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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C2%B7lector_d%27admissi%C3%B3" title="Col·lector d'admissió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Col·lector d'admissió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansaugstutzen" title="Ansaugstutzen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ansaugstutzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colector_de_admisi%C3%B3n" title="Colector de admisión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colector de admisión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecteur_d%27admission" title="Collecteur d'admission – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Collecteur d'admission" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89" title="インテークマニホールド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インテークマニホールド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolektor_dolotowy" title="Kolektor dolotowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolektor dolotowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colector_de_admisie" title="Colector de admisie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Colector de admisie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbera%C4%8D_nas%C3%A1vacieho_potrubia" title="Zberač nasávacieho potrubia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zberač nasávacieho potrubia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="دەکشنی چونەژوور – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەکشنی چونەژوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imusarja" title="Imusarja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Imusarja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emme_manifoldu" title="Emme manifoldu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Emme manifoldu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Впускний колектор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Впускний колектор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Automotive technology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Inlet_manifold" title="Special:EditPage/Inlet manifold">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Inlet+manifold%22">"Inlet manifold"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Inlet+manifold%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Inlet+manifold%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Inlet+manifold%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Inlet+manifold%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Inlet+manifold%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg/220px-1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg/330px-1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg/440px-1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Carburetors used as intake runners</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png/220px-Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png/330px-Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png/440px-Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png 2x" data-file-width="1105" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>A cutaway view of the intake of the original Fordson tractor (including the intake manifold, <a href="/wiki/Carburetor#Vaporizers" title="Carburetor">vaporizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">carburetor</a>, and fuel lines)</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>inlet manifold</b> or <b>intake manifold</b> (in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>) is the part of an <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a> that supplies the <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a> mixture to the <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i><a href="/wiki/Manifold_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifold (engineering)">manifold</a></i> comes from the Old English word <i>manigfeald</i> (from the Anglo-Saxon <i>manig</i> [many] and <i>feald</i> [repeatedly]) and refers to the multiplying of one (pipe) into many.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, an <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_manifold" title="Exhaust manifold">exhaust manifold</a> collects the <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas" title="Exhaust gas">exhaust gases</a> from multiple cylinders into a smaller number of pipes – often down to one pipe. </p><p>The primary function of the intake manifold is to <i>evenly</i> distribute the combustion mixture (or just air in a direct injection engine) to each intake port in the cylinder head(s). Even distribution is important to optimize the efficiency and performance of the engine. It may also serve as a mount for the carburetor, throttle body, fuel injectors and other components of the engine. </p><p>Due to the downward movement of the <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">pistons</a> and the restriction caused by the throttle valve, in a reciprocating <a href="/wiki/Spark_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark ignition">spark ignition</a> <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engine</a>, a partial <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a> (lower than <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a>) exists in the intake manifold. This <a href="/wiki/Manifold_vacuum" title="Manifold vacuum">manifold vacuum</a> can be substantial, and can be used as a source of <a href="/wiki/Automobile_ancillary_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile ancillary power">automobile ancillary power</a> to drive auxiliary systems: power assisted <a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">brakes</a>, emission control devices, <a href="/wiki/Cruise_control" title="Cruise control">cruise control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignition_system" title="Ignition system">ignition</a> advance, <a href="/wiki/Windshield_wiper" class="mw-redirect" title="Windshield wiper">windshield wipers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_window" title="Power window">power windows</a>, ventilation system valves, etc. </p><p>This vacuum can also be used to draw any piston blow-by gases from the engine's <a href="/wiki/Crankcase" title="Crankcase">crankcase</a>. This is known as a positive <a href="/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system" title="Crankcase ventilation system">crankcase ventilation system</a>, in which the gases are burned with the fuel/air mixture. </p><p>The intake manifold has historically been manufactured from <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> or cast iron, but use of composite plastic materials is gaining popularity (e.g. most Chrysler 4-cylinders, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Zetec_engine" title="Ford Zetec engine">Ford Zetec</a> 2.0, Duratec 2.0 and 2.3, and GM's <a href="/wiki/GM_Ecotec_engine" title="GM Ecotec engine">Ecotec</a> series). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turbulence">Turbulence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inlet_manifold&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Turbulence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">carburetor</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">fuel injectors</a> spray fuel droplets into the air in the manifold. Due to electrostatic forces and condensation from the boundary layer, some of the fuel will form into pools along the walls of the manifold, and due to surface tension of the fuel, small droplets may combine into larger droplets in the airstream. Both actions are undesirable because they create inconsistencies in the <a href="/wiki/Air-fuel_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-fuel ratio">air-fuel ratio</a>. Turbulence in the intake helps to break up fuel droplets, improving the degree of atomization. Better <a href="/wiki/Atomizer_nozzle" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomizer nozzle">atomization</a> allows for a more complete burn of all the fuel and helps reduce <a href="/wiki/Engine_knocking" title="Engine knocking">engine knock</a> by enlarging the flame front. To achieve this turbulence it is a common practice to leave the surfaces of the intake and intake ports in the cylinder head rough and unpolished. </p><p>Only a certain degree of turbulence is useful in the intake. Once the fuel is sufficiently atomized, additional turbulence causes unneeded pressure drops and a drop in engine performance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volumetric_efficiency">Volumetric efficiency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inlet_manifold&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Volumetric efficiency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Inlet_manifold" title="Special:EditPage/Inlet manifold">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head_porting" title="Cylinder head porting">Cylinder head porting</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manifold_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Manifold_comparison.jpg/220px-Manifold_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Manifold_comparison.jpg/330px-Manifold_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Manifold_comparison.jpg/440px-Manifold_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of a stock intake manifold for a Volkswagen <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines#1.8_R4_20vT_110-221kW" title="List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines">1.8T</a> engine (top) to a custom-built one used in competition (bottom). In the custom-built manifold, the runners to the intake ports on the cylinder head are much wider and more gently tapered. This difference improves the <a href="/wiki/Volumetric_efficiency" title="Volumetric efficiency">volumetric efficiency</a> of the engine's fuel/air intake.</figcaption></figure> <p>The design and orientation of the intake manifold is a major factor in the <a href="/wiki/Volumetric_efficiency" title="Volumetric efficiency">volumetric efficiency</a> of an engine. Abrupt contour changes provoke pressure drops, resulting in less air (and/or fuel) entering the combustion chamber; high-performance manifolds have smooth contours and gradual transitions between adjacent segments. </p><p>Modern intake manifolds usually employ <i>runners</i>, individual tubes extending to each intake port on the cylinder head which emanate from a central volume or "plenum" beneath the carburetor. The purpose of the runner is to take advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_resonance" title="Helmholtz resonance">Helmholtz resonance</a> property of air. Air flows at considerable speed through the open valve. When the valve closes, the air that has not yet entered the valve still has a lot of momentum and compresses against the valve, creating a pocket of high pressure. This high-pressure air begins to equalize with lower-pressure air in the manifold. Due to the air's inertia, the equalization will tend to oscillate: At first the air in the runner will be at a lower pressure than the manifold. The air in the manifold then tries to equalize back into the runner, and the oscillation repeats. This process occurs at the speed of sound, and in most manifolds travels up and down the runner many times before the valve opens again. </p><p>The smaller the cross-sectional area of the runner, the higher the pressure changes on resonance for a given airflow. This aspect of Helmholtz resonance reproduces one result of the <a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">Venturi effect</a>. When the piston accelerates downwards, the pressure at the output of the intake runner is reduced. This low pressure pulse runs to the input end, where it is converted into an over-pressure pulse. This pulse travels back through the runner and rams air through the valve. The valve then closes. </p><p>To harness the full power of the Helmholtz resonance effect, the opening of the intake valve must be timed correctly, otherwise the pulse could have a negative effect. This poses a very difficult problem for engines, since valve timing is dynamic and based on engine speed, whereas the pulse timing is static and dependent on the length of the intake runner and the speed of sound. The traditional solution has been to tune the length of the intake runner for a specific engine speed where maximum performance is desired. However, modern technology has given rise to a number of solutions involving electronically controlled valve timing (for example <a href="/wiki/Valvetronic" title="Valvetronic">Valvetronic</a>), and dynamic intake geometry (see below). </p><p>As a result of "resonance tuning", some naturally aspirated intake systems operate at a volumetric efficiency above 100%: the air pressure in the combustion chamber before the compression stroke is greater than the atmospheric pressure. In combination with this intake manifold design feature, the exhaust manifold design, as well as the exhaust valve opening time can be so calibrated as to achieve greater evacuation of the cylinder. The exhaust manifolds achieve a vacuum in the cylinder just before the piston reaches top dead center.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The opening inlet valve can then—at typical compression ratios—fill 10% of the cylinder before beginning downward travel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Instead of achieving higher pressure in the cylinder, the inlet valve can stay open after the piston reaches bottom dead center while the air still flows in.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (February 2009)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In some engines the intake runners are straight for minimal resistance. In most engines, however, the runners have curves, some very convoluted to achieve desired runner length. These turns allow for a more compact manifold, with denser packaging of the whole engine, as a result. Also, these "snaked" runners are needed for some variable length/ split runner designs, and allow the size of the <a href="/wiki/Plenum_space" title="Plenum space">plenum</a> to be reduced. In an engine with at least six cylinders the averaged intake flow is nearly constant and the plenum volume can be smaller. To avoid standing waves within the plenum it is made as compact as possible. The intake runners each use a smaller part of the plenum surface than the inlet, which supplies air to the plenum, for aerodynamic reasons. Each runner is placed to have nearly the same distance to the main inlet. Runners whose cylinders fire close after each other, are not placed as neighbors. </p><p>In <b>180-degree intake manifolds</b>, originally designed for carburetor V8 engines, the two plane, the split plenum intake manifold separates the intake pulses which the manifold experiences by 180 degrees in the firing order. This minimizes interference of one cylinder's pressure waves with those of another, giving better torque from smooth mid-range flow. Such manifolds may have been originally designed for either two- or four-barrel carburetors, but now are used with both throttle-body and <a href="/wiki/Multi-point_fuel_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-point fuel injection">multi-point fuel injection</a>. An example of the latter is the <a href="/wiki/Honda_J_engine" title="Honda J engine">Honda J engine</a> which converts to a single plane manifold around 3500 rpm for greater peak flow and horsepower. </p><p>Older <b>heat riser</b> manifolds with 'wet runners' for carbureted engines used exhaust gas diversion through the intake manifold to provide vaporizing heat. The amount of exhaust gas flow diversion was controlled by a heat riser valve in the exhaust manifold, and employed a <a href="/wiki/Bimetallic_strip" title="Bimetallic strip">bi-metallic spring</a> which changed tension according to the heat in the manifold. Today's fuel-injected engines do not require such devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variable-length_intake_manifold">Variable-length intake manifold</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inlet_manifold&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variable-length intake manifold"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold" title="Variable-length intake manifold">Variable-length intake manifold</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lower-intake-manifold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lower-intake-manifold.jpg/220px-Lower-intake-manifold.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lower-intake-manifold.jpg/330px-Lower-intake-manifold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lower-intake-manifold.jpg/440px-Lower-intake-manifold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Lower intake manifold on a 1999 Mazda Miata <a href="/wiki/Mazda_B_engine#BP-4W" title="Mazda B engine">engine</a>, showing components of a variable length intake system.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>variable-length intake manifold</b> (<b>VLIM</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a> manifold technology. Four common implementations exist. First, two discrete intake runners with different length are employed, and a butterfly valve can close the short path. Second the intake runners can be bent around a common plenum, and a sliding valve separates them from the plenum with a variable length. Straight high-speed runners can receive plugs, which contain small long runner extensions. The plenum of a 6- or 8-cylinder engine can be parted into halves, with the even firing cylinders in one half and the odd firing cylinders in the other part. Both sub-plenums and the air intake are connected to an Y (sort of main plenum). The air oscillates between both sub-plenums, with a large pressure oscillation there, but a constant pressure at the main plenum. Each runner from a sub plenum to the main plenum can be changed in length. For V engines this can be implemented by parting a single large plenum at high engine speed by means of sliding valves into it when speed is reduced. </p><p>As the name implies, VLIM can vary the length of the intake tract in order to optimize <a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a>, as well as provide better <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a>. </p><p>There are two main effects of variable intake geometry: </p> <ul><li><b>Venturi effect</b>: At low <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a>, the speed of the airflow is increased by directing the air through a path with limited capacity (cross-sectional area). The larger path opens when the load increases so that a greater amount of air can enter the chamber. In <a href="/wiki/Dual_overhead_cam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual overhead cam">dual overhead cam</a> (DOHC) designs, the air paths are often connected to separate <a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">intake valves</a> so the shorter path can be excluded by deactivating the intake valve itself.</li> <li><b>Pressurization</b>: A <a href="/wiki/Engine_tuning" title="Engine tuning">tuned</a> intake path can have a light pressurizing effect similar to a low-pressure <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharger</a> due to Helmholtz resonance. However, this effect occurs only over a narrow engine speed range which is directly influenced by intake length. A variable intake can create two or more pressurized "hot spots." When the intake air speed is higher, the dynamic pressure pushing the air (and/or mixture) inside the engine is increased. The dynamic pressure is proportional to the square of the inlet air speed, so by making the passage narrower or longer the speed/dynamic pressure is increased.</li></ul> <p>Many automobile manufacturers use similar technology with different names. Another common term for this technology is <b>variable resonance induction system</b> (<b>VRIS</b>). <span class="anchor" id="Vehicles_using_variable_intake_geometry"></span><span class="anchor" id="Vehicles"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#99FF99; text-align:left;">Vehicles using variable intake geometry</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>: 2.8-liter V6 gas engine (1991–98); 3.6- and 4.2-liter V8 engines, 1987–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a>: 2.0 TwinSpark 16v - 155 ps(114 kW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>: <b>DISA</b> and <b>DIVA</b> systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a>: 2.0 A588 – ECH (2001–2005) used in the 2001–2005 model year Dodge Neon R/T</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 360 Modena">360 Modena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_550_Maranello" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 550 Maranello">550 Maranello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <b>VIS</b> (<b>Variable-resonance Intake System</b>): on their 2.9-liter 24V Cosworth (BOB) based on the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Cologne_V6_engine" title="Ford Cologne V6 engine">Ford Cologne V6 engine</a> in the later model <a href="/wiki/Ford_Scorpio" title="Ford Scorpio">Ford Scorpio</a></li> <li>Ford <b>DSI</b> (<b>dual-stage intake</b>): on their <a href="/wiki/Duratec" class="mw-redirect" title="Duratec">Duratec</a> 2.5- and 3.0-liter V6s and it was also found on the <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamaha Motor Corporation">Yamaha</a> V6 in the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus" title="Ford Taurus">Taurus SHO</a></li> <li>Ford: The <a href="/wiki/Ford_Modular_engine" title="Ford Modular engine">Ford Modular V8 engines</a> sport either the Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) for 4V engines, or the Charge Motion Control Valve (CMCV) for 3V engines.</li> <li>Ford: The <a href="/wiki/Ford_CVH_engine#2.0" title="Ford CVH engine">2.0L Split Port</a> engine in the Ford Escort and Mercury Tracer feature an Intake Manifold Runner Control variable geometry intake manifold.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>: 3.9L <a href="/wiki/GM_High_Value_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM High Value Engine">LZ8/LZ9</a> V6, 3.2L <a href="/wiki/GM_54-Degree_V6_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM 54-Degree V6 engine">LA3</a> V6, and the 4.3L <a href="/w/index.php?title=LF4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LF4 (page does not exist)">LF4</a> V6 in some second generation S10s and Sonomas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Daewoo" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Daewoo">GM Daewoo</a>: DOHC versions of <a href="/wiki/E-TEC_II" class="mw-redirect" title="E-TEC II">E-TEC II</a> engines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alloytec" class="mw-redirect" title="Alloytec">Alloytec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>: <a href="/wiki/Honda_Integra" title="Honda Integra">Integra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda_Legend" title="Honda Legend">Legend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda_NSX" title="Honda NSX">NSX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda_Prelude" title="Honda Prelude">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_XG" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyundai XG">XG</a> V6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Rodeo" title="Isuzu Rodeo">Isuzu Rodeo</a>, used in the second generation V6, 3.2L (6VD1) Rodeos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguar (car)">Jaguar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_AJ-V6_engine" title="Jaguar AJ-V6 engine">AJ-V6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancia" title="Lancia">Lancia</a>: <b>VIS</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a>: <b>VICS</b> (<b>variable inertia charging system</b>) is used on the <a href="/wiki/Mazda_FE-DOHC_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazda FE-DOHC engine">Mazda FE-DOHC engine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mazda_B_engine" title="Mazda B engine">Mazda B engine</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Straight-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-4">straight-4s</a>, and VRIS (variable resistance induction system) in the <a href="/wiki/Mazda_K_engine" title="Mazda K engine">Mazda K engine</a> family of <a href="/wiki/V6" class="mw-redirect" title="V6">V6</a> engines. An updated version of this technology is employed on the new <a href="/wiki/Mazda_Z_engine" title="Mazda Z engine">Mazda Z engine</a>, which is also used by Ford as the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Duratec_engine" title="Ford Duratec engine">Duratec</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a>: <a href="/wiki/MG_ZS_180" class="mw-redirect" title="MG ZS 180">MG ZS 180</a> <a href="/wiki/MG_ZT" title="MG ZT">MG ZT</a> 160, 180 and 190</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>: <b>Cyclone</b> is used on the 2.0L I4 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_4G63_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi 4G63 engine">4G63</a> engine family.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a>: I4, V6, V8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> (or Vauxhall): <b>TwinPort</b> – modern versions of <a href="/wiki/Ecotec_Family_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecotec Family 1">Ecotec Family 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecotec_Family_0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecotec Family 0">Ecotec Family 0</a> straight-4 engines; a similar technology is used in <a href="/wiki/GM_54-Degree_V6_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM 54-Degree V6 engine">3.2 L 54° V6</a> engine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a>: 2.2 L I4, 3.0 L V6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>: <b>VarioRam</b> – <a href="/wiki/Porsche_964" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche 964">964</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche_993" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche 993">993</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche_996" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche 996">996</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Boxster">Boxster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(carmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (carmaker)">Proton</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Campro_engine#Campro_CPS_and_VIM_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Campro engine">Campro CPS and VIM</a></b> – <a href="/wiki/Proton_Gen-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton Gen-2">Proton Gen-2 CPS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proton_Waja" title="Proton Waja">Proton Waja CPS</a>; Proton <b><a href="/wiki/Campro_engine#Campro_IAFM_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Campro engine">Campro IAFM</a></b> – 2008 <a href="/wiki/Proton_Saga" title="Proton Saga">Proton Saga</a> 1.3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a>: <a href="/wiki/Renault_Clio" title="Renault Clio">Clio 2.0RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rover_623" class="mw-redirect" title="Rover 623">Rover 623</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rover_825" class="mw-redirect" title="Rover 825">Rover 825</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rover_75" title="Rover 75">Rover 75</a> v6, <a href="/wiki/Rover_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Rover 45">Rover 45</a> v6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Legacy_(first_generation)#Engines" title="Subaru Legacy (first generation)">Subaru Legacy</a> 1989–1994 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Domestic_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Domestic Market">JDM</a> EJ20 2.0-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve flat-4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_SVX#Engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Subaru SVX">Subaru SVX</a> 1992–1997 EG33 3.3-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 24-valve flat-6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Legacy_(third_generation)#Engines" title="Subaru Legacy (third generation)">Subaru Legacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Impreza#Engines" title="Subaru Impreza">Subaru Impreza</a> 1999–2001 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Domestic_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Domestic Market">JDM</a> EJ20 2.0-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve flat-4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/T-VIS" title="T-VIS">T-VIS</a></b> – (<b>Toyota Variable Induction System</b>) used in the early versions of the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_S_engine#3S-GE" title="Toyota S engine">3S-GE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_M_engine#7M-GE" title="Toyota M engine">7M-GE</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toyota_4A-GE" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota 4A-GE">4A-GE</a> engines, and <b><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_Control_Induction_System" title="Acoustic Control Induction System">ACIS</a></b> (acoustic control induction system)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>: 1.6 L I4, <a href="/wiki/VR6" class="mw-redirect" title="VR6">VR6</a>, <a href="/wiki/W8_engine" title="W8 engine">W8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a>: <b>VVIS</b> (<b>Volvo variable induction system</b>) – <a href="/wiki/Volvo_Modular_engine" title="Volvo Modular engine">Volvo B5254S and B5204S engines</a> as found on the <a href="/wiki/Volvo_850" title="Volvo 850">Volvo 850</a> vehicles. Longer inlet ducts used between 1500 and 4100 rpm at 80% load or higher.<sup id="cite_ref-volvoclub_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volvoclub-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inlet_manifold&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head_porting" title="Cylinder head porting">Cylinder head porting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_parts" title="List of auto parts">List of auto parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusible_core_injection_molding" title="Fusible core injection molding">Fusible core injection molding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inlet_manifold&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Intake_manifolds" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Intake manifolds">Intake manifolds</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stateofspeed.com/2018/11/10/what-is-an-intake-manifold/">"What Is an Intake Manifold? • STATE OF SPEED"</a>. <i>STATE OF SPEED</i>. 2018-11-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=STATE+OF+SPEED&rft.atitle=What+Is+an+Intake+Manifold%3F+%E2%80%A2+STATE+OF+SPEED&rft.date=2018-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstateofspeed.com%2F2018%2F11%2F10%2Fwhat-is-an-intake-manifold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInlet+manifold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">manifold, (adv.) "in the proportion of many to one, by many times". AD1526 <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-volvoclub-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-volvoclub_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/850GLT-EngineTechInfo.pdf">Volvoclub UK: 850GLT Engine Info</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines126" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template talk:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines126" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configurations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_engine" title="Axial engine">Axial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish steam engine">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotative_beam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotative beam engine">Rotative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourke_engine" title="Bourke engine">Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_engine" title="Cam engine">Cam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camless_piston_engine" title="Camless piston engine">Camless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-acting cylinder">Double-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-piston_engine" title="Free-piston engine">Free-piston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stelzer_engine" title="Stelzer engine">Stelzer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemi_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemi engine">Hemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_cylinder_head" title="Heron cylinder head">Heron head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOE_engine" title="IOE engine">Intake over exhaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine" title="Oscillating cylinder steam engine">Oscillating cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposed-piston_engine" title="Opposed-piston engine">Opposed-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pent-roof_combustion_chamber" title="Pent-roof combustion chamber">Pentroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-acting cylinder">Single-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_cycle_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Split cycle engine">Split cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing-piston_engine" title="Swing-piston engine">Swing-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniflow_steam_engine" title="Uniflow steam engine">Uniflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_wedge_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler wedge engine">Wedge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke cycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-stroke_engine" title="Five-stroke engine">Five-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-stroke_engine" title="Six-stroke engine">Six-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines" title="Two- and four-stroke engines">Two-and four-stroke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Cylinder layouts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Inline / straight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">I1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twin_engine" title="Straight-twin engine">I2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-three_engine" title="Straight-three engine">I3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">I4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-five_engine" title="Straight-five engine">I5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">I6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-seven_engine" title="Straight-seven engine">I7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-eight_engine" title="Straight-eight engine">I8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-nine_engine" title="Straight-nine engine">I9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twelve_engine" title="Straight-twelve engine">I12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-fourteen_engine" title="Straight-fourteen engine">I14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat / boxer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twin_engine" title="Flat-twin engine">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">F4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-six_engine" title="Flat-six engine">F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-eight_engine" title="Flat-eight engine">F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-ten_engine" title="Flat-ten engine">F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">F12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-sixteen_engine" title="Flat-sixteen engine">F16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V / Vee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-twin_engine" title="V-twin engine">V2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V3_engine" title="V3 engine">V3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V4_engine" title="V4 engine">V4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V5_engine" title="V5 engine">V5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR5_engine" title="VR5 engine">VR5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR6_engine" title="VR6 engine">VR6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V10_engine" title="V10 engine">V10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V14_engine" title="V14 engine">V14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V16_engine" title="V16 engine">V16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V18_engine" title="V18 engine">V18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V20_engine" title="V20 engine">V20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V24_engine" title="V24 engine">V24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W3_engines" title="W engine">W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W6_engines" title="W engine">W6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W8_engine" title="W8 engine">W8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W12_engine" title="W12 engine">W12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W16_engine" title="W16 engine">W16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W18_engine" title="W18 engine">W18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W24_engine" title="W engine">W24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W30_engine" title="W engine">W30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Deltic" title="Napier Deltic">Deltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">Radial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-single_engine" title="Split-single engine">Split-single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_engine" title="U engine">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_engine" title="X engine">X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internal_combustion_engine562" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internal_combustion_engine" title="Template:Internal combustion engine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internal_combustion_engine" title="Template talk:Internal combustion engine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internal_combustion_engine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internal combustion engine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internal_combustion_engine562" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion engine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobile</a> series</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_block" title="Engine block">Engine block</a> and<br /> rotating assembly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_shaft" title="Balance shaft">Balance shaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_heater" title="Block heater">Block heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(engine)" title="Bore (engine)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">Connecting rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankcase" title="Crankcase">Crankcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system" title="Crankcase ventilation system">Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankpin" title="Crankpin">Crankpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_plug" title="Core plug">Core plug (freeze plug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">Cylinder</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cylinder_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder bank">bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">layout</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_displacement" title="Engine displacement">Displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">Flywheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_order" title="Firing order">Firing order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_bearing" title="Main bearing">Main bearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_ring" title="Piston ring">Piston ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_ring_gear" title="Starter ring gear">Starter ring gear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valvetrain" title="Valvetrain">Valvetrain</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">Cylinder head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve (pushrod) layout</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tappet" title="Tappet">Tappet / lifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camshaft" title="Camshaft">Camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_(mechanical_engineering)" title="Chest (mechanical engineering)">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">Combustion chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_ratio" title="Compression ratio">Compression ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_gasket" title="Head gasket">Head gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_arm" title="Rocker arm">Rocker arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timing_belt_(camshaft)" title="Timing belt (camshaft)">Timing belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forced_induction" title="Forced induction">Forced induction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowoff_valve" title="Blowoff valve">Blowoff valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_controller" title="Boost controller">Boost controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercooler" title="Intercooler">Intercooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">Supercharger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">Turbocharger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fuel system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Petrol engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">Carburetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_filter" title="Fuel filter">Fuel filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">Fuel injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_pump" title="Fuel pump">Fuel pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">Fuel tank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ignition_system" title="Ignition system">Ignition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">Magneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression ignition">Compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coil-on-plug_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Coil-on-plug ignition">Coil-on-plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributor" title="Distributor">Distributor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glow_plug_(diesel_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glow plug (diesel engine)">Glow plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_coil" title="Ignition coil">Ignition coil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">Spark plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_plug_wires" title="Spark plug wires">Spark plug wires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Engine management</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engine_control_unit" title="Engine control unit">Engine control unit (ECU)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Electrical system</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)" title="Alternator (automotive)">Alternator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_battery" title="Automotive battery">Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_(engine)" title="Starter (engine)">Starter motor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intake system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbox" title="Airbox">Airbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_filter#Internal_combustion_engine_air_filters" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator" title="Idle air control actuator">Idle air control actuator</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inlet manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAP_sensor" title="MAP sensor">MAP sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor" title="Mass flow sensor">MAF sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throttle" title="Throttle">Throttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor" title="Throttle position sensor">Throttle position sensor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_system" title="Exhaust system">Exhaust system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">Catalytic converter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter" title="Diesel particulate filter">Diesel particulate filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge" title="Exhaust gas temperature gauge">EGT sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_manifold" title="Exhaust manifold">Exhaust manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muffler" title="Muffler">Muffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_sensor#Automotive_applications" title="Oxygen sensor">Oxygen sensor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling" title="Internal combustion engine cooling">Cooling system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_cooling" title="Air cooling">Air cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_cooling" title="Water cooling">Water cooling</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">Electric fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engine_knocking" title="Engine knocking">Knocking / pinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_band" title="Power band">Power band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redline" title="Redline">Redline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratified_charge_engine" title="Stratified charge engine">Stratified charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_centre_(engineering)" title="Dead centre (engineering)">Top dead centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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