Anemia - Iron-Deficiency Anemia

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block-field-blocknodehealth-topicstitle"> <h1 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden responsive-container responsive-container-constrained field__item"><span class="ht-kicker">Anemia </span>Iron-Deficiency Anemia<hr> </h1> </div> <div class="block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_24 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/iron-deficiency-anemia" data-a2a-title="Iron-Deficiency Anemia"> <a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhlbi.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Fanemia%2Firon-deficiency-anemia&title=Iron-Deficiency%20Anemia"> <img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/share-alt-icon.svg" alt="Share"> </a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_print"></a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-content" role="navigation"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"><h2 class="visually-hidden" aria-label="Switch to Espanol">Language switcher</h2><ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92741" class="is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/health/anemia/iron-deficiency-anemia" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92741" aria-current="page">English</a></li><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92741"><a href="/es/salud/anemia/anemia-ferropenica" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92741">Espa帽ol</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-component-page-links"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="component-lab-banner-links component-page-links component-page-links-theme-blue" id="component-page-links-holder"><strong class="component-page-links-kicker">IN THIS ARTICLE</strong> <ul id="component-page-links-ul"> </ul> <div id="component-page-links-more-button" class="component-page-links-more-button"><a class="component-page-links-more-button-a" href="javascript:void(0);">View More</a></div> <div id="component-page-links-less-button" class="component-page-links-less-button hidden"><a class="component-page-links-less-button-a" href="javascript:void(0);">View Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-component-sections"> <div class="field field--name-field-component-sections field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden"> <div class='field__items'> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">What is iron-deficiency anemia?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">What it is</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>Iron-deficiency anemia is a type of anemia that develops if you do not have enough iron in your body. It is the most common type of anemia.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">What are the symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">Symptoms</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>People with mild or moderate iron-deficiency anemia may not have any symptoms. More serious iron-deficiency anemia may cause common <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/symptoms" rel="noreferrer">symptoms</a> of anemia, such as tiredness, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Other symptoms include:</p> <ul> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Dizziness or lightheadedness</li> <li>Cold hands and feet</li> <li>Pale skin</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">What causes iron-deficiency anemia?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">Causes</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>Your body needs iron to make healthy red blood cells. Conditions that increase your risk of iron-deficiency anemia include the following:</p> <h3>Blood loss</h3> <p>When you lose blood, you lose iron. Blood loss can happen in many ways:</p> <ul> <li>Bleeding in your <span><span class="entity-embed node entity-embed-glossary_term"><a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of Gastrointestinal tract " alt="Definition of Gastrointestinal tract" data-term="Gastrointestinal tract" data-pronunciation="GAS-troh-in-TES-tih-nul trakt" data-definition="The stomach and intestines. The gastrointestinal tract is part of the digestive system, which also includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and rectum." role="link"> Gastrointestinal tract </a></span></span>(GI tract) from an inflammatory bowel disease, ulcer, colon cancer, or a or other GI disorders such as celiac disease.</li> <li>Traumatic injuries or surgery</li> <li>Heavy menstrual periods or bleeding during childbirth</li> <li>Regular use of medicines such as aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), such as ibuprofen and naproxen that can lead to GI tract bleeding</li> <li>Urinary tract bleeding</li> </ul> <h3>Problems absorbing iron</h3> <p>Certain conditions or medicines can decrease your body鈥檚 ability to absorb iron and lead to iron-deficiency anemia. These conditions include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Certain rare <span><span class="entity-embed node entity-embed-glossary_term"><a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of genetic " alt="Definition of genetic" data-term="genetic" data-pronunciation="jeh-NEH-tik" data-definition="Having to do with genes. Most genes are sequences of DNA that contain information for making specific proteins or molecules of RNA that perform important functions in a cell. The information in genes is passed from parents to children." role="link"> genetic </a></span></span> conditions</strong> that block your intestines from absorbing iron or make it harder to stop bleeding</li> <li><strong>Endurance sports,</strong> which can make athletes lose iron through their GI tracts and through the breakdown of red blood cells</li> <li><strong>Intestinal and digestive conditions,</strong> such as celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn鈥檚 disease, and Helicobacter pylori infection</li> <li><strong>Surgery on your stomach and intestines,</strong> including weight loss surgery</li> </ul> <h3>Other medical conditions</h3> <p>Other conditions that may cause iron-deficiency anemia include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Kidney disease:</strong> People who have kidney disease do not make enough of a substance called erythropoietin. Your body needs erythropoietin to make red blood cells. Your doctor may prescribe erythropoietin if you have kidney disease.</li> <li><strong>Long-lasting conditions that lead to inflammation:</strong> These include congestive heart failure or obesity. They can make it hard for your body to regulate and use your body鈥檚 iron.</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes young children can develop iron-deficiency anemia if they do not get enough iron in their diet. This usually occurs between the ages of 9 months and 1 year, as a child transitions to eating whole foods.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">How do you prevent iron-deficiency anemia?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">Prevention</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>Iron-deficiency anemia may be preventable if you are able to treat <strong>the causes of blood loss or problems with iron absorption</strong> that can lead to the condition.</p> <p>It is also always a good idea to help the body keep iron levels where they need to be by maintaining a healthy diet that includes good sources of iron and vitamin C.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Good sources of iron</strong> include beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified breads and cereals, peas, tofu, and dark green leafy vegetables.</li> <li><strong>Vitamin C-rich foods</strong> such as oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes help your body absorb iron.</li> <li><strong>Ensure that toddlers</strong> eat enough solid foods that are rich in iron.</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">How much iron do I need each day?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">Daily iron recommendations</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>The recommended daily amounts of iron depend on your age, your sex, and whether you are pregnant or breastfeeding. </p> <p>Generally, a diet that includes beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified breads and cereals, peas, tofu, and dark green leafy vegetables will provide the iron level that your body needs. </p> <h3>Recommended daily iron intake for children and adults</h3> <img alt="Recommended daily iron intake for children and adults. The table lists the recommended amounts of iron, in milligrams (mg) at different ages and stages of life. Until the teen years, the recommended amount of iron is the same for boys and girls. From birth to 6 months, babies need 0.27 mg of iron. This number goes up to 11 mg for children ages 7 to 12 months, and down to 7 mg for children ages 1 to 3. From ages 4 to 8, children need 10 mg, and from ages 9 to 13, 8 mg. From ages 14 to 18, boys need 11 mg, while girls need 15 mg. From ages 19 to 50, men need 8 mg and women need 18 mg. After age 51, both men and women need 8 mg. Pregnant women need 27 mg. Breastfeeding girls under age 18 need 10 mg while breastfeeding women older than 18 need 9 mg." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5fa015ac-de3a-4977-ac9d-75b9fbb4c3db" data-image-style height="442" width="837" class="align-center b-lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/HT_Iron_Deficiency_Anemia_1200px_Table_1%5B1%5D.jpg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png"> <p> </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">How is iron-deficiency anemia diagnosed?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">Diagnosis</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>To help <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/diagnosis" rel="noreferrer">diagnose</a> iron-deficiency anemia, your doctor will order a blood test to check your complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin levels, blood iron levels, and ferritin levels. Your doctor may tell you that the iron level in your blood is low. Your doctor may also tell you that you have anemia with the iron deficiency.</p> <img alt="Different tests help your doctor diagnose iron-deficiency anemia. In iron-deficiency anemia, blood levels of iron will be low, or less than 10 micromoles per liter (飦璵ol/L) for both men and women. Normal levels are 10 to 30 飦璵ol/L. Levels of ferritin will also be low, or less than 10 micrograms per liter (飦璯/L) for both men and women. Normal levels are 40 to 300 for men and 20 to 200 for women." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8d627e17-1201-4185-a0eb-78e79d47a2e6" data-image-style height="361" width="856" class="align-center b-lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/HT_Iron_Deficiency_Anemia_1200px_Table_3%5B1%5D.jpg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png"></div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">How is iron-deficiency anemia treated?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">Treatments</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>Several treatments can be used to treat anemia.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Iron supplements,</strong> also called iron pills or oral iron, help increase the iron in your body. This is<strong> </strong>the most common treatment for iron-deficiency anemia. It often takes three to six months to restore your iron levels. Your doctor may ask you to take iron supplements during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor if you have side effects such as a bad metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or upset stomach. Your doctor may suggest taking your supplements with food, lowering the dose, or trying a different type of iron supplement.</li> <li><strong>Intravenous or IV iron</strong> is sometimes used to put iron into your body through one of your veins. This helps<strong> </strong>increase iron levels in your blood. It often takes only one or a few sessions to restore your iron levels. People who have serious iron-deficiency anemia or who have long-term conditions are more likely to receive IV iron. Side effects include vomiting or headaches right after the treatment, but these usually go away within a day or two.</li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> such as <span class="entity-embed node entity-embed-glossary_term"><a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of erythropoiesis stimulating agent (esa) " alt="Definition of erythropoiesis stimulating agent (esa)" data-term="erythropoiesis stimulating agent (esa)" data-pronunciation="eh-RITH-roh-poy-EE-sis-STIM-yoo-LAY-ting AY-jent" data-definition="A substance that stimulates the bone marrow to make more red blood cells. ESAs are used to treat anemia caused by chronic kidney failure, some anticancer drugs, and certain treatments for HIV. They may also be used to lower the number of blood transfusions needed during and after certain major surgeries." role="link"> erythropoiesis stimulating agent (esa) </a></span> help your bone marrow make more red blood cells, if this is causing your iron deficiency. These medicines are usually used with iron therapy in people who have both iron-deficiency anemia and another chronic (long-term) condition such as kidney disease.</li> <li><strong>Blood transfusions</strong> quickly increase the amount of red blood cells and iron in your blood. They may be used to treat serious iron-deficiency anemia.</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> may be needed to stop internal bleeding.</li> </ul> <p>In addition to the steps above, your doctor may ask you to adopt heart-healthy eating habits and to choose iron-rich foods such as beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified breads and cereals, peas, tofu, and dark green leafy vegetables. Foods that are rich in vitamin C can help your body absorb iron. Some foods like black tea can reduce iron absorption.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <h2 class="field--name-field-component-section-titl component-section-section-title">What happens if iron-deficiency anemia is not treated?</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-st field--type-string field--label-hidden visually-hidden field__item">What happens if not treated</div> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p><span><span class="entity-embed media entity-embed-nhlbi_video"><div class="embed-video-container embed-video-text-container-enabled align-right"> <div class="field field--name-field-video-url field--type-video-embed-field field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="Living With and Managing Iron-Deficiency Anemia " src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/obgXcNaDLJU?autoplay=0&start=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1"></iframe> </div> </div> <div class="embed-video-text-container"> <div class="field-video-title-container"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-video-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>This video鈥攑resented by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health鈥攕hows how Susan, a full-time worker and student, has coped with having iron-deficiency anemia. Prior to her diagnosis, Susan had symptoms such as tiredness, poor skin tone, dizziness, and depression. </p><p>After her doctor diagnosed her with iron-deficiency anemia, Susan got counseling on how to improve her health and well-being. She began taking iron supplements and multivitamins to improve her iron levels. Susan also made changes to her diet, such as focusing more on green leafy vegetables, red meats, nuts, dried fruits, and beans. Other lifestyle changes, such as getting enough sleep and exercising, also have helped Susan feel better. </p><p>To further improve her condition, Susan had a minor surgical procedure to stop her monthly periods. By following her treatment plan and making smart lifestyle choices, Susan continues to feel better and see the benefits of treatment.</p><p>For more information about living with and managing iron-deficiency anemia, go to the Health Topics <a href="/node/4914">Iron-Deficiency Anemia</a> article.</p></div> </div> </div></span></span>Undiagnosed or untreated iron-deficiency anemia may cause serious complications such as fatigue, headaches, restless legs syndrome, heart problems, pregnancy complications, and developmental delays in children.</p> <p>Iron-deficiency anemia can also make other chronic conditions worse or cause their treatments to work poorly.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-book-nav-block"> <nav id="book-navigation-92292" class="book-navigation responsive-container-constrained" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="book-label-92292"> <h3 class="visually-hidden" id="book-label-92292">Book traversal links for Iron-Deficiency Anemia</h3> <ul class="book-pager"> <li class="book-pager__item book-pager__item--previous"> <h4 class="nav-label">Previous</h4> <a href="/health/anemia/pregnancy" rel="prev" title="Go to previous page"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i> Anemia in Pregnancy</a> </li> <li class="book-pager__item book-pager__item--next"> <h4 class="nav-label">Next</h4> <a href="/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia" rel="next" title="Go to next page">Vitamin B12鈥揇eficiency Anemia <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-last-updated"> <div class="field field--name-field-last-updated field--type-datetime field--label-hidden responsive-container responsive-container-constrained field__item">Last updated on <time datetime="2022-03-24T12:00:00Z" class="datetime"><span>March 24, 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