chip signal processing. A key feature of the DESY dSiPM is its capability to provide hit-position information on pixel level, and one hit time stamp per quadrant at a 3 MHz readout-frame rate. The pixels comprise four SPADs and have a pitch of about 70 um. The four time stamps are provided by 12 bit Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) with a resolution better than 100 ps. The chip was characterized in the laboratory to determine dark count rate, breakdown voltage, and TDC characteristics. Test-beam measurements are analyzed to assess the DESY dSiPMs performance in the context of a 4D-tracking applications. The results demonstrate a spatial hit resolution on a pixel level, a minimum-ionizing particle detection efficiency of about 30 % and a time resolution in the order of 50 ps. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.12305v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2402.12305v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 31 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 19 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, 8 figures, presented at 13th International "Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (HSTD13), Vancouver</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10194">arXiv:2402.10194</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.10194">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2402.10194">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Dynamical Systems">math.DS</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Metric Geometry">math.MG</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Simple Tilings of Nilpotent Lie Groups </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Kyle Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.10194v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We define simple tilings in the general context of a G-tiling on a Riemannian homogeneous space M to be tilings by "almost linear" simplices. As evidence that this definition is natural, we prove that a natural class of tilings of M are MLD to simple ones. We demonstrate the utility of this definition by generalizing previously known results about simple tilings of Euclidean space. In particular,… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.10194v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2402.10194v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.10194v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We define simple tilings in the general context of a G-tiling on a Riemannian homogeneous space M to be tilings by "almost linear" simplices. As evidence that this definition is natural, we prove that a natural class of tilings of M are MLD to simple ones. We demonstrate the utility of this definition by generalizing previously known results about simple tilings of Euclidean space. In particular, it is shown that a simple tiling space of a connected, simply connected, rational, nilpotent Lie group is homeomorphic to a rational tiling space, and therefore a fiber bundle over a nilmanifold. We further sketch a proof of the fact that there is an isomorphism between 膶ech cohomology and pattern equivariant cohomology of simple tilings in connected, simply connected, nilpotent Lie groups. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.10194v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2402.10194v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 15 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">28 pages, 1 figure, comments are welcome</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.01237">arXiv:2312.01237</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.01237">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2312.01237">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Science and Game Theory">cs.GT</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computational Complexity">cs.CC</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> PPAD-membership for Problems with Exact Rational Solutions: A General Approach via Convex Optimization </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Filos-Ratsikas%2C+A">Aris Filos-Ratsikas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K+A">Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=H%C3%B8gh%2C+K">Kasper H酶gh</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hollender%2C+A">Alexandros Hollender</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.01237v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We introduce a general technique for proving membership of search problems with exact rational solutions in PPAD, one of the most well-known classes containing total search problems with polynomial-time verifiable solutions. In particular, we construct a "pseudogate", coined the linear-OPT-gate, which can be used as a "plug-and-play" component in a piecewise-linear (PL) arithmetic circuit, as an i… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.01237v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2312.01237v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.01237v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We introduce a general technique for proving membership of search problems with exact rational solutions in PPAD, one of the most well-known classes containing total search problems with polynomial-time verifiable solutions. In particular, we construct a "pseudogate", coined the linear-OPT-gate, which can be used as a "plug-and-play" component in a piecewise-linear (PL) arithmetic circuit, as an integral component of the "Linear-FIXP" equivalent definition of the class. The linear-OPT-gate can solve several convex optimization programs, including quadratic programs, which often appear organically in the simplest existence proofs for these problems. This effectively transforms existence proofs to PPAD-membership proofs, and consequently establishes the existence of solutions described by rational numbers. Using the linear-OPT-gate, we are able to significantly simplify and generalize almost all known PPAD-membership proofs for finding exact solutions in the application domains of game theory, competitive markets, auto-bidding auctions, and fair division, as well as to obtain new PPAD-membership results for problems in these domains. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.01237v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2312.01237v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 2 December, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.18364">arXiv:2311.18364</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.18364">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2311.18364">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computation and Language">cs.CL</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Social and Information Networks">cs.SI</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Hubness Reduction Improves Sentence-BERT Semantic Spaces </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Nielsen%2C+B+M+G">Beatrix M. G. Nielsen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.18364v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Semantic representations of text, i.e. representations of natural language which capture meaning by geometry, are essential for areas such as information retrieval and document grouping. High-dimensional trained dense vectors have received much attention in recent years as such representations. We investigate the structure of semantic spaces that arise from embeddings made with Sentence-BERT and f… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.18364v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2311.18364v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.18364v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Semantic representations of text, i.e. representations of natural language which capture meaning by geometry, are essential for areas such as information retrieval and document grouping. High-dimensional trained dense vectors have received much attention in recent years as such representations. We investigate the structure of semantic spaces that arise from embeddings made with Sentence-BERT and find that the representations suffer from a well-known problem in high dimensions called hubness. Hubness results in asymmetric neighborhood relations, such that some texts (the hubs) are neighbours of many other texts while most texts (so-called anti-hubs), are neighbours of few or no other texts. We quantify the semantic quality of the embeddings using hubness scores and error rate of a neighbourhood based classifier. We find that when hubness is high, we can reduce error rate and hubness using hubness reduction methods. We identify a combination of two methods as resulting in the best reduction. For example, on one of the tested pretrained models, this combined method can reduce hubness by about 75% and error rate by about 9%. Thus, we argue that mitigating hubness in the embedding space provides better semantic representations of text. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.18364v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2311.18364v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 November, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Accepted at NLDL 2024</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.13220">arXiv:2311.13220</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.13220">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2311.13220">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Monolithic MHz-frame rate digital SiPM-IC with sub-100 ps precision and 70$~渭$m pixel pitch </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Diehl%2C+I">I. Diehl</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">K. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vanat%2C+T">T. Vanat</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">G. Vignola</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feindt%2C+F">F. Feindt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">D. Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">S. Spannagel</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.13220v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This paper presents the design and characterization of a monolithic integrated circuit (IC) including digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) arranged in a 32$~\times~$32 pixel matrix at 70$~渭$m pitch. The IC provides per-quadrant time stamping and hit-map readout, and is fabricated in a standard 150-nm CMOS technology. Each dSiPM pixel consists of four single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) sha… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.13220v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2311.13220v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.13220v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This paper presents the design and characterization of a monolithic integrated circuit (IC) including digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) arranged in a 32$~\times~$32 pixel matrix at 70$~渭$m pitch. The IC provides per-quadrant time stamping and hit-map readout, and is fabricated in a standard 150-nm CMOS technology. Each dSiPM pixel consists of four single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) sharing a quenching and subsequent processing circuitry and has a fill factor of 30$~\%$. A sub-100$~$ps precision, 12-bit time-to-digital converter (TDC) provides timestamps per quadrant with an acquisition rate of 3$~$MHz. Together with the hit map, the total sustained data throughput of the IC amounts to 4$~$Gbps. Measurements obtained in a dark, temperature-stable environment as well as by using a pulsed laser environment show the full dSiPM-IC functionality. The dark-count rate (DCR) as function of the overvoltage and temperature, the TDC resolution, differential and integral nonlinearity (DNL/INL) as well as the propagation-delay variations across the matrix are presented. With aid of additional peripheral test structures, the main building blocks are characterized and key parameters are presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.13220v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2311.13220v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 November, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">16 pages, 13 figures, 1 table</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.13755">arXiv:2310.13755</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.13755">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2310.13755">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics">astro-ph.CO</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347805">10.1051/0004-6361/202347805 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The CMB Cold Spot as predicted by foregrounds around nearby galaxies </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lambas%2C+D+G">Diego Garcia Lambas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+F+K">Frode K. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Toscano%2C+F">Facundo Toscano</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Luparello%2C+H+E">Heliana E. Luparello</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Boero%2C+E+F">Ezequiel F. Boero</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2310.13755v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The non-Gaussian Cold Spot (CS) surrounded by its hot ring is one of the most striking features of the CMB. It has been speculated that either new physics or ISW effect induced by the presence of a cosmic void at high redshift can account for the observations. Here we investigate if the systematic decrease in CMB temperature in the neighbourhood of nearby galaxies may create such a strong temperat… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2310.13755v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2310.13755v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2310.13755v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The non-Gaussian Cold Spot (CS) surrounded by its hot ring is one of the most striking features of the CMB. It has been speculated that either new physics or ISW effect induced by the presence of a cosmic void at high redshift can account for the observations. Here we investigate if the systematic decrease in CMB temperature in the neighbourhood of nearby galaxies may create such a strong temperature depression. In particular, we note that the Eridanus supergroup and its neighbouring groups, is in the CS area. Our goal is to analyse observational galaxy data to characterise the neighbourhood of the CS, explore the properties of these galaxies and thereby make a prediction of the CMB temperature decrement in this region. We use the Planck SMICA maps and the galaxy catalogues 2MRS, 6dF and HIPASS as foreground tracers. We apply mean temperature profiles to model the temperature decrement from the galaxies in the CS area. Even after correcting for the mean low temperature of the CS region, we find that the temperature decrement around galaxies is significantly stronger than the mean decrement in other parts of the sky. We discuss whether this could be attributed to the fact that the CS area coincides with one of the regions populated by the most HI deficient galaxies. Modelling the foreground temperature profile, we find a particularly strong temperature decrement due to the presence of the late-type overabundant largest group complex in the nearby universe. A CS shape, which to a large degree overlaps with the CMB CS, is observed. We conclude that the coincidence of the only nearby spiral rich group complex located in the CS region, and the success of the modelling performed, adds strong evidence to the existence of a local extragalactic foreground which could account for the observed temperature depression, alleviating the tension with an otherwise Gaussian field expected in the CMB. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2310.13755v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2310.13755v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 October, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> A&A 681, A2 (2024) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.14795">arXiv:2307.14795</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.14795">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2307.14795">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2307.14795">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic and Molecular Clusters">physics.atm-clus</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Size distributions in irreversible particle aggregation </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Klavs Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.14795v4-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The aggregation of particles in the free molecular regime is determined approximately for situations with a high degree of translational energy equilibration. The mean particle sizes develop linearly in time. Scaling relations are used to derive a linear partial differential equation which is solved to show that the size distributions are close to log-normal asymptotically in time. </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.14795v4-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The aggregation of particles in the free molecular regime is determined approximately for situations with a high degree of translational energy equilibration. The mean particle sizes develop linearly in time. Scaling relations are used to derive a linear partial differential equation which is solved to show that the size distributions are close to log-normal asymptotically in time. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.14795v4-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2307.14795v4-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 January, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 27 July, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">7 pages, 3 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12745">arXiv:2307.12745</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.12745">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2307.12745">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2307.12745">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Signal Processing">eess.SP</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">stat.ML</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Concept-based explainability for an EEG transformer model </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gj%C3%B8lbye%2C+A">Anders Gj酶lbye</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lehn-Schi%C3%B8ler%2C+W">William Lehn-Schi酶ler</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=J%C3%B3nsd%C3%B3ttir%2C+%C3%81">脕shildur J贸nsd贸ttir</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Arnard%C3%B3ttir%2C+B">Bergd铆s Arnard贸ttir</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.12745v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Deep learning models are complex due to their size, structure, and inherent randomness in training procedures. Additional complexity arises from the selection of datasets and inductive biases. Addressing these challenges for explainability, Kim et al. (2018) introduced Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs), which aim to understand deep models' internal states in terms of human-aligned concepts. These… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.12745v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2307.12745v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.12745v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Deep learning models are complex due to their size, structure, and inherent randomness in training procedures. Additional complexity arises from the selection of datasets and inductive biases. Addressing these challenges for explainability, Kim et al. (2018) introduced Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs), which aim to understand deep models' internal states in terms of human-aligned concepts. These concepts correspond to directions in latent space, identified using linear discriminants. Although this method was first applied to image classification, it was later adapted to other domains, including natural language processing. In this work, we attempt to apply the method to electroencephalogram (EEG) data for explainability in Kostas et al.'s BENDR (2021), a large-scale transformer model. A crucial part of this endeavor involves defining the explanatory concepts and selecting relevant datasets to ground concepts in the latent space. Our focus is on two mechanisms for EEG concept formation: the use of externally labeled EEG datasets, and the application of anatomically defined concepts. The former approach is a straightforward generalization of methods used in image classification, while the latter is novel and specific to EEG. We present evidence that both approaches to concept formation yield valuable insights into the representations learned by deep EEG models. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.12745v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2307.12745v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 August, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 24 July, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">To appear in proceedings of 2023 IEEE International workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12605">arXiv:2307.12605</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.12605">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2307.12605">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2307.12605">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Science and Game Theory">cs.GT</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computational Complexity">cs.CC</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> On the complexity of Pareto-optimal and envy-free lotteries </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Caragiannis%2C+I">Ioannis Caragiannis</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K+A">Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rathi%2C+N">Nidhi Rathi</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.12605v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We study the classic problem of dividing a collection of indivisible resources in a fair and efficient manner among a set of agents having varied preferences. Pareto optimality is a standard notion of economic efficiency, which states that it should be impossible to find an allocation that improves some agent's utility without reducing any other's. On the other hand, a fundamental notion of fairne… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.12605v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2307.12605v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.12605v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We study the classic problem of dividing a collection of indivisible resources in a fair and efficient manner among a set of agents having varied preferences. Pareto optimality is a standard notion of economic efficiency, which states that it should be impossible to find an allocation that improves some agent's utility without reducing any other's. On the other hand, a fundamental notion of fairness in resource allocation settings is that of envy-freeness, which renders an allocation to be fair if every agent (weakly) prefers her own bundle over that of any other agent's bundle. Unfortunately, an envy-free allocation may not exist if we wish to divide a collection of indivisible items. Introducing randomness is a typical way of circumventing the non-existence of solutions, and therefore, allocation lotteries, i.e., distributions over allocations have been explored while relaxing the notion of fairness to ex-ante envy freeness. We consider a general fair division setting with $n$ agents and a family of admissible $n$-partitions of an underlying set of items. Every agent is endowed with partition-based utilities, which specify her cardinal utility for each bundle of items in every admissible partition. In such fair division instances, Cole and Tao (2021) have proved that an ex-ante envy-free and Pareto-optimal allocation lottery is always guaranteed to exist. We strengthen their result while examining the computational complexity of the above total problem and establish its membership in the complexity class PPAD. Furthermore, for instances with a constant number of agents, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm to find an ex-ante envy-free and Pareto-optimal allocation lottery. On the negative side, we prove that maximizing social welfare over ex-ante envy-free and Pareto-optimal allocation lotteries is NP-hard. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.12605v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2307.12605v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 July, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">22 pages</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.14036">arXiv:2306.14036</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.14036">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Chemical Physics">physics.chem-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Exciton properties: learning from a decade of measurements on halide perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K+R">Kameron R. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Colton%2C+J+S">John S. Colton</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Whittaker-Brooks%2C+L">Luisa Whittaker-Brooks</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.14036v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The exciton binding energy ($E_b$) is a key parameter that governs the physics of many optoelectronic devices. At their best, trustworthy and precise measurements of $E_b$ challenge theoreticians to refine models, are a driving force in advancing the understanding a material system, and lead to efficient device design. At their worst, inaccurate $E_b$ measurements lead theoreticians astray, sew co… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.14036v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2306.14036v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.14036v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The exciton binding energy ($E_b$) is a key parameter that governs the physics of many optoelectronic devices. At their best, trustworthy and precise measurements of $E_b$ challenge theoreticians to refine models, are a driving force in advancing the understanding a material system, and lead to efficient device design. At their worst, inaccurate $E_b$ measurements lead theoreticians astray, sew confusion within the research community, and hinder device improvements by leading to poor designs. This review article seeks to highlight the pros and cons of different measurement techniques used to determine $E_b$, namely, temperature-dependent photoluminescence, resolving Rydberg states, electroabsorption, magnetoabsorption, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and fitting the optical absorption. Due to numerous conflicting $E_b$ values reported for halide perovskites (HP) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) monolayers, an emphasis is placed on highlighting these measurements in attempt to reconcile the variance between different measurement techniques. By considering the published data en masse, we argue the experiments with the clearest indicators are in agreement on the following values: ~350 - 450 meV for TMDC monolayers between SiO$_2$ and vacuum, ~150 - 200 meV for hBN-encapsulated TMDC monolayers, ~200 - 300 meV for common lead-iodide 2D HPs, and ~10 meV for methylammonium lead iodide. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.14036v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2306.14036v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 June, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">80 pages, 24 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.03009">arXiv:2306.03009</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.03009">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2306.03009">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">stat.ML</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Applications">stat.AP</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-023-00573-5">10.1038/s43588-023-00573-5 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Using Sequences of Life-events to Predict Human Lives </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Savcisens%2C+G">Germans Savcisens</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Eliassi-Rad%2C+T">Tina Eliassi-Rad</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mortensen%2C+L">Laust Mortensen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lilleholt%2C+L">Lau Lilleholt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rogers%2C+A">Anna Rogers</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zettler%2C+I">Ingo Zettler</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lehmann%2C+S">Sune Lehmann</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.03009v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Over the past decade, machine learning has revolutionized computers' ability to analyze text through flexible computational models. Due to their structural similarity to written language, transformer-based architectures have also shown promise as tools to make sense of a range of multi-variate sequences from protein-structures, music, electronic health records to weather-forecasts. We can also rep… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.03009v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2306.03009v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.03009v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Over the past decade, machine learning has revolutionized computers' ability to analyze text through flexible computational models. Due to their structural similarity to written language, transformer-based architectures have also shown promise as tools to make sense of a range of multi-variate sequences from protein-structures, music, electronic health records to weather-forecasts. We can also represent human lives in a way that shares this structural similarity to language. From one perspective, lives are simply sequences of events: People are born, visit the pediatrician, start school, move to a new location, get married, and so on. Here, we exploit this similarity to adapt innovations from natural language processing to examine the evolution and predictability of human lives based on detailed event sequences. We do this by drawing on arguably the most comprehensive registry data in existence, available for an entire nation of more than six million individuals across decades. Our data include information about life-events related to health, education, occupation, income, address, and working hours, recorded with day-to-day resolution. We create embeddings of life-events in a single vector space showing that this embedding space is robust and highly structured. Our models allow us to predict diverse outcomes ranging from early mortality to personality nuances, outperforming state-of-the-art models by a wide margin. Using methods for interpreting deep learning models, we probe the algorithm to understand the factors that enable our predictions. Our framework allows researchers to identify new potential mechanisms that impact life outcomes and associated possibilities for personalized interventions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.03009v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2306.03009v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 June, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nature Computational Science 4 (2024) 43-56 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00561">arXiv:2306.00561</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.00561">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2306.00561">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Sound">cs.SD</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Audio and Speech Processing">eess.AS</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Masked Autoencoders with Multi-Window Local-Global Attention Are Better Audio Learners </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Yadav%2C+S">Sarthak Yadav</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Theodoridis%2C+S">Sergios Theodoridis</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Tan%2C+Z">Zheng-Hua Tan</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.00561v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In this work, we propose a Multi-Window Masked Autoencoder (MW-MAE) fitted with a novel Multi-Window Multi-Head Attention (MW-MHA) module that facilitates the modelling of local-global interactions in every decoder transformer block through attention heads of several distinct local and global windows. Empirical results on ten downstream audio tasks show that MW-MAEs consistently outperform standar… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.00561v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2306.00561v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.00561v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In this work, we propose a Multi-Window Masked Autoencoder (MW-MAE) fitted with a novel Multi-Window Multi-Head Attention (MW-MHA) module that facilitates the modelling of local-global interactions in every decoder transformer block through attention heads of several distinct local and global windows. Empirical results on ten downstream audio tasks show that MW-MAEs consistently outperform standard MAEs in overall performance and learn better general-purpose audio representations, along with demonstrating considerably better scaling characteristics. Investigating attention distances and entropies reveals that MW-MAE encoders learn heads with broader local and global attention. Analyzing attention head feature representations through Projection Weighted Canonical Correlation Analysis (PWCCA) shows that attention heads with the same window sizes across the decoder layers of the MW-MAE learn correlated feature representations which enables each block to independently capture local and global information, leading to a decoupled decoder feature hierarchy. Code for feature extraction and downstream experiments along with pre-trained models will be released publically. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.00561v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2306.00561v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 1 October, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 1 June, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.17154">arXiv:2305.17154</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.17154">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2305.17154">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> On convex decision regions in deep network representations </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=T%C4%9Btkov%C3%A1%2C+L">Lenka T臎tkov谩</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Br%C3%BCsch%2C+T">Thea Br眉sch</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Scheidt%2C+T+K">Teresa Karen Scheidt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mager%2C+F+M">Fabian Martin Mager</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Aagaard%2C+R+%C3%98">Rasmus 脴rtoft Aagaard</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Foldager%2C+J">Jonathan Foldager</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alstr%C3%B8m%2C+T+S">Tommy Sonne Alstr酶m</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.17154v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Current work on human-machine alignment aims at understanding machine-learned latent spaces and their correspondence to human representations. G{盲}rdenfors' conceptual spaces is a prominent framework for understanding human representations. Convexity of object regions in conceptual spaces is argued to promote generalizability, few-shot learning, and interpersonal alignment. Based on these insights… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.17154v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2305.17154v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.17154v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Current work on human-machine alignment aims at understanding machine-learned latent spaces and their correspondence to human representations. G{盲}rdenfors' conceptual spaces is a prominent framework for understanding human representations. Convexity of object regions in conceptual spaces is argued to promote generalizability, few-shot learning, and interpersonal alignment. Based on these insights, we investigate the notion of convexity of concept regions in machine-learned latent spaces. We develop a set of tools for measuring convexity in sampled data and evaluate emergent convexity in layered representations of state-of-the-art deep networks. We show that convexity is robust to basic re-parametrization and, hence, meaningful as a quality of machine-learned latent spaces. We find that approximate convexity is pervasive in neural representations in multiple application domains, including models of images, audio, human activity, text, and medical images. Generally, we observe that fine-tuning increases the convexity of label regions. We find evidence that pretraining convexity of class label regions predicts subsequent fine-tuning performance. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.17154v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2305.17154v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 October, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 26 May, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.12575">arXiv:2305.12575</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.12575">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2305.12575">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Impacts of permeability heterogeneity and background flow on supercritical CO2 dissolution in the deep subsurface </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+S+K">Scott K. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Tao%2C+Y">Yichen Tao</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Karra%2C+S">Satish Karra</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.12575v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Motivated by CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) design considerations, we consider the coupled effects of permeability heterogeneity and background flow on the dissolution of a supercritical CO2 lens into an underlying deep, confined aquifer. We present the results of a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation study examining the interaction of background flow rate and three parameters describing multi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.12575v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2305.12575v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.12575v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Motivated by CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) design considerations, we consider the coupled effects of permeability heterogeneity and background flow on the dissolution of a supercritical CO2 lens into an underlying deep, confined aquifer. We present the results of a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation study examining the interaction of background flow rate and three parameters describing multi-Gaussian log-permeability fields: mean, variance, and correlation length. Hundreds of high-resolution simulations were performed using the PFLOTRAN finite volume software to model CO2 dissolution in a kilometer-scale aquifer over 1000 y. Predictive dimensionless scaling relationships relating CO2 dissolution rate to heterogeneity statistics, Rayleigh (Ra) and Peclet (Pe) numbers were developed for both gravitationally dominated free convection to background flow-dominated forced convection regimes. An empirical criterion, $\rm Pe\ = Ra^{3/4}$, was discovered for regime transition. All simulations converged quickly to a quasi-steady, approximately linear dissolution rate. However, this rate displayed profound variability between permeability field realizations sharing the same heterogeneity statistics, even under mild permeability heterogeneity. In general, increased heterogeneity was associated with a lower mean and higher variance of dissolution rate, undesirable from a CCS design perspective. The relationship between dissolution rate and background flow was found to be complex and nonlinear. Dimensionless scaling relationships were uncovered for a number of special cases. Results call into question the validity of the Boussinesq approximation in the context of modest-to-high background flow rates and the general applicability of numerical simulations without background flow. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.12575v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2305.12575v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 May, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">MSC Class:</span> 76R99 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00268">arXiv:2305.00268</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.00268">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2305.00268">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics">astro-ph.CO</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346779">10.1051/0004-6361/202346779 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A possible common explanation for several cosmic microwave background (CMB) anomalies: A strong impact of nearby galaxies on observed large-scale CMB fluctuations </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+F+K">Frode K. Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Boero%2C+E+F">Ezequiel F. Boero</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Luparello%2C+H+E">Heliana E. Luparello</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lambas%2C+D+G">Diego Garcia Lambas</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.00268v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In Luparello et al. 2023, a new and hitherto unknown CMB foreground was detected. A systematic decrease in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperatures around nearby large spiral galaxies points to an unknown interaction with CMB photons in a sphere up to several projected Mpc around these galaxies. We investigate to which extent this foreground may impact the CMB fluctuations map and create the… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.00268v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2305.00268v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.00268v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In Luparello et al. 2023, a new and hitherto unknown CMB foreground was detected. A systematic decrease in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperatures around nearby large spiral galaxies points to an unknown interaction with CMB photons in a sphere up to several projected Mpc around these galaxies. We investigate to which extent this foreground may impact the CMB fluctuations map and create the so-called CMB anomalies. Using the observed temperature decrements around the galaxies, and making some general assumptions about the unknown interaction, we propose a common radial temperature profile. By assigning this profile to nearby galaxies in the redshift range $z=[0.004,0.02]$ we create a foreground map model. We find a remarkable resemblance between this temperature model map based on nearby galaxies and the Planck CMB map. Out of 1000 simulated maps, none of them show such a strong correlation with the foreground map over both large and small angular scales. In particular, the quadrupole, octopole, as well as $\ell=4$ and $\ell=5$ modes correlate with the foreground map to high significance. Furthermore, one of the most prominent temperature decrements in the foreground map coincides with the position of the CMB cold spot. The largest scales of the CMB and thereby the cosmological parameters, may have important changes after proper corrections of this foreground component. However, a reliable corrected CMB map can only be derived when suitable physical mechanisms are proposed and tested. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.00268v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2305.00268v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 June, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 29 April, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 4 figures, revised version which is accepted for publication in A&A Letters</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13989">arXiv:2304.13989</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.13989">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2304.13989">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computation and Language">cs.CL</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Cross-Domain Evaluation of POS Taggers: From Wall Street Journal to Fandom Wiki </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K+K">Kia Kirstein Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=van+der+Goot%2C+R">Rob van der Goot</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2304.13989v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank has been the de-facto standard for evaluating POS taggers for a long time, and accuracies over 97\% have been reported. However, less is known about out-of-domain tagger performance, especially with fine-grained label sets. Using data from Elder Scrolls Fandom, a wiki about the \textit{Elder Scrolls} video game universe, we create a modest datas… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2304.13989v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2304.13989v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2304.13989v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank has been the de-facto standard for evaluating POS taggers for a long time, and accuracies over 97\% have been reported. However, less is known about out-of-domain tagger performance, especially with fine-grained label sets. Using data from Elder Scrolls Fandom, a wiki about the \textit{Elder Scrolls} video game universe, we create a modest dataset for qualitatively evaluating the cross-domain performance of two POS taggers: the Stanford tagger (Toutanova et al. 2003) and Bilty (Plank et al. 2016), both trained on WSJ. Our analyses show that performance on tokens seen during training is almost as good as in-domain performance, but accuracy on unknown tokens decreases from 90.37% to 78.37% (Stanford) and 87.84\% to 80.41\% (Bilty) across domains. Both taggers struggle with proper nouns and inconsistent capitalization. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2304.13989v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2304.13989v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 April, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.08984">arXiv:2304.08984</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.08984">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2304.08984">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition">cs.CV</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW59228.2023.00381">10.1109/CVPRW59228.2023.00381 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Robustness of Visual Explanations to Common Data Augmentation </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=T%C4%9Btkov%C3%A1%2C+L">Lenka T臎tkov谩</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2304.08984v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> As the use of deep neural networks continues to grow, understanding their behaviour has become more crucial than ever. Post-hoc explainability methods are a potential solution, but their reliability is being called into question. Our research investigates the response of post-hoc visual explanations to naturally occurring transformations, often referred to as augmentations. We anticipate explanati… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2304.08984v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2304.08984v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2304.08984v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> As the use of deep neural networks continues to grow, understanding their behaviour has become more crucial than ever. Post-hoc explainability methods are a potential solution, but their reliability is being called into question. Our research investigates the response of post-hoc visual explanations to naturally occurring transformations, often referred to as augmentations. We anticipate explanations to be invariant under certain transformations, such as changes to the colour map while responding in an equivariant manner to transformations like translation, object scaling, and rotation. We have found remarkable differences in robustness depending on the type of transformation, with some explainability methods (such as LRP composites and Guided Backprop) being more stable than others. We also explore the role of training with data augmentation. We provide evidence that explanations are typically less robust to augmentation than classification performance, regardless of whether data augmentation is used in training or not. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2304.08984v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2304.08984v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 April, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Accepted to The 2nd Explainable AI for Computer Vision (XAI4CV) Workshop at CVPR 2023</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03703">arXiv:2304.03703</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03703">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2304.03703">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics">cond-mat.mes-hall</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP01716H">10.1039/D3CP01716H <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The Largest Fullerene </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gatchell%2C+M">Michael Gatchell</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zettergren%2C+H">Henning Zettergren</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Klavs Hansen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2304.03703v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Fullerenes are lowest energy structures for gas phase all-carbon particles for a range of sizes, but graphite remains the lowest energy allotrope of bulk carbon. This implies that the lowest energy structure changes nature from fullerenes to graphite or graphene at some size and therefore, in turn, implies a limit on the size of free fullerenes as ground state structures. We calculate this largest… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2304.03703v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2304.03703v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2304.03703v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Fullerenes are lowest energy structures for gas phase all-carbon particles for a range of sizes, but graphite remains the lowest energy allotrope of bulk carbon. This implies that the lowest energy structure changes nature from fullerenes to graphite or graphene at some size and therefore, in turn, implies a limit on the size of free fullerenes as ground state structures. We calculate this largest stable single shell fullerene to be of size $N=1\times10^4$, using the AIREBO effective potential. Above this size fullerene onions are more stable, with an energy per atom that approaches graphite structures. Onions and graphite have very similar ground state energies, raising the intriguing possibility that fullerene onions could be the lowest free energy states of large carbon particles in some temperature range. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2304.03703v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2304.03703v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 7 April, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.18153">arXiv:2303.18153</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.18153">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2303.18153">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC44845.2022.10398964">10.1109/NSS/MIC44845.2022.10398964 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Developing a Monolithic Silicon Sensor in a 65 nm CMOS Imaging Technology for Future Lepton Collider Vertex Detectors </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Simancas%2C+A">Adriana Simancas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Braach%2C+J">Justus Braach</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Buschmann%2C+E">Eric Buschmann</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Chauhan%2C+A">Ankur Chauhan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dannheim%2C+D">Dominik Dannheim</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Viera%2C+M+D+R">Manuel Del Rio Viera</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dort%2C+K">Katharina Dort</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Eckstein%2C+D">Doris Eckstein</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feindt%2C+F">Finn Feindt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gregor%2C+I">Ingrid-Maria Gregor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Huth%2C+L">Lennart Huth</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mendes%2C+L">Larissa Mendes</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mulyanto%2C+B">Budi Mulyanto</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">Daniil Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Reckleben%2C+C">Christian Reckleben</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Daza%2C+S+R">Sara Ruiz Daza</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Sch%C3%BCtze%2C+P">Paul Sch眉tze</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Snoeys%2C+W">Walter Snoeys</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">Simon Spannagel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Stanitzki%2C+M">Marcel Stanitzki</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Velyka%2C+A">Anastasiia Velyka</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">Gianpiero Vignola</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Wennl%C3%B6f%2C+H">H氓kan Wennl枚f</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2303.18153v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Monolithic CMOS sensors in a 65 nm imaging technology are being investigated by the CERN EP Strategic R&D Programme on Technologies for Future Experiments for an application in particle physics. The appeal of monolithic detectors lies in the fact that both sensor volume and readout electronics are integrated in the same silicon wafer, providing a reduction in production effort, costs and scatterin… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2303.18153v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2303.18153v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2303.18153v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Monolithic CMOS sensors in a 65 nm imaging technology are being investigated by the CERN EP Strategic R&D Programme on Technologies for Future Experiments for an application in particle physics. The appeal of monolithic detectors lies in the fact that both sensor volume and readout electronics are integrated in the same silicon wafer, providing a reduction in production effort, costs and scattering material. The Tangerine Project WP1 at DESY participates in the Strategic R&D Programme and is focused on the development of a monolithic active pixel sensor with a time and spatial resolution compatible with the requirements for a future lepton collider vertex detector. By fulfilling these requirements, the Tangerine detector is suitable as well to be used as telescope planes for the DESY-II Test Beam facility. The project comprises all aspects of sensor development, from the electronics engineering and the sensor design using simulations, to laboratory and test beam investigations of prototypes. Generic TCAD Device and Monte-Carlo simulations are used to establish an understanding of the technology and provide important insight into performance parameters of the sensor. Testing prototypes in laboratory and test beam facilities allows for the characterization of their response to different conditions. By combining results from all these studies it is possible to optimize the sensor layout. This contribution presents results from generic TCAD and Monte-Carlo simulations, and measurements performed with test chips of the first sensor submission. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2303.18153v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2303.18153v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 31 March, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">7 pages, 8 figures, submitted to IEEE Xplore as conference record for 2022 IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.05983">arXiv:2301.05983</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.05983">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2301.05983">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">stat.ML</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> On the role of Model Uncertainties in Bayesian Optimization </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Foldager%2C+J">Jonathan Foldager</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Jordahn%2C+M">Mikkel Jordahn</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+L+K">Lars Kai Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Andersen%2C+M+R">Michael Riis Andersen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2301.05983v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method for black-box optimization, which relies on uncertainty as part of its decision-making process when deciding which experiment to perform next. However, not much work has addressed the effect of uncertainty on the performance of the BO algorithm and to what extent calibrated uncertainties improve the ability to find the global optimum. In this work, we… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2301.05983v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2301.05983v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2301.05983v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method for black-box optimization, which relies on uncertainty as part of its decision-making process when deciding which experiment to perform next. However, not much work has addressed the effect of uncertainty on the performance of the BO algorithm and to what extent calibrated uncertainties improve the ability to find the global optimum. In this work, we provide an extensive study of the relationship between the BO performance (regret) and uncertainty calibration for popular surrogate models and compare them across both synthetic and real-world experiments. Our results confirm that Gaussian Processes are strong surrogate models and that they tend to outperform other popular models. Our results further show a positive association between calibration error and regret, but interestingly, this association disappears when we control for the type of model in the analysis. We also studied the effect of re-calibration and demonstrate that it generally does not lead to improved regret. Finally, we provide theoretical justification for why uncertainty calibration might be difficult to combine with BO due to the small sample sizes commonly used. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2301.05983v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2301.05983v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 14 January, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.13658">arXiv:2211.13658</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.13658">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2211.13658">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic and Molecular Clusters">physics.atm-clus</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Chemical Physics">physics.chem-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.2c09024">10.1021/acs.jpca.2c09024 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Cascade infrared thermal photon emission </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Klavs Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Licht%2C+O">Ori Licht</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Kurbanov%2C+A">Adeliya Kurbanov</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Toker%2C+Y">Yoni Toker</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.13658v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The time development of the excitation energy of molecules and clusters cooling by emission of thermal vibrational infrared radiation has been studied. The energy distributions and the photon emission rates develop into near-universal functions that can be characterized with only a few parameters, irrespective of the precise vibrational spectra and oscillator strengths of the systems. The photon e… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.13658v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2211.13658v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.13658v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The time development of the excitation energy of molecules and clusters cooling by emission of thermal vibrational infrared radiation has been studied. The energy distributions and the photon emission rates develop into near-universal functions that can be characterized with only a few parameters, irrespective of the precise vibrational spectra and oscillator strengths of the systems. The photon emission constant and emitted power averaged over all thermally populated states vary linearly with total excitation energy with a small offset. The time developments of ensemble internal energy distributions are calculated with respect to their first two moments. For the derived linear dependence of the emission rate constant, these results are exact. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.13658v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2211.13658v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 November, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2022. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.09367">arXiv:2211.09367</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.09367">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic and Molecular Clusters">physics.atm-clus</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0028056">10.1063/5.0028056 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Isotope enrichment in neon clusters grown in helium nanodroplets </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Tiefenthaler%2C+L">Lukas Tiefenthaler</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Kollotzek%2C+S">Siegfried Kollotzek</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gatchell%2C+M">Michael Gatchell</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Klavs Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Scheier%2C+P">Paul Scheier</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Echt%2C+O">Olof Echt</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.09367v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Neon cluster ions Ne$_s^+$ grown in pre-ionized, mass-to-charge selected helium nanodroplets (HNDs) reveal a strong enrichment of the heavy isotope $^{22}$Ne that depends on cluster size s and the experimental conditions. For small sizes the enrichment is much larger than previously reported for bare neon clusters grown in nozzle expansions and subsequently ionized. The enrichment is traced to the… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.09367v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2211.09367v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.09367v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Neon cluster ions Ne$_s^+$ grown in pre-ionized, mass-to-charge selected helium nanodroplets (HNDs) reveal a strong enrichment of the heavy isotope $^{22}$Ne that depends on cluster size s and the experimental conditions. For small sizes the enrichment is much larger than previously reported for bare neon clusters grown in nozzle expansions and subsequently ionized. The enrichment is traced to the massive evaporation of neon atoms in a collision cell that is used to strip helium from the HNDs. We derive a relation between the enrichment of $^{22}$Ne in the cluster ion and its corresponding depletion factor $F$ in the vapor phase. The value thus found for $F$ is in excellent agreement with a theoretical expression that relates isotopic fractionation in two-phase equilibria of atomic gases to the Debye temperature. Furthermore, the difference in zero-point energies between the two isotopes computed from F agrees reasonably well with theoretical studies of neon cluster ions that include nuclear quantum effects in the harmonic approximation. Another fitting parameter provides an estimate for the size s$_i$ of the precursor of the observed Ne$_s^+$. The value is in satisfactory agreement with the size estimated by modeling the growth of Ne$_s^+$, and with lower and upper limits deduced from other experimental data. On the other hand, neon clusters grown in neutral HNDs that are subsequently ionized by electron bombardment exhibit no statistically significant isotope enrichment at all. The finding suggests that the extent of ionization-induced dissociation of clusters embedded in HNDs is considerably smaller than for bare clusters. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.09367v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2211.09367v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 November, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">14 pages, 5 figures, supplementary material</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> J. Chem. Phys. 153 (2020) 164305 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04265">arXiv:2211.04265</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04265">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2211.04265">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Strongly Correlated Electrons">cond-mat.str-el</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577523000619">10.1107/S1600577523000619 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Guyader%2C+L+L">Lo茂c Le Guyader</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Eschenlohr%2C+A">Andrea Eschenlohr</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Beye%2C+M">Martin Beye</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Schlotter%2C+W">William Schlotter</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=D%C3%B6ring%2C+F">Florian D枚ring</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Carinan%2C+C">Cammille Carinan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hickin%2C+D">David Hickin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Agarwal%2C+N">Naman Agarwal</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Boeglin%2C+C">Christine Boeglin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bovensiepen%2C+U">Uwe Bovensiepen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Buck%2C+J">Jens Buck</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Carley%2C+R">Robert Carley</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Castoldi%2C+A">Andrea Castoldi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=D%27Elia%2C+A">Alessandro D'Elia</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Delitz%2C+J">Jan-Torben Delitz</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Ehsan%2C+W">Wajid Ehsan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Engel%2C+R">Robin Engel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Erdinger%2C+F">Florian Erdinger</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fangohr%2C+H">Hans Fangohr</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fischer%2C+P">Peter Fischer</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fiorini%2C+C">Carlo Fiorini</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=F%C3%B6hlisch%2C+A">Alexander F枚hlisch</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gelisio%2C+L">Luca Gelisio</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gensch%2C+M">Michael Gensch</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gerasimova%2C+N">Natalia Gerasimova</a> , et al. (39 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.04265v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we present a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). I… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.04265v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2211.04265v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.04265v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we present a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot-by-shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, the DSSC imaging detector, which is capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst, is employed and allows approaching the photon shot-noise limit. We review the setup and its capabilities, as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.04265v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2211.04265v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 January, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 8 November, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">11 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> J. Synchrotron Rad. (2023). 30, 284-300 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.13162">arXiv:2210.13162</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.13162">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2210.13162">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2023.2210606">10.1080/21663831.2023.2210606 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lojewski%2C+T">Tobias Lojewski</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Elhanoty%2C+M+F">Mohamed F. Elhanoty</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Guyader%2C+L+L">Lo茂c Le Guyader</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gr%C3%A5n%C3%A4s%2C+O">Oscar Gr氓n盲s</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Agarwal%2C+N">Naman Agarwal</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Boeglin%2C+C">Christine Boeglin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Carley%2C+R">Robert Carley</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Castoldi%2C+A">Andrea Castoldi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=David%2C+C">Christian David</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Deiter%2C+C">Carsten Deiter</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=D%C3%B6ring%2C+F">Florian D枚ring</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Engel%2C+R+Y">Robin Y. Engel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Erdinger%2C+F">Florian Erdinger</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fangohr%2C+H">Hans Fangohr</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fiorini%2C+C">Carlo Fiorini</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fischer%2C+P">Peter Fischer</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gerasimova%2C+N">Natalia Gerasimova</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gort%2C+R">Rafael Gort</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=de+Groot%2C+F">Frank de Groot</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hauf%2C+S">Steffen Hauf</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hickin%2C+D">David Hickin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Izquierdo%2C+M">Manuel Izquierdo</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Van+Kuiken%2C+B+E">Benjamin E. Van Kuiken</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Kvashnin%2C+Y">Yaroslav Kvashnin</a> , et al. (26 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2210.13162v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. The interplay between the respective terms of the Hamiltonian is of fundamental interest, since it produces most, if not all, of the exotic phenomena observed in the solid state. By combining high energy and temp… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2210.13162v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2210.13162v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2210.13162v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. The interplay between the respective terms of the Hamiltonian is of fundamental interest, since it produces most, if not all, of the exotic phenomena observed in the solid state. By combining high energy and temporal resolution in femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio time-dependent density functional theory we analyze the electronic structure in fcc Ni on the time scale of these interactions in a pump-probe experiment. We distinguish transient broadening and energy shifts in the absorption spectra, which we demonstrate to be caused by electron repopulation and correlation-induced modifications of the electronic structure, respectively. Importantly, the theoretical description of this experimental result hence requires to take the local Coulomb interaction into account, revealing a temporal interplay between band formation, exchange interaction, and Coulomb repulsion. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2210.13162v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2210.13162v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 October, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Materials Research Letters 11, 655-661 (2023) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.09810">arXiv:2210.09810</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.09810">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2210.09810">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.167821">10.1016/j.nima.2022.167821 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Towards a New Generation of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Chauhan%2C+A">Ankur Chauhan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Viera%2C+M+D+R">Manuel Del Rio Viera</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Eckstein%2C+D">Doris Eckstein</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Feindt%2C+F">Finn Feindt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gregor%2C+I">Ingrid-Maria Gregor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Karsten Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Huth%2C+L">Lennart Huth</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mendes%2C+L">Larissa Mendes</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mulyanto%2C+B">Budi Mulyanto</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rastorguev%2C+D">Daniil Rastorguev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Reckleben%2C+C">Christian Reckleben</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Daza%2C+S+R">Sara Ruiz Daza</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Sch%C3%BCtze%2C+P">Paul Sch眉tze</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Simancas%2C+A">Adriana Simancas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Spannagel%2C+S">Simon Spannagel</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Stanitzki%2C+M">Marcel Stanitzki</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Velyka%2C+A">Anastasiia Velyka</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vignola%2C+G">Gianpiero Vignola</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Wennl%C3%B6f%2C+H">H氓kan Wennl枚f</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2210.09810v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A new generation of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS), produced in a 65 nm CMOS imaging process, promises higher densities of on-chip circuits and, for a given pixel size, more sophisticated in-pixel logic compared to larger feature size processes. MAPS are a cost-effective alternative to hybrid pixel sensors since flip-chip bonding is not required. In addition, they allow for significant red… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2210.09810v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2210.09810v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2210.09810v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A new generation of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS), produced in a 65 nm CMOS imaging process, promises higher densities of on-chip circuits and, for a given pixel size, more sophisticated in-pixel logic compared to larger feature size processes. MAPS are a cost-effective alternative to hybrid pixel sensors since flip-chip bonding is not required. In addition, they allow for significant reductions of the material budget of detector systems, due to the smaller physical thicknesses of the active sensor and the absence of a separate readout chip. The TANGERINE project develops a sensor suitable for future Higgs factories as well as for a beam telescope to be used at beam-test facilities. The sensors will have small collection electrodes (order of $渭$m) to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, which makes it possible to minimize power dissipation in the circuitry. The first batch of test chips, featuring full front-end amplifiers with Krummenacher feedback, was produced and tested at the Mainzer Mikrotron (MAMI) at the end of 2021. MAMI provides an electron beam with currents up to 100 $渭$A and an energy of 855 MeV. The analog output signal of the test chips was recorded with a high bandwidth oscilloscope and used to study the charge-sensitive amplifier of the chips in terms of waveform analysis. A beam telescope was used as a reference system to allow for track-based analysis of the recorded data. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2210.09810v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2210.09810v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 October, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">3 pages, 2 figures, presented at 15th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A 1047 (2023) 167821 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.05458">arXiv:2210.05458</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.05458">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2210.05458">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.013103">10.1103/PhysRevA.107.013103 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Single-photon hot electron ionization of C$_{70}$ </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Andersson%2C+%C3%85">脜ke Andersson</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Schio%2C+L">Luca Schio</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Richter%2C+R">Robert Richter</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alagia%2C+M">Michele Alagia</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Stranges%2C+S">Stefano Stranges</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Ferrari%2C+P">Piero Ferrari</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hansen%2C+K">Klavs Hansen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zhaunerchyk%2C+V">Vitali Zhaunerchyk</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2210.05458v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Gas phase C$_{70}$ molecules have been ionized with single photons of energies between 16 eV and 70 eV and the electron spectra measured with velocity map imaging in coincidence with the ions. The doubly ionized and unfragmented species was present at photon energies of 22 eV and up, and triply charged ions from 55 eV. The low kinetic energy parts of the spectra are explained with thermal emission… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2210.05458v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2210.05458v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2210.05458v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Gas phase C$_{70}$ molecules have been ionized with single photons of energies between 16 eV and 70 eV and the electron spectra measured with velocity map imaging in coincidence with the ions. The doubly ionized and unfragmented species was present at photon energies of 22 eV and up, and triply charged ions from 55 eV. The low kinetic energy parts of the spectra are explained with thermal emission of transient hot electrons. Deviations at high photon energies are used to determine a value for the initial electron equilibration time. We propose a generally applicable mechanism, named Resonance Ionization Shadowing, for the creation of hot electrons by absorption of above-threshold energy photons. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2210.05458v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2210.05458v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 October, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 7 figures</span> </p> </li> </ol> <nav class="pagination is-small is-centered breathe-horizontal" role="navigation" aria-label="pagination"> <a href="" class="pagination-previous is-invisible">Previous </a> <a 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