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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#850"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>850</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-850-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.3</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food_and_Drink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_Drink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3.1</span> <span>Food and Drink</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_and_Drink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-851" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#851"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>851</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-851-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-852" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#852"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>852</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-852-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Andalus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Andalus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>Al-Andalus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Andalus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-853" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#853"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>853</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-853-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-854" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#854"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>854</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-854-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-855" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#855"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>855</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-855-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.2</span> <span>Central Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbasid_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbasid_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.4</span> <span>Abbasid Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbasid_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-856" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#856"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>856</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-856-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-857" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#857"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>857</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-857-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2.1</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-858" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#858"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>858</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-858-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-859" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#859"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>859</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-859-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iberian_Peninsula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberian_Peninsula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Iberian Peninsula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberian_Peninsula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.3</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.5</span> <span>Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">850s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_850" title="عقد 850 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 850" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_850" title="Anyos 850 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 850" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_850" title="Década del 850 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 850" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="৮৫০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৮৫০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="850 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="850 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D1%8F" title="850-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="850-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-e" title="850-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="850-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_850" title="Bloavezhioù 850 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 850" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_850" title="Dècada del 850 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 850" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="850-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="850-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/850au" title="850au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="850au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%27erne" title="850'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="850'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_850" title="عوام 850 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 850" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/850er" title="850er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="850er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/850._aastad" title="850. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="850. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_850" title="An 850 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 850" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="850 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="850 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_850" title="Años 850 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 850" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850eko_hamarkada" title="850eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="850eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۸۵۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۸۵۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%C3%A1rini" title="850-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="850-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_850" title="Années 850 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 850" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/850id%C3%AD" title="850idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="850idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/850an" title="850an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="850an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_850" title="Década de 850 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 850" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="850년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="850년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/851%E2%80%93860" title="851–860 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="851–860" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_850" title="Anni 850 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 850" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-50_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-9" title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-9 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-9" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="850-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="850-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_850" title="Miaka ya 850 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 850" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="850-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="850-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_850" title="Anni 850 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 850" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-es_%C3%A9vek" title="850-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="850-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="850-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="850-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ८५० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ८५० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="850-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="850-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_850" title="عقد 850 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 850" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="850 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="850 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_xihuitl" title="850 xihuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="850 xihuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-859" title="850-859 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="850-859" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%C3%A5rene" title="850-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="850-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_850" title="Annaées 850 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 850" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="850 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="850 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-lar" title="850-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="850-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_850" title="Década de 850 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 850" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_850" title="Anii 850 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 850" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_watakuna" title="850 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="850 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="850-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="850-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/850s" title="850s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="850s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_850" title="Vitet 850 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 850" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/850ini" title="850ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="850ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/850s" title="850s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="850s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/50._roky_9._storo%C4%8Dia" title="50. roky 9. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="50. roky 9. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/850." title="850. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="850." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%B5" title="850-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="850-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-e" title="850-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="850-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-luku" title="850-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="850-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-talet" title="850-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="850-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="850-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="850-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_850_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 850 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 850 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="850ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="850ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D1%82%D1%96" title="850-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="850-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="850ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="850ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_850" title="Thập niên 850 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 850" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_850" title="Anêyes 850 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 850" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_nga_dekada" title="850 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="850 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q272704#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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century">9th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_century" title="10th century">10th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/830s" title="830s">830s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/840s" title="840s">840s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">850s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/860s" title="860s">860s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/870s" title="870s">870s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_850" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_851" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 851">851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_852" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 852">852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_853" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_854" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 854">854</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_855" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 855">855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_856" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 856">856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_857" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 857">857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_858" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_859" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 859">859</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:850s_births" title="Category:850s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:850s_deaths" title="Category:850s deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:850s_establishments" title="Category:850s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:850s_disestablishments" title="Category:850s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>850s</b> decade ran from January 1, 850, to December 31, 859. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="850">850</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_850" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 850">AD 850</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_850&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_850&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Ramiro_I_of_Asturias" title="Ramiro I of Asturias">Ramiro I</a> dies in his palace at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Naranco" title="Santa María del Naranco">Santa María del Naranco</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>), after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_I_of_Asturias" title="Ordoño I of Asturias">Ordoño I</a>, as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> raiders, led by King <a href="/wiki/Rorik_of_Dorestad" title="Rorik of Dorestad">Rorik</a>, conquer <a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>). Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> recognizes him as ruler of most of <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Friesland</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II</a>, the eldest son of Lothair I, is crowned joint emperor by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Pope Leo IV</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and becomes co-ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Frankish Kingdom</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_mac_Alpin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth mac Alpin">Kenneth I</a> (also called <b>Kenneth MacAlpin</b>) of <a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>) invades <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Northern Northumbria</a> during the period of 850–<a href="/wiki/858" title="858">858</a>, burning <a href="/wiki/Dunbar" title="Dunbar">Dunbar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Scottish_Borders" title="Melrose, Scottish Borders">Melrose</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pillar_of_Eliseg" title="Pillar of Eliseg">Pillar of Eliseg</a> is erected by King <a href="/wiki/Cyngen_ap_Cadell" title="Cyngen ap Cadell">Cyngen ap Cadell</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>), as a <a href="/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial">memorial</a> to his great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Elisedd_ap_Gwylog" title="Elisedd ap Gwylog">Elisedd ap Gwylog</a> (or <b>Eliseg</b>) (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_East"> Middle East</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a> issues a decree that orders Jews and Christians to wear the <a href="/wiki/Zunnar" title="Zunnar">zunnar</a>, honey-coloured outer garments and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">badge-like patches</a> on their on their servants' clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Stillman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stillman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Japan"> Japan</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō">Ninmyō</a> dies after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Montoku</a>, as the 55th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">emperor of Japan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="India"> India</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>It is hypothesized that sometime around 850 a group of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> pilgrims travelling through a valley near <a href="/wiki/Roopkund" title="Roopkund">Roopkund</a> (modern India) were killed when caught out in the open in a sudden <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hailstorm</a>. Their remains were discovered in <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mesoamerica"> Mesoamerica</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uxmal" title="Uxmal">Uxmal</a> becomes the capital of a large state in the <a href="/wiki/Puuc" title="Puuc">Puuk</a> hills region of northern <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" title="Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatán</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>). The city is connected by causeways (<i><a href="/wiki/Sacbe" title="Sacbe">sakbe</a></i>) to other important Puuk sites, such as <a href="/wiki/Kabah_(Maya_site)" title="Kabah (Maya site)">K'abah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayil" title="Sayil">Sayil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Labna" title="Labna">Labna</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Food_and_Drink"> Food and Drink</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Food and Drink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coffee" title="History of coffee">Coffee</a> is discovered (according to <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legend</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopian</a> goatherder <a href="/wiki/Kaldi" title="Kaldi">Kaldi</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, who notices that his <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> become energetic after chewing the red <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">berries</a> from certain wild bushes (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850&action=edit&section=T-10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gunther_(archbishop_of_Cologne)" title="Gunther (archbishop of Cologne)">Gunther</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cologne" title="Archbishop of Cologne">archbishop of Cologne</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Perfectus" title="Perfectus">Perfecto</a>, a Christian <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> in Muslim <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>, is executed (<a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">beheaded</a>) after he refuses to retract critical comments he made about <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="851">851</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_851" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 851">AD 851</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_851&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_851&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=851&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=851&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagrat_II_Bagratuni" title="Bagrat II Bagratuni">Bagrat II Bagratuni</a>, Armenian prince and leader of a rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>, is captured by the Abbasid army, and brought to the caliphal capital of <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Samarra" title="Abbasid Samarra">Samarra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaurent1919117–118,_122_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaurent1919117–118,_122-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197642–43_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197642–43-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_2"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=851&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> raiders enter the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a>, and plunder <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. They land at <a href="/wiki/Wembury" title="Wembury">Wembury</a> near <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, but are defeated by <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> forces led by King <a href="/wiki/Ethelwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethelwulf">Ethelwulf of Wessex</a>. His eldest son <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan_of_Kent" title="Æthelstan of Kent">Æthelstan of Kent</a>, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">Ealdorman</a> Ealhhere, attacks a Viking fleet off the coast at <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich</a>, and captures nine of the enemy vessels while the remainder flees.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=851&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_al-Tajir" title="Sulaiman al-Tajir">Suleiman al-Tajir</a>, Muslim merchant and traveller, visits <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a>. He observes the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_porcelain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese porcelain">Chinese porcelain</a> at <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, and writes of his admiration for its transparent quality. Suleiman also describes the <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> at Guangzhou, its <a href="/wiki/Granaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Granaries">granaries</a>, its local government administration, some of its written records, and the treatment of travellers, along with the use of ceramics, <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">rice wine</a>, and tea (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=851&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jengland" title="Battle of Jengland">Battle of Jengland</a>: Duke <a href="/wiki/Erispoe" title="Erispoe">Erispoe</a> takes command of the <a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Breton</a> forces after his father <a href="/wiki/Nominoe" title="Nominoe">Nominoe</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a>, dies. He continues an offensive against the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> in alliance with <a href="/wiki/Lambert_II_of_Nantes" title="Lambert II of Nantes">Lambert II of Nantes</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a> near <a href="/wiki/Grand-Fougeray" title="Grand-Fougeray">Grand-Fougeray</a> (Brittany), Erispoe defeats a <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish</a>-<a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxon</a> army (4,000 men) led by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jengland#Treaty_of_Angers" title="Battle of Jengland">Treaty of Angers</a>: Charles the Bald meets Erispoe in <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>, and acknowledges him as "king of Brittany". He recognizes the authority of Breton rule over the areas around <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nantes" title="County of Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Rennes" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Rennes">Rennes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_Retz" title="Pays de Retz">Pays de Retz</a>, which become part of the <a href="/wiki/Marches_of_Neustria" title="Marches of Neustria">Breton March</a>, a border zone. Erispoe takes the <a href="/wiki/Oath" title="Oath">oath</a> to Charles as king of the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> (but not an <i>hommage lige</i> which would be an <a href="/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">allegiance</a>). To mark the sovereignty of the Breton state, the future <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Brittany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Brittany">Dukes of Brittany</a> are crowned as "Duke, king in their lands".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September – King <a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Pepin II of Aquitaine</a> is captured by the forces of Count <a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_S%C3%A1nchez_of_Gascony" title="Sancho II Sánchez of Gascony">Sans II Sancion</a>, and handed over to Charles the Bald. He is detained in the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_St._Medard,_Soissons" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons">Saint Medard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soissons" title="Soissons">Soissons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> meets with his (half) brothers <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a> and Charles the Bald in <a href="/wiki/Meerssen" title="Meerssen">Meerssen</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>), to continue the system of "con-fraternal government".</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista of Pamplona</a> dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="García Íñiguez of Pamplona">García Íñiguez</a>, as king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Pamplona">Pamplona</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Navarra">Navarra</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=851&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=851&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Samarra" title="Great Mosque of Samarra">Great Mosque of Samarra</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>) is completed during the reign of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">Al-Mutawakkil</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="852">852</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_852" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 852">AD 852</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_852&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_852&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=852&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=852&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Trpimir I</a>, duke (<i><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">knez</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Croatia</a>, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Trpimirovi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Trpimirović dynasty">Trpimirović dynasty</a>, issues a first state document in <a href="/wiki/Bija%C4%87i" title="Bijaći">Bijaći</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavonic peoples</a>. In this <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> document Trpimir refers to himself as the "duke of the <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>" (dux Chroatorum), and to his country as the "state of the Croats" (regnum Chroatorum).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presian_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Presian I of Bulgaria">Presian I</a>, ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian Empire</a>, dies after a 23-year reign in which the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgarians</a> have expanded into <a href="/wiki/Upper_Macedonia" title="Upper Macedonia">Upper Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a>, as monarch of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.</li> <li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> and his (half) brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> join forces to remove the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> from the island of <a href="/wiki/Oissel" title="Oissel">Oscelles</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">River Seine</a>. After this fails, Charles again pays them <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danegeld" title="Danegeld">Danegeld</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_3"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=852&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A Viking fleet of 350 vessels enters the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a> before turning north, and engages the Mercian forces under King <a href="/wiki/Beorhtwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Beorhtwulf">Beorhtwulf</a>. The Mercians are defeated, and retreat to their settlements. The Vikings then turn south and cross the river somewhere in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>; there they are slaughtered by a <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">West Saxon</a> army, led by King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf">Æthelwulf</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Aethelbald_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Aethelbald of Wessex">Aethelbald</a>, at Oak Field (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aclea" title="Battle of Aclea">Aclea</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan_of_Kent" title="Æthelstan of Kent">Æthelstan</a>, the eldest son of Æthelwulf, is killed by a Viking raiding party. He is succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelberht of Wessex">Æthelberht</a>, who becomes sub-king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a>, Surrey and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a> (approximate date).</li> <li>Beorhtwulf dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Burgred_of_Mercia" title="Burgred of Mercia">Burgred</a> as king of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Al-Andalus"> Al-Andalus</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=852&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Al-Andalus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_II" title="Abd ar-Rahman II">Abd al-Rahman II</a>, Umayyad <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a>, dies after a 30-year reign in which he has made additions to the <a href="/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba">Mosque–Cathedral</a> at <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Muhammad I of Córdoba">Muhammad I</a>, who will put down several revolts of the <a href="/wiki/Muwallad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwallad">Muwalladun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozarabs" title="Mozarabs">Mozarabs</a> in Muslim controlled areas in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=852&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Aviation"> Aviation</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=852&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>According to a 17th century account, the Andalusian inventor <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Firnas#Armen_Firman" title="Abbas ibn Firnas">Abbas ibn Firnas</a> makes a tower jump in Córdoba. He wraps himself with vulture feathers and attaches two wings to his arms. The alleged attempt to fly is not recorded in earlier sources and is ultimately unsuccessful, but the garment slows his fall enough that he only sustains minor injuries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=852&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandersheim_Abbey" title="Gandersheim Abbey">Gandersheim Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) is founded by Duke <a href="/wiki/Liudolf,_Duke_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Liudolf, Duke of Saxony">Liudolf of Saxony</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="853">853</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_853" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 853">AD 853</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_853&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_853&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=853&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=853&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Damietta_(853)" title="Sack of Damietta (853)">sacks and destroys</a> the port city of <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a>, located on the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. A large quantity of weapons and supplies intended for the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a> are captured.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=853&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Danish <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> attempt to subjugate the <a href="/wiki/Curonians" title="Curonians">Curonians</a> on the shoreline of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, but they are repulsed. King <a href="/wiki/Olof_(I)_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Olof (I) of Sweden">Olof</a> leads Swedish Vikings in retaliation, and attacks the towns of <a href="/wiki/Grobi%C5%86a" title="Grobiņa">Seeburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apuol%C4%97" title="Apuolė">Apuolė</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Courland" title="Courland">Courland</a>).</li> <li>Viking marauders in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> sail eastward from <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> without opposition, and reach <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monasteries</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Florent-le-Vieil" title="Saint-Florent-le-Vieil">Saint-Florent-le-Vieil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marmoutier_Abbey,_Tours" title="Marmoutier Abbey, Tours">Marmoutier</a> are ravaged.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> bribes <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a>, ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian Empire</a>, to form an <a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">alliance</a> against his brother <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Rastislav_of_Moravia" title="Rastislav of Moravia">Rastislav of Moravia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg_242_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg_242-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauzbert,_Count_of_Maine" title="Gauzbert, Count of Maine">Gauzbert</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Maine_(province)" title="Maine (province)">Maine</a>, is killed during an <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambush</a> by citizens of Nantes, in revenge for the death of <a href="/wiki/Lambert_II_of_Nantes" title="Lambert II of Nantes">Lambert II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_4"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=853&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Burgred_of_Mercia" title="Burgred of Mercia">Burgred of Mercia</a> appeals to <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf">Æthelwulf</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">West Saxons</a>, for help against the rebellious Welsh king <a href="/wiki/Rhodri_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodri the Great">Rhodri the Great</a>. Æthelwulf agrees to send help, and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> is subdued as far north as <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WPCleanerAuto1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPCleanerAuto1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Burgred (who inherited his crown last year)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> marries Æthelwulf's daughter <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelswith" title="Æthelswith">Æthelswith</a>, during a <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremony</a> at the royal estate at <a href="/wiki/Chippenham" title="Chippenham">Chippenham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WPCleanerAuto1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPCleanerAuto1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China_2"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=853&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duan_Chengshi" title="Duan Chengshi">Tuan Ch'eng-Shih</a>, Chinese author and scholar during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a>, publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Morsels_from_Youyang" title="Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang">Miscellaneous Offerings from Yu-yang</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=853&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=853&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Fraum%C3%BCnster" title="Fraumünster">Fraumünster</a> Church in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>) is founded by <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="854">854</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_854" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 854">AD 854</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_854&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_854&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=854&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=854&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> meets his (half) brothers (<a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Attigny,_Ardennes" title="Attigny, Ardennes">Attigny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a> for the third time, to continue the system of "con-fraternal government".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> chieftains <a href="/wiki/Rorik_of_Dorestad" title="Rorik of Dorestad">Rorik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Godfrid_Haraldsson" title="Godfrid Haraldsson">Godfrid Haraldsson</a> return to <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, to gain power after the death of King <a href="/wiki/Horik_I" title="Horik I">Horik I</a>. During a <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a>, they are forced to go back to <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Friesland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The German city of <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a> is first mentioned, in a document by <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_battle_of_854" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854">Croatian–Bulgarian battle</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">Knyaz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attacks the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Littoral_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Littoral Croatia">Duchy of Littoral Croatia</a>, ruled by Duke <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Trpimir I</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Croatian–Bulgarian wars">First Croatian-Bulgarian War</a>. It is fought on the Croatian territory in the vicinity of the Croatian–Bulgarian border<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in present-day northeastern <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>. None of the warring sides emerges victorious, Bulgarian forces retreat and finally both parties subsequently conclude a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_5"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=854&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf">Æthelwulf of Wessex</a> sends his two youngest sons, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelred of Wessex">Æthelred</a>, on a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asc853_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asc853-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelweard_of_East_Anglia" title="Æthelweard of East Anglia">Æthelweard of East Anglia</a> dies, and is succeeded by his 14-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Edmund_the_Martyr" title="Edmund the Martyr">Edmund</a> ("the Martyr").<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Cyngen_ap_Cadell" title="Cyngen ap Cadell">Cyngen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> makes the first pilgrimage to Rome of a Welsh ruler.</li> <li>Viking chieftain <a href="/wiki/Ubba" title="Ubba">Ubba</a> winters in <a href="/wiki/Milford_Haven" title="Milford Haven">Milford Haven</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>) with 23 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=854&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=854&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eardulf_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eardulf of Lindisfarne">Eardulf</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lindisfarne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Lindisfarne">bishop of Lindisfarne</a>, after the death of <a href="/wiki/Eanbert_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eanbert of Lindisfarne">Eanbert</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="855">855</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_855" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 855">AD 855</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_855&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_855&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=855&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=855&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theoktistos" title="Theoktistos">Theoktistos</a>, co-regent of the Empire on behalf of 15-year old Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a>, is murdered on the orders of Michael.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Central_Europe"> Central Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=855&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Central Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> dies after a 15-year reign (co-ruling with his father <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> until <a href="/wiki/840" title="840">840</a>). He divides the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Frankish Kingdom</a> between his three sons in an agreement called the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pr%C3%BCm" title="Treaty of Prüm">Treaty of Prüm</a>—the eldest, <a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis II</a>, receives the northern half of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and the title of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. The second, <a href="/wiki/Lothair_II" title="Lothair II">Lothair II</a>, receives <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Burgundy" title="Upper Burgundy">Upper Burgundy</a>). The youngest, <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Provence" title="Charles of Provence">Charles</a>, receives <a href="/wiki/Lower_Burgundy" title="Lower Burgundy">Lower Burgundy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_6"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=855&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf">Æthelwulf of Wessex</a> decides to go on a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, accompanied by his youngest son <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred</a> (age 6) and a large <a href="/wiki/Retinue" title="Retinue">retinue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbels199872_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbels199872-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He divides the kingdom between his two eldest sons; <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelbald of Wessex">Æthelbald</a> receives the western part of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>, while <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelberht of Wessex">Æthelberht</a> becomes ruler over <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Abbasid_Caliphate"> Abbasid Caliphate</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=855&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Abbasid Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a> sends an <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> army, led by the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic people">Turkic</a> general <a href="/wiki/Bugha_al-Kabir" title="Bugha al-Kabir">Bugha al-Kabir</a>, to suppress an uprising of rebellious <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">Armenian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Nakharar" title="Nakharar">nakharars</a></i>. He subdues the country, and deports many <a href="/wiki/Armenian_nobility" title="Armenian nobility">Armenian nobles</a> to the caliphal capital of <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Samarra" title="Abbasid Samarra">Samarra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197683–86_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197683–86-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=855&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=855&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Pope Leo IV</a> dies after an 8-year reign, and is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_III" title="Pope Benedict III">Benedict III</a> as the 104th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of Rome. <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_Bibliothecarius" title="Anastasius Bibliothecarius">Anastasius</a> is made <a href="/wiki/Anti-pope" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pope">anti-pope</a> by Lothair I.</li> <li>Æthelwulf grants churches in Wessex the right to receive <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithes</a>. He gives one-tenth of his lands to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1904186_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1904186-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Slavic alphabet</a> is created by <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="856">856</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_856" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 856">AD 856</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_856&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_856&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=856&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_3"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=856&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a> overthrows the regency of his mother <a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora</a>. He appoints his uncle <a href="/wiki/Bardas" title="Bardas">Bardas</a> as the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> and co-ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold450-1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold450-1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=856&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> cedes the county of <a href="/wiki/Maine_(province)" title="Maine (province)">Maine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Erispoe" title="Erispoe">Erispoe</a>, ruler (<a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a>—this in return for an <a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">alliance</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_I_of_Asturias" title="Ordoño I of Asturias">Ordoño I of Asturias</a> is said to have begun the repopulation of the town of <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a> in the northwest of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_7"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=856&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf">Æthelwulf of Wessex</a> marries the 12- or 13-year-old <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Flanders" title="Judith of Flanders">Judith</a>, daughter of Charles the Bald, at <a href="/wiki/Verberie" title="Verberie">Verberie</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>). She is crowned queen and <a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hincmar" title="Hincmar">Hincmar</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Reims" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims">Reims</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> is a diplomatic alliance between <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Winter – Æthelwulf returns to Wessex to face a revolt by his eldest son <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelbald of Wessex">Æthelbald</a>, who usurps the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>. Æthelwulf agrees to give up the western part of his kingdom, in order to avoid a <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a>. He keeps control over <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a>, over which Prince <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelberht of Wessex">Æthelberht</a> has presided.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeynes19987Abels200289_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeynes19987Abels200289-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_7"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=856&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Geology"> Geology</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=856&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> (approximate date) – An <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Corinth" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Corinth">Corinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> kills an estimated 45,000 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – Another earthquake strikes the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>), also killing an estimated 45,000 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – Another <a href="/wiki/856_Damghan_earthquake" title="856 Damghan earthquake">earthquake</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/Damghan" title="Damghan">Damghan</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>), killing an estimated 200,000 people.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="857">857</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_857" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 857">AD 857</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_857&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_857&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=857&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_4"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=857&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a>, under the influence of his uncle <a href="/wiki/Bardas" title="Bardas">Bardas</a>, banishes his mother <a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sancaktar_Hayrettin_Mosque" title="Sancaktar Hayrettin Mosque">Gastria Monastery</a>. Bardas, the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>, becomes the most powerful person in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold450-1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold450-1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=857&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erispoe" title="Erispoe">Erispoe</a>, ruler (<a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Brittany" title="Kingdom of Brittany">Brittany</a>, is assassinated by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Salomon,_King_of_Brittany" title="Salomon, King of Brittany">Salomon</a> and followers, in the church at <a href="/wiki/Talensac" title="Talensac">Talensac</a>. King <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> acknowledges Salomon as the rightful 'king' of Brittany.</li> <li>A Danish <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> fleet raids the cities of <a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>. Others sail up the <a href="/wiki/Oise_(river)" title="Oise (river)">Oise River</a>, ravaging <a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germer-de-Fly" title="Saint-Germer-de-Fly">Saint-Germer-de-Fly</a> (approximate date).</li> <li>Viking chieftain <a href="/wiki/Rorik_of_Dorestad" title="Rorik of Dorestad">Rorik</a>, with the agreement of King <a href="/wiki/Lothair_II" title="Lothair II">Lothair II</a>, leaves Dorestad with a fleet and forces his rival <a href="/wiki/Horik_II" title="Horik II">Horik II</a> to recognise him as ruler over <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_8"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=857&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Medicine"> Medicine</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=857&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first recorded major outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Ergotism" title="Ergotism">ergotism</a> kills thousands of people in the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine Valley</a>. They have eaten <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> infected with the <a href="/wiki/Ergot" title="Ergot">ergot</a> fungus parasite <i><a href="/wiki/Claviceps_purpurea" title="Claviceps purpurea">Claviceps purpurea</a></i> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="858">858</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_858" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 858">AD 858</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_858&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_858&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=858&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_8"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=858&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – King <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>, summoned by the disaffected <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish</a> nobles, invades the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> and secures <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> for his nephew <a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Pepin II</a> ("the Younger"). King <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> flees to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>; he is saved by the help of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a>, and by the fidelity of the family of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welfs</a>, who are related to <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Bavaria_(died_843)" title="Judith of Bavaria (died 843)">Judith</a> (second wife of former emperor <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> raiders, led by <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ironside" title="Björn Ironside">Björn Ironside</a>, set fire to the earliest church on the site of <a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartres Cathedral</a>. Charles the Bald pays him <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danegeld" title="Danegeld">Danegeld</a>) to save <a href="/wiki/Verberie" title="Verberie">Verberie</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_8"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=858&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf">Æthelwulf of Wessex</a> dies after an 18-year reign, and is succeeded by his eldest son <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelbald of Wessex">Æthelbald</a>. He marries his father's young widow <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Flanders" title="Judith of Flanders">Judith</a> (daughter of Charles the Bald), and becomes sole ruler of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>. His brother, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelberht of Wessex">Æthelberht</a>, is left to rule <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> and the south-east of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpin" title="Kenneth MacAlpin">Kenneth I</a> (Cináed mac Ailpín), king of the <a href="/wiki/Scots_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots people">Scots</a>, dies after a 15-year reign in which he has been crowned at <a href="/wiki/Scone,_Perth_and_Kinross" class="mw-redirect" title="Scone, Perth and Kinross">Scone</a>, and united the various parts of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> with his native <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a>. His 46-year-old brother succeeds as <a href="/wiki/Domnall_mac_Ailp%C3%ADn" title="Domnall mac Ailpín">Donald I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_2"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=858&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Montoku</a> dies after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seiwa" title="Emperor Seiwa">Seiwa</a> as the 56th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">emperor of Japan</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Yoshifusa" title="Fujiwara no Yoshifusa">Fujiwara no Yoshifusa</a> (Seiwa's grandfather) governing as <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> and great minister of the <a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D-kan" title="Daijō-kan">Council of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An enormous <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flood</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> inundates thousands of acres of <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_land" title="Agricultural land">farmland</a> and kills tens of thousands of people in the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_9"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=858&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_7"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=858&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_III" title="Pope Benedict III">Pope Benedict III</a> dies after a 3-year reign, in which he has intervened in a political conflict between the sons of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a>. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a>, as the 105th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Councils_of_Quierzy" title="Councils of Quierzy">Synod of Quierzy</a>: The bishops remain loyal to Charles the Bald during the invasion of his <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a> by Louis the German.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They address a conciliatory letter to Louis the German, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Isidorian_Decretals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals">False Decretals</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios I</a>, patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, is imprisoned by orders of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a>, and replaced by the layman <a href="/wiki/Photius_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Photius I of Constantinople">Photius I</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="859">859</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_859" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 859">AD 859</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_859&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_859&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=859&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_9"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=859&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – Battle of St. Quentin: Frankish forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Humfrid" title="Humfrid">Humfrid</a>, defeat King <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin,_Aisne" title="Saint-Quentin, Aisne">Saint-Quentin</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>). Humfrid is <a href="/wiki/Feoffment" title="Feoffment">enfeoffed</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Autun" title="Autun">County of Autun</a>, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Margrave of Burgundy</a>, by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>.</li> <li>Summer – The <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> chieftains <a href="/wiki/Hastein" title="Hastein">Hastein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ironside" title="Björn Ironside">Björn Ironside</a> (a son of <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Lodbrok" title="Ragnar Lodbrok">Ragnar Lodbrok</a>) begin an expedition, and sail from the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire River</a> with a fleet of 62 ships, to raid cities and <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monasteries</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Viking raiders invade the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Pamplona">Kingdom of Pamplona</a> (Western <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>), and capture King <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="García Íñiguez of Pamplona">García Íñiguez I</a>, somewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusian</a> heartland. They extort a <a href="/wiki/Ransom" title="Ransom">ransom</a>, rising to around 70,000 <a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">gold dinars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez200725_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez200725-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Russian city of <a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a> is first mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Sofia_First_Chronicle" title="Sofia First Chronicle">Sofia Chronicles</a>.</li> <li>Winter – The weather is so severe that the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> freezes, and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> is covered in snow for 100 days.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Iberian_Peninsula"> Iberian Peninsula</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=859&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Iberian Peninsula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Laturce" title="Battle of Monte Laturce">Battle of Albelda</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_I_of_Asturias" title="Ordoño I of Asturias">Ordoño I of Asturias</a>, and his ally García Íñiguez I, defeat the Muslims under <a href="/wiki/Musa_ibn_Musa_ibn_Qasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi">Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Albelda" title="Albelda">Albelda</a>.</li> <li>Viking raiders burn the mosques of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-rucquoi1993_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rucquoi1993-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=859&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Al_Quaraouiyine" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Al Quaraouiyine">University of Al Karaouine</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Fes,_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes, Morocco">Fes</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>), by <a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Fihri" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatima al-Fihri">Fatima al-Fihri</a> (recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of World Records">Guinness Book of World Records</a> as the oldest university in the world).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China_3"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=859&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xu%C4%81nzong_of_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Xuānzong of Tang">Xuān Zong</a> (<b>Li Yi</b>) dies after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his eldest son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Yizong of Tang">Yi Zong</a>, as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Syria"> Syria</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=859&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/859_Syrian_coast_earthquake" title="859 Syrian coast earthquake">859 Syrian coast earthquake</a>. It affected the Mediterranean coast of <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Antonopoulos_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antonopoulos-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It caused almost the complete destruction of <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jableh" title="Jableh">Jableh</a>, major damage at <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> and led to many deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambraseys_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambraseys-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">Al-Mutawakkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelwulf_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethelwulf of Wessex">Ethelwulf of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardas" title="Bardas">Bardas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth I of Scotland">Kenneth I of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_the_Black" title="Halfdan the Black">Halfdan the Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Khwarizmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi">Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/850" title="850">850</a>, <a href="/wiki/851" title="851">851</a>, <a href="/wiki/852" title="852">852</a>, <a href="/wiki/853" title="853">853</a>, <a href="/wiki/854" title="854">854</a>, <a href="/wiki/855" title="855">855</a>, <a href="/wiki/856" title="856">856</a>, <a href="/wiki/857" title="857">857</a>, <a href="/wiki/858" title="858">858</a>, and <a href="/wiki/859" title="859">859</a></div> <p><b>850</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_II_of_Ifriqiya" title="Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya">Ibrahim II</a>, emir of the <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/902" title="902">902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Zayd al-Balkhi">Abu Zayd al-Balkhi</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics in medieval Islam">mathematician</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/934" title="934">934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Paris" title="Adelaide of Paris">Adelaide</a>, queen of the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> (or <a href="/wiki/853" title="853">853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribo_of_Austria" title="Aribo of Austria">Aribo of Austria</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf of Carinthia</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Frankish Kingdom</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/899" title="899">899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berno_of_Cluny" title="Berno of Cluny">Berno of Cluny</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Guangting" title="Du Guangting">Du Guangting</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Taoist_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist priest">Taoist priest</a> and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/933" title="933">933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerolf_of_Holland" title="Gerolf of Holland">Gerolf of Holland</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Friesland</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Fairhair" title="Harald Fairhair">Harald Fairhair</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatto_I_(archbishop_of_Mainz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatto I (archbishop of Mainz)">Hatto I</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_I,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Herbert I, Count of Vermandois">Herbert I</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Vermandois" title="Vermandois">Vermandois</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermenegildo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Hermenegildo Gutiérrez">Hermenegildo Gutiérrez</a>, Galician <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/912" title="912">912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald">Hucbald</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theorist</a> (or <a href="/wiki/840" title="840">840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_no_Tomonori" title="Ki no Tomonori">Ki no Tomonori</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">poet</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onneca_Fort%C3%BAnez" title="Onneca Fortúnez">Onneca Fortúnez</a>, Basque princess (or <a href="/wiki/848" title="848">848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulf_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Ranulf II of Aquitaine">Ranulf II</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/890" title="890">890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginar,_Duke_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Reginar, Duke of Lorraine">Reginar I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Lorraine</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seiwa" title="Emperor Seiwa">Seiwa</a>, emperor of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/878" title="878">878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smbat_I_of_Armenia" title="Smbat I of Armenia">Smbat I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuotilo" title="Tuotilo">Tuotilo</a>, German monk and composer (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>851</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Duke_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Duke of Saxony">Otto I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxony</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>852</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> and king (d. <a href="/wiki/932" title="932">932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mystikos" title="Nicholas Mystikos">Nicholas I Mystikos</a>, Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">patriarch</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/925" title="925">925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xingmi" title="Yang Xingmi">Yang Xingmi</a>, Chinese governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/905" title="905">905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengard_of_Italy" title="Ermengard of Italy">Ermengard of Italy</a>, queen regent of Provence (d. <a href="/wiki/896" title="896">896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Quanyi" title="Zhang Quanyi">Zhang Quanyi</a>, Chinese warlord (d. <a href="/wiki/926" title="926">926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Wen</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/912" title="912">912</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>853</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jafar_al-Tahawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Jafar al-Tahawi">Abu Jafar al-Tahawi</a>, Muslim scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/933" title="933">933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a>, Muslim theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/944" title="944">944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Paris" title="Adelaide of Paris">Adelaide</a>, queen of the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> (or <a href="/wiki/850" title="850">850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Yin" title="Ma Yin">Ma Yin</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> and king (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>854</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid" title="Al-Mu'tadid">Al-Mu'tadid</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> (or <a href="/wiki/861" title="861">861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadell_ap_Rhodri" title="Cadell ap Rhodri">Cadell ap Rhodri</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Seisyllwg" title="Seisyllwg">Seisyllwg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/909" title="909">909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_Yin" title="Cui Yin">Cui Yin</a>, chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/904" title="904">904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_the_Elder" title="Theobald the Elder">Theobald the Elder</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/942" title="942">942</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>855</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Ali_ibn_al-Furat" title="Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat">Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/924" title="924">924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Aurillac" title="Gerald of Aurillac">Gerald of Aurillac</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaimar_I_of_Salerno" title="Guaimar I of Salerno">Guaimar I of Salerno</a>, Lombard prince (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Jian_(Zhenguo_warlord)" title="Han Jian (Zhenguo warlord)">Han Jian</a>, Chinese warlord (d. <a href="/wiki/912" title="912">912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Hao" title="Jing Hao">Jing Hao</a>, Chinese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/915" title="915">915</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>856</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a> governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/908" title="908">908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen" title="Li Maozhen">Li Maozhen</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> and king (d. <a href="/wiki/924" title="924">924</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>857</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%27oe_Ch%27i-w%C5%8Fn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn">Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn</a>, Korean philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Korean_poetry" title="Korean poetry">poet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunjin" title="Li Cunjin">Li Cunjin</a>, general of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/922" title="922">922</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>858</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Battani" title="Al-Battani">Al-Battani</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">astronomer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics in medieval Islam">mathematician</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/929" title="929">929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cele_Dabhaill_mac_Scannal" title="Cele Dabhaill mac Scannal">Cele Dabhaill mac Scannal</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/927" title="927">927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jixing" title="Gao Jixing">Gao Jixing</a>, founder of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a> (d. 929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Gui" title="He Gui">He Gui</a>, general of <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/919" title="919">919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Wu_(Qian_Liu%27s_wife)" title="Lady Wu (Qian Liu's wife)">Lady Wu</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a> (d. 919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xun_(Later_Liang)" title="Liu Xun (Later Liang)">Liu Xun</a>, general of Later Liang (d. <a href="/wiki/921" title="921">921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_Al-Hallaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansur Al-Hallaj">Mansur al-Hallaj</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> writer (d. <a href="/wiki/922" title="922">922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niftawayh" title="Niftawayh">Niftawayh</a>, Muslim scholar and grammarian (d. <a href="/wiki/935" title="935">935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard, Duke of Burgundy">Richard</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature#Poetry" title="Persian literature">poet</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jun" title="Tian Jun">Tian Jun</a>, Chinese warlord (d. <a href="/wiki/903" title="903">903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juhan" title="Zhang Juhan">Zhang Juhan</a>, official of Later Liang (d. <a href="/wiki/928" title="928">928</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>859</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydi</a> <a href="/wiki/Imam_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam of Yemen">Imam of Yemen</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_911" title="AD 911">911</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Isa_al-Jarrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah">Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vizier_(Abbasid_Caliphate)" title="Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)">vizier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/946" title="946">946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo I</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> (or <a href="/wiki/860" title="860">860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph I of Burgundy">Rudolph I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/912" title="912">912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannet_of_Pagan" title="Tannet of Pagan">Tannet of Pagan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/904" title="904">904</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/850" title="850">850</a>, <a href="/wiki/851" title="851">851</a>, <a href="/wiki/852" title="852">852</a>, <a href="/wiki/853" title="853">853</a>, <a href="/wiki/854" title="854">854</a>, <a href="/wiki/855" title="855">855</a>, <a href="/wiki/856" title="856">856</a>, <a href="/wiki/857" title="857">857</a>, <a href="/wiki/858" title="858">858</a>, and <a href="/wiki/859" title="859">859</a></div> <p><b>850</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ramiro_I_of_Asturias" title="Ramiro I of Asturias">Ramiro I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō">Ninmyō</a>, emperor of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/AD_808" title="AD 808">808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Perfectus" title="Perfectus">Perfectus</a>, Spanish monk and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wei_Fu" title="Wei Fu">Wei Fu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalarius" title="Amalarius">Amalarius</a>, Frankish archbishop (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishr_the_Barefoot" title="Bishr the Barefoot">Bishr al-Hafi</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanred_of_Northumbria" title="Eanred of Northumbria">Eanred</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangbo_Xiyun" title="Huangbo Xiyun">Huangbo Xiyun</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Mus%27abi" title="Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Mus'abi">Ishaq ibn Ibrahim</a>, Muslim official and advisor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Deyu" title="Li Deyu">Li Deyu</a>, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/AD_787" title="AD 787">787</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_M%C5%ABs%C4%81_al-Khw%C4%81rizm%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī">Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī</a>, Persian mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maura_of_Troyes" title="Maura of Troyes">Maura of Troyes</a>, Frankish noblewoman and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/827" title="827">827</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachibana_no_Kachiko" title="Tachibana no Kachiko">Tachibana no Kachiko</a>, empress of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/786" title="786">786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Stephen of Liège">Stephen of Liège</a>, Frankish bishop (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlastimir" title="Vlastimir">Vlastimir</a>, Serbian prince (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Septimania" title="William of Septimania">William of Septimania</a>, Frankish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/826" title="826">826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Lin_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Zhou Lin (Tang dynasty)">Zhou Lin</a>, governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i>) of the Tang Dynasty</li></ul> <p><b>851</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nominoe" title="Nominoe">Nominoe</a>, king (or <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ebbo" title="Ebbo">Ebbo</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Reims" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sisenandus_of_Beja" title="Sisenandus of Beja">Sisenandus</a>, deacon and martyr<sup id="cite_ref-AgiologioLusitano_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AgiologioLusitano-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A1ed_mac_Conaing" title="Cináed mac Conaing">Cináed mac Conaing</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Brega" title="Kings of Brega">Brega</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_of_Tours" title="Ermengarde of Tours">Ermengarde of Tours</a>, Frankish empress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Pamplona">Pamplona</a> (or <a href="/wiki/852" title="852">852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Yahya_ibn_Mu%27adh" title="Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh">Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh</a>, Muslim governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor_Frideborg" title="Mor Frideborg">Mor Frideborg</a>, Swedish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noblewoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ishaq_ibn_Ibrahim" title="Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim">Muhammad ibn Ishaq</a>, Muslim governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93lchobar_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda" title="Ólchobar mac Cináeda">Ólchobar mac Cináeda</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radelchis_I_of_Benevento" title="Radelchis I of Benevento">Radelchis I</a>, prince (or duke) of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siconulf_of_Salerno" title="Siconulf of Salerno">Siconulf</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Salerno" title="Principality of Salerno">Salerno</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlastimir" title="Vlastimir">Vlastimir</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Serbia</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Chi" title="Zhou Chi">Zhou Chi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang Dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/793" title="793">793</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>852</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd-ar-rahman_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-ar-rahman II">Abd al-Rahman II</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/792" title="792">792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan_of_Kent" title="Æthelstan of Kent">Æthelstan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleran" title="Aleran">Aleran</a>, Frankish count and <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_and_Natalia" title="Aurelius and Natalia">Aurelius and Natalia</a>, Christian <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beorhtwulf_of_Mercia" title="Beorhtwulf of Mercia">Beorhtwulf</a> (<b>Bright Wolf</b>), king of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Mu" title="Du Mu">Du Mu</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a> and official (b. <a href="/wiki/803" title="803">803</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredelo,_Count_of_Toulouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredelo, Count of Toulouse">Fredelo</a>, Frankish count (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Klak" title="Harald Klak">Harald Klak</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Pamplona">Pamplona</a> (or <a href="/wiki/851" title="851">851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Ibn_Rahwayh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh">Ishaq ibn Rahwayh</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> (or <a href="/wiki/853" title="853">853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_II_of_Nantes" title="Lambert II of Nantes">Lambert II</a>, Frankish count and <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jue_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Li Jue (Tang dynasty)">Li Jue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presian_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Presian I of Bulgaria">Presian I</a>, ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian Empire</a></li></ul> <p><b>853</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Haymo_of_Halberstadt" title="Haymo of Halberstadt">Haymo</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Halberstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ilgen%C3%A1n_mac_Donngaile" title="Áilgenán mac Donngaile">Áilgenán mac Donngaile</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Spain" title="Columba of Spain">Columba</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nun</a> and martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealhere" class="mw-redirect" title="Ealhere">Ealhere</a>, Kentish thegn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauzbert,_Count_of_Maine" title="Gauzbert, Count of Maine">Gauzbert</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Maine_(province)" title="Maine (province)">Maine</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Ishaq ibn Isma'il">Ishaq ibn Isma'il</a>, emir of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Tbilisi" title="Emirate of Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Ibn_Rahwayh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh">Ishaq ibn Rahwayh</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> (or <a href="/wiki/852" title="852">852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanti_Kakhi" title="Konstanti Kakhi">Konstanti Kakhi</a>, Georgian <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/768" title="768">768</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ono_no_Takamura" title="Ono no Takamura">Ono no Takamura</a>, Japanese scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/802" title="802">802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodrada" title="Theodrada">Theodrada</a>, Frankish abbess, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (or <a href="/wiki/844" title="844">844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasena" title="Virasena">Virasena</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">mathematician</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/792" title="792">792</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>854</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Thawr" title="Abu Thawr">Abu Thawr</a>, Muslim scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/764" title="764">764</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelweard_of_East_Anglia" title="Æthelweard of East Anglia">Æthelweard</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanbert_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eanbert of Lindisfarne">Eanbert</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horik_I" title="Horik I">Horik I</a>, Viking king of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liudger_of_Utrecht" title="Liudger of Utrecht">Liudger</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_principality_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal principality of Utrecht">Utrecht</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osburh" title="Osburh">Osburh</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahnun" title="Sahnun">Sahnun ibn Sa'id</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">jurist</a> (or <a href="/wiki/855" title="855">855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAathal_mac_M%C3%A1ele-Brigte" title="Túathal mac Máele-Brigte">Túathal mac Máele-Brigte</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yuankui" title="Wang Yuankui">Wang Yuankui</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/812" title="812">812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmund_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Wigmund (archbishop of York)">Wigmund</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_York" title="Diocese of York">York</a></li></ul> <p><b>855</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/790" title="790">790</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gozbald" title="Gozbald">Gozbald</a>, abbot and bishop of <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a>, Frankish king and emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/795" title="795">795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theoktistos" title="Theoktistos">Theoktistos</a>, Byzantine chief minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Metz" title="Drogo of Metz">Drogo of Metz</a>, illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/801" title="801">801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_method" title="Scholarly method">scholar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/780" title="780">780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boso_the_Elder" title="Boso the Elder">Boso the Elder</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/March_of_Turin" title="March of Turin">Turin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9py-en-Valois" title="Crépy-en-Valois">Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyngen_ap_Cadell" title="Cyngen ap Cadell">Cyngen ap Cadell</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisedd_ap_Cyngen" title="Elisedd ap Cyngen">Elisedd ap Cyngen</a>, king of Powys (Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_I,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Pepin I, Count of Vermandois">Pepin</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Vermandois" title="Vermandois">Vermandois</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahnun" title="Sahnun">Sahnun ibn Sa'id</a>, Muslim jurist (or <a href="/wiki/854" title="854">854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sico_of_Salerno" title="Sico of Salerno">Sico II</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Salerno" title="Principality of Salerno">Salerno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>856</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aldric_of_Le_Mans" title="Aldric of Le Mans">Aldric</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Le_Mans" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Elector_of_Mainz" title="Elector of Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Nagara" title="Fujiwara no Nagara">Fujiwara no Nagara</a>, Japanese statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/802" title="802">802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theutbald_I_(bishop_of_Langres)" title="Theutbald I (bishop of Langres)">Theutbald I</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Langres" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres">Langres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florinus_of_Rem%C3%BCs" title="Florinus of Remüs">Florinus of Remüs</a>, Frankish priest and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrid_Haraldsson" title="Godfrid Haraldsson">Godfrid Haraldsson</a>, Viking chieftain (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerin_of_Provence" title="Guerin of Provence">Guerin</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (or <a href="/wiki/845" title="845">845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_ibn_Asad" title="Ilyas ibn Asad">Ilyas ibn Asad</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_Abu_%27l-Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas">Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas</a>, Muslim emir</li></ul> <p><b>857</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eulogius_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Eulogius of Córdoba">Eulogius</a>, Spanish priest and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dae_Ijin" title="Dae Ijin">Dae Ijin</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erispoe" title="Erispoe">Erispoe</a>, king (<a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Brittany" title="Kingdom of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harith_al-Muhasibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Harith al-Muhasibi">Harith al-Muhasibi</a>, Muslim teacher (b. <a href="/wiki/781" title="781">781</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilderic_of_Farfa" title="Hilderic of Farfa">Hilderic of Farfa</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Yang" title="Kim Yang">Kim Yang</a>, viceroy of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> (Korea) (b. <a href="/wiki/AD_808" title="AD 808">808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masawaiyh" title="Masawaiyh">Yuhanna ibn Masawaiyh</a>, Assyrian physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matud%C3%A1n_mac_Muiredaig" title="Matudán mac Muiredaig">Matudán mac Muiredaig</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhi" title="Ma Zhi">Ma Zhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munseong_of_Silla" title="Munseong of Silla">Munseong</a>, king of Silla (Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Roderick" title="Saint Roderick">Roderick</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> and saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shaoding" title="Wang Shaoding">Wang Shaoding</a>, Chinese governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Aktham" title="Yahya ibn Aktham">Yahya ibn Aktham</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Faq%C4%ABh" title="Faqīh">jurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Lang" title="Zheng Lang">Zheng Lang</a>, chancellor of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziryab" title="Ziryab">Ziryab</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">poet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">musician</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/789" title="789">789</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>858</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf of Wessex">Æthelwulf</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpin" title="Kenneth MacAlpin">Kenneth I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/810" title="810">810</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_III" title="Pope Benedict III">Benedict III</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Montoku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_Montoku.jpg/120px-Emperor_Montoku.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_Montoku.jpg/250px-Emperor_Montoku.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leuthard_II_of_Paris" title="Leuthard II of Paris">Leuthard II</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Paris" title="Count of Paris">count</a> (or <a href="/wiki/869" title="869">869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shangyin" title="Li Shangyin">Li Shangyin</a>, Chinese official and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhuan" title="Liu Zhuan">Liu Zhuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/796" title="796">796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_(Nestorian_patriarch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosius (Nestorian patriarch)">Theodosius</a>, patriarch of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Mo" title="Wei Mo">Wei Mo</a>, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/793" title="793">793</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>859</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xu%C4%81nzong_of_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Xuānzong of Tang">Xuān Zong</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/810" title="810">810</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Angilbert_II" title="Angilbert II">Angilbert II</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Nun_al-Misri" title="Dhul-Nun al-Misri">Dhul-Nun al-Misri</a>, Egyptian scholar and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/796" title="796">796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immo_(bishop_of_Noyon)" title="Immo (bishop of Noyon)">Immo</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Noyon" title="Ancient Diocese of Noyon">Noyon</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Shang" title="Lu Shang">Lu Shang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/789" title="789">789</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Gualae" title="Máel Gualae">Máel Gualae</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1963" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Wilmer Lynn (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G1FKAQAAMAAJ"><i>Roman and Frankish Government in the Low Countries, 57 B.C. – 925 A.D.</i></a> University of California. p. 247.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+and+Frankish+Government+in+the+Low+Countries%2C+57+B.C.+%E2%80%93+925+A.D.&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Wilmer+Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG1FKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stillman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stillman_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStillman2022" class="citation book cs1">Stillman, Norman (June 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YUB0EAAAQBAJ"><i>Arab Dress, A Short History: From the Dawn of Islam to Modern Times</i></a>. BRILL. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-49162-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-49162-5"><bdi>978-90-04-49162-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Dress%2C+A+Short+History%3A+From+the+Dawn+of+Islam+to+Modern+Times&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft.isbn=978-90-04-49162-5&rft.aulast=Stillman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYUB0EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaurent1919117–118,_122-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaurent1919117–118,_122_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaurent1919">Laurent 1919</a>, pp. 117–118, 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197642–43-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197642–43_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976">Ter-Ghewondyan 1976</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Hill (2009): <i>The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great</i>, p. 14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5">978-1-59416-087-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smi_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Julia M. H. <i>Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians</i>. Cambridge University Press: 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Annales_Bertiniani" title="Annales Bertiniani">Annales Bertiniani</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Higounet, 39 n57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Hill (2009). <i>The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great</i>, p. 14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5">978-1-59416-087-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBury1912">Bury 1912</a>, pp. 292–293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldberg_242-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldberg_242_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2006">Goldberg 2006</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chronique de Saint-Maixent</i>, p. 59. "<i>Gaubert, comte du Maine tomba dans une embuscade des Nantais et fut tué</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPCleanerAuto1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WPCleanerAuto1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPCleanerAuto1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Hill (2009). <i>The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great</i>, p. 15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5">978-1-59416-087-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.tiscali.nl/gjallar/Bronnen_AB.htm">Norsemen in the Low Countries: Extracts from the Annales Bertiniani, 855 entry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614030318/http://home.tiscali.nl/gjallar/Bronnen_AB.htm">Archived</a> June 14, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/zeit-magazin/2016/48/stadtgeburtstag-alter-staedte-deutschlandkarte">Zeit.de: Das Alter der Städte</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boris-I">"Boris I"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2021-11-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boris+I&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBoris-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFine2021" class="citation book cs1">Fine, John van Antwerp (13 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C&pg=PA106"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans, page 112</i></a>. The University of Michigan Press, 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0472081493" title="Special:BookSources/978-0472081493"><bdi>978-0472081493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%2C+page+112&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan+Press%2C+1983&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.isbn=978-0472081493&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+van+Antwerp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeliso2021" class="citation book cs1">Deliso, Christopher (13 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sLD_DwAAQBAJ&dq=croatian+bulgarian+battle.&pg=PA48"><i>The History of Croatia and Slovenia, page 46</i></a>. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2020, Santa Barbara, California. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440873232" title="Special:BookSources/9781440873232"><bdi>9781440873232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Croatia+and+Slovenia%2C+page+46&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+LLC%2C+2020%2C+Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.isbn=9781440873232&rft.aulast=Deliso&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsLD_DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcroatian%2Bbulgarian%2Bbattle.%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asc853-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asc853_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ASC</i> 854 - English translation at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/657/pg657.html">Project Gutenberg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirby, <i>The Earliest English Kings</i>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milfordhaventowncouncil.org.uk/Milford%20History%20Section/history_time_line_main.htm">Milford Haven Town Council website <i>History</i>, Chronology of Events</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313120153/http://www.milfordhaventowncouncil.org.uk/Milford%20History%20Section/history_time_line_main.htm">Archived</a> March 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbels199872-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbels199872_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbels1998">Abels 1998</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Hill (2009). <i>The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great</i>, p. 17. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5">978-1-59416-087-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197683–86-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197683–86_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976">Ter-Ghewondyan 1976</a>, pp. 83–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1904186-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1904186_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevenson1904">Stevenson 1904</a>, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold450-1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold450-1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold450-1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, pp. 450–451.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Hill (2009). <i>The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great</i>, p. 18. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-087-5">978-1-59416-087-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeynes19987Abels200289-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeynes19987Abels200289_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeynes1998">Keynes 1998</a>, p. 7; <a href="#CITEREFAbels2002">Abels 2002</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles the Bald - NNDB.com - English translation <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.geni.com/people/Charles-II-the-Bald-Emperor/6000000005588616059">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Varley, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowman, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eleanor Shipley Duckett, <i>Carolingian Portraits: A Study in the Ninth Century</i>, U. Mich. Press, 1989, p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haywood, John (1995). <i>The Historical Atlas of the Vikings</i>, pp. 58–59. Penguin Books: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-051328-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-051328-0">0-14-051328-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez200725-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez200725_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartínez_Díez2007">Martínez Díez 2007</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYanko-Hombach2006" class="citation book cs1">Yanko-Hombach, Valentina (2006). <i>The Black Sea Flood Question</i>. Springer. p. 638. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1402047746" title="Special:BookSources/1402047746"><bdi>1402047746</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Sea+Flood+Question&rft.pages=638&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1402047746&rft.aulast=Yanko-Hombach&rft.aufirst=Valentina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rucquoi1993-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rucquoi1993_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRucquoi1993" class="citation book cs1">Rucquoi, Adeline (1993). <i>Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique</i>. Paris: Seuil. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-02-012935-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-02-012935-3"><bdi>2-02-012935-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vale+de+la+P%C3%A9ninsule+ib%C3%A9rique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Seuil&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=2-02-012935-3&rft.aulast=Rucquoi&rft.aufirst=Adeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antonopoulos-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Antonopoulos_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAntonopoulos1980" class="citation journal cs1">Antonopoulos, J. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/4702/4786">"<i>Data from investigation of seismic Sea waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from 500 to 1000 A.D.</i>"</a>. <i>Annals of Geophysics</i>. <b>33</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4401%2Fag-4701">10.4401/ag-4701</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Data+from+investigation+of+seismic+Sea+waves+events+in+the+Eastern+Mediterranean+from+500+to+1000+A.D.&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4401%2Fag-4701&rft.aulast=Antonopoulos&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annalsofgeophysics.eu%2Findex.php%2Fannals%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F4702%2F4786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ambraseys-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ambraseys_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmbraseys2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ambraseys" title="Nicholas Ambraseys">Ambraseys, N.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FzXSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT955"><i>Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900</i></a> (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">243–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-34785-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-34785-0"><bdi>978-1-316-34785-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earthquakes+in+the+Mediterranean+and+Middle+East%3A+A+Multidisciplinary+Study+of+Seismicity+up+to+1900&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E243-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-316-34785-0&rft.aulast=Ambraseys&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFzXSBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMadelung2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, W.</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8582">"al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Peri_J._Bearman" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri J. Bearman">Bearman, P. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bianquis" title="Thierry Bianquis">Bianquis, Th.</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume XII:<i> Supplement</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">334–</span>335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13974-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13974-9"><bdi>978-90-04-13974-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-%E1%B8%A4%C4%81d%C4%AB+Ila+%27l-%E1%B8%A4a%E1%B8%B3%E1%B8%B3&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+XII%3A+Supplement&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E334-%3C%2Fspan%3E335&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13974-9&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_8582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AgiologioLusitano-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AgiologioLusitano_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSousa1744" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sousa, António Caetano de (1744). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agiologiolusitan04card_0"><i>Agiologio Lusitano dos santos, e varoens illustres em virtude do Reino de Portugal, e suas Conquistas</i></a> [<i>Lusitanian Hagiology, of the saints and men illustrious in their virtue from the Kingdom of Portugal</i>] (in Portuguese). Vol. <b> </b>Volume IV. Lisbon: Regia Officina Sylviana, e da Academia Real. pp. <span class="nowrap">199–</span>201.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agiologio+Lusitano+dos+santos%2C+e+varoens+illustres+em+virtude+do+Reino+de+Portugal%2C+e+suas+Conquistas&rft.place=Lisbon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E199-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.pub=Regia+Officina+Sylviana%2C+e+da+Academia+Real&rft.date=1744&rft.aulast=Sousa&rft.aufirst=Ant%C3%B3nio+Caetano+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fagiologiolusitan04card_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-III">"Benedict III | pope"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Benedict+III+%7C+pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBenedict-III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=850s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbels1998" class="citation book cs1">Abels, Richard (1998). <i>Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England</i>. Harlow, UK: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-04047-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-04047-7"><bdi>0-582-04047-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfred+the+Great%3A+War%2C+Kingship+and+Culture+in+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.place=Harlow%2C+UK&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-582-04047-7&rft.aulast=Abels&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbels2002" class="citation journal cs1">Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/haskinssocietyjo00step/page/83">"Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex"</a>. <i>The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History</i>. <b>12</b>. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/haskinssocietyjo00step/page/83">83–97</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781846150852-007">10.1515/9781846150852-007</a> (inactive November 1, 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-008-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-008-6"><bdi>1-84383-008-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt81qkc">10.7722/j.ctt81qkc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Haskins+Society+Journal%3A+Studies+in+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Royal+Succession+and+the+Growth+of+Political+Stability+in+Ninth-Century+Wessex&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=83-97&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7722%2Fj.ctt81qkc%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781846150852-007&rft.isbn=1-84383-008-6&rft.aulast=Abels&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhaskinssocietyjo00step%2Fpage%2F83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBury1912" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._B._Bury" title="J. B. Bury">Bury, John Bagnell</a> (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryeastern00burygoog"><i>A History of the Eastern Roman Empire from the Fall of Irene to the Accession of Basil I (A.D. 802–867)</i></a>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Eastern+Roman+Empire+from+the+Fall+of+Irene+to+the+Accession+of+Basil+I+%28A.D.+802%E2%80%93867%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Bury&rft.aufirst=John+Bagnell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistoryeastern00burygoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Eric J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oyiTg0wgl58C"><i>Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817–876</i></a>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801438905" title="Special:BookSources/9780801438905"><bdi>9780801438905</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struggle+for+Empire%3A+Kingship+and+Conflict+under+Louis+the+German%2C+817%E2%80%93876&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780801438905&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoyiTg0wgl58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeynes1998" class="citation book cs1">Keynes, Simon (1998). "King Alfred and the Mercians". In Blackburn, Mark A. S.; Dumville, David N. (eds.). <i>Kings, Currency and Alliances: History and Coinage of Southern England in the Ninth Century</i>. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-598-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-598-7"><bdi>0-85115-598-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=King+Alfred+and+the+Mercians&rft.btitle=Kings%2C+Currency+and+Alliances%3A+History+and+Coinage+of+Southern+England+in+the+Ninth+Century&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-85115-598-7&rft.aulast=Keynes&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaurent1919" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laurent, Joseph L. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cefael.efa.gr/detail.php?site_id=1&actionID=page&serie_id=BefarA&volume_number=117&issue_number=0"><i>L'Arménie entre Byzance et l'Islam: depuis la conquête arabe jusqu'en 886</i></a> (in French). Paris: De Boccard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Arm%C3%A9nie+entre+Byzance+et+l%27Islam%3A+depuis+la+conqu%C3%AAte+arabe+jusqu%27en+886&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=De+Boccard&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Laurent&rft.aufirst=Joseph+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcefael.efa.gr%2Fdetail.php%3Fsite_id%3D1%26actionID%3Dpage%26serie_id%3DBefarA%26volume_number%3D117%26issue_number%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Díez2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). <i>Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus</i> (in Spanish). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-96467-47-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-96467-47-7"><bdi>978-84-96467-47-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sancho+III+el+Mayor+Rey+de+Pamplona%2C+Rex+Ibericus&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Marcial+Pons+Historia&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-84-96467-47-7&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+D%C3%ADez&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1904" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, William Henry (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125000734208"><i>Asser's Life of King Alfred</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1354216">1354216</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asser%27s+Life+of+King+Alfred&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1354216&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgri_33125000734208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aram_Ter-Ghevondyan" title="Aram Ter-Ghevondyan">Ter-Ghewondyan, Aram</a> (1976) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rbedrosian_gmail_Aeba"><i>The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Nina_Garso%C3%AFan" title="Nina Garsoïan">Garsoïan, Nina</a>. Lisbon: <a href="/wiki/Livraria_Bertrand" title="Livraria Bertrand">Livraria Bertrand</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/490638192">490638192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Emirates+in+Bagratid+Armenia&rft.place=Lisbon&rft.pub=Livraria+Bertrand&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F490638192&rft.aulast=Ter-Ghewondyan&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frbedrosian_gmail_Aeba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Treadgold" title="Warren Treadgold">Treadgold, Warren</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A850s" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=850s&oldid=1256374674">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=850s&oldid=1256374674</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:850s" title="Category:850s">850s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_September_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2017">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 November 2024, at 17:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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