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class="title" id="page_title"> 22 U.S. Code § 2708 - Department of State rewards program </h1> <div class="tabbable-panel"> <div class="tabbable-line"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs "> <li class="active"> <a data-toggle="tab" href="#tab_default_1"> U.S. Code </a> </li> <li> <a data-toggle="tab" href="#tab_default_2"> Notes </a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div id="prevnext"> <a href="/uscode/text/22/2707" title=" International communications and information policy; duties of Secretary of State">prev</a> | <a href="/uscode/text/22/2708a" title=" Award of Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service">next</a> </div> <div class="tab-pane active" id="tab_default_1">  <text><div class="text"> <div class="section"> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="a"></a><span class="num bold" value="a">(a)</span><span class="heading bold"> Establishment</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="a_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> In general</span> <div class="content"> <p>There is established a program for the payment of rewards to carry out the purposes of this section.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="a_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Purpose</span> <div class="content"> <p>The rewards program shall be designed to assist in the prevention of acts of international terrorism, international narcotics trafficking, serious violations of international humanitarian law, foreign election interference, transnational organized crime, and other related criminal acts.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="a_3"></a><span class="num bold" value="3">(3)</span><span class="heading bold"> Implementation</span> <div class="content"> <p>The rewards program shall be administered by the Secretary of State, in consultation, as appropriate, with the Attorney General.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="b"></a><span class="num bold" value="b">(b)</span><span class="heading bold"> Rewards authorized</span><span class="chapeau indent0">In the sole discretion of the Secretary (except as provided in subsection (c)(2)) and in consultation, as appropriate, with the heads of other relevant departments or agencies, the Secretary may pay a reward to any individual who furnishes information leading to—</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_1"></a><span class="num" value="1">(1)</span> <div class="content"> the arrest or conviction in any country of any individual for the commission of an act of international terrorism against a United States person or United States property;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_2"></a><span class="num" value="2">(2)</span> <div class="content"> the arrest or conviction in any country of any individual conspiring or attempting to commit an act of international terrorism against a United States person or United States property;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_3"></a><span class="num" value="3">(3)</span><span class="chapeau"> the arrest or conviction in any country of any individual for committing, primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, any narcotics-related offense if that offense involves or is a significant part of conduct that involves—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="b_3_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> a violation of United States narcotics laws such that the individual would be a major violator of such laws;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="b_3_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span><span class="chapeau"> the killing or kidnapping of—</span> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="b_3_B_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content"> any officer, employee, or contract employee of the United States Government while such individual is engaged in official duties, or on account of that individual’s official duties, in connection with the enforcement of United States narcotics laws or the implementing of United States narcotics control objectives; or</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="b_3_B_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span> <div class="content"> a member of the immediate family of any such individual on account of that individual’s official duties, in connection with the enforcement of United States narcotics laws or the implementing of United States narcotics control objectives; or</div> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="b_3_C"></a><span class="num" value="C">(C)</span> <div class="content"> an attempt or conspiracy to commit any act described in subparagraph (A) or (B);</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_4"></a><span class="num" value="4">(4)</span> <div class="content"> the arrest or conviction in any country of any individual aiding or abetting in the commission of an act described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), (8), (9), (10), or (14);</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_5"></a><span class="num" value="5">(5)</span> <div class="content"> the prevention, frustration, or favorable resolution of an act described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), (8), (9), (10), or (13), including by dismantling an organization in whole or significant part;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_6"></a><span class="num" value="6">(6)</span> <div class="content"> the identification or location of an individual who holds a key leadership position in a terrorist organization or transnational organized crime group;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_7"></a><span class="num" value="7">(7)</span><span class="chapeau"> the disruption of financial mechanisms of a foreign terrorist organization or transnational organized crime group, including the use by such organization or group of illicit narcotics production or international narcotics trafficking—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="b_7_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> to finance acts of international terrorism or transnational organized crime; or</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="b_7_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> to sustain or support any terrorist organization or transnational organized crime group;</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_8"></a><span class="num" value="8">(8)</span> <div class="content"> the arrest or conviction in any country of any individual for participating in, primarily outside the United States, transnational organized crime;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_9"></a><span class="num" value="9">(9)</span> <div class="content"> the arrest or conviction in any country of any individual conspiring to participate in or attempting to participate in transnational organized crime;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_10"></a><span class="num" value="10">(10)</span><span class="chapeau"> the arrest or conviction in any country, or the transfer to or conviction by an international criminal tribunal (including a hybrid or mixed tribunal), of any foreign national accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide (including war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide committed in Syria beginning in March 2011), as defined under—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="b_10_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> the statute of such country or tribunal, as the case may be; or</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="b_10_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> United States law;</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_11"></a><span class="num" value="11">(11)</span> <div class="content"> the identification or location of any person who, while acting at the direction of or under the control of a foreign government, aids or abets a violation of <a href="/uscode/text/18/1030">section 1030 of title 18</a>;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_12"></a><span class="num" value="12">(12)</span> <div class="content"> the disruption of financial mechanisms of any person who has engaged in the conduct described in section <a aria-label="22 USC 2914 a" href="/uscode/text/22/2914#a">2914(a)</a> or <a aria-label="22 USC 2914 b 1" href="/uscode/text/22/2914#b_1">2914(b)(1)</a> of this title;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_13"></a><span class="num" value="13">(13)</span> <div class="content"> the identification or location of a foreign person that knowingly engaged or is engaging in foreign election interference; or</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="b_14"></a><span class="num" value="14">(14)</span> <div class="content"> the prevention, frustration, or resolution of the hostage taking of a United States person, the identification, location, arrest, or conviction of a person responsible for the hostage taking of a United States person, or the location of a United States person who has been taken hostage, in any country.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="c"></a><span class="num bold" value="c">(c)</span><span class="heading bold"> Coordination</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="c_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> Procedures</span><span class="chapeau indent1">To ensure that the payment of rewards pursuant to this section does not duplicate or interfere with the payment of informants or the obtaining of evidence or information, as authorized to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_justice" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of Justice</span>, the offering, administration, and payment of rewards under this section, including procedures for—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="c_1_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> identifying individuals, organizations, and offenses with respect to which rewards will be offered;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="c_1_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> the publication of rewards;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="c_1_C"></a><span class="num" value="C">(C)</span> <div class="content"> the offering of joint rewards with foreign governments;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="c_1_D"></a><span class="num" value="D">(D)</span> <div class="content"> the receipt and analysis of data; and</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="c_1_E"></a><span class="num" value="E">(E)</span> <div class="content"> the payment and approval of payment,</div> </div> <div class="continuation indent1 firstIndent0">shall be governed by procedures developed by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="c_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Prior approval of Attorney General required</span> <div class="content"> <p>Before making a reward under this section in a matter over which there is Federal criminal jurisdiction, the Secretary of State shall obtain the concurrence of the Attorney General.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="d"></a><span class="num bold" value="d">(d)</span><span class="heading bold"> Funding</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> Authorization of appropriations</span> <div class="content"> <p>Notwithstanding section 102 of the <a href="/topn/foreign_relations_authorization_act_fiscal_years_1986_and_1987">Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987</a> (<a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-93">Public Law 99–93</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/99_Stat._408">99 Stat. 408</a>), but subject to paragraph (2), there are authorized to be appropriated to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span> from time to time such amounts as may be necessary to carry out this section.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Period of availability</span> <div class="content"> <p>Amounts appropriated under paragraph (1) shall remain available until expended.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="e"></a><span class="num bold" value="e">(e)</span><span class="heading bold"> Limitations and certification</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> Maximum amount</span> <div class="content"> <p>No reward paid under this section may exceed $25,000,000, except as personally authorized by the Secretary of State if he determines that offer or payment of an award of a larger amount is necessary to combat terrorism or defend the Nation against terrorist acts. Without first making such determination, the Secretary may authorize a reward of up to twice the amount specified in this paragraph for the capture or information leading to the capture of a leader of a foreign terrorist organization.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Approval</span> <div class="content"> <p>A reward under this section of more than $100,000 may not be made without the approval of the Secretary.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_3"></a><span class="num bold" value="3">(3)</span><span class="heading bold"> Certification for payment</span> <div class="content"> <p>Any reward granted under this section shall be approved and certified for payment by the Secretary.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_4"></a><span class="num bold" value="4">(4)</span><span class="heading bold"> Nondelegation of authority</span> <div class="content"> <p>The authority to approve rewards of more than $100,000 set forth in paragraph (2) may not be delegated.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_5"></a><span class="num bold" value="5">(5)</span><span class="heading bold"> Protection measures</span> <div class="content"> <p>If the Secretary determines that the identity of the recipient of a reward or of the members of the recipient’s immediate family must be protected, the Secretary may take such measures in connection with the payment of the reward as he considers necessary to effect such protection.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_6"></a><span class="num bold" value="6">(6)</span><span class="heading bold"> Forms of reward payment</span> <div class="content"> <p>The Secretary may make a reward under this section in the form of money, a nonmonetary item (including such items as automotive vehicles), or a combination thereof. Not later than 15 days before making a reward in a form that includes cryptocurrency, the Secretary of State shall notify the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_senate" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Senate</span> of such form for the reward.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="f"></a><span class="num bold" value="f">(f)</span><span class="heading bold"> Ineligibility</span> <div class="content"> <p>An officer or employee of any entity of Federal, State, or local government or of a foreign government who, while in the performance of his or her official duties, furnishes information described in subsection (b) shall not be eligible for a reward under this section.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="g"></a><span class="num bold" value="g">(g)</span><span class="heading bold"> Reports</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="g_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> Reports on payment of rewards</span> <div class="content"> <p>Not later than 30 days after the payment of any reward under this section, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees with respect to such reward. The report, which may be submitted in classified form if necessary, shall specify the amount of the reward paid, to whom the reward was paid, and the acts with respect to which the reward was paid. The report shall also discuss the significance of the information for which the reward was paid in dealing with those acts.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="g_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Annual reports</span> <div class="content"> <p>Not later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees with respect to the operation of the rewards program. The report shall provide information on the total amounts expended during the fiscal year ending in that year to carry out this section, including amounts expended to publicize the availability of rewards.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="g_3"></a><span class="num bold" value="3">(3)</span><span class="heading bold"> Advance notification for international criminal tribunal rewards</span> <div class="content"> <p>Not less than 15 days before publicly announcing that a reward may be offered for a particular foreign national accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, which may be submitted in classified form if necessary, setting forth the reasons why the arrest or conviction of such foreign national is in the national interests of the United States.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="g_4"></a><span class="num bold" value="4">(4)</span><span class="heading bold"> Reports on rewards authorized</span> <div class="content"> <p>Not less than 15 days after a reward is authorized under this section, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, which may be submitted in classified form if necessary to protect intelligence sources and methods, detailing information about the reward, including the identity of the individual for whom the reward is being made, the amount of the reward, the acts with respect to which the reward is being made, and how the reward is being publicized.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="h"></a><span class="num bold" value="h">(h)</span><span class="heading bold"> Publication regarding rewards offered by foreign governments</span> <div class="content"> <p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in the sole discretion of the Secretary, the resources of the rewards program shall be available for the publication of rewards offered by foreign governments regarding acts of international terrorism which do not involve United States persons or property or a violation of the narcotics laws of the United States.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="i"></a><span class="num bold" value="i">(i)</span><span class="heading bold"> Media surveys and advertisements</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="i_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> Surveys conducted</span> <div class="content"> <p>For the purpose of more effectively disseminating information about the rewards program, the Secretary may use the resources of the rewards program to conduct media surveys, including analyses of media markets, means of communication, and levels of literacy, in countries determined by the Secretary to be associated with acts of international terrorism.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="i_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Creation and purchase of advertisements</span> <div class="content"> <p>The Secretary may use the resources of the rewards program to create advertisements to disseminate information about the rewards program. The Secretary may base the content of such advertisements on the findings of the surveys conducted under paragraph (1). The Secretary may purchase radio or television time, newspaper space, or make use of any other means of advertisement, as appropriate.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="j"></a><span class="num bold" value="j">(j)</span><span class="heading bold"> Determinations of Secretary</span> <div class="content"> <p>A determination made by the Secretary under this section shall be final and conclusive and shall not be subject to judicial review.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="k"></a><span class="num bold" value="k">(k)</span><span class="heading bold"> Definitions</span><span class="chapeau indent0">As used in this section:</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> Act of international terrorism</span><span class="chapeau indent1">The term “act of international terrorism” includes—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_1_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> any act substantially contributing to the acquisition of unsafeguarded special nuclear material (as defined in paragraph (8) of <a href="/uscode/text/22/6305">section 6305 of this title</a>) or any nuclear explosive device (as defined in paragraph (4) of that section) by an individual, group, or non-nuclear-weapon state (as defined in paragraph (5) of that section); and</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_1_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> any act, as determined by the Secretary, which materially supports the conduct of international terrorism, including the counterfeiting of United States currency or the illegal use of other monetary instruments by an individual, group, or country supporting international terrorism as determined for purposes of <a aria-label="22 USC 4605 j 1 A" href="/uscode/text/22/4605#j_1_A">section 4605(j)(1)(A)</a> <a class="footnoteRef" href="#fn002202" id="fn002202-ref" name="fn002202-ref">[1]</a> of title 50.</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Appropriate congressional committees</span> <div class="content"> <p>The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_senate" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Senate</span>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_3"></a><span class="num bold" value="3">(3)</span><span class="heading bold"> Foreign person</span><span class="chapeau indent1">The term “foreign person” means—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_3_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> an individual who is not a United States person; or</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_3_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> a foreign entity.</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_4"></a><span class="num bold" value="4">(4)</span><span class="heading bold"> Foreign election interference</span><span class="chapeau indent1">The term “foreign election interference” means conduct by a foreign person that—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_4_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="clause indent2"><a name="k_4_A_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content"> violates Federal criminal, voting rights, or campaign finance law; or</div> </div> <div class="clause indent2"><a name="k_4_A_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span> <div class="content"> is performed by any person acting as an agent of or on behalf of, or in coordination with, a foreign government or criminal enterprise; and</div> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_4_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span><span class="chapeau"> includes any covert, fraudulent, deceptive, or unlawful act or attempted act, or knowing use of information acquired by theft, undertaken with the specific intent to significantly influence voters, undermine public confidence in election processes or institutions, or influence, undermine confidence in, or alter the result or reported result of, a general or primary Federal, State, or local election or caucus, including—</span> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="k_4_B_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content"> the campaign of a candidate; or</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="k_4_B_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span> <div class="content"> a ballot measure, including an amendment, a bond issue, an initiative, a recall, a referral, or a referendum.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_5"></a><span class="num bold" value="5">(5)</span><span class="heading bold"> Member of the immediate family</span><span class="chapeau indent1">The term “member of the immediate family”, with respect to an individual, includes—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_5_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> a spouse, parent, brother, sister, or child of the individual;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_5_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> a person with respect to whom the individual stands in loco parentis; and</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_5_C"></a><span class="num" value="C">(C)</span> <div class="content"> any person not covered by subparagraph (A) or (B) who is living in the individual’s household and is related to the individual by blood or marriage.</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_6"></a><span class="num bold" value="6">(6)</span><span class="heading bold"> Rewards program</span> <div class="content"> <p>The term “rewards program” means the program established in subsection (a)(1).</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_7"></a><span class="num bold" value="7">(7)</span><span class="heading bold"> Transnational organized crime</span><span class="chapeau indent1">The term “transnational organized crime”—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_7_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span><span class="chapeau"> means—</span> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="k_7_A_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content"> racketeering activity (as such term is defined in <a href="/uscode/text/18/1961">section 1961 of title 18</a>) that involves at least one jurisdiction outside the United States; or</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="k_7_A_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span> <div class="content"> any other criminal offense punishable by a term of imprisonment of at least four years under Federal, State, or local law that involves at least one jurisdiction outside the United States and that is intended to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit; and</div> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_7_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> includes wildlife trafficking (as defined by <a href="/uscode/text/16/7601#12">section 7601(12) of title 16</a>) and severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in <a href="/uscode/text/22/7102">section 7102 of this title</a>) involving at least 1 jurisdiction outside of the United States.</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_8"></a><span class="num bold" value="8">(8)</span><span class="heading bold"> Transnational organized crime group</span> <div class="content"> <p>The term “transnational organized crime group” means a group of persons that includes one or more citizens of a foreign country, exists for a period of time, and acts in concert with the aim of engaging in transnational organized crime.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_9"></a><span class="num bold" value="9">(9)</span><span class="heading bold"> United States narcotics laws</span> <div class="content"> <p>The term “United States narcotics laws” means the laws of the United States for the prevention and control of illicit trafficking in controlled substances (as such term is defined in <a href="/uscode/text/21/802#6">section 802(6) of title 21</a>).</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="k_10"></a><span class="num bold" value="10">(10)</span><span class="heading bold"> United States person</span><span class="chapeau indent1">The term “United States person” means—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_10_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> a citizen or national of the United States; or</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><a name="k_10_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> an alien lawfully present in the United States.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sourceCredit">(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, § 36, as added <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-533">Pub. L. 98–533, title I, § 102</a>, <span class="date" date="1984-10-19">Oct. 19, 1984</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/98_Stat._2708">98 Stat. 2708</a>; amended <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, title V, § 502</a>, <span class="date" date="1986-08-27">Aug. 27, 1986</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/100_Stat._869">100 Stat. 869</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-690">Pub. L. 100–690, title IV, § 4602</a>, <span class="date" date="1988-11-18">Nov. 18, 1988</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/102_Stat._4287">102 Stat. 4287</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._101-231">Pub. L. 101–231, § 13(a)</a>, <span class="date" date="1989-12-13">Dec. 13, 1989</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/103_Stat._1963">103 Stat. 1963</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._101-246">Pub. L. 101–246, title X, § 1001</a>, <span class="date" date="1990-02-16">Feb. 16, 1990</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/104_Stat._86">104 Stat. 86</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-236">Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 133(a)(1)</a>, title VIII, § 827, <span class="date" date="1994-04-30">Apr. 30, 1994</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/108_Stat._395">108 Stat. 395</a>, 519; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._104-134">Pub. L. 104–134, title I, § 101[(a)]</a> [title IV, § 406], <span class="date" date="1996-04-26">Apr. 26, 1996</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/110_Stat._1321">110 Stat. 1321</a>, 1321–45; renumbered title I, <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._104-140">Pub. L. 104–140, § 1(a)</a>, <span class="date" date="1996-05-02">May 2, 1996</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/110_Stat._1327">110 Stat. 1327</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._105-277">Pub. L. 105–277, div. G</a>, subdiv. B, title XXII, § 2202, <span class="date" date="1998-10-21">Oct. 21, 1998</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/112_Stat._2681-805">112 Stat. 2681–805</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._105-323">Pub. L. 105–323, title I, § 101</a>, <span class="date" date="1998-10-30">Oct. 30, 1998</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/112_Stat._3029">112 Stat. 3029</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, title V, § 502</a>, <span class="date" date="2001-10-26">Oct. 26, 2001</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/115_Stat._364">115 Stat. 364</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-447">Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title IV, § 405(a)</a>–(d), <span class="date" date="2004-12-08">Dec. 8, 2004</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/118_Stat._2902">118 Stat. 2902</a>, 2903; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._110-181">Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XII, § 1255(a)</a>, <span class="date" date="2008-01-28">Jan. 28, 2008</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/122_Stat._402">122 Stat. 402</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283</a>, §§ 3, 4, <span class="date" date="2013-01-15">Jan. 15, 2013</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/126_Stat._2493">126 Stat. 2493</a>, 2494; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-323">Pub. L. 114–323, title VII, § 704(a)(1)</a>, (2), <span class="date" date="2016-12-16">Dec. 16, 2016</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/130_Stat._1941">130 Stat. 1941</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-44">Pub. L. 115–44, title III, § 323</a>, <span class="date" date="2017-08-02">Aug. 2, 2017</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/131_Stat._954">131 Stat. 954</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-141">Pub. L. 115–141, div. R, § 3</a>, <span class="date" date="2018-03-23">Mar. 23, 2018</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/132_Stat._1123">132 Stat. 1123</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-232">Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XII, § 1232(d)</a>, <span class="date" date="2018-08-13">Aug. 13, 2018</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/132_Stat._2038">132 Stat. 2038</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-94">Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title VI, § 603</a>, <span class="date" date="2019-12-20">Dec. 20, 2019</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/133_Stat._3069">133 Stat. 3069</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1238</a>, <span class="date" date="2021-01-01">Jan. 1, 2021</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/134_Stat._3943">134 Stat. 3943</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._117-263">Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5585(a)</a>, div. I, title XCI, § 9104, <span class="date" date="2022-12-23">Dec. 23, 2022</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/136_Stat._3374">136 Stat. 3374</a>, 3859; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._117-273">Pub. L. 117–273, § 2</a>, <span class="date" date="2022-12-27">Dec. 27, 2022</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/136_Stat._4182">136 Stat. 4182</a>.)</div> </div> </div></text> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="tab_default_2">  <notes><div class="notes"> <hr class="footsep"/><br/><a class="footnote" href="#fn002202-ref" id="fn002202" name="fn002202">[1] </a><span class="footnote"> See References in Text note below.</span><br/></div><div class="notes"> <div class="note" topic="editorialNotes"><span class="heading centered"><strong>Editorial Notes</strong></span></div> <div class="note" topic="referencesInText"> <span class="heading centered smallCaps">References in Text</span> <p>Section 102 of the <a href="/topn/foreign_relations_authorization_act_fiscal_years_1986_and_1987">Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987</a>, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-93">section 102 of Pub. L. 99–93</a>, title I, <span class="date" date="1985-08-16">Aug. 16, 1985</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/99_Stat._408">99 Stat. 408</a>, which is not classified to the Code.</p> <p><a href="/uscode/text/50/4605#j_1_A">Section 4605(j)(1)(A) of title 50</a>, referred to in subsec. (k)(1)(B), was repealed by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-232">Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1766(a)</a>, <span class="date" date="2018-08-13">Aug. 13, 2018</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/132_Stat._2232">132 Stat. 2232</a>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="priorProvisions"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Prior Provisions</span> <p>A prior section 36 of act <span class="date" date="1956-08-01">Aug. 1, 1956</span>, was renumbered <a aria-label="22 USC 37" href="/uscode/text/22/37">section 37</a> by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-533">section 102 of Pub. L. 98–533</a>, and subsequently renumbered, and set out as a Short Title of 1956 Amendment note under <a href="/uscode/text/22/2651">section 2651 of this title</a>, prior to repeal by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._102-138">Pub. L. 102–138, title I, § 111(1)</a>, <span class="date" date="1991-10-28">Oct. 28, 1991</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/105_Stat._654">105 Stat. 654</a>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="amendments"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Amendments</span> <p>2022—Subsec. (b)(4). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._117-263">Pub. L. 117–263, § 9104(1)</a>, substituted “(10), or (14);” for “or (10);”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(10). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._117-273">Pub. L. 117–273</a> substituted “defined under—” for “defined under the statute of such tribunal;” and added subpars. (A) and (B).</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(14). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._117-263">Pub. L. 117–263, § 9104(2)</a>–(4), added par. (14).</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(6). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._117-263">Pub. L. 117–263, § 5585(a)</a>, inserted at end “Not later than 15 days before making a reward in a form that includes cryptocurrency, the Secretary of State shall notify the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="3" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_senate" occur="3" src="named_federal_agencies">Senate</span> of such form for the reward.”</p> <p>2021—Subsec. (a)(2). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, § 1238(1)</a>, inserted “foreign election interference,” before “transnational organized crime”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(5). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, § 1238(2)(A)</a>, substituted “(10), or (13)” for “or (10)”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(11). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, § 1238(2)(B)</a>, struck out “or” after semicolon at end.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(12). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, § 1238(2)(C)</a>, substituted “section” for “sections” and “; or” for period at end and made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to <a href="/uscode/text/22/2914#b_1">section 2914(b)(1) of this title</a>.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(13). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, § 1238(2)(D)</a>, added par. (13).</p> <p>Subsec. (k)(3) to (10). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, § 1238(3)(A)</a>, (B), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former pars. (3) to (8) as (5) to (10), respectively.</p> <p>Subsec. (k)(10)(A). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-283">Pub. L. 116–283, § 1238(3)(C)</a>, substituted “United States; or” for “United States; and”.</p> <p>2019—Subsec. (k)(5)(B). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-94">Pub. L. 116–94</a> inserted “wildlife trafficking (as defined by <a href="/uscode/text/16/7601#12">section 7601(12) of title 16</a>) and” after “includes”.</p> <p>2018—Subsec. (b)(10). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-232">Pub. L. 115–232</a> inserted “(including war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide committed in Syria beginning in March 2011)” after “genocide”.</p> <p>Subsec. (k)(5). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-141">Pub. L. 115–141</a> inserted dash after “crime’ ” in introductory provisions, inserted subpar. (A) designation before “means—”, redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) of par. (5) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A) and realigned margins, substituted “; and” for period at end of subpar. (A)(ii), and added subpar. (B).</p> <p>2017—Subsec. (b)(11), (12). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-44">Pub. L. 115–44</a> added pars. (11) and (12).</p> <p>2016—Subsec. (b)(4), (5). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-323">Pub. L. 114–323, § 704(a)(1)</a>, substituted “(9), or (10)” for “or (9)”.</p> <p>Subsec. (g)(4). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-323">Pub. L. 114–323, § 704(a)(2)(A)</a>, added par. (4).</p> <p>Subsec. (k)(2). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-323">Pub. L. 114–323, § 704(a)(2)(B)</a>, substituted “Foreign Affairs” for “International Relations”.</p> <p>2013—Subsec. (a)(2). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(1)</a>, inserted “serious violations of international humanitarian law, transnational organized crime,” after “international narcotics trafficking,”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(2)(A)</a>, substituted “heads of other relevant departments or agencies” for “Attorney General” in introductory provisions.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(4), (5). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(2)(B)</a>, substituted “paragraph (1), (2), (3), (8), or (9)” for “paragraph (1), (2), or (3)”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(6). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(2)(C)(i)</a>, inserted “or transnational organized crime group” after “terrorist organization”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(7). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(2)(D)(i)</a>, substituted “or transnational organized crime group, including the use by such organization or group of illicit narcotics production or international narcotics trafficking” for “, including the use by the organization of illicit narcotics production or international narcotics trafficking” in introductory provisions.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(7)(A). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(2)(D)(ii)</a>, inserted “or transnational organized crime” after “international terrorism”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(7)(B). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(2)(D)(iii)(I)</a>, inserted “or transnational organized crime group” after “terrorist organization”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(8) to (10). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(2)(C)(ii)</a>, (D)(iii)(II), (E), added pars. (8) to (10).</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(1). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 4</a>, struck out at end “The Secretary shall authorize a reward of $50,000,000 for the capture or death or information leading to the capture or death of Osama bin Laden.”</p> <p>Subsec. (g)(3). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(3)</a>, added par. (3).</p> <p>Subsec. (k)(5) to (8). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 3(4)</a>, added pars. (5) and (6) and redesignated former pars. (5) and (6) as (7) and (8), respectively.</p> <p>2008—Subsec. (e)(1). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._110-181">Pub. L. 110–181</a> inserted at end “The Secretary shall authorize a reward of $50,000,000 for the capture or death or information leading to the capture or death of Osama bin Laden.”</p> <p>2004—Subsec. (b)(7). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-447">Pub. L. 108–447, § 405(a)</a>, added par. (7).</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(1). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-447">Pub. L. 108–447, § 405(b)</a>, substituted “$25,000,000” for “$5,000,000”, struck out period after “terrorist acts.”, and inserted at end “Without first making such determination, the Secretary may authorize a reward of up to twice the amount specified in this paragraph for the capture or information leading to the capture of a leader of a foreign terrorist organization.”</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(6). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-447">Pub. L. 108–447, § 405(c)</a>, added par. (6).</p> <p>Subsecs. (i) to (k). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-447">Pub. L. 108–447, § 405(d)</a>, added subsec. (i) and redesignated former subsecs. (i) and (j) as (j) and (k), respectively.</p> <p>2001—Subsec. (b)(4). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 502(1)(A)</a>, struck out “or” at end.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(5). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 502(1)(B)</a>, substituted “, including by dismantling an organization in whole or significant part; or” for period at end.</p> <p>Subsec. (b)(6). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 502(1)(C)</a>, added par. (6).</p> <p>Subsec. (d)(2) to (4). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 502(2)</a>, redesignated par. (4) as (2) and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows:</p> <p>“(2)<span class="inline small-caps"> Limitation</span>.—No amount of funds may be appropriated under paragraph (1) which, when added to the unobligated balance of amounts previously appropriated to carry out this section, would cause such amounts to exceed $15,000,000.</p> <p>“(3)<span class="inline small-caps"> Allocation of funds</span>.—To the maximum extent practicable, funds made available to carry out this section should be distributed equally for the purpose of preventing acts of international terrorism and for the purpose of preventing international narcotics trafficking.”</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(1). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 502(3)</a>, inserted “, except as personally authorized by the Secretary of State if he determines that offer or payment of an award of a larger amount is necessary to combat terrorism or defend the Nation against terrorist acts.” after “$5,000,000”.</p> <p>1998—<a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._105-323">Pub. L. 105–323</a> generally amended section substantially similar to general amendment by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._105-277">Pub. L. 105–277</a>, except that the maximum reward in subsec. (e)(1) was increased from $2,000,000 to $5,000,000.</p> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._105-277">Pub. L. 105–277</a> generally amended section revising and restating provisions relating to <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="3" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span> program authorizing rewards for information relating to arrests or convictions with respect to international terrorism or drug trafficking.</p> <p>1996—Subsec. (a)(1). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._104-134">Pub. L. 104–134</a> which directed substitution of “shall establish and publicize a program under which rewards may be paid” for “may pay a reward” in section 36(a)(1) of the State Department Authorities Act of 1956 was executed to subsec. (a)(1) of this section, section 36(a)(1) of the <a href="/topn/state_department_basic_authorities_act_of_1956">State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956</a>, to reflect the probable intent of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span>.</p> <p>1994—Subsec. (a). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-236">Pub. L. 103–236, § 827</a>, designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) to (3) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, and added par. (2).</p> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-236">Pub. L. 103–236, § 133(a)(1)</a>, struck out “and is primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States” after “United States property” in concluding provisions.</p> <p>1990—Subsec. (c). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._101-246">Pub. L. 101–246</a>, which directed amendment of subsec. (c) by substituting “$2,000,000” for “$500,000”, could not be executed because “$500,000” did not appear after execution of the amendment by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._101-231">Pub. L. 101–231</a>. See 1989 Amendment note below.</p> <p>1989—Subsec. (c). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._101-231">Pub. L. 101–231</a> substituted “$2,000,000” for “$500,000”.</p> <p>1988—Subsec. (g). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-690">Pub. L. 100–690</a> amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: “In addition to the amount authorized by the preceding sentence, there are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1987 for ‘Administration of Foreign Affairs’ for use in paying rewards under this section, up to $5,000,000 of which may be used for rewards for information described in subsection (b)(1) of this section.”</p> <p>1986—Subsecs. (b), (c). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, § 502(a)</a>, added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).</p> <p>Subsec. (d). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, § 502(a)(1)</a>, (c)(1), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d), and substituted “subsection (a) of this section” for “this section”. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).</p> <p>Subsec. (e). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, § 502(a)(1)</a>, redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).</p> <p>Subsec. (f). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, § 502(a)(1)</a>, (c)(2), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f), and inserted “or (b)”. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).</p> <p>Subsec. (g). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, § 502(a)(1)</a>, (b), redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g), and inserted provision authorizing up to $2,000,000 for rewards for information described in subsec. (b)(1) of this section and appropriating $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1987, of which up to $5,000,000 may be used for rewards for information described in subsec. (b)(1) of this section.</p> <p>Subsecs. (h), (i). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, § 502(d)</a>, added subsecs. (h) and (i).</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="statutoryNotes"><span class="heading centered"><strong>Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries</strong></span></div> <div class="note" topic="effectiveDateOfAmendment"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Effective Date of 2016 Amendment</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-323">Pub. L. 114–323, title VII, § 704(a)(3)</a>, <span class="date" date="2016-12-16">Dec. 16, 2016</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/130_Stat._1942">130 Stat. 1942</a>, provided that: </p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/114/323/tVII/s704/a/3">“The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) [amending this section] take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [<span class="date" date="2016-12-16">Dec. 16, 2016</span>] and apply with respect to any reward authorized under section 36 of the <a href="/topn/state_department_basic_authorities_act_of_1956">State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956</a> [<a aria-label="22 U.S.C. 2708" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2708">22 U.S.C. 2708</a>] (as so amended) on or after such date.”</div> </div> <div class="note" topic="effectiveDateOfAmendment"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Effective Date of 1994 Amendment</span> <p>Amendment by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-236">section 827 of Pub. L. 103–236</a> effective 60 days after <span class="date" date="1994-04-30">Apr. 30, 1994</span>, see <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-236">section 831 of Pub. L. 103–236</a>, set out as an Effective Date note under <a href="/uscode/text/22/6301">section 6301 of this title</a>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="miscellaneous"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Rule of Construction</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 5</a>, <span class="date" date="2013-01-15">Jan. 15, 2013</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/126_Stat._2494">126 Stat. 2494</a>, provided that: </p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/112/283/s5">“Nothing in this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and <a href="/uscode/text/22/2651">section 2651 of this title</a>] or the amendments made by this Act shall be construed as authorizing the use of activity precluded under the American Servicemembers’ Protection Act of 2002 (title II of <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-206">Public Law 107–206</a>; <a aria-label="22 U.S.C. 7421" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/7421">22 U.S.C. 7421</a> et seq.).”</div> </div> <div class="note" topic="miscellaneous"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Findings; Sense of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" markup="no-show" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span></span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._116-94">Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title VI, § 602</a>, <span class="date" date="2019-12-20">Dec. 20, 2019</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/133_Stat._3069">133 Stat. 3069</a>, provided that:</p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/116/94/dJ/tVI/s602"> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="a">“(a)</span><span class="heading"> Findings.—</span><span class="chapeau"><span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="3" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> finds the following:</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="1">“(1)</span> <div class="content"> Wildlife trafficking is a major transnational crime that is estimated to generate over $10 billion a year in illegal profits and which is increasingly perpetrated by organized, sophisticated criminal enterprises, including known terrorist organizations.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="2">“(2)</span> <div class="content"> Wildlife trafficking not only threatens endangered species worldwide, but also jeopardizes local security, spreads disease, undermines rule of law, fuels corruption, and damages economic development.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="3">“(3)</span> <div class="content"> Combating wildlife trafficking requires a coordinated and sustained approach at the global, regional, national, and local levels.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="4">“(4)</span> <div class="content"> <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="4" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> stated in the Eliminate, Neutralize, and Disrupt Wildlife Trafficking Act of 2016 [<a aria-label="16 U.S.C. 7601" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/7601">16 U.S.C. 7601</a> et seq.] that it is the policy of the United States to take immediate actions to stop the illegal global trade in wildlife and wildlife products and associated transnational organized crime.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="b">“(b)</span><span class="heading"> Sense of Congress.—</span> <div class="content">It is the sense of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="6" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="4" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span>’s rewards program is a powerful tool in combating sophisticated international crime and that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="5" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span> and Federal law enforcement should work in concert to offer rewards that target wildlife traffickers.”</div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._115-141">Pub. L. 115–141, div. R, § 2</a>, <span class="date" date="2018-03-23">Mar. 23, 2018</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/132_Stat._1123">132 Stat. 1123</a>, provided that:</p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/115/141/dR/s2"> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="a">“(a)</span><span class="heading"> Findings.—</span><span class="chapeau"><span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="7" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> finds the following:</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="1">“(1)</span> <div class="content"> Trafficking in persons is a major transnational crime, as recognized by the <a href="/topn/trafficking_victims_protection_act_of_2000">Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000</a> (<a aria-label="22 U.S.C. 7101" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/7101">22 U.S.C. 7101</a> et seq.; division A of <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._106-386">Public Law 106–386</a>).</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="2">“(2)</span> <div class="content"> Trafficking in persons is increasingly perpetrated by organized, sophisticated criminal enterprises.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="3">“(3)</span> <div class="content"> Combating trafficking in persons requires a global approach to identifying and apprehending the world’s worst human trafficking rings.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="b">“(b)</span><span class="heading"> Sense of Congress.—</span> <div class="content">It is the sense of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="9" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="6" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span>’s rewards program is a powerful tool in combating sophisticated international crime and that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="7" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span> and Federal law enforcement should work in concert to offer rewards that target human traffickers who prey on the most vulnerable people around the world.”</div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 2</a>, <span class="date" date="2013-01-15">Jan. 15, 2013</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/126_Stat._2492">126 Stat. 2492</a>, provided that:</p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/112/283/s2"> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="a">“(a)</span><span class="heading"> Findings.—</span><span class="chapeau"><span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="10" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> makes the following findings:</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="1">“(1)</span><span class="chapeau"> The <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="8" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span>’s existing rewards programs permit the payment of reward for information leading to the arrest or conviction of—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="A">“(A)</span> <div class="content"> individuals who have committed, or attempted or conspired to commit, certain acts of international terrorism;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="B">“(B)</span> <div class="content"> individuals who have committed, or attempted or conspired to commit, certain narcotics-related offenses; and</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="C">“(C)</span> <div class="content"> individuals who have been indicted by certain international criminal tribunals.</div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="2">“(2)</span> <div class="content"> The <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="9" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span> considers the rewards program to be ‘one of the most valuable assets the U.S. Government has in the fight against international terrorism’. Since the program’s inception in 1984, the United States Government has rewarded over 60 people who provided actionable information that, according to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="10" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span>, prevented international terrorist attacks or helped convict individuals involved in terrorist attacks.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="3">“(3)</span> <div class="content"> The program has been credited with providing information in several high-profile cases, including the arrest of Ramzi Yousef, who was convicted in the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, the deaths of Uday and Qusay Hussein, who United States military forces located and killed in Iraq after receiving information about their locations, and the arrests or deaths of several members of the Abu Sayyaf group, believed to be responsible for the kidnappings and deaths of United States citizens and Filipinos in the Philippines.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="b">“(b)</span><span class="heading"> Sense of Congress.—</span><span class="chapeau">It is the sense of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="12" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> that the rewards program of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="11" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span> should be expanded in order to—</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="1">“(1)</span> <div class="content"> address the growing threat to important United States interests from transnational criminal activity, such as intellectual property rights piracy, money laundering, trafficking in persons, arms trafficking, and cybercrime; and</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="2">“(2)</span> <div class="content"> target other individuals indicted by international, hybrid, or mixed tribunals for genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity.”</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="note" topic="miscellaneous"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Funding</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._112-283">Pub. L. 112–283, § 6</a>, <span class="date" date="2013-01-15">Jan. 15, 2013</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/126_Stat._2494">126 Stat. 2494</a>, provided that: </p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/112/283/s6">“The Secretary of State shall use amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Services account of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_state" occur="12" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of State</span> to pay rewards authorized pursuant to this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and <a href="/uscode/text/22/2651">section 2651 of this title</a>] and to carry out other activities related to such rewards authorized under section 36 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act [of 1956] (<a aria-label="22 U.S.C. 2708" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2708">22 U.S.C. 2708</a>).”</div> </div> <div class="note" topic="miscellaneous"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Rewards for Information Concerning Individuals Sought for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Relating to Former Yugoslavia or Rwanda</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._105-323">Pub. L. 105–323, title I, § 102</a>, <span class="date" date="1998-10-30">Oct. 30, 1998</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/112_Stat._3032">112 Stat. 3032</a>, as amended by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._106-277">Pub. L. 106–277, § 1</a>, <span class="date" date="2000-10-02">Oct. 2, 2000</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/114_Stat._813">114 Stat. 813</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-228">Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, § 697(d)</a>, <span class="date" date="2002-09-30">Sept. 30, 2002</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/116_Stat._1418">116 Stat. 1418</a>, provided that:</p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/107/228/dA/tVI/s697/d"> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="a">“(a)</span><span class="heading"> Authority.—</span><span class="chapeau">In the sole discretion of the Secretary of State (except as provided in subsection (b)(2)) and in consultation, as appropriate, with the Attorney General, the Secretary may pay a reward to any individual who furnishes information leading to—</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="1">“(1)</span> <div class="content"> the arrest or conviction in any country; or</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="2">“(2)</span> <div class="content"> the transfer to, or conviction by, the Special Court of Sierra Leone[,] the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia or the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,</div> </div> <div class="continuation indent0 firstIndent0">of any individual who is the subject of an indictment confirmed by a judge of such tribunal for serious violations of international humanitarian law as defined under the statute of such tribunal.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="b">“(b)</span><span class="heading"> Procedures.—</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="1">“(1)</span><span class="chapeau"> To ensure that the payment of rewards pursuant to this section does not duplicate or interfere with the payment of informants or the obtaining of evidence or information, as authorized to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_justice" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of Justice</span>, subject to paragraph (3), the offering, administration, and payment of rewards under this section, including procedures for—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="A">“(A)</span> <div class="content"> identifying individuals, organizations, and offenses with respect to which rewards will be offered;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="B">“(B)</span> <div class="content"> the publication of rewards;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="C">“(C)</span> <div class="content"> the offering of joint rewards with foreign governments;</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="D">“(D)</span> <div class="content"> the receipt and analysis of data; and</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent2"><span class="num" value="E">“(E)</span> <div class="content"> the payment and approval of payment,</div> </div> <div class="continuation indent1 firstIndent0">shall be governed by procedures developed by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="2">“(2)</span> <div class="content"> Before making a reward under this section in a matter over which there is Federal criminal jurisdiction, the Secretary of State shall obtain the concurrence of the Attorney General.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><span class="num" value="3">“(3)</span> <div class="content"> Rewards under this section shall be subject to any requirements or limitations that apply to rewards under section 36 of the <a href="/topn/state_department_basic_authorities_act_of_1956">State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956</a> (<a aria-label="22 U.S.C. 2708" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2708">22 U.S.C. 2708</a>) with respect to the ineligibility of government employees for rewards, maximum reward amount, and procedures for the approval and certification of rewards for payment.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="c">“(c)</span><span class="heading"> Reference.—</span> <div class="paragraph indent0"><span class="num" value="1">(1)</span> <div class="content"> For the purposes of subsection (a), the statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia means the Annex to the Report of the Secretary General of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/united_nations" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">United Nations</span> pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council Resolution 827 (1993) (S/25704).</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><span class="num" value="2">“(2)</span> <div class="content"> For the purposes of subsection (a), the statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda means the statute contained in the annex to Security Council Resolution 955 of <span class="date" date="1994-11-08">November 8, 1994</span>.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><span class="num" value="3">“(3)</span> <div class="content"> For the purposes of subsection (a), the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone means the Statute contained in the Annex to the Agreement Between the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/united_nations" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">United Nations</span> and the Government of Sierra Leone on the Establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="d">“(d)</span><span class="heading"> Determination of the Secretary.—</span> <div class="content">A determination made by the Secretary of State under this section shall be final and conclusive and shall not be subject to judicial review.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="e">“(e)</span><span class="heading"> Priority.—</span> <div class="content">Rewards under this section may be paid from funds authorized to carry out section 36 of the <a href="/topn/state_department_basic_authorities_act_of_1956">State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956</a> [<a aria-label="22 U.S.C. 2708" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2708">22 U.S.C. 2708</a>]. In the Administration and payment of rewards under the rewards program of section 36 of the <a href="/topn/state_department_basic_authorities_act_of_1956">State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956</a>, the Secretary of State shall ensure that priority is given for payments to individuals described in section 36 of that Act and that funds paid under this section are paid only after any and all due and payable demands are met under section 36 of that Act.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="f">“(f)</span><span class="heading"> Reports.—</span> <div class="content">The Secretary shall inform the appropriate committees of rewards paid under this section in the same manner as required by section 36(g) of the <a href="/topn/state_department_basic_authorities_act_of_1956">State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956</a>.”</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="note" topic="miscellaneous"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Avoiding Duplicative Amendments</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._101-231">Pub. L. 101–231, § 13(b)</a>, <span class="date" date="1989-12-13">Dec. 13, 1989</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/103_Stat._1963">103 Stat. 1963</a>, provided that: </p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/101/231/s13/b">“If the <a href="/topn/foreign_relations_authorization_act_fiscal_years_1990_and_1991">Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991</a> [<a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._101-246">Pub. L. 101–246</a>, <span class="date" date="1990-02-16">Feb. 16, 1990</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/104_Stat._87">104 Stat. 87</a>], is enacted before this Act [<span class="date" date="1989-12-13">Dec. 13, 1989</span>], and that Act makes the same amendment as is described in subsection (a) [amending this section], then subsection (a) shall not take effect. If, however, this Act is enacted before the <a href="/topn/foreign_relations_authorization_act_fiscal_years_1990_and_1991">Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991</a>, and that Act would make the same amendment as is made by subsection (a), then that amendment as proposed to be made by that Act shall not take effect.”</div> </div> <div class="note" topic="miscellaneous"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Rewards for International Terrorists</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._99-399">Pub. L. 99–399, title V, § 501</a>, <span class="date" date="1986-08-27">Aug. 27, 1986</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/100_Stat._869">100 Stat. 869</a>, provided that: </p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/99/399/tV/s501">“It is the sense of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="13" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> that the Secretary of State should more vigorously utilize the moneys available under section 36(a) of the <a href="/topn/state_department_basic_authorities_act_of_1956">State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956</a> (<a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2708#a">22 U.S.C. 2708(a)</a>; relating to rewards for information on international terrorism) to more effectively apprehend and prosecute international terrorists. It is further the sense of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="14" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> that the Secretary of State should consider widely publicizing the sizable rewards available under present law so that major international terrorist figures may be brought to justice.”</div> </div> </div></notes> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page-bottom" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="region region-bottom"> <div id="block-liidfp-2" class="block block-liidfp first last odd"> <div class="gfs"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-bottom" data-google-query-id="CNH77Z7C7d8CFURLAQodp9oMpg"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-bottom'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside id="supersizeme" class="col-sm-4" aria-label="Sponsor Listings and Toolbox panel"> <div class="block" id="toolbox"> <h2 class="title toolbox"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase"></span> U.S. Code Toolbox </h2> <div class="clear-block wexlink"> <a href="/wex/wex_articles">Law about... 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