CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dynamic programming language - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0f338a06-85f2-467d-9375-d0ce82527101","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dynamic_programming_language","wgTitle":"Dynamic programming language","wgCurRevisionId":1259140879,"wgRevisionId": 1259140879,"wgArticleId":234079,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dynamic_programming_language","wgRelevantArticleId":234079,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym": "বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"es","autonym":"español","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw" ,"autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"it","autonym":"italiano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym": "Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nl","autonym":"Nederlands","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym": "ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pt","autonym":"português","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym": "संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"တႆး","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"syl","autonym":"ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}], "wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj", "ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","syl","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1268980","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dynamic programming language - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="tr"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SlmlLUpNCG8.O/am=gAE/d=1/rs=AN8SPfrVDwgQMj0EYXdUQwFqbkL3aXptKg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SlmlLUpNCG8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrVDwgQMj0EYXdUQwFqbkL3aXptKg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dynamic_programming_language rootpage-Dynamic_programming_language stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SlmlLUpNCG8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrVDwgQMj0EYXdUQwFqbkL3aXptKg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language" data-source-language="pl" data-target-language="tr" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Home </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Random?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Random </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dynamic+programming+language&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Dynamic+programming+language&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source%3Ddonate%26wmf_medium%3Dsidebar%26wmf_campaign%3Den.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Den%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dynamic programming language</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dynamic+programming+language&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style> <table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"> This article has multiple issues. Please help <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Dynamic programming language">improve it</a> or discuss these issues on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:Dynamic programming language">talk page</a>. (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>) <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This article's factual accuracy is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Disputed" title="Talk:Dynamic programming language">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>. (March 2012) (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This article may be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers. Please help <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the article</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:Dynamic programming language">the talk page</a>. (October 2009) (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> A dynamic programming language is a type of programming language that allows various operations to be determined and executed at runtime. This is different from the compilation phase. Key decisions about variables, method calls, or data types are made when the program is running, unlike in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Static_program_analysis?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Static program analysis">static languages</a>, where the structure and types are fixed during compilation. Dynamic languages provide flexibility. This allows developers to write more adaptable and concise code. For instance, in a dynamic language, a variable can start as an integer. It can later be reassigned to hold a string without explicit type declarations. This feature of dynamic typing enables more fluid and less restrictive coding. Developers can focus on the logic and functionality rather than the constraints of the language. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Implementation">1 Implementation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eval">1.1 Eval</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Object_runtime_alteration">1.2 Object runtime alteration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Type_inference">1.3 Type inference</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Variable_memory_allocation">1.4 Variable memory allocation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reflection">1.5 Reflection</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Macros">1.6 Macros</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Example_code">2 Example code</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Computation_of_code_at_runtime_and_late_binding">2.1 Computation of code at runtime and late binding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Object_runtime_alteration_2">2.2 Object runtime alteration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Assembling_of_code_at_runtime_based_on_the_class_of_instances">2.3 Assembling of code at runtime based on the class of instances</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Examples">3 Examples</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">4 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">5 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">6 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">7 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Implementation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DDynamic_programming_language%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D">adding to it</a>. (October 2009) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Eval">Eval</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Eval" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Some dynamic languages offer an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eval?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eval">eval</a> function. This function takes a string or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abstract syntax tree">abstract syntax tree</a> containing code in the language and executes it. If this code stands for an expression, the resulting value is returned. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erik_Meijer_(computer_scientist)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erik Meijer (computer scientist)">Erik Meijer</a> and Peter Drayton distinguish the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Runtime_code_generation?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime code generation">runtime code generation</a> offered by eval from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_loading?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynamic loading">dynamic loading</a> offered by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shared_libraries?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared libraries">shared libraries</a> and warn that in many cases eval is used merely to implement <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher-order_function?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher-order function">higher-order functions</a> (by passing functions as strings) or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deserialization?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Deserialization">deserialization</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Object_runtime_alteration">Object runtime alteration</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Object runtime alteration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> A type or object system can typically be modified during runtime in a dynamic language. This can mean generating new objects from a runtime definition or based on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mixin?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mixin">mixins</a> of existing types or objects. This can also refer to changing the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inheritance (object-oriented programming)">inheritance</a> or type tree, and thus altering the way that existing types behave (especially with respect to the invocation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Method_(computer_science)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Method (computer science)">methods</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Type_inference">Type inference</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Type inference" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As a lot of dynamic languages come with a dynamic type system, runtime inference of types based on values for internal interpretation marks a common task. As value types may change throughout interpretation, it is regularly used upon performing atomic operations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Variable_memory_allocation">Variable memory allocation</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Variable memory allocation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Static programming languages (possibly indirectly) require developers to define the size of utilized memory before compilation (unless working around with pointer logic). Consistent with object runtime alteration, dynamic languages implicitly need to (re-)allocate memory based on program individual operations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Reflection">Reflection</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Reflection" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reflection_(computer_science)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflection (computer science)">Reflection</a> is common in many dynamic languages, and typically involves <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Introspection_(computer_science)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Introspection (computer science)">analysis</a> of the types and metadata of generic or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Type_polymorphism?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Type polymorphism">polymorphic</a> data. It can, however, also include full evaluation and modification of a program's code as data, such as the features that Lisp provides in analyzing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S-expression?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="S-expression">S-expressions</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Macros">Macros</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Macros" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> A limited number of dynamic programming languages provide features which combine <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Code_introspection?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Code introspection">code introspection</a> (the ability to examine classes, functions, and keywords to know what they are, what they do and what they know) and eval in a feature called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macro (computer science)">macros</a>. Most programmers today who are aware of the term macro have encountered them in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C (programming language)">C</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%2B%2B?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C++">C++</a>, where they are a static feature which is built in a small subset of the language, and are capable only of string substitutions on the text of the program. In dynamic languages, however, they provide access to the inner workings of the compiler, and full access to the interpreter, virtual machine, or runtime, allowing the definition of language-like constructs which can optimize code or modify the syntax or grammar of the language. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assembly_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%2B%2B?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C++">C++</a>, early <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Java_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortran?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> do not generally fit into this category.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Example_code">Example code</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Example code" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The following examples show dynamic features using the language <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_Lisp?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a> and its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_Lisp_Object_System?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common Lisp Object System">Common Lisp Object System</a> (CLOS). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Computation_of_code_at_runtime_and_late_binding">Computation of code at runtime and late binding</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Computation of code at runtime and late binding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The example shows how a function can be modified at runtime from computed source code <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lisp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"> <pre>; the source code is stored as data in a variable CL-USER > (defparameter *best-guess-formula* '(lambda (x) (* x x 2.5))) *BEST-GUESS-FORMULA* ; a function is created from the code and compiled at runtime, the function is available under the name best-guess CL-USER > (compile 'best-guess *best-guess-formula*) #<Function 15 40600152F4> ; the function can be called CL-USER > (best-guess 10.3) 265.225 ; the source code might be improved at runtime CL-USER > (setf *best-guess-formula* `(lambda (x) ,(list 'sqrt (third *best-guess-formula*)))) (LAMBDA (X) (SQRT (* X X 2.5))) ; a new version of the function is being compiled CL-USER > (compile 'best-guess *best-guess-formula*) #<Function 16 406000085C> ; the next call will call the new function, a feature of late binding CL-USER > (best-guess 10.3) 16.28573 </pre> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Object_runtime_alteration_2">Object runtime alteration</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Object runtime alteration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> This example shows how an existing instance can be changed to include a new slot when its class changes and that an existing method can be replaced with a new version. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lisp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"> <pre>; a person class. The person has a name. CL-USER > (defclass person () ((name :initarg :name))) #<STANDARD-CLASS PERSON 4020081FB3> ; a custom printing method for the objects of class person CL-USER > (defmethod print-object ((p person) stream) (print-unreadable-object (p stream :type t) (format stream "~a" (slot-value p 'name)))) #<STANDARD-METHOD PRINT-OBJECT NIL (PERSON T) 4020066E5B> ; one example person instance CL-USER > (setf *person-1* (make-instance 'person :name "Eva Luator")) #<PERSON Eva Luator> ; the class person gets a second slot. It then has the slots name and age. CL-USER > (defclass person () ((name :initarg :name) (age :initarg :age :initform :unknown))) #<STANDARD-CLASS PERSON 4220333E23> ; updating the method to print the object CL-USER > (defmethod print-object ((p person) stream) (print-unreadable-object (p stream :type t) (format stream "~a age: ~" (slot-value p 'name) (slot-value p 'age)))) #<STANDARD-METHOD PRINT-OBJECT NIL (PERSON T) 402022ADE3> ; the existing object has now changed, it has an additional slot and a new print method CL-USER > *person-1* #<PERSON Eva Luator age: UNKNOWN> ; we can set the new age slot of instance CL-USER > (setf (slot-value *person-1* 'age) 25) 25 ; the object has been updated CL-USER > *person-1* #<PERSON Eva Luator age: 25> </pre> </div> let foo = 42; // foo is now a number foo = "bar"; // foo is now a string foo = true; // foo is now a boolean <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Assembling_of_code_at_runtime_based_on_the_class_of_instances">Assembling of code at runtime based on the class of instances</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Assembling of code at runtime based on the class of instances" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the next example, the class person gets a new superclass. The print method gets redefined such that it assembles several methods into the effective method. The effective method gets assembled based on the class of the argument and the at runtime available and applicable methods. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lisp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"> <pre>; the class person CL-USER > (defclass person () ((name :initarg :name))) #<STANDARD-CLASS PERSON 4220333E23> ; a person just prints its name CL-USER > (defmethod print-object ((p person) stream) (print-unreadable-object (p stream :type t) (format stream "~a" (slot-value p 'name)))) #<STANDARD-METHOD PRINT-OBJECT NIL (PERSON T) 40200605AB> ; a person instance CL-USER > (defparameter *person-1* (make-instance 'person :name "Eva Luator")) *PERSON-1* ; displaying a person instance CL-USER > *person-1* #<PERSON Eva Luator> ; now redefining the print method to be extensible ; the around method creates the context for the print method and it calls the next method CL-USER > (defmethod print-object :around ((p person) stream) (print-unreadable-object (p stream :type t) (call-next-method))) #<STANDARD-METHOD PRINT-OBJECT (:AROUND) (PERSON T) 4020263743> ; the primary method prints the name CL-USER > (defmethod print-object ((p person) stream) (format stream "~a" (slot-value p 'name))) #<STANDARD-METHOD PRINT-OBJECT NIL (PERSON T) 40202646BB> ; a new class id-mixin provides an id CL-USER > (defclass id-mixin () ((id :initarg :id))) #<STANDARD-CLASS ID-MIXIN 422034A7AB> ; the print method just prints the value of the id slot CL-USER > (defmethod print-object :after ((object id-mixin) stream) (format stream " ID: ~a" (slot-value object 'id))) #<STANDARD-METHOD PRINT-OBJECT (:AFTER) (ID-MIXIN T) 4020278E33> ; now we redefine the class person to include the mixin id-mixin CL-USER 241 > (defclass person (id-mixin) ((name :initarg :name))) #<STANDARD-CLASS PERSON 4220333E23> ; the existing instance *person-1* now has a new slot and we set it to 42 CL-USER 242 > (setf (slot-value *person-1* 'id) 42) 42 ; displaying the object again. The print-object function now has an effective method, which calls three methods: an around method, the primary method and the after method. CL-USER 243 > *person-1* #<PERSON Eva Luator ID: 42> </pre> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Popular dynamic programming languages include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Python_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PHP?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perl?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perl">Perl</a>. The following are generally considered dynamic languages: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ActionScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BeanShell?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BeanShell">BeanShell</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C# (using Reflection)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clojure?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CobolScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CobolScript">CobolScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ColdFusion_Markup_Language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ColdFusion Markup Language">ColdFusion Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_Lisp?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a> and most other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisps</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dylan_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dylan (programming language)">Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="E programming language">E</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elixir_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elixir (programming language)">Elixir</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forth (programming language)">FORTH</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gambas?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gambas">Gambas</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDScript">GDScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Java_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Java (programming language)">Java (using Reflection)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MATLAB?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> / <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GNU_Octave?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GNU Octave">Octave</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Objective-C?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Object_REXX?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Object REXX">ooRexx</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perl?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perl">Perl</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PHP?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PHP">PHP</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PowerShell?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prolog?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Python_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="R (programming language)">R</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raku_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raku (programming language)">Raku</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rebol?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rebol">Rebol</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ring_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ring (programming language)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smalltalk?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SuperCollider?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SuperCollider">SuperCollider</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tcl?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tcl">Tcl</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VBScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolfram_Language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolfram Language">Wolfram Language</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison of programming languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Name_binding?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Name binding">Name binding</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Von Neumann architecture">Von Neumann architecture</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeijer,_Erik_and_Peter_Drayton2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erik_Meijer_(computer_scientist)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erik Meijer (computer scientist)">Meijer, Erik</a> and Peter Drayton (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://people.dsv.su.se/~beatrice/DYPL/meijer_drayton.pdf">Static Typing Where Possible, Dynamic Typing When Needed: The End of the Cold War Between Programming Languages</a> (PDF), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> Corporation, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi%3D10.1.1.69.5966">10.1.1.69.5966</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Static+Typing+Where+Possible%2C+Dynamic+Typing+When+Needed%3A+The+End+of+the+Cold+War+Between+Programming+Languages&rft.pub=Microsoft+Corporation&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.69.5966%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Erik+and+Peter+Drayton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.dsv.su.se%2F~beatrice%2FDYPL%2Fmeijer_drayton.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/2.0.x/reference/dynamic-language.html">Chapter 24. Dynamic language support</a>. Static.springsource.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> < <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302111159/http://groovy.codehaus.org/">"Groovy - Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=http://groovy.codehaus.org/">the original</a> on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2014-03-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Groovy+-+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroovy.codehaus.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTratt2009" class="citation book cs1">Tratt, Laurence (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://tratt.net/laurie/research/pubs/html/tratt__dynamically_typed_languages/">Dynamically Typed Languages</a>. Advances in Computers. Vol. 77. pp. 149–184. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fs0065-2458%252809%252901205-4">10.1016/s0065-2458(09)01205-4</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780123748126?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780123748126"><bdi>9780123748126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynamically+Typed+Languages&rft.series=Advances+in+Computers&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E184&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0065-2458%2809%2901205-4&rft.isbn=9780123748126&rft.aulast=Tratt&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftratt.net%2Flaurie%2Fresearch%2Fpubs%2Fhtml%2Ftratt__dynamically_typed_languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> (Many use the term "scripting languages".) <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrechelt2002" class="citation journal cs1">Prechelt, Lutz (August 18, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://page.mi.fu-berlin.de/prechelt/Biblio/jccpprt2_advances2003.pdf">"Are Scripting Languages Any Good? A Validation of Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl against C, C++, and Java"</a> (PDF). Advances in Computers. 57: 205–270. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FS0065-2458%252803%252957005-X">10.1016/S0065-2458(03)57005-X</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780120121571?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780120121571"><bdi>9780120121571</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0065-2458">0065-2458</a>. Retrieved 2020-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Computers&rft.atitle=Are+Scripting+Languages+Any+Good%3F+A+Validation+of+Perl%2C+Python%2C+Rexx%2C+and+Tcl+against+C%2C+C%2B%2B%2C+and+Java&rft.volume=57&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.date=2002-08-18&rft.issn=0065-2458&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0065-2458%2803%2957005-X&rft.isbn=9780120121571&rft.aulast=Prechelt&rft.aufirst=Lutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpage.mi.fu-berlin.de%2Fprechelt%2FBiblio%2Fjccpprt2_advances2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBezroukov2013" class="citation web cs1">Bezroukov, Nikolai (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.softpanorama.org/Articles/a_slightly_skeptical_view_on_scripting_languages.shtml">"A Slightly Skeptical View on Scripting Languages"</a>. Softpanorama (2.1 ed.). Retrieved 2020-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Softpanorama&rft.atitle=A+Slightly+Skeptical+View+on+Scripting+Languages&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bezroukov&rft.aufirst=Nikolai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.softpanorama.org%2FArticles%2Fa_slightly_skeptical_view_on_scripting_languages.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall2007" class="citation speech cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Larry_Wall?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Larry Wall">Wall, Larry</a> (December 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.perl.com/pub/2007/12/06/soto-11.html/">Programming is Hard, Let's Go Scripting...</a> (Speech). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perl?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#State_of_the_Onion" title="Perl">State of the Onion</a> 11. Perl.com. Retrieved 2020-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Programming+is+Hard%2C+Let%27s+Go+Scripting...&rft.date=2007-12-06&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perl.com%2Fpub%2F2007%2F12%2F06%2Fsoto-11.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2007" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Gregor (November 20, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2077792/scripting-on-the-java-platform.html">"Scripting on the Java platform"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JavaWorld?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JavaWorld">JavaWorld</a>. Retrieved 2020-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JavaWorld&rft.atitle=Scripting+on+the+Java+platform&rft.date=2007-11-20&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Gregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoworld.com%2Farticle%2F2077792%2Fscripting-on-the-java-platform.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOusterhout1998" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Ousterhout?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Ousterhout">Ousterhout, John K.</a> (March 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727185732/http://www.stanfordlibrary.us/~ouster/cgi-bin/papers/scripting.pdf">"Scripting: Higher-Level Programming for the 21st Century"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Computer_(magazine)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Computer (magazine)">Computer</a>. Vol. 31, no. 3. pp. 23–30. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1109%252F2.660187">10.1109/2.660187</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-9162">0018-9162</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stanfordlibrary.us/~ouster/cgi-bin/papers/scripting.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2020-07-27. Retrieved 2020-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer&rft.atitle=Scripting%3A+Higher-Level+Programming+for+the+21st+Century&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=1998-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F2.660187&rft.issn=0018-9162&rft.aulast=Ousterhout&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanfordlibrary.us%2F~ouster%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpapers%2Fscripting.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.activestate.com/company/press/press-releases/activestate-announces-focus-dynamic-languages/">"ActiveState Announces Focus on Dynamic Languages"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ActiveState?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ActiveState">ActiveState</a>. July 26, 2004. Retrieved 2020-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ActiveState+Announces+Focus+on+Dynamic+Languages&rft.date=2004-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.activestate.com%2Fcompany%2Fpress%2Fpress-releases%2Factivestate-announces-focus-dynamic-languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAscher2004" class="citation web cs1">Ascher, David (July 27, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118035341/https://www.activestate.com/Corporate/Publications/ActiveState_Dynamic_Languages.pdf">"Dynamic Languages — ready for the next challenges, by design"</a> (PDF). Whitepapers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ActiveState?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ActiveState">ActiveState</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.activestate.com/Corporate/Publications/ActiveState_Dynamic_Languages.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2008-11-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dynamic+Languages+%E2%80%94+ready+for+the+next+challenges%2C+by+design&rft.pub=ActiveState&rft.date=2004-07-27&rft.aulast=Ascher&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.activestate.com%2FCorporate%2FPublications%2FActiveState_Dynamic_Languages.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAscher2004" class="citation web cs1">Ascher, David (July 27, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208121835/http://www.activestate.com/company/newsroom/whitepapers_ADL.plex">"Dynamic Languages — ready for the next challenges, by design"</a>. Whitepapers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ActiveState?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ActiveState">ActiveState</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.activestate.com/company/newsroom/whitepapers_ADL.plex">the original</a> on 2008-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dynamic+Languages+%E2%80%94+ready+for+the+next+challenges%2C+by+design&rft.pub=ActiveState&rft.date=2004-07-27&rft.aulast=Ascher&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.activestate.com%2Fcompany%2Fnewsroom%2Fwhitepapers_ADL.plex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynamic+programming+language" class="Z3988"></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DDynamic_programming_language%26oldid%3D1259140879">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&oldid=1259140879</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_programming_language&action=history&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 16:10 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="لغة برمجة ديناميكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة برمجة ديناميكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamik_proqramla%25C5%259Fd%25C4%25B1rma_dili" title="Dinamik proqramlaşdırma dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dinamik proqramlaşdırma dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2582_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="চলমান প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চলমান প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llenguatge_de_programaci%25C3%25B3_din%25C3%25A0mic" title="Llenguatge de programació dinàmic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llenguatge de programació dinàmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamick%25C3%25BD_programovac%25C3%25AD_jazyk" title="Dynamický programovací jazyk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dynamický programovací jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamische_Programmiersprache" title="Dynamische Programmiersprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dynamische Programmiersprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2594%25CF%2585%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CF%258E%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1_%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D" title="Δυναμική γλώσσα προγραμματισμού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναμική γλώσσα προγραμματισμού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D9%25BE%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="زبان برنامه‌نویسی پویا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان برنامه‌نویسی پویا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langage_de_programmation_dynamique" title="Langage de programmation dynamique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langage de programmation dynamique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%258F%2599%25EC%25A0%2581_%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%25A1%259C%25EA%25B7%25B8%25EB%259E%2598%25EB%25B0%258D_%25EC%2596%25B8%25EC%2596%25B4" title="동적 프로그래밍 언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동적 프로그래밍 언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman_dinamis" title="Bahasa pemrograman dinamis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa pemrograman dinamis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25AA%25D7%259B%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2593%25D7%2599%25D7%25A0%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="שפת תכנות דינמית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפת תכנות דינמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D2%2593%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583_%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596" title="Динамикалық бағдарламалау тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Динамикалық бағдарламалау тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258B%2595%25E7%259A%2584%25E3%2583%2597%25E3%2583%25AD%25E3%2582%25B0%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%259F%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B0%25E8%25A8%2580%25E8%25AA%259E" title="動的プログラミング言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="動的プログラミング言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamiczny_j%25C4%2599zyk_programowania" title="Dynamiczny język programowania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dynamiczny język programowania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Динамический язык программирования – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Динамический язык программирования" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Динамички програмски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Динамички програмски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D1%2596%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F" title="Динамічна мова програмування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Динамічна мова програмування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258A%25A8%25E6%2580%2581%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E8%25A8%2580" title="动态语言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="动态语言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 16:10 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=tr&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DDynamic_programming_language%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5fd4b9f45-ljbkj","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.361","walltime":"0.455","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1244,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":55020,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7020,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":67013,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 387.019 1 -total"," 23.34% 90.343 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.21% 78.201 1 Template:Types_of_programming_languages"," 19.70% 76.225 1 Template:Navbox"," 18.95% 73.349 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 18.30% 70.821 1 Template:Citation"," 17.58% 68.034 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.47% 52.125 3 Template:Ambox"," 12.26% 47.436 1 Template:Disputed"," 11.24% 43.503 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.229","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6109904,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84749c7844-p44tm","timestamp":"20250210045132","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dynamic programming language","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamic_programming_language","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1268980","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1268980","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-26T04:45:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T16:10:37Z","headline":"programming language that supports manipulating program constructs at runtime"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-mw-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('pl', 'tr', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>