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class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википеди сайтра шыра" aria-label="Википеди сайтра шыра" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шырав [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Ятарлă:Поиск"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Шыра</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div 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сӗнетпӗр" class=""><span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ячĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ячĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ячĕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ячĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Этногенез_тата_этнос_кун-çулĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Этногенез_тата_этнос_кун-çулĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Этногенез тата этнос кун-çулĕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Этногенез_тата_этнос_кун-çулĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çырулăх" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çырулăх"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Çырулăх</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çырулăх-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Калмăк_фольклорĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Калмăк_фольклорĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Калмăк фольклорĕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Калмăк_фольклорĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вăрçă_ĕç-хĕлĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вăрçă_ĕç-хĕлĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Вăрçă ĕç-хĕлĕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вăрçă_ĕç-хĕлĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асăрхавсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асăрхавсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Асăрхавсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асăрхавсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Тупмалли" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Калмăксем</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 66 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmiki%C3%ABrs" title="Kalmikiërs — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalmikiërs" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucos" title="Calmucos — арагон" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Calmucos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="قلميقيون — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قلميقيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_calmucu" title="Pueblu calmucu — астури" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu calmucu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C4%B1klar" title="Kalmıklar — азербайджан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalmıklar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کالمیک‌لار — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالمیک‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡалмыҡтар — пушкӑрт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡалмыҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="пушкӑрт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Калмыкі — белорусси" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калмыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калмики — пӑлхар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калмики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="пӑлхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Хальмагууд — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хальмагууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucs" title="Calmucs — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calmucs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="ГӀалмакхой — чеченец" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀалмакхой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченец" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmykov%C3%A9" title="Kalmykové — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalmykové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukker" title="Kalmukker — датчан" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalmukker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C3%BCcken" title="Kalmücken — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalmücken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Καλμούκοι — грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλμούκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kalmyks" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukoj" title="Kalmukoj — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalmukoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_calmuco" title="Pueblo calmuco — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo calmuco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C3%B5kid" title="Kalmõkid — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kalmõkid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmuk" title="Kalmuk — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalmuk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="قالمیق‌ها — фарси" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قالمیق‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukit" title="Kalmukit — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalmukit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmouks" title="Kalmouks — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kalmouks" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_calmuco" title="Pobo calmuco — галис" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo calmuco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галис" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyk-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Kalmyk-chhu̍k — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kalmyk-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmici" title="Kalmici — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalmici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C3%BCk%C3%B6k" title="Kalmükök — венгер" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalmükök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կալմիկներ — армян" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալմիկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kalmyk" title="Orang Kalmyk — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Kalmyk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucchi" title="Calmucchi — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calmucchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="カルムイク人 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルムイク人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ყალმუხები — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყალმუხები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қалмақтар — казах" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қалмақтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%AF%B8%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="칼미크인 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼미크인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмактар — киргиз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калмактар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucci" title="Calmucci — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calmucci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8C" title="Къалмукь — лакский" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къалмукь" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="лакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukai" title="Kalmukai — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalmukai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmiki" title="Kalmiki — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalmiki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Халимаг ястан — монгол" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Халимаг ястан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukken" title="Kalmukken — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalmukken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukker" title="Kalmukker — норвег букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalmukker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвег букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%82mucy" title="Kałmucy — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kałmucy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucos" title="Calmucos — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calmucos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmuci" title="Calmuci — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calmuci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калмыки — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калмыки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмыктар — якут" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Калмыктар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kalmyks" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmici" title="Kalmici — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalmici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyci" title="Kalmyci — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalmyci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmiki" title="Kalmiki — словен" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalmiki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Калмици — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калмици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmucker" title="Kalmucker — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalmucker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%82myki" title="Kałmyki — силез" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kałmyki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силез" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கல்மிக்குகள் — тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்மிக்குகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmuklar" title="Kalmuklar — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kalmuklar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="хорошая статья"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмыклар — тутар" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калмыклар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тутар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмыктар — тува" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Калмыктар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тува" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калмики — украина" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калмики" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украина" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalmoqlar" title="Qalmoqlar — узбек" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qalmoqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Kalmyk" title="Người Kalmyk — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Kalmyk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="卡尔梅克人 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡尔梅克人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B3" title="Хальмг — калмыцкий" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хальмг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="卡尔梅克人 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡尔梅克人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="卡爾梅克人 — кантон" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡爾梅克人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190209#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" 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ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&oldid=584202" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&id=584202&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25C4%2583%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25C4%2583%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kalmyks" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190209" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="3" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:25em;"> </table> <p><b>Калмăксем</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Калмăк чĕлхи">калм.</a> <i>хальмгуд</i>) — Анат Атăлçипе (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Калмыки">Калмыки</a>) <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Çурçĕр Кавказ">Çурçĕр Кавказа</a> <a href="/wiki/XVII_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XVII ĕмĕр">XVII ĕмĕрте</a> куçса килнĕ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ойратсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">ойратсен</a> несĕл халăх. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Алтай чĕлхисем">Алтай чĕлхе çемьин</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Монгол чĕлхисем">монгол турачĕ</a> йышĕнчи <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Калмăк чĕлхи">калмăк чĕлхипе</a> (<i>Хальмг келн</i>; урăхла — калмăк чĕлхи), çаплах <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Вырăс чĕлхи">вырăс чĕлхипе</a> те пуплеççĕ. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ячĕ"><span id=".D0.AF.D1.87.C4.95"></span>Ячĕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Ячĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Ячĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Калмăк</i> тĕрĕк чĕлхисенче «юлнă» пĕлтерĕшлĕ сăмах. Çапла анăç <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тĕрĕксем">тĕрĕксем</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Иртыш (юханшыв)">Иртышран</a> тухăçалла, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Алтай тăвĕсем">Алтайра</a> тата унăн таврашĕнче пурăнакан кӳршĕ йăхсене палăртнă. Вырăс çыру çăлкуçĕсенче калмăк этноним <a href="/wiki/XVI_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XVI ĕмĕр">XVI ĕмĕрĕн</a> пуçламăшĕнче тĕл пулать, <a href="/wiki/XVIII_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XVIII ĕмĕр">XVIII ĕмĕрĕн</a> вĕçенчен пуçласа унпа калмăксем хăйсем те усă курма тытăнаççĕ. </p><p>Калмăксене вырăсла <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ойратсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">ойратсем</a> (вырăсла пăснă калмăксен тăван ячĕ - "Өөрд"; этноним <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ойратсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">ойратсем</a>, унпа <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> çулчен <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Алтайсем">алтайсене</a> палăртнă, вырăссем вĕсене <i>шурă калмăксем</i> тенĕ), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джунгарсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">джунгарсем</a> тенĕ, анăç монголсем — <a class="mw-selflink selflink">калмăксем</a> тесе чĕннĕ, урăх чĕлхесенче вĕсен Kalmouks, Calmoucs, Calmucks, Kalmyks ятсем пулнă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Этногенез_тата_этнос_кун-çулĕ"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.B7_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.8D.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81_.D0.BA.D1.83.D0.BD-.C3.A7.D1.83.D0.BB.C4.95"></span>Этногенез тата этнос кун-çулĕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Этногенез тата этнос кун-çулĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Этногенез тата этнос кун-çулĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Тĕп статья: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD-%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калмăксен кун-çулĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Калмăксен кун-çулĕ</a></b></i></div></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çырулăх"><span id=".C3.87.D1.8B.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85"></span>Çырулăх</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Çырулăх пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çырулăх»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Тĕп статья: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калмăк çырулăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Калмăк çырулăхĕ</a></b></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Ойрат-калмăк алфавитне <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тодо-бичиг (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">тодо-бичиг</a> («тăрă çыру») 1648 çулта кивĕ монгол çырăвĕнчен илсе хатĕрленĕ. 1925 ç. вырăс графикин никĕсĕпе çĕнĕ алфавит тунă, 1930 ç. ăна латинланă, 1938 çултанпа халиччен каллех вырăс графин никĕсне куçнă. Китай калмăкĕсем кивĕ калмăк çырулăхĕпе пурăнаççĕ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Калмăк_фольклорĕ"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BC.C4.83.D0.BA_.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.80.C4.95"></span>Калмăк фольклорĕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Калмăк фольклорĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Калмăк фольклорĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Калмăксен чун-чĕм этеплĕхĕнче халăх пултарулăхĕ, уйрăмах джангарчи-юмахçăсем каласа кăтартакан темиçе вун пин сăвăллă <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джангар (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">«Джангар»</a> кăссайĕ, пысăк вырăн йышăнать. </p><p>Халăх çаплах виçĕ йĕркерен тăракан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурвн (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">гурвн</a> кăмăллать. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йорял (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Йорял</a> — калмăк халăхĕн пултарулăхĕн тĕсĕ. Унпа ача çуралсан, парне панă чухне усă кураççĕ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вăрçă_ĕç-хĕлĕ"><span id=".D0.92.C4.83.D1.80.C3.A7.C4.83_.C4.95.C3.A7-.D1.85.C4.95.D0.BB.C4.95"></span>Вăрçă ĕç-хĕлĕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Вăрçă ĕç-хĕлĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Вăрçă ĕç-хĕлĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Калмăк <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кавалери (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">юланучĕсем</a> нумай вăрçăсенче раççей çарĕ енче хутшăннă (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%C4%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Полтава çапăçăвĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Полтава çапăçăвĕ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BD_1812_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тăван Çĕршывăн 1812 çулхи вăрçă (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тăван Çĕршывăн 1812 çулхи вăрçă</a> пăхăр). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Асăрхавсем"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.C4.83.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Асăрхавсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Асăрхавсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «Асăрхавсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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