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href="#1979–1989"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1979–1989</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1979–1989-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990–1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1990–1999</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>After 2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> 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<li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="كلايتون كريستنسن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلايتون كريستنسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_M._Christensen" title="Clayton M. Christensen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Clayton M. Christensen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_M._Christensen" title="Clayton M. Christensen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Clayton M. Christensen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_M._Christensen" title="Clayton M. Christensen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clayton M. Christensen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_Christensen" title="Clayton Christensen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Clayton Christensen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="קלייטון כריסטנסן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלייטון כריסטנסן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="كلايتون كريستنسن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلايتون كريستنسن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3" title="クレイトン・クリステンセン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クレイトン・クリステンセン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_M._Christensen" title="Clayton M. Christensen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Clayton M. Christensen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_Christensen" title="Clayton Christensen – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Clayton Christensen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_M._Christensen" title="Clayton M. Christensen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clayton M. Christensen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кристенсен, Клейтон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кристенсен, Клейтон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_Christensen" title="Clayton Christensen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Clayton Christensen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Clayton Christensen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Clayton_Christensen_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Clayton_Christensen_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/220px-Clayton_Christensen_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Clayton_Christensen_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/330px-Clayton_Christensen_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Clayton_Christensen_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/440px-Clayton_Christensen_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4341" data-file-height="3337" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Christensen at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> Annual Meeting in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Clayton Magleby Christensen</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1952-04-06</span>)</span>April 6, 1952<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 23, 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-01-23)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">Queen's College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Philosophy" title="Master of Philosophy">M.Phil.</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration" title="Doctor of Business Administration">DBA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">"Disruption" and "<a href="/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">disruptive innovation</a>" concepts<br /><i><a href="/wiki/The_Innovator%27s_Dilemma" title="The Innovator's Dilemma">The Innovator's Dilemma</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.claytonchristensen.com">www<wbr />.claytonchristensen<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Clayton Magleby Christensen</b> (April 6, 1952 – January 23, 2020) was an American academic and business consultant who developed the theory of "<a href="/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">disruptive innovation</a>", which has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-econom_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econom-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christensen introduced "disruption" in his 1997 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Innovator%27s_Dilemma" title="The Innovator's Dilemma">The Innovator's Dilemma</a></i>, and it led <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> to term him "the most influential <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a> thinker of his time."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as the <a href="/wiki/Kim_B._Clark" title="Kim B. Clark">Kim B. Clark</a> Professor of <a href="/wiki/Business_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Administration">Business Administration</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> (HBS), and was also a leader and writer in <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church).<sup id="cite_ref-DeseretObit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeseretObit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the founders of the Jobs to Be Done development methodology.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christensen was also a co-founder of Rose Park Advisors, a <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> firm, and <a href="/wiki/Innosight" title="Innosight">Innosight</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Management_consulting" title="Management consulting">management consulting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Investment" title="Investment">investment</a> firm specializing in <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sweek_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clayton Christensen was born on April 6, 1952, in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, the second of eight children born to Robert M. Christensen (1926–1976) and his wife, Verda Mae Christensen (<i>née</i> Fuller; 1922–2004).<sup id="cite_ref-dg_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Park,_Salt_Lake_City" title="Rose Park, Salt Lake City">Rose Park</a> neighborhood of Salt Lake City and attended <a href="/wiki/West_High_School_(Utah)" title="West High School (Utah)">West High School</a>, where he was student body president.<sup id="cite_ref-dg_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also an avid <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> player at 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) tall. Christensen and his siblings were raised as members of the LDS Church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brigham_Young_University">Brigham Young University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brigham Young University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from high school in 1970, Christensen was accepted to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> (BYU). He "decided to make the decision a matter of prayer" and felt a "clear impression" to attend BYU, which had awarded him a full scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-gardner_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gardner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christensen majored in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, and was classmates in his first-year economics course with future U.S. presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> and future HBS dean Kim B. Clark.<sup id="cite_ref-gardner_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gardner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at BYU, he took a two-year leave of absence from 1971 to 1973 to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Mormon_missionary" title="Mormon missionary">full-time missionary</a> for the LDS Church. He was assigned to serve in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and became a fluent speaker of <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>. Christensen returned to BYU after completing his missionary service, and in 1975 graduated <i><a href="/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">summa cum laude</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/University_Honors" class="mw-redirect" title="University Honors">honors</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">bachelor's degree</a> in economics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxford_University">Oxford University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oxford University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following graduation from BYU, Christensen was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a> and spent two years studying <a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">applied econometrics</a> at Oxford University's <a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">Queen's College</a>, receiving a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Philosophy" title="Master of Philosophy">master's degree</a> in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-gardner_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gardner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at Oxford, Christensen was the starting <a href="/wiki/Center_(basketball)" title="Center (basketball)">center</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Men%27s_Basketball" title="Oxford University Men's Basketball">men's basketball team</a>, winning back-to-back British University Sports Federation championships in 1975 and 1976 and the English Basketball Association's national championship for non-league teams in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-byued_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byued-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvard_University">Harvard University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Harvard University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once Christensen completed his degree program at Oxford, he returned to the United States to attend HBS where he received an <a href="/wiki/MBA" class="mw-redirect" title="MBA">MBA</a> with high distinction in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later returned to Harvard for his doctoral study in business, receiving a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration" title="Doctor of Business Administration">Doctor of Business Administration</a> degree in 1992. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1979–1989"><span id="1979.E2.80.931989"></span>1979–1989</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1979–1989"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After receiving an MBA in 1979, Christensen began working for <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a> (BCG) as a consultant and project manager.<sup id="cite_ref-dg_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, he was named a <a href="/wiki/White_House_Fellows" title="White House Fellows">White House Fellow</a> and took a one-year leave of absence from BCG to work in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> as an assistant to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">United States Secretary of Transportation</a>, serving under both <a href="/wiki/Drew_Lewis" title="Drew Lewis">Drew Lewis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a>. In 1984, he and several professors from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> founded an advanced <a href="/wiki/Ceramics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramics">ceramics</a> company named Ceramics Process Systems Corporation (now known as CPS Technologies). Christensen served as its president and CEO through the late 1980s until he decided to leave the company to pursue a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration" title="Doctor of Business Administration">Doctor of Business Administration</a> degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–1999"><span id="1990.E2.80.931999"></span>1990–1999</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1990–1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing his doctoral study, Christensen joined the HBS faculty and set a record by achieving the rank of full <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> in only six years.<sup id="cite_ref-dg_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At HBS, he taught an elective course he designed named "Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise", which teaches how to build and manage an enduring, successful company or transform an existing organization. He also taught in many of the school's executive education programs. Christensen was awarded a full professorship with tenure in 1998 and held eight <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorates" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorates">honorary doctorates</a> and an honorary chaired professorship at the <a href="/wiki/National_Tsinghua_University" class="mw-redirect" title="National Tsinghua University">National Tsinghua University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drfd.hbs.edu_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drfd.hbs.edu-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_2000">After 2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: After 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000, he founded Innosight LLC,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a consulting and training firm. In 2005, together with his colleagues at Innosight, he launched Innosight Ventures, a venture firm focused on investing in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. In 2007, he co-founded Rose Park Advisors LLC (named after the neighborhood in Salt Lake City where he grew up), an investment company that applies his research as an investment strategy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He served on the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata</a> Consultancy Services (NSE: TCS), Franklin Covey (NYSE: FC), and the <a href="/wiki/Becket_Law" title="Becket Law">Becket Fund for Religious Liberty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served for a time on the editorial board of the <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DeseretObit_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeseretObit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christensen was the best-selling author of ten books, including his seminal work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Innovator%27s_Dilemma" title="The Innovator's Dilemma">The Innovator's Dilemma</a></i> (1997), which received the Global Business Book Award for the best business book of the year. One of the main concepts depicted in this book is also his most disseminated and famous one: <a href="/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">disruptive innovation</a>. The concept has been growing in interest over time since 2004, according to Google Trends data. However, due to constant misinterpretation, Christensen often wrote articles trying to explain the concept even further. Some of his other books are focused on specific industries and discuss social issues such as education and health care. <i>Disrupting Class</i> (2008) looks at the root causes of why schools struggle and offers solutions, while <i>The Innovator's Prescription</i> (2009) examines how to fix the American healthcare system. The latter two books received numerous awards as the best books on education and health care in their respective years of publication. <i>The Innovator's Prescription</i> was also awarded the 2010 James A. Hamilton Award, by the College of Healthcare Executives.<sup id="cite_ref-drfd.hbs.edu_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drfd.hbs.edu-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Christensen predicted that “50 percent of the 4,000 colleges and universities in the U.S. will be bankrupt in 10 to 15 years.”<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After returning to the United States from his LDS Church mission to South Korea, Christensen began serving with the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> in a variety of roles. Over a period of 25 years, he served as scoutmaster, cub master, den leader, and as a troop and pack committee chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christensen and his wife, Christine (<i>née</i> Quinn), married in 1976. They had three sons, Matthew, Michael, and Spencer, and two daughters, Ann and Catherine. Their eldest son, Matthew (b. 1977), was a member of <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_Duke_Blue_Devils_men%27s_basketball_team" title="2000–01 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team">2001 National Championship basketball team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mattc_duke_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mattc_duke-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christensen served in several leadership positions in the LDS Church,<sup id="cite_ref-mormn_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mormn-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including as an <a href="/wiki/Area_seventy" class="mw-redirect" title="Area seventy">area seventy</a> from 2002 to 2009, a counselor in the <a href="/wiki/Mission_president" title="Mission president">presidency</a> of the Massachusetts Boston <a href="/wiki/Mission_(LDS_Church)" title="Mission (LDS Church)">Mission</a>, and as a <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(LDS_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (LDS Church)">bishop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ldsch_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldsch-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His book, <i>The Power of Everyday Missionaries</i>, was a leading work in the LDS Church on how all people could be involved in sharing the gospel no matter their position in the church. He was also a moving force behind the creation of <i>For All The Saints</i>, a book by Kristen Smith Dayley on the history of the LDS Church in New England, published in 2012 to which Christensen wrote the foreword.<sup id="cite_ref-DeseretObit_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeseretObit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christensen was also very involved in his community of <a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Massachusetts" title="Belmont, Massachusetts">Belmont, Massachusetts</a>. After moving his family to Belmont in the early 1990s to continue his education at HBS, he was elected to the Belmont Town Council where he served for eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christensen was also instrumental in the use of internet learning for students of Belmont High School to decrease the rising costs of education.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2010, Christensen was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Follicular_lymphoma" title="Follicular lymphoma">follicular lymphoma</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cchri_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cchri-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in July 2010 he had an <a href="/wiki/Brain_ischemia" title="Brain ischemia">ischemic stroke</a> that damaged his speech and required him to undergo speech therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clayt_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clayt-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christensen died from complications of leukemia on January 23, 2020, at age 67.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeseretObit_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeseretObit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>2011:</b> Recognized by <a href="/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes (magazine)"><i>Forbes</i></a> for being "one of the most influential business theorists of the last 50 years" in a cover story.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2011 & 2013:</b> Ranked number 1 in the Thinkers 50 which is awarded biannually to the world's most prestigious management thinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-think_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2014:</b> Awarded the <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon_Award" title="Herbert Simon Award">Herbert Simon Award</a> for excellence in business and management studies.<sup id="cite_ref-Simofb_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simofb-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2015:</b> Honored with an <a href="/wiki/Edison_Awards#Edison_Achievement_Award" title="Edison Awards">Edison Achievement Award</a> for his commitment to innovation throughout his career.<sup id="cite_ref-ediso_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ediso-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2015:</b> Awarded the <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> Distinguished Service Award for embodying "Christ-like charity and service."<sup id="cite_ref-byued4_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byued4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2017:</b> Ranked number 3 in the Thinkers 50.<sup id="cite_ref-think2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Clayton Christensen</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Clayton+Christensen">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Clayton+Christensen&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Disruptive technologies: catching the wave", <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, (January–February 1995), Christensen, Clayton M.; Bower, Joseph L.</li> <li>"Meeting the challenge of disruptive change", <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, (March–April 2000), Christensen, Clayton M.; Overdorf, Michael.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbr.org/web/extras/insight-center/health-care/will-disruptive-innovations-cure-health-care">"Will disruptive innovations cure health care?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614152937/http://hbr.org/web/extras/insight-center/health-care/will-disruptive-innovations-cure-health-care">Archived</a> June 14, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, 78 (5): 102–12, 199, PMID 11143147, (September–October 2000), Christensen, Clayton M.; Bohmer, Richard; Kenagy, John.</li> <li>"Marketing malpractice: the cause and the cure", <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, 83 (12): 74–83, 152, PMID 16334583, (December 2005), Christensen, Clayton M.; Cook, Scott; Hall, Taddy.</li> <li>"The tools of cooperation and change", <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, 84 (10): 72–80, 148 PMID 17040041, (October 2006), Christensen, Clayton M.; Marx, Matthew; Stevenson, Howard H.</li> <li>"Disruptive innovation for social change", <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, 84 (12): 94–101, 163, PMID 17183796, (December 2006), Christensen, Clayton M.; Baumann, Heiner; Ruggles, Rudy; Sadtler, Thomas M.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbr.org/2010/07/how-will-you-measure-your-life/ar/1">"How will you measure your life?"</a>, <i>Harvard Business Review</i> (July–August 2010) Christensen, Clayton M.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/2016/09/know-your-customers-jobs-to-be-done">"Know your customer's Job To Be Done"</a>, <i>Harvard Business Review</i> (September 2016), Christensen, Clayton M.; Dillon, Karen; Hall, Taddy; Duncan, David.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-hard-truth-about-business-model-innovation/">"The Hard Truth about Business Model Innovation"</a>, <i>MIT Sloan Management Review</i> (September 2016), Christensen, Clayton M.; Bartman, Tom; van Bever, Derek.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="//archive.org/details/innovatorsdilem000chri" class="extiw" title="iarchive:innovatorsdilem000chri">The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail</a></i>, (1997) Christensen, Clayton M.</li> <li><i><a href="//archive.org/details/innovatorssoluti00chri" class="extiw" title="iarchive:innovatorssoluti00chri">The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth</a>,</i> (2003), Christensen, Clayton M.; <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Raynor" title="Michael E. Raynor">Raynor, Michael E.</a></li> <li><i>Innovation and the General Manager</i>, (2003) Christensen, Clayton M.</li> <li><i><a href="//archive.org/details/seeingwhatsnextu00chri" class="extiw" title="iarchive:seeingwhatsnextu00chri">Seeing What's Next: Using the Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change</a></i>, (2004), Anthony, Scott D.; Christensen, Clayton M.; Roth, Erik A.</li> <li><i><a href="//archive.org/details/disruptingclassh00chri" class="extiw" title="iarchive:disruptingclassh00chri">Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns</a></i>, (2008), Christensen, Clayton M.; Horn, Michael.</li> <li><i>The Innovator's Prescription: A Disruptive Solution for Health Care</i>, (2008), Christensen, Clayton M.; Grossman, Jerome H.; Hwang, Jason.</li> <li><i>The Innovative University: Changing the DNA of Higher Education</i>, (2011), Christensen, Clayton M.;<a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Eyring" title="Henry J. Eyring">Eyring, Henry J.</a></li> <li><i>The Innovator's DNA: Mastering the Five Skills of Disruptive Innovators</i>, (2011), Christensen, Clayton M.; Dyer, Jeff; Gregersen, Hal.</li> <li><i>How Will You Measure Your Life?</i>, (2012), Allworth, James; Christensen, Clayton M.; Dillon, Karen.</li> <li><i>The Power of Everyday Missionaries: The What and How of Sharing the Gospel</i>, (2013) Christensen, Clayton M.</li> <li><i>Competing Against Luck: The Story of Innovation and Customer Choice</i>, (2016), Christensen, Clayton M.; Dillon, Karen; Duncan, David; Hall, Taddy.</li> <li><i>The Prosperity Paradox: How Innovation Can Lift Nations out of Poverty</i>, (2019), Christensen, Clayton M.; Dillon, Karen; Ojomo, Efosa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Christensen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-econom-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-econom_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBagehot2017" class="citation news cs1">Bagehot (June 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21723426-labours-leader-has-disrupted-business-politics-jeremy-corbyn-entrepreneur">"Jeremy Corbyn, Entrepreneur"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. p. 53. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122205/https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21723426-labours-leader-has-disrupted-business-politics-jeremy-corbyn-entrepreneur">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edisonawards.com/AchievementAwardWinners.php">the original</a> on April 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edison+Achievement+Award&rft.pub=Edisonawards.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edisonawards.com%2FAchievementAwardWinners.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClayton+Christensen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byued4-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byued4_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazine.byu.edu/article/celebrating-exceptional-alumni/">"Celebrating Exceptional Alumni"</a>. <i>BYU Magazine</i>. Fall 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022121752/https://magazine.byu.edu/article/celebrating-exceptional-alumni/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BYU+Magazine&rft.atitle=Celebrating+Exceptional+Alumni&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazine.byu.edu%2Farticle%2Fcelebrating-exceptional-alumni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClayton+Christensen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sclcenter.byu.edu/brigham-awards">"Brigham Awards"</a>. <i>Student Connections and Leadership (SCL Center)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114005226/https://sclcenter.byu.edu/brigham-awards">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Student+Connections+and+Leadership+%28SCL+Center%29&rft.atitle=Brigham+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsclcenter.byu.edu%2Fbrigham-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClayton+Christensen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-think2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-think2_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thinkers50.com/biographies/clayton-christensen/">"Thinkers50 Profile"</a>. 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March">James G. March</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mintzberg" title="Henry Mintzberg">Henry Mintzberg</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Jensen" title="Michael C. Jensen">Michael C. Jensen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Grant_(economist)" title="Robert M. Grant (economist)">Robert M. Grant</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Prahalad" title="C. K. Prahalad">C. K. Prahalad</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_H%C3%A5kansson" title="Håkan Håkansson">Håkan Håkansson</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Teece" title="David Teece">David Teece</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Ghemawat" title="Pankaj Ghemawat">Pankaj Ghemawat</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aswath_Damodaran" title="Aswath Damodaran">Aswath Damodaran</a> (2013)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clayton Christensen</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Brynjolfsson" title="Erik Brynjolfsson">Erik Brynjolfsson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Pfeffer" title="Jeffrey Pfeffer">Jeffrey Pfeffer</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinan_Aral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinan Aral (page does not exist)">Sinan Aral</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Wrzesniewski" title="Amy Wrzesniewski">Amy Wrzesniewski</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_E._Austin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James E. Austin (page does not exist)">James E. Austin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chesbrough" title="Henry Chesbrough">Henry Chesbrough</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Van_Alstyne" title="Marshall Van Alstyne">Marshall Van Alstyne</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Edmondson" title="Amy Edmondson">Amy Edmondson</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5130292#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/171890795">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96018283">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb160561749">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb160561749">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00798622">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=vse2007395931&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p169885097">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Christensen, Clayton M., 1952-"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000107530&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200301869">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810679717805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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