CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e235bb248202',cH: 'A2Mnvz_pmQuq5JvgEjJqGEczUjP1YaSnMViRw7d1CWA-1739785936-1.2.1.1-gyxDFXks9SfT.RcOGUKlTHggQkpm9F48mGYqP9y4yrG5fiP9mHEIAFQphP4oLEIA',cUPMDTk: "\/10004169\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=e53rQiSiR3vJz_hu3jWPcU8OT2hf_EYLJomh0pu_aWE-1739785936-1.0.1.1-MTGWzJDeTVBAw_qGt7H.GhjYPKjGiZfP5frfYvVYDtc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785936',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10004169\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=e53rQiSiR3vJz_hu3jWPcU8OT2hf_EYLJomh0pu_aWE-1739785936-1.0.1.1-MTGWzJDeTVBAw_qGt7H.GhjYPKjGiZfP5frfYvVYDtc",md: "_K6Hh8CKIFCIj4cXpE9.qkS9.xgHKZVQbyAl8P4gWFQ-1739785936-1.2.1.1-YmG60s.2Ekf_0ayqdc0fe0lds7dUPkxx.ysL.BmPt2tAUyJZwoa_MdiZgXm2ZaequhmyBFlc6oB6ISrt89JRRIinaSkC3zGlijab49Sr4g.GX9t0gPXlqOl2czRe39w01SktvRIx1Xd0JHqqJFvX4GCroxpWIZbC1NB2kxD3WyB_.uB2B._WIk0wC8Tc.gDy5Z1C9GHac9AQqKRdLTRmSAMDsH3ybBV2tcVPDKsIPwakE0wKMChVdQET1Av00LXOpp7syHjfvaubS4.stC5PJDX2YIdVlc1XD9hZ7cNeYRx9b9pwSnQRw3ZnP81BxD9kvv9zNReAVaxCS5o3zqMCAmGDtMSYWMNZvIDOQ90_YJBqrrYYvy1qI1.MQ4q8uZA8lhJjCgFktqtS_Sp6.XBATxOGyGRSVU2zI8cz5CZJwZ7nkHp7_sVoqL.RydgM7YsaumCSIyQjshzRenJn8xxOjOFne8j2ahYIacZqTEFafebZGJMY.rA_xM18ngAmQizW7LfxBjAdggPfwPDRzUcoi.E0_7UxtVv5kt3UeWTO.m69oD7W6uAicZcqTNU6Jm6SudpWoahHIFGfHSk5TcMa24NQm5snVmsmXXlNZQ1Iq4_MiHWC.VeutCTj2XIxTYdA6ro7ignO.FU9ftn5nnllrchkNtZNAIRxgVzx4RssdQ2xulcacbNHL701Y9TmHiOeYxbYbQUYkKK12ayW33jRevEuCpU3tGYq3WFk9BkJ_x9OXEzeQk9QONQ.i3WKTcnebdECoK3ccy4WWDgjK50liUzp_DeftIw.e2iq2mNJlk6jAS7mFQGUl8mx6n1X.WqCQS6ea93uGE5Tz1pnjAPd5egc4n.CfMljW8PjEW7jWB.0mq4rcvax3.uMOGY3vGvdLp6IAnW1CgdL2zJwm4UMFuUXP_4NTzl2DExN4n7kkHDm3qAF20N_shlBFGjwYR2gmf3tcdGu7q7sB_O3NaUki2FwQIZ2MmnRAb_ZJrltGa6E8B3LWR4K.6gupQeat_rT.I_kUg.AdCTZiwKykiYraUtFD8QLBge8FKmsuevFGb_TJIuL56GYUOxpx2IK8cnNf5a07QV.IJH9CKr2XMkLqS6B6ouzqY4I6FNSqGuAhezvB8A9r3gCwzJpNfxrodZXt0B2pKjb2df7k1vHlrAFY3U3k9TxVw1Tm5_85TPzb9SYvmHh9EwWt3WN_JzV1lQQc68cU4.h8.OROQeocx2K4e7rlPuAbChwFHqRRLMM6EjzYtu49Y1Ar2cICvdSt_IFl5bUzRDF76ifoRJEX4ujv67QUNifz1BA3F8OJcHddyColk0YbxMGoSOm4uKR7hszjKhG2tFo4mPZsl9V1wudPwpvqy2m2i6kRKVS2uOHYVITE4qSBWvOKFVi23GpBXuk8mY5NOxcd8U1mZzEXcCz6cwYe3utzJr8i0wCkff0GFOF5UEEmAEOEadPrr66uRFagCTDdzVRSHtLEGZpvL4S5NpkG5ZyJRpxWuLMKU25gugSYTmRTESaw8GINMG4ifTz_2PRSwTgcgXqPJIsHS8QkXVj1YIRK1ULb5lOnn_MdMQnYsriS7qI.qnJuIto0SEdR0bbmlbX4A1FDUT2tlap.x_G00SsWiXUOHOt6gn8uLbKXMBRRN_IgxiRtg2AWg36MbJ_C5dA3pd3GksxYcPdstwJvrTA1umTFlUZ24D2MJ4s2SBj7ibpFmMhS9gtSlS0ARR4LFR0tEsfnIFSHn.Ib27fOVQOxEWayWE2TKChBTdr8DpDMbv8d37vY9cIXHTo9NYQ49yrfhvQ6GPJP2vw28r1HAbY9_ypjSW8FCXEUmZOrspmpoMqItAo3qkgR_p1YDQrC_H2GDL9TZ0w6OD2FKOMhP6Z4xb3TeaJfnCfQ7c",mdrd: "XlqA6C1NwRFpsHpn4xPhZ.ftODuHr8kUrirHbZ0zDhc-1739785936-1.2.1.1-X0WKz1KDznO3jmzUVsViE5BPssi0Qq1LhdGvakc87NCFZlPYPTs6HAnhHSoQmCmkJTzfTUTu4qus_JXKZ_Qh1VlWGImejINKGVFylmLjDVo3d.IuJ4h0k2rV7JGNM_O93CzL.AezqEvU0cSh.G1BdmjiVsaIJVKLtFbn8OmwAOC97vYHWqxwYMQuBfgXgIQUKUS6nhWu6BaJTLOug7xIpztGnu_YuXYtZsWKEY03wjtabhBwv_GugPrSBYLgEbqjceihTn97lQQKYqMgOqmeDLOJKHT8Fl95TTHHClRY67Wz_0npWpZvRbZueF4TLLWKTOMe.HEr4ZgRgue.56uRG6xm6oJSdBhziL2PbqwcDgxU3cAolh8wywip1tGgJEY6Z0eBJFIe1_NKuAoO0oR1Ut8O2Uxs3pk0dIZEotdlm_tUTEpjQ_XkY1JqCH8ddVEbq2yU4dgSm03XnODIolVu58tPtkGz.FBfwTGIcMpGSmj7Q7lEImSelyixlF8Afttgyn1IvQ4a.YDlLHUPhmgS7LK8Hr6rt0h_Ilnwa0XBhDGmWUvhh0WrIO6eQPViiUQUc9XwFm6YWBZTM4r.7Im60nUeHSPdbSvRqKqv3hcBv5CIYuiuN9F7jjrnldXsQQLhpCViq.Bkx7jtVyBfQ_1uMuOB8MbRJFMJ.o1rHgTv4NfNiHlVdD8vVKgXXludQYroYHZW6nHH3sSBUlqG5Tg1zBoconvqTeko4_pEAvfckm7lUvi2bfthQkSkmBzK.lReRi3qpRDVikZwY5tG1tQnqBmzqovkZuq8U29Wag7N39qdQAPX2yNXiuuNjLb29NoGEzBVhJ06AzbomqsuUkb1GtMlfXS1qmElev7ZRMdJYfYVVpWKdipaTRUvZMpYUTRiaptgu49ugE.KLYA.bheOj8FiX2xwCy7dyhHjlPv9lIzfsTpkkhmPAKQ8P4iLjobt5Mjv06JzxQ8d.inA6.TKqIgrYewP7peXqyggmIF2xcAqCUjB5FuyT3lYruVdY9kqnbrPZpG2pgUgaPsyJsMk3oPxFlgElUEVGVQkQ2QjbN_ERmJN6wxV404.tzyKQcH1kPk39UBypgCGVLxPy43YxYQqJs1vJjkAZ1U5RIizfIt8M9HeXVkVux6Rb_DhSULKBZ6lwHiwC_rumxwEKCwHeVAOPFMotCHNlsjWaaT4IJMpkaiDH8Oy55EZbLpys8FgBR_ZA05T_.hbox3HbEYyP2791oYKqplj4aRLANdEBHET8QFkznuX55.8A9OSe04V4x1ZY42TGjQTjMkO703cBLo7zxcbT1OH3RHnirAIPrQt47_pmDrPc.FUUCJru_io_Cj0YMnFuK6spxzgtaeyAsz68ozSe66yNrZWnioIOLAk0im2.KQUOnqmUOq7HGDSKTu8RIBjyNdaaHbKmQXL9002nwSJ7ObM8_u3ZXMzNzZPCz2TOPrgLiIzm0l76gsy4rsJtLrF.IJg1rWBx6OjoySktHA1xN1zK2xysuW16DS_h41vLFqRqezLrVtD2NEvxX4qeIAFQlQyQCwptj8rJrc_sH94oAGkOYGF.iUom3wDyxV1GfYhaRamMRbfoE2_FQEu1ibqOoPlCJRKsa12RjK.V4UvjBJHhiasa3.bONKa5BklY1EzZ2npsviM0A5TbmErBRbyJXv0TwZJiKkpwum03FQVhsC05IUqVu6LTKGjJVZOXVBVuI5nHgpEVFuyuWWfWfLkUEdCA_xYmy9PSjFEangfnPcTX2v_k4f6XmaPh5XlRa7vua5kxnAO_l9vR4I.I65PQdCRdOMUic1XTXuhXmbtbYAnBNp8QBM4VEJIcsPkvVMYxboSTlxbDLw1ienTr.Bv_q3mtL6gbemfj4wCubCSs3cGcaFOlycYFQRIUZ6zakq1BDQVH3PLWvQYCikAFtjG13BFpIByzmD4UxT1t37w9qzqTlQBcvsVL40iSnkc.bXYAmlTQlqRWXNh"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e235bb248202';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10004169\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=e53rQiSiR3vJz_hu3jWPcU8OT2hf_EYLJomh0pu_aWE-1739785936-1.0.1.1-MTGWzJDeTVBAw_qGt7H.GhjYPKjGiZfP5frfYvVYDtc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>