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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liv_og_virke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Liv og virke</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Liv_og_virke-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Liv og virke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Liv_og_virke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bakgrunn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bakgrunn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karriere_i_Amerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karriere_i_Amerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Karriere i Amerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karriere_i_Amerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Billedgalleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Billedgalleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Billedgalleri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Billedgalleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John James Audubon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 65 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Audubon" title="John J. Audubon – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John J. Audubon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="جون جيمس أودوبون – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون جيمس أودوبون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_Ceyms_Od%C3%BCbon" title="Con Ceyms Odübon – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Con Ceyms Odübon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জন জেমস আদোবান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন জেমস আদোবান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джон Джеймс Одюбон – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Джеймс Одюбон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Audubon" title="Jean-Jacques Audubon – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jean-Jacques Audubon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%9F%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Τζον Τζέιμς Οντιμπόν – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζον Τζέιμς Οντιμπόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان جیمز اودوبان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان جیمز اودوبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Audubon" title="Jean-Jacques Audubon – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean-Jacques Audubon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A4%EB%93%80%EB%B3%B8" title="존 제임스 오듀본 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 제임스 오듀본" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%95%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ջոն Ջեյմս Օդյուբոն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ջեյմս Օդյուբոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ג'ון ג'יימס אודובון – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון ג'יימס אודובון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ ჯეიმზ ოდიუბონი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ ჯეიმზ ოდიუბონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Iacobus_Audubon" title="Ioannes Iacobus Audubon – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Iacobus Audubon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Audubon" title="Jean-Jacques Audubon – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jean-Jacques Audubon" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ജോൺ ജെയിംസ് ഓഡുബോൺ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോൺ ജെയിംസ് ഓഡുബോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="جون جيمس اودوبون – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون جيمس اودوبون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%A9%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျွန် ဂျိမ်း ဩဒူဘွန် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျွန် ဂျိမ်း ဩဒူဘွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3" title="ジョン・ジェームズ・オーデュボン – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ジェームズ・オーデュボン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86" title="جان جيمز اډوبن – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جان جيمز اډوبن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Одюбон, Джон Джеймс – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Одюбон, Джон Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="आडुबान् जान् जेम्स् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आडुबान् जान् जेम्स्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEon_D%C5%BEejms_Odubon" title="Džon Džejms Odubon – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Džon Džejms Odubon" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜான் ஜேம்ஸ் அடுபன் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜான் ஜேம்ஸ் அடுபன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷон Ҷамес Аудубон – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷон Ҷамес Аудубон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джон Джеймс Одюбон – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Джеймс Одюбон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9D%9C%E9%82%A6" title="约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E6%9D%9C%E9%82%A6" title="約翰·詹姆斯·奧杜邦 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約翰·詹姆斯·奧杜邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9D%9C%E9%82%A6" title="约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="John James Audubon" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24884810" /><table class="infobox infoboks biografi fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">John James Audubon</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_James_Audubon_1826.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/John_James_Audubon_1826.jpg/250px-John_James_Audubon_1826.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/John_James_Audubon_1826.jpg/375px-John_James_Audubon_1826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/John_James_Audubon_1826.jpg/500px-John_James_Audubon_1826.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2363" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P1477 edit-props-P569 edit-props-P19">Født</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><span lang="fr">Jean‐Jacques Rabin</span></span></span><br /><span><a href="/wiki/26._april" title="26. april">26. apr.</a> <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-e9aa9f07437104330df786101d0e459f8b7e7486_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e9aa9f07437104330df786101d0e459f8b7e7486-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-fad808a03493ed7587c136286cd26457d28991f8_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-fad808a03493ed7587c136286cd26457d28991f8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-51efa256d311fd09436d11ab2cf7a0b6d8d4518f_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-51efa256d311fd09436d11ab2cf7a0b6d8d4518f-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182882?uselang=nb#P569" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Les_Cayes" title="Les Cayes">Les Cayes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-15b9aaae6b492c012d18f8bcc08237cdae462583_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-15b9aaae6b492c012d18f8bcc08237cdae462583-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-c51a43fa07db34c746d7c547d328615085948fa6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-c51a43fa07db34c746d7c547d328615085948fa6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P570 edit-props-P20 edit-props-P509">Død</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/27._januar" title="27. januar">27. jan.</a> <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-8bb2bcd63862a799f3d4ca4529579731b50c3ffe_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-8bb2bcd63862a799f3d4ca4529579731b50c3ffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-e9aa9f07437104330df786101d0e459f8b7e7486_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e9aa9f07437104330df786101d0e459f8b7e7486-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-fad808a03493ed7587c136286cd26457d28991f8_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-fad808a03493ed7587c136286cd26457d28991f8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182882?uselang=nb#P570" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (65 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-hash-82136f8a98a4982f31e232ee983777c369136231_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-82136f8a98a4982f31e232ee983777c369136231-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-15b9aaae6b492c012d18f8bcc08237cdae462583_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-15b9aaae6b492c012d18f8bcc08237cdae462583-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-c51a43fa07db34c746d7c547d328615085948fa6_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-c51a43fa07db34c746d7c547d328615085948fa6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Beskjeftigelse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Botaniker" class="mw-redirect" title="Botaniker">Botaniker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornitolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornitolog">ornitolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maler" title="Maler">kunstmaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoolog">zoolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Biolog">biolog</a>, vitenskapelig illustratør, <a href="/wiki/Skribent_(beskjeftigelse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skribent (beskjeftigelse)">skribent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotograf" title="Fotograf">fotograf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tegner" title="Tegner">tegner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grafiker" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafiker">grafiker</a>, naturviter, bird illustrator <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182882?uselang=nb#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Ektefelle</th><td colspan="2">Lucy Audubon<sup id="cite_ref-hash-118e3939f356e6e3b60c48ed76815350d5f1659d_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-118e3939f356e6e3b60c48ed76815350d5f1659d-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Mor</th><td colspan="2">Jeanne Rabine</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Barn</th><td colspan="2">John Woodhouse Audubon<sup id="cite_ref-hash-2be365cb11d66fcd9deaa53fad1b9077785c834c_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-2be365cb11d66fcd9deaa53fad1b9077785c834c-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Victor Gifford Audubon<sup id="cite_ref-hash-2be365cb11d66fcd9deaa53fad1b9077785c834c_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-2be365cb11d66fcd9deaa53fad1b9077785c834c-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Lucy Audubon<br />Rose Audubon</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Nasjonalitet</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> (<span title="startdato: 1812">1812</span>–)<br /><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Gravlagt</th><td colspan="2">Trinity Church Cemetery and Mausoleum</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Medlem av</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><br />American Philosophical Society<br />American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br />Royal Society of Edinburgh (<span title="startdato: 3. mai 1827">1827</span>–)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-723a2f1ea74b371397dc0fdd826e7dd1281276b9_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-723a2f1ea74b371397dc0fdd826e7dd1281276b9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Linnean Society of London</td></tr> <tr class="overskrift" valign="top"><td colspan="4">Signatur</td></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Audubon_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John James Audubons signatur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Audubon_signature.svg/250px-Audubon_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Audubon_signature.svg/375px-Audubon_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Audubon_signature.svg/500px-Audubon_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="109" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_James_Audubon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John James Audubon">John James Audubon på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John James Audubon</b> (<i>Jean-Jacques Audubon</i>) (1785–1851) var en <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> <a href="/wiki/Ornitologi" title="Ornitologi">ornitolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naturhistorie" title="Naturhistorie">naturhistoriker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakt" title="Jakt">jeger</a> og <a href="/wiki/Malerkunst" title="Malerkunst">maler</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liv_og_virke">Liv og virke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Liv og virke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Liv og virke"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Audubon ble født i Les Cayes som sønn av en fransk sjøkaptein og plantasjeeier og en <a href="/wiki/Kreol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreol">kreolsk</a> mor. Han het først <b>Jean Rabine</b>, altså med morens etternavn. Moren døde et halvt år etter hans fødsel, og fra august 1788 vokste Jean opp hos sin stemor Anne Moynet i <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>. I mars 1789 ble han offisielt adoptert og fikk navnet <b>Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon</b>. </p><p>Etter en angivelig opplæring hos maleren <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>, noe som senere er blitt omstridt om virkelig fant sted, dro han i 1803 med et falsk pass som faren hadde fremskaffet til <a href="/wiki/De_forente_stater" class="mw-redirect" title="De forente stater">De forente stater</a>. </p><p>Fermodentlig ønsket 18-åringen på denne måte unndra seg militærtjeneste i <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoleons</a> hær. Kort etter, eller under, overfarten, ble han syk av <a href="/wiki/Gulsott" title="Gulsott">gulsott</a>. Han fikk pleie i et hospital drevet av <a href="/wiki/Kvekere" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvekere">kvekere</a>. Der lærte han seg engelsk, og der traff han Lucy Bakewell, som han senere ble gift med. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karriere_i_Amerika">Karriere i Amerika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Karriere i Amerika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Karriere i Amerika"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etter at han var blitt frisk, ble familiegodset Mill Grove nær <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> det nye bosted for <b>John James Audubon</b>, som han hadde amerikanskisert sitt navn til. Der levde jan som jeger, handelsmann og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksidermisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taksidermisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">dyrepreparator</a>. </p><p>I 1808 giftet han seg med Lucy Bakewell. På Mill Grove utførte den unge forskeren sannsynligvis den første <a href="/wiki/Ringmerking" title="Ringmerking">ringmerking</a> av fugl i Nord-Amerika. Han markerte sangfugler med snorer, og fant således ut at de hvert år vendte tilbake og benyttet samme redested. </p><p>Hans forretninger førte ham langs elven <a href="/wiki/Ohio_(elv)" title="Ohio (elv)">Ohio</a> gjennom statene <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Henderson_(Kentucky)" title="Henderson (Kentucky)">Henderson</a> åpnet han til slutt en kremmerbod. Antagelig var det her at han i 1810 traff <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Wilson_(ornitolog)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Wilson (ornitolog) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Alexander Wilson</a>, som var landet andre store fuglekjenner den gang. </p><p>Audubons hustru fødte ham to sønner, Victor Gifford og John Woodhouse, og en datter som imidlertid døde etter kort tid. På fritiden utførte Audubon, likesom han hadde gjort allerede i Frankrike, en rekke tegninger av fugler. Etter en tidlig fase med god fremgang forverret forretningslykken seg; på grun av en bankerott måtte han i 1819 en kort tid i fengsel. </p><p>Muligens var det under fengselsoppholdet at han utviklet sin ambisiøse plan om å katalogisere alle Nord-Amerikas fuglearter. Kort etter satte han i gang med det. </p><p>Han gjennomførte omfattende undersøkelser for å dokumentere og katalogisere alle former for fugler i Nord-Amerika og ble kjent for sine detaljerte illustrasjoner som avbildet fuglene i deres naturlig habitat. Hans fremste verk, en bok med fargeplater, <i>The Birds of America</i> (London, 1827–1839, i fire bind med 435 fargeplater), er betraktet som en av fineste <a href="/wiki/Ornitologi" title="Ornitologi">ornitologiske</a> verker som framstilt. I tillegg identifiserte han rundt 25 nye fuglearter. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a> dro han igjen til <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, stiftet bekjentskap med datidens fremste naturforskere og begynte utgivelsen av sin fargeplater av amerikanske fugler. I 1829 vendte han tilbake til USA og skrev som tekst til de nevnte tegningene for <i>American Ornithological Biography</i> (Philadelphia 1831-39, fem bind). Etter enda et besøk i Europa slo han seg ned på <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> ved <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, og begynte på et stort billedverk over Amerikas <a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyr</a>, <i>The Quadrupeds of America</i> (Boston 1843-49, tre bind). </p><p>Audubons bok <i>Birds of America</i> har blitt beskrevet som den dyreste boken i verden. Det finnes bare 119 kjente eksemplarer igjen av boken, hvorav 108 eies av museer og bibliotek. Boken inneholder tusen illustrasjoner til sammen i sann størrelse av nær 500 fugler, og Audubon trengte tolv år på å gjøre den ferdig. Et eksemplar av boken ble i tiden rundt 2000 solgt for 8,8 millioner dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Billedgalleri">Billedgalleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Billedgalleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Billedgalleri"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:White_Gerfalcons.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hvite jaktfalker"><img alt="Hvite jaktfalker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/White_Gerfalcons.jpg/77px-White_Gerfalcons.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/White_Gerfalcons.jpg/115px-White_Gerfalcons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/White_Gerfalcons.jpg/153px-White_Gerfalcons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hvite <a href="/wiki/Jaktfalk" title="Jaktfalk">jaktfalker</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Zenaida_macrouraAWP17AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carolina-due (i dag kalt sørgedue)"><img alt="Carolina-due (i dag kalt sørgedue)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zenaida_macrouraAWP17AA.jpg/91px-Zenaida_macrouraAWP17AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zenaida_macrouraAWP17AA.jpg/137px-Zenaida_macrouraAWP17AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zenaida_macrouraAWP17AA.jpg/182px-Zenaida_macrouraAWP17AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carolina-due (i dag kalt <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8rgedue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sørgedue (ikke skrevet ennå)">sørgedue</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:181_Goldon_Eagle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kongeørn, tidlig studie, 1833–4"><img alt="Kongeørn, tidlig studie, 1833–4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/181_Goldon_Eagle.jpg/83px-181_Goldon_Eagle.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/181_Goldon_Eagle.jpg/124px-181_Goldon_Eagle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/181_Goldon_Eagle.jpg/166px-181_Goldon_Eagle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11096" data-file-height="16064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Konge%C3%B8rn" title="Kongeørn">Kongeørn</a>, tidlig studie, 1833–4</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_James_Audubons_Plate_76_-_Birds_of_America_(Virginian_Partridge).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nordkrattvaktel (Virginia-åkerhøne, malt 1825, utgitt som plate 76, 1829"><img alt="Nordkrattvaktel (Virginia-åkerhøne, malt 1825, utgitt som plate 76, 1829" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/John_James_Audubons_Plate_76_-_Birds_of_America_%28Virginian_Partridge%29.jpg/120px-John_James_Audubons_Plate_76_-_Birds_of_America_%28Virginian_Partridge%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/John_James_Audubons_Plate_76_-_Birds_of_America_%28Virginian_Partridge%29.jpg/180px-John_James_Audubons_Plate_76_-_Birds_of_America_%28Virginian_Partridge%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/John_James_Audubons_Plate_76_-_Birds_of_America_%28Virginian_Partridge%29.jpg/240px-John_James_Audubons_Plate_76_-_Birds_of_America_%28Virginian_Partridge%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nordkrattvaktel" title="Nordkrattvaktel">Nordkrattvaktel</a> (Virginia-åkerhøne, malt 1825, utgitt som plate 76, 1829</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_James_Audubons_Birds_of_America_-_Plate_76_(Detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detalj fra bilde til venstre"><img alt="Detalj fra bilde til venstre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/John_James_Audubons_Birds_of_America_-_Plate_76_%28Detail%29.jpg/120px-John_James_Audubons_Birds_of_America_-_Plate_76_%28Detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/John_James_Audubons_Birds_of_America_-_Plate_76_%28Detail%29.jpg/180px-John_James_Audubons_Birds_of_America_-_Plate_76_%28Detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/John_James_Audubons_Birds_of_America_-_Plate_76_%28Detail%29.jpg/240px-John_James_Audubons_Birds_of_America_-_Plate_76_%28Detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detalj fra bilde til venstre</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a></span></span>, besøkt 27. april 2014<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-e9aa9f07437104330df786101d0e459f8b7e7486-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-e9aa9f07437104330df786101d0e459f8b7e7486_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-e9aa9f07437104330df786101d0e459f8b7e7486_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>RKDartists</span></span>, «<span><span><span lang="en">John James Audubon</span></span></span>», RKD kunstner-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/artists/2919">2919</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-fad808a03493ed7587c136286cd26457d28991f8-3"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-fad808a03493ed7587c136286cd26457d28991f8_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-fad808a03493ed7587c136286cd26457d28991f8_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Proleksis Encyclopedia</span></span>, Proleksis enciklopedija-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/9886">9886</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-51efa256d311fd09436d11ab2cf7a0b6d8d4518f-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-51efa256d311fd09436d11ab2cf7a0b6d8d4518f_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Babelio</span></span>, Babelio forfatter-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.babelio.com/auteur/wd/178993">178993</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-15b9aaae6b492c012d18f8bcc08237cdae462583-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-15b9aaae6b492c012d18f8bcc08237cdae462583_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-15b9aaae6b492c012d18f8bcc08237cdae462583_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>RKDartists</span></span>, RKD kunstner-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/artists/2919">2919</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-c51a43fa07db34c746d7c547d328615085948fa6-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-c51a43fa07db34c746d7c547d328615085948fa6_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-c51a43fa07db34c746d7c547d328615085948fa6_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Smithsonian American Art Museum person-/institusjons-ID</span></span>, Smithsonian American Art Museum person/institution ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=168">168</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-8bb2bcd63862a799f3d4ca4529579731b50c3ffe-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-8bb2bcd63862a799f3d4ca4529579731b50c3ffe_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Benezit Dictionary of Artists</span></span>, «<span><span><span lang="en">John James Laforest Audubon</span></span></span>», Benezit-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00008599">B00008599</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-82136f8a98a4982f31e232ee983777c369136231-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-82136f8a98a4982f31e232ee983777c369136231_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a></span></span>, besøkt 31. desember 2014<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-118e3939f356e6e3b60c48ed76815350d5f1659d-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-118e3939f356e6e3b60c48ed76815350d5f1659d_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Autorités BnF</span></span>, BNF-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170704778">170704778</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-2be365cb11d66fcd9deaa53fad1b9077785c834c-10"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-2be365cb11d66fcd9deaa53fad1b9077785c834c_10-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-2be365cb11d66fcd9deaa53fad1b9077785c834c_10-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Union List of Artist Names</span></span>, ULAN <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/ulan/500016578">500016578</a></span></span>, utgitt 8. august 2021, besøkt 13. februar 2023<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-723a2f1ea74b371397dc0fdd826e7dd1281276b9-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-723a2f1ea74b371397dc0fdd826e7dd1281276b9_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rse.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/all_fellows.pdf">www.rse.org.uk</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11242275">«World's most expensive book goes up for sale»</a>, <i>BBC</i> 9. september 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arthur, Stanley Clisby (1937): <i>Audubon; An Intimate Life of the American Woodsman</i>. New Orleans: Harmanson. OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1162643">1162643</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Audubon.html?id=narQHn8kZJsC">utdrag online</a>)</li> <li>Burroughs, J. (1902): <i>John James Audubon</i>. Boston: Small, Maynard & company. OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/648935">648935</a></li> <li>Ford, Alice (1969): <i>Audubon By Himself</i>. Garden City NY: The Natural History Press</li> <li>Fulton, Maurice G. (1917): <i>Southern Life in Southern Literature; selections of representative prose and poetry</i>. Boston, New York [etc.]: Ginn and Co. OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1496258">1496258</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0766146243&id=VR3RlmT521QC&printsec=frontcover">utdrag online</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Audubon&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_James_Audubon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182882?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" class="extiw" title="commons:John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182882?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanartgallery.org/artist/home/id/147">John James Audubon</a> hos American Art Gallery]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://audubon.pitt.edu">Audubon's <i>Birds of America</i></a> hos Universitetet i Pittsburgh, en komplett samling digitaliserte høyoppløselige bilder av 435 doble elefantfolioer foruten også hans <i>Ornithological Biography</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009193800/http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton/collections/modern/audubon.cfm">The John James Audubon 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id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">John James Audubon</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>65 språk</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nytt emne</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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