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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Kerkvader" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Kerkvader" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Kerkvader" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Apostolische_vaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apostolische_vaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Apostolische vaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apostolische_vaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patristiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patristiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Patristiek</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Patristiek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Patristiek-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Patristiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preniceaanse_patristiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preniceaanse_patristiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Preniceaanse patristiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preniceaanse_patristiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoogpatristiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoogpatristiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hoogpatristiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoogpatristiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_patristiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_patristiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Late patristiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_patristiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Betekenis_in_de_kerkgeschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Betekenis_in_de_kerkgeschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Betekenis in de kerkgeschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Betekenis_in_de_kerkgeschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Betekenis in de kerkgeschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Betekenis_in_de_kerkgeschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Katholieke_Kerk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katholieke_Kerk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Katholieke Kerk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katholieke_Kerk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oosterse_Orthodoxie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oosterse_Orthodoxie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Oosterse Orthodoxie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oosterse_Orthodoxie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reformatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerkvaders_en_het_dateren_van_tekstvarianten_van_de_Bijbel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerkvaders_en_het_dateren_van_tekstvarianten_van_de_Bijbel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Kerkvaders en het dateren van tekstvarianten van de Bijbel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerkvaders_en_het_dateren_van_tekstvarianten_van_de_Bijbel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kerkvader</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 73 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerkvaders" title="Kerkvaders – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kerkvaders" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="آباء الكنيسة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آباء الكنيسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87" title="اباء الكنيسه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اباء الكنيسه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padres_de_la_Ilesia" title="Padres de la Ilesia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Padres de la Ilesia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kils%C9%99_Atalar%C4%B1" title="Kilsə Ataları – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kilsə Ataları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Айцы Царквы – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Айцы Царквы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Айцы Царквы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Айцы Царквы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Отци на Църквата – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отци на Църквата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="চার্চ ফাদার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চার্চ ফাদার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tado%C3%B9_an_Iliz" title="Tadoù an Iliz – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tadoù an Iliz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia" title="Pare de l'Església – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pare de l'Església" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%95" title="باوکانی کەنیسە – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باوکانی کەنیسە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrkevn%C3%AD_otcov%C3%A9" title="Církevní otcové – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Církevní otcové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadau%27r_Eglwys" title="Tadau'r Eglwys – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tadau'r Eglwys" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkefader" title="Kirkefader – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kirkefader" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchenvater" title="Kirchenvater – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kirchenvater" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Εκκλησιαστικοί Πατέρες – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκκλησιαστικοί Πατέρες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Church Fathers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patroj_de_la_Eklezio" title="Patroj de la Eklezio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patroj de la Eklezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padres_de_la_Iglesia" title="Padres de la Iglesia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Padres de la Iglesia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirikuisa" title="Kirikuisa – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirikuisa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizako_Gurasoak" title="Elizako Gurasoak – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elizako Gurasoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="پدران کلیسا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پدران کلیسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkkois%C3%A4" title="Kirkkoisä – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirkkoisä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8res_de_l%27%C3%89glise" title="Pères de l'Église – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pères de l'Église" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjerkfaar" title="Tsjerkfaar – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjerkfaar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padres_da_Igrexa" title="Padres da Igrexa – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Padres da Igrexa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="אבות הכנסייה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבות הכנסייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkveni_Oci" title="Crkveni Oci – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crkveni Oci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyh%C3%A1zatya" title="Egyházatya – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyházatya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Եկեղեցու հայրեր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եկեղեցու հայրեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D6%82%D5%B8%D5%B5_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Եկեղեցւոյ Հայրեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եկեղեցւոյ Հայրեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patres_del_Ecclesia" title="Patres del Ecclesia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Patres del Ecclesia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bapa_Gereja" title="Bapa Gereja – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bapa Gereja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patri_di_l%27Eklezio" title="Patri di l'Eklezio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Patri di l'Eklezio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padri_della_Chiesa" title="Padri della Chiesa – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Padri della Chiesa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6" title="教父 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教父" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ეკლესიის მამები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეკლესიის მამები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EB%B6%80" title="교부 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patres_Ecclesiae" title="Patres Ecclesiae – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Patres Ecclesiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kierchepappen" title="Kierchepappen – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kierchepappen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padres_de_la_Eglesa" title="Padres de la Eglesa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Padres de la Eglesa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%BEny%C4%8Dios_T%C4%97vai" title="Bažnyčios Tėvai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bažnyčios Tėvai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain%27_ny_Fiangonana" title="Rain' ny Fiangonana – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rain' ny Fiangonana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Црковни отци – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црковни отци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="ആദ്യകാല സഭാപിതാക്കന്മാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആദ്യകാല സഭാപിതാക്കന്മാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkefedre" title="Kirkefedre – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirkefedre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8res_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%89glise" title="Pères à l'Église – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pères à l'Église" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojcowie_Ko%C5%9Bcio%C5%82a" title="Ojcowie Kościoła – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ojcowie Kościoła" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آبائے کلیسیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آبائے کلیسیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padres_da_Igreja" title="Padres da Igreja – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Padres da Igreja" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83rin%C8%9Bii_Bisericii" title="Părinții Bisericii – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Părinții Bisericii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Отцы Церкви – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отцы Церкви" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Faithers" title="Kirk Faithers – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kirk Faithers" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkveni_oci" title="Crkveni oci – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crkveni oci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Father" title="Church Father – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Church Father" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirkevn%C3%BD_otec_(stredovek)" title="Cirkevný otec (stredovek) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cirkevný otec (stredovek)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerkveni_o%C4%8Detje" title="Cerkveni očetje – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cerkveni očetje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Црквени оци – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црквени оци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrkof%C3%A4derna" title="Kyrkofäderna – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kyrkofäderna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babu_wa_Kanisa" title="Babu wa Kanisa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Babu wa Kanisa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="திருச்சபைத் தந்தையர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருச்சபைத் தந்தையர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="ปิตาจารย์แห่งคริสตจักร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปิตาจารย์แห่งคริสตจักร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_ama_ng_simbahan" title="Mga ama ng simbahan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga ama ng simbahan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilise_Babalar%C4%B1" title="Kilise Babaları – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kilise Babaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Отці Церкви – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Отці Церкви" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آبائے کلیسیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبائے کلیسیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherkov_otalari" title="Cherkov otalari – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cherkov otalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_Ph%E1%BB%A5" title="Giáo Phụ – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo Phụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amay_han_Singbahan" title="Amay han Singbahan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amay han Singbahan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%EF%BC%89" title="教父（基督教） – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="教父（基督教）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2)" title="教父 (基督教歷史) – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="教父 (基督教歷史)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83)" title="教父 (早期教會) – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="教父 (早期教會)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>Een <b>kerkvader</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kerklatijn" title="Kerklatijn">Kerklatijn</a>: <i>pater ecclesiae</i>) was een schrijver of leraar, meestal een <a href="/wiki/Bisschop" title="Bisschop">bisschop</a>, in de <a href="/wiki/Vroege_christendom" title="Vroege christendom">vroeg-christelijke Kerk</a> (periode: ongeveer 90 tot 750 n.Chr.). De kerkvaders verdedigden de christelijke levensvisie met <a href="/wiki/Traktaat" title="Traktaat">traktaten</a>, geschreven in het <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A8" title="Koinè">Koinè</a>-<a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a> of het <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a>, die handelen over <a href="/wiki/Theologie" title="Theologie">theologische</a> en <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofische</a> vraagstukken. Veel kerkvaders legden de nadruk op <a href="/wiki/Ascese" title="Ascese">ascese</a> en geloofsijver en beschouwden zinnelijke genoegens als funest voor het christelijke ideaal. Het vakgebied dat de werken van de meer dan 300 kerkvaders bestudeert, wordt <a href="/wiki/Patrologie" title="Patrologie">patrologie</a> genoemd. </p><p>De kerkvaders kunnen worden onderscheiden in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolische_vaders" title="Apostolische vaders">apostolische vaders</a> (90 - 160 n.Chr.)</li> <li>pre-Niceense <a href="/wiki/Patristiek" title="Patristiek">patristiek</a> (100/120 - 325; <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Concilie_van_Nicea" title="Eerste Concilie van Nicea">Eerste Concilie van Nicea</a>)</li> <li>hoogpatristiek (325 - 451; <a href="/wiki/Concilie_van_Chalcedon" title="Concilie van Chalcedon">Concilie van Chalcedon</a>)</li> <li>late patristiek (451 - ca. 750; in de <a href="/wiki/Oosters-orthodoxe_kerken" title="Oosters-orthodoxe kerken">oosters-orthodoxe kerken</a> tot heden)</li></ul> <p>De geschriften van de kerkvaders vormen de eerste vorm van literatuur in de <a href="/wiki/Vroege_middeleeuwen" title="Vroege middeleeuwen">vroege middeleeuwen</a>, na de val van het <a href="/wiki/West-Romeinse_Rijk" title="West-Romeinse Rijk">West-Romeinse Rijk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apostolische_vaders">Apostolische vaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Apostolische vaders" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Apostolische vaders"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De vroegste kerkvaders hadden de <a href="/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel">apostelen</a> vaak zelf gekend en worden <a href="/wiki/Apostolische_vaders" title="Apostolische vaders">apostolische vaders</a> genoemd. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paus_Clemens_I" title="Paus Clemens I">Clemens I van Rome</a> (stierf circa 100)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_van_Antiochi%C3%AB" title="Ignatius van Antiochië">Ignatius van Antiochië</a> (stierf in 110)</li> <li>de auteur van de <a href="/wiki/Didache" class="mw-redirect" title="Didache">Didache</a> (circa 100-150)</li> <li>de auteur van de <a href="/wiki/Brief_van_Barnabas" title="Brief van Barnabas">brief van Barnabas</a> (120-140)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias" title="Papias">Papias</a> (rond 130)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarpus_van_Smyrna" title="Polycarpus van Smyrna">Polycarpus</a> van <a href="/wiki/Smyrna_(Griekse_stad)" title="Smyrna (Griekse stad)">Smyrna</a> (69-156)</li> <li>Hermas, schrijver van <a href="/wiki/De_herder_van_Hermas" title="De herder van Hermas">De herder van Hermas</a> (circa 150)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patristiek">Patristiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Patristiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Patristiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preniceaanse_patristiek">Preniceaanse patristiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Preniceaanse patristiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Preniceaanse patristiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alle kerkvaders na 160 na Chr. noemt men ook vaak <a href="/wiki/Apologeten" title="Apologeten">apologeten</a> omdat zij pogen de christelijke opvatting van de wereld te legitimeren. Preniceens: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Clemens van Alexandrië">Clemens van Alexandrië</a> (±125/150 - 215)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullianus" title="Tertullianus">Tertullianus</a> (160-230)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes</a> (185-254)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoogpatristiek">Hoogpatristiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hoogpatristiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hoogpatristiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Hi%C3%ABronymus_in_zijn_studeervertrek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hi%C3%ABronymus_in_zijn_studeervertrek.jpg/260px-Hi%C3%ABronymus_in_zijn_studeervertrek.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="411" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hi%C3%ABronymus_in_zijn_studeervertrek.jpg/390px-Hi%C3%ABronymus_in_zijn_studeervertrek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hi%C3%ABronymus_in_zijn_studeervertrek.jpg/520px-Hi%C3%ABronymus_in_zijn_studeervertrek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1702" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Prent van <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%ABronymus_van_Stridon" title="Hiëronymus van Stridon">Hiëronymus</a> in zijn studeervertrek. Gemaakt door Johann Theodor de Bry en bewaard in de <a href="/wiki/Universiteitsbibliotheek_Gent" title="Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent">Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_van_Milaan" title="Ambrosius van Milaan">Ambrosius van Milaan</a> (339-397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnobius" title="Arnobius">Arnobius</a> (rond 300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Athanasius van Alexandrië">Athanasius van Alexandrië</a> (295-373)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinus_van_Hippo" title="Augustinus van Hippo">Augustinus van Hippo</a> (354-430)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilius_de_Grote" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilius de Grote">Basilius de Grote</a> (330-379)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_van_Tarsus" title="Diodorus van Tarsus">Diodorus van Tarsus</a> (†circa 390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_van_Salamis" title="Epiphanius van Salamis">Epiphanius van Salamis</a> (305/310 - 403)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorius_van_Nazianze" title="Gregorius van Nazianze">Gregorius van Nazianze</a> (329-389)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%ABronymus_van_Stridon" title="Hiëronymus van Stridon">Hiëronymus van Stridon</a> (347-420)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Chrysostomus" title="Johannes Chrysostomus">Johannes Chrysostomus</a> (345-407)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvianus" title="Salvianus">Salvianus van Marseille</a> (400-475)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_van_Mopsuestia" title="Theodorus van Mopsuestia">Theodorus van Mopsuestia</a> (350-428)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentius_van_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincentius van Lérins">Vincentius van Lérins</a> († circa 440)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_patristiek">Late patristiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Late patristiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Late patristiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paus_Gregorius_I" title="Paus Gregorius I">Gregorius de Grote</a> (Paus Gregorius I) (540-604)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidorus_van_Sevilla" title="Isidorus van Sevilla">Isidorus van Sevilla</a> (circa 560-636)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Betekenis_in_de_kerkgeschiedenis">Betekenis in de kerkgeschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Betekenis in de kerkgeschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Betekenis in de kerkgeschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katholieke_Kerk">Katholieke Kerk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Katholieke Kerk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Katholieke Kerk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Solari_und_da_Carona_Hieronymus_als_Kirchenvater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Solari_und_da_Carona_Hieronymus_als_Kirchenvater.jpg/150px-Solari_und_da_Carona_Hieronymus_als_Kirchenvater.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Solari_und_da_Carona_Hieronymus_als_Kirchenvater.jpg/225px-Solari_und_da_Carona_Hieronymus_als_Kirchenvater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Solari_und_da_Carona_Hieronymus_als_Kirchenvater.jpg/300px-Solari_und_da_Carona_Hieronymus_als_Kirchenvater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="2909" /></a><figcaption>Hiëronymus</figcaption></figure> <p>Men rekent de patristische periode (dit wil zeggen de tijd van de kerkvaders) in het Westen tot <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_de_Grote" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorius de Grote">Gregorius de Grote</a> (†604) of <a href="/wiki/Isidorus_van_Sevilla" title="Isidorus van Sevilla">Isidorus van Sevilla</a> (†636), tegenwoordig ook wel tot <a href="/wiki/Beda_Venerabilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Beda Venerabilis">Beda Venerabilis</a> (†735); in het ^<a href="/wiki/Oosters-katholieke_kerken" title="Oosters-katholieke kerken">Oosten</a> tot <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Damascenus" title="Johannes Damascenus">Johannes Damascenus</a> (†749). Na deze periode wordt de bijzondere betekenis van theologen geëerd met de titel <a href="/wiki/Kerkleraar" title="Kerkleraar">kerkleraar</a>. De criteria om voor kerkvaderschap in aanmerking te komen: </p> <ul><li>wordt geciteerd in aan de kerk gerichte pauselijke documenten;</li> <li>wordt geciteerd door een concilie;</li> <li>wordt in samenkomsten van de vroege kerk publiekelijk gelezen;</li> <li>wordt genoemd als <i>sanctitate et doctrina insignis</i> in het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyriologium_Romanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyriologium Romanum (de pagina bestaat niet)">Martyriologium Romanum</a>;</li> <li>wordt door kerkvaders aangehaald als autoriteit.</li></ul> <p>In de Katholieke Kerk drukt het predicaat kerkvader niet een onwankelbare geloofstrouw van de bedoelde theoloog uit; zo kunnen <a href="/wiki/Tertullianus" title="Tertullianus">Tertullianus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes</a> theologisch geproblematiseerd worden, maar toch als kerkvader gelden. </p><p>De grote kerkvaders van het Westen zijn: <a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_van_Milaan" title="Ambrosius van Milaan">Ambrosius van Milaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustinus_van_Hippo" title="Augustinus van Hippo">Augustinus van Hippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%ABronymus_van_Stridon" title="Hiëronymus van Stridon">Hiëronymus van Stridon</a> en <a href="/wiki/Paus_Gregorius_I" title="Paus Gregorius I">paus Gregorius I</a> de Grote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oosterse_Orthodoxie">Oosterse Orthodoxie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oosterse Orthodoxie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oosterse Orthodoxie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/Oosters-orthodoxe_kerken" title="Oosters-orthodoxe kerken">Oosters-orthodoxe kerken</a> wordt de eretitel kerkvader nog steeds en doorgaans impliciet verleend. </p><p>De grote kerkvaders van het Oosten zijn: <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Athanasius van Alexandrië">Athanasius van Alexandrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilius_de_Grote" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilius de Grote">Basilius de Grote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_van_Nazianze" title="Gregorius van Nazianze">Gregorius van Nazianze</a> en <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Chrysostomus" title="Johannes Chrysostomus">Johannes Chrysostomus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformatie">Reformatie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Reformatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Reformatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestantse</a> kerkgemeenschappen kennen geen kerkvaders. Deze zijn weliswaar voorbeeldige voorgangers in geloof, maar omdat protestantse kerkgemeenschappen de <a href="/wiki/Traditie_in_de_Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditie in de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">traditie in de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk</a> als openbaringsbron niet erkennen, zijn er evenmin bijzondere gelovigen zoals de kerkvaders, die van bijzondere betekenis voor de Traditie zijn. De <a href="/wiki/Bevindelijk_gereformeerden" title="Bevindelijk gereformeerden">bevindelijk gereformeerden</a> kennen wel <a href="/wiki/Oudvader" title="Oudvader">oudvaders</a>: de gezaghebbende <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABtisme_(kerkgeschiedenis)" title="Piëtisme (kerkgeschiedenis)">piëtistische</a> schrijvers uit de <a href="/wiki/17e_eeuw" title="17e eeuw">17e</a> en <a href="/wiki/18e_eeuw" title="18e eeuw">18e eeuw</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerkvaders_en_het_dateren_van_tekstvarianten_van_de_Bijbel">Kerkvaders en het dateren van tekstvarianten van de Bijbel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kerkvaders en het dateren van tekstvarianten van de Bijbel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kerkvaders en het dateren van tekstvarianten van de Bijbel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Tekstkritiek_van_de_Bijbel" title="Tekstkritiek van de Bijbel">tekstkritiek van de Bijbel</a> houdt zich bezig met de reconstructie van de Bijbeltekst door <a href="/wiki/Bijbelse_handschriften" title="Bijbelse handschriften">Bijbelse handschriften</a> met elkaar te vergelijken. De teksten worden daartoe onderverdeeld in families. Door te bestuderen welke Kerkvader welke variant binnen welke familie gebruikt, kunnen we iets zeggen over de geografische spreiding en de ouderdom van die variant en familie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolische_Vaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolische Vaders">Apostolische Vaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerkleraar" title="Kerkleraar">Kerkleraar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patristiek" title="Patristiek">Patristiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_vroege_christelijke_schrijvers" title="Lijst van vroege christelijke schrijvers">Lijst van vroege christelijke schrijvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwse_filosofie" title="Middeleeuwse filosofie">Middeleeuwse filosofie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woestijnvaders" title="Woestijnvaders">Woestijnvaders</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/">Werken van de Kerkvaders</a> - vertalingen in het Engels</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kerkvaders.be">Leerhuis van de Kerkvaders</a> - lessenreeks, leesavonden en colloquia over de Kerkvaders</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:6B669DBE-F681-11E9-9639-C36B765DA7FD#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-1155,-150,4010,2986">Hiëronymus in zijn studeervertrek</a>. <i>lib.ugent.be</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-10-02">2 oktober 2020</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&oldid=67846215">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerkvader&oldid=67846215</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Kerkvader" title="Categorie:Kerkvader">Kerkvader</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Christendom_in_de_Romeinse_oudheid" title="Categorie:Christendom in de Romeinse oudheid">Christendom in de Romeinse oudheid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Studiegebied_binnen_de_theologie" title="Categorie:Studiegebied binnen de theologie">Studiegebied binnen de theologie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 19 jul 2024 om 21:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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