CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <script> (function(d) { var config = { kitId: 'xky8kwo', scriptTimeout: 3000, async: false }, h=d.documentElement,t=setTimeout(function(){h.className=h.className.replace(/\bwf-loading\b/g,"")+" wf-inactive";},config.scriptTimeout),tk=d.createElement("script"),f=false,s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],a;h.className+=" wf-loading";tk.src='https://use.typekit.net/'+config.kitId+'.js';tk.async=true;tk.onload=tk.onreadystatechange=function(){a=this.readyState;if(f||a&&a!="complete"&&a!="loaded")return;f=true;clearTimeout(t);try{Typekit.load(config)}catch(e){}};s.parentNode.insertBefore(tk,s) })(document); </script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1.0"/>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/6b2f478f3f.js"></script> <link href="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/themes/catholicism-2017/css/materialize.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,projection"/> <link href="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/themes/catholicism-2017/css/custom.css?version=1.5" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,projection"/> <link href="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/themes/catholicism-2017/css/print.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="print"/> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>The 3rd Order - Catholicism.org</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The 3rd Order" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Third Order of the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is a union of Catholic faithful who strive to have a share in the mission and charism of the religious congregation. Every Third Order is an organization within … Continue reading →" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Catholicism.org" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/SaintBenedictCenterPage/" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2005-01-31T04:27:28+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-05-18T15:33:34+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/02/screenshot.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="600" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="author" content="The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@sbc_catholic" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@sbc_catholic" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="8 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html"},"author":{"name":"The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary","@id":"https://catholicism.org/#/schema/person/b6e18c207b4e9e27f43f4225e571694b"},"headline":"The 3rd Order","datePublished":"2005-01-31T04:27:28+00:00","dateModified":"2020-05-18T15:33:34+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html"},"wordCount":1674,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://catholicism.org/#organization"},"articleSection":["The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary","Vocations and States in Life"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html","url":"https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html","name":"The 3rd Order - Catholicism.org","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://catholicism.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2005-01-31T04:27:28+00:00","dateModified":"2020-05-18T15:33:34+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://catholicism.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The 3rd Order"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://catholicism.org/#website","url":"https://catholicism.org/","name":"Catholicism.org","description":"An online journal edited by the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Richmond N.H.","publisher":{"@id":"https://catholicism.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://catholicism.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://catholicism.org/#organization","name":"Catholicism.org","url":"https://catholicism.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://catholicism.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/02/screenshot.png","contentUrl":"https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/02/screenshot.png","width":600,"height":450,"caption":"Catholicism.org"},"image":{"@id":"https://catholicism.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/SaintBenedictCenterPage/","https://x.com/sbc_catholic","http://www.youtube.com/mancipia"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://catholicism.org/#/schema/person/b6e18c207b4e9e27f43f4225e571694b","name":"The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://catholicism.org/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5375b6936ccfd7b1b44c6fe727eb6948?s=96&d=mm&r=pg","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5375b6936ccfd7b1b44c6fe727eb6948?s=96&d=mm&r=pg","caption":"The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary"},"description":"The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary are a Congregation of religious brothers and sisters dedicated to a two-fold Crusade: the propagation and defense of Catholic dogma — especially extra ecclesiam nulla salus — and the conversion of America to the one, true Church. Besides the religious members, the Congregation has a Third Order comprised of mostly lay people living in the world. The religious members live in the priory and convent at Saint Benedict Center in Richmond, New Hampshire. Our Crusade was begun by Father Leonard Feeney, who strove to combat the liberalizing of Catholic dogma which he saw as a major impediment to the conversion of America. The choice of the word “Crusade” to describe our mission is no accident. “The life of man upon earth is a warfare” declared Holy Job (Job 7:1). St. Paul admonishes us to arm ourselves with spiritual weapons to fight the enemies of our souls (Eph. 6:11-17). While every Catholic is called upon to fight the world, the flesh, and the devil, our battle also engages them specifically in the forces of the Revolution 1 ,many of which have entered the very precincts of the Church. Our methods are threefold: personal sanctification, education, and works of the apostolate. For Religious members, personal sanctification comes by way of our prayer life, our Marian Total Consecration, and living the vows and virtues of the religious life. Our Third Order members also live the Marian Total Consecration, and are joined to the congregation by simple promises. Our educational work takes place in several ways. One is the Saint Augustine Institute, a program of continuing Catholic education which has the goal of forming apostles to work for the conversion of America. Another is the running of primary and secondary schools (such as Immaculate Heart of Mary School in Richmond, New Hampshire). We believe very strongly that one must be a reservoir before he can be an aqueduct. For this reason, we promote continuing study of the Faith as one way to spread it. As religious, the works of our apostolate include the publishing of books, pamphlets, and our quarterly journal, From the Housetops. We reach out to the “man on the street” with our publications by distributing them door-to-door in an effort to spread the faith. Another very important aspect of our apostolate is the work of fostering Catholic community life. At Saint Benedict Center in Richmond, our religious brothers and sisters work with Third Order members and other faithful to build and maintain a thriving Catholic culture. The community provides both an atmosphere conducive to wholesome family life and a hub of missionary activity to convert this nation. We are dedicated not only to the Deposit of Faith in its integrity and to sound Catholic morals, but also to the western liturgical patrimony of the Church as we have it in the traditional Roman Rite Mass (the “Extraordinary Form”) and the other sacramental rites associated with it. We invite readers to learn more about our founder, our history, our Crusade, and its methods by reading the offerings in this section. The most common questions would be answered by reading these two postings: » MICM Apostolate Overview » Our Status in the Church • We use the word “Revolution” as it was employed by the Venerable Emmanuel d’Alzon: a personification of all those elements in this world which oppose the Church, as embodied in the French Revolution. Father d’Alzon’s “Revolution” is virtually synonymous with Father Fahey’s “Organized Naturalism.” ↩","url":"https://catholicism.org/author/slavesoftheimmaculateheartofmary"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maps.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Catholicism.org » Feed" href="https://catholicism.org/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Catholicism.org » Comments Feed" href="https://catholicism.org/comments/feed" /> <script type="text/javascript">(function() {"use strict";const vps = JSON.parse(`["gg"]`);window.dike_plc=(i,d,e=!1)=>{const n=i+"-*";return-1!==vps.indexOf(d)||void 0!==window.dike_tvb&&(-1!==window.dike_tvb.indexOf(d)||-1!==window.dike_tvb.indexOf(n))||(e&&(window.location.href="https://catholicism.org/wp-admin/index.php?page=dike_wpd&author="+i+"&failed_lic_check="+i+"-"+d),!1)};})();</script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Catholicism.org » The 3rd Order Comments Feed" href="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html/feed" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/catholicism.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='formidable-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/formidable/css/formidableforms1.css?ver=3121421' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_related-posts-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/related-posts/related-posts.css?ver=20240116' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='premium-addons-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/premium-addons-for-elementor/assets/frontend/min-css/premium-addons.min.css?ver=4.10.88' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='premium-pro-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/premium-addons-pro/assets/frontend/min-css/premium-addons.min.css?ver=2.9.31' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-engine-frontend-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jet-engine/assets/css/frontend.css?ver=3.6.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gg-lcl-skin-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/lightboxes/lc-lightbox/skins/minimal.css?ver=1.3.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gg-lightbox-css-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/lightboxes/lc-lightbox/css/lc_lightbox.min.css?ver=8.8.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='super-rss-reader-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/super-rss-reader/public/css/style.min.css?ver=5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_likes-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/likes/style.css?ver=14.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack-subscriptions-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/subscriptions/subscriptions.css?ver=14.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ubermenu-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/ubermenu/pro/assets/css/ubermenu.min.css?ver=3.6.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ubermenu-vanilla-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/ubermenu/assets/css/skins/vanilla.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ubermenu-font-awesome-all-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/ubermenu/assets/fontawesome/css/all.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gg_fontawesome-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/css/fontAwesome/css/all.min.css?ver=5.15.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gg-frontend-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/css/frontend.min.css?ver=8.8.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gg-slider-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/jquery.galleria/themes/ggallery/galleria.ggallery.min.css?ver=8.8.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gg-custom-css-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/css/custom.css?ver=8.8.2-88c28778d49b570a35ddbc279995def7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharedaddy-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/sharedaddy/sharing.css?ver=14.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-logos-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/social-logos/social-logos.min.css?ver=14.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='csshero-main-stylesheet-css' href='https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2019/01/csshero-static-style-catholicism-org-2017.css?ver=22' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/related-posts/related-posts.min.js?ver=20240116" id="jetpack_related-posts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/fd-footnotes/fdfootnotes.js?ver=1.34" id="fdfootnote_script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/super-rss-reader/public/js/jquery.easy-ticker.min.js?ver=5.2" id="jquery-easy-ticker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/super-rss-reader/public/js/script.min.js?ver=5.2" id="super-rss-reader-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://catholicism.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://catholicism.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/8819" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://catholicism.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p3KkdO-2if' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://catholicism.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcatholicism.org%2F3rd-order.html" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://catholicism.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcatholicism.org%2F3rd-order.html&format=xml" /> <style id="ubermenu-custom-generated-css"> /** Font Awesome 4 Compatibility **/ .fa{font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-family:FontAwesome;} /** UberMenu Responsive Styles (Breakpoint Setting) **/ @media screen and (min-width: 4901px){ .ubermenu{ display:block !important; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-hide-desktop{ display:none !important; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-retractors-responsive .ubermenu-retractor-mobile{ display:none; } /* Force current submenu always open but below others */ .ubermenu-force-current-submenu .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-current-menu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu-force-current-submenu .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-current-menu-ancestor > .ubermenu-submenu-drop { display: block!important; opacity: 1!important; visibility: visible!important; margin: 0!important; top: auto!important; height: auto; z-index:19; } /* Invert Horizontal menu to make subs go up */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ top:auto; bottom:100%; } .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ transform:rotate(180deg); } /* Make second level flyouts fly up */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout{ top:auto; bottom:0; } /* Clip the submenus properly when inverted */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ clip: rect(-5000px,5000px,auto,-5000px); } /* Invert Vertical menu to make subs go left */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-vertical .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ right:100%; left:auto; } .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-item-has-children > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ right:auto; left:10px; transform:rotate(90deg); } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop { clip: rect(-5000px,5000px,5000px,-5000px); } /* Vertical Flyout > Flyout */ .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:25px; } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator { right:auto; left:10px; transform:rotate(90deg); } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop.ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout, .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout > .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop { right: 100%; left: auto; } .ubermenu-responsive-toggle{ display:none; } } @media screen and (max-width: 4900px){ .ubermenu-responsive-toggle, .ubermenu-sticky-toggle-wrapper { display: block; } .ubermenu-responsive{ width:100%; max-height:500px; visibility:visible; overflow:visible; -webkit-transition:max-height 1s ease-in; transition:max-height .3s ease-in; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-items-align-center{ text-align:left; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu{ margin:0; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu .ubermenu-nav{ display:block; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-nocollapse, .ubermenu-repsonsive.ubermenu-no-transitions{ display:block; max-height:none; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse{ max-height:none; visibility:visible; overflow:visible; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse{ max-height:0; overflow:hidden !important; visibility:hidden; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-in-transition, .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-in-transition .ubermenu-nav{ overflow:hidden !important; visibility:visible; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse:not(.ubermenu-in-transition){ border-top-width:0; border-bottom-width:0; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse .ubermenu-item .ubermenu-submenu{ display:none; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-level-0{ width:50%; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-single-column .ubermenu-item-level-0{ float:none; clear:both; width:100%; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target{ border:none; box-shadow:none; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout{ position:static; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout .ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ transform:rotate(0); right:10px; left:auto; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-nav .ubermenu-item .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-drop{ width:100%; min-width:100%; max-width:100%; top:auto; left:0 !important; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-has-border .ubermenu-nav .ubermenu-item .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-drop{ left: -1px !important; /* For borders */ } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-type-mega > .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-column{ min-height:0; border-left:none; float:left; /* override left/center/right content alignment */ display:block; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-type-mega{ max-height:none; height:auto;/*prevent overflow scrolling since android is still finicky*/ overflow:visible; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-transition-slide .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-in-transition > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ max-height:1000px; /* because of slide transition */ } .ubermenu .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout .ubermenu-submenu-type-mega{ min-height:0; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column-auto{ min-width:50%; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-autoclear > .ubermenu-column{ clear:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column:nth-of-type(2n+1){ clear:both; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top:not(.ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top-2) .ubermenu-column:nth-of-type(2n+1){ clear:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top:not(.ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top-2) .ubermenu-column:nth-of-type(2n+2){ clear:both; } .ubermenu-responsive-single-column-subs .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-item { float: none; clear: both; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs-group, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ /** TABS SHOULD BE 100% ACCORDION */ width:100%; min-width:100%; max-width:100%; left:0; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ min-height:0 !important;/* Override Inline Style from JS */ } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs{ z-index:15; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ z-index:20; } /* Tab Layering */ .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab{ position:relative; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab.ubermenu-active{ position:relative; z-index:20; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab > .ubermenu-target{ border-width:0 0 1px 0; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-tabs > .ubermenu-tabs-group > .ubermenu-tab.ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ transform:rotate(0); right:10px; left:auto; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs > .ubermenu-tabs-group > .ubermenu-tab > .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ top:auto; border-width:1px; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-layout-bottom > .ubermenu-tabs-group{ /*position:relative;*/ } .ubermenu-reponsive .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack{ /* Top Level Stack Columns */ position:relative; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack .ubermenu-column, .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack .ubermenu-column-auto{ /* Stack Columns */ width:100%; max-width:100%; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-mini{ /* Mini items */ min-width:0; width:auto; float:left; clear:none !important; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-mini > a.ubermenu-target{ padding-left:20px; padding-right:20px; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-hide-mobile{ /* Hiding items */ display:none !important; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-hide-bkgs .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-bkg-img{ /** Hide Background Images in Submenu */ background-image:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-item-mini{ min-width:0; width:auto; } .ubermenu-vertical .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0{ width:100%; } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-item-has-children > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ right:10px; left:auto; transform:rotate(0); } .ubermenu-vertical .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-relative.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu-drop.ubermenu-submenu-align-vertical_parent_item{ top:auto; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs{ position:static; } /* Tabs on Mobile with mouse (but not click) - leave space to hover off */ .ubermenu:not(.ubermenu-is-mobile):not(.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes) .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-tab[data-ubermenu-trigger="mouseover"] .ubermenu-tab-content-panel, .ubermenu:not(.ubermenu-is-mobile):not(.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes) .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-tab[data-ubermenu-trigger="hover_intent"] .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ margin-left:6%; width:94%; min-width:94%; } /* Sub indicator close visibility */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes .ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator-close{ display:block; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes .ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ display:none; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-tabs .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.075); } .ubermenu-responsive-toggle{ display:block; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-level-0{ width:100%; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column-auto{ min-width:100%; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:first-child), .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:first-child) .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack{ padding-top:0; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:last-child), .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:last-child) .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack{ padding-bottom:0; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn > .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack > .ubermenu-item-normal:first-child{ margin-top:0; } } /** UberMenu Custom Menu Styles (Customizer) **/ /* main */ .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item .ubermenu-submenu-drop { -webkit-transition-duration:300ms; -ms-transition-duration:300ms; transition-duration:300ms; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-layout-image_left > .ubermenu-target-text { padding-left:26px; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-layout-image_right > .ubermenu-target-text { padding-right:26px; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target { text-transform:uppercase; color:#ffffff; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-nav .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target { font-weight:normal; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0 { margin:5px; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target, .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-custom-content.ubermenu-custom-content-padded { padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px; } .ubermenu-responsive-toggle.ubermenu-responsive-toggle-main { font-size:20px; color:#ffffff; } /* Status: Loaded from Transient */ @media \0screen { .ubermenu .ubermenu-image { width: auto } } /* Prevent height distortion in IE8. */ </style>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-93KHZ29TGH"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-93KHZ29TGH'); </script> <script>document.documentElement.className += " js";</script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.27.7; features: e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-internal, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .twitter-box { padding: 8px 20px 8px 70px; background-position: -20px -240px; border-radius: 20px; background-color: #f7f7f7; } .twitter-box > div { background-color: white; padding: 10px; border-radius: 20px; border: 1px solid #C4C4C4; } </style> </head> <body data-rsssl=1 class="post-template-default single single-post postid-8819 single-format-standard jps-theme-catholicism-2017 singular elementor-default elementor-kit-75683"> <div class="preheader"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="col s12 m12 l12 "> Our Sites:    <a href="#"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Catholicism.org</span></a> <a href="http://store.catholicism.org/">Store.Catholicism.org</a> <a href="https://reconquest.net/">Reconquest</a> <a href="http://www.ihmsnh.org/">IHM School</a> <a href="http://www.saintaugustineinstitute.org/">Saint Augustine Institute of Wisdom</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="primarycolor masthead"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="col s12 m6 l7 "> <a href="https://catholicism.org" class="brand-logo desktop_logo"><img class="site_logo pv-10 alignleft" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/01/site_logo.png" alt=""/></a> <a href="https://catholicism.org" class="brand-logo mobile_logo"><img class="site_logo pv-10 alignleft" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/01/site_logo_mobile.png" alt=""/></a> </div> <div class="col s12 m6 l5"> <div class="menu-housekeeping-container"><ul id="menu-housekeeping" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-62136" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-62136"><a href="https://catholicism.org/aboutushtm">About/Vocations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-62137" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-62137"><a href="https://catholicism.org/contactus">Contact/Visit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-62139" class="donate menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-62139"><a href="https://catholicism.org/donations">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-63353" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-63353"><a href="https://catholicism.org/doctrinal-belief.html">Doctrinal Beliefs</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="housekeeping" style="display: none;"> <div><a href="https://catholicism.org/aboutushtm">About</a></div> <div><a href="https://catholicism.org/contactus">Contact</a></div> <div><a href="https://catholicism.org/mass-schedule.html">Mass Times</a></div> <div><a href="https://catholicism.org/donations" class="donate">Please Donate</a></div> </div> <div class="searchcontainer searchcontainernew"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://catholicism.org/">  <input type="text" class="field" name="s" id="s" placeholder="What Seekest Thou?" />  </form> <a class="advanced_search" href="https://cse.google.com/cse/publicurl?cx=015611943512654018455:npjerh2alw0" target="_blank">Advanced Search</a> </div> <div class="press_button"> <a href="https://catholicism.org/press-releases.html">Media</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="secondarycolor navcontainer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="col s12 m8 l8">  <a class="ubermenu-responsive-toggle ubermenu-responsive-toggle-main ubermenu-skin-vanilla ubermenu-loc-primary ubermenu-responsive-toggle-content-align-left ubermenu-responsive-toggle-align-full " tabindex="0" data-ubermenu-target="ubermenu-main-12318-primary"><i class="fas fa-bars" ></i>Menu</a><div id="ubermenu-main-12318-primary" class="ubermenu ubermenu-nojs ubermenu-main ubermenu-menu-12318 ubermenu-loc-primary ubermenu-responsive ubermenu-responsive-4900 ubermenu-responsive-collapse ubermenu-horizontal ubermenu-transition-slide ubermenu-trigger-hover_intent ubermenu-skin-vanilla ubermenu-bar-align-full ubermenu-items-align-left ubermenu-bound ubermenu-sub-indicators ubermenu-retractors-responsive ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes"><ul id="ubermenu-nav-main-12318-primary" class="ubermenu-nav" data-title="Hamburger Menu"><li id="menu-item-54663" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54663 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/news" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">News</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54666" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54666 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/articles" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Feature Articles</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54664" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54664 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/current-issues-in-the-church" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Current Issues in the Church</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54668" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54668 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/outside-the-church-there-is-no-salvation" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Salvation and the Church</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54665" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54665 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/ad-rem-a-weekly-email-message-from-the-prior" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">«Ad Rem» A Fortnightly Email Message from the Prior</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54667" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54667 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/catholic-america" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Catholic America</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54670" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54670 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/apologetics" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Apologetics</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54671" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-taxonomy ubermenu-item-object-category ubermenu-item-54671 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/category/arts-and-culture" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Arts and Culture</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54672" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-54672 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/the-sisters" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Women’s Vocations</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54673" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-54673 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://catholicism.org/the-brothers" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Men’s Vocations</span></a></li></ul></div>  </div> <div class="col s12 m4 l4"> <ul class="soc"> <li><a class="soc-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/Saint-Benedict-Center-89406028645/"></a></li> <li><a class="soc-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/sbc_catholic"></a></li> <li><a class="soc-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/mancipia"></a></li> <li><a class="soc-flickr soc-icon-last" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/100722939@N06"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container content_container"> <div class="row" > <div class="col s12 m9 l8"> <div id="primary"> <div id="content" role="main"> <article id="post-8819" class="post-8819 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-the-slaves-of-the-immaculate-heart-of-mary category-vocations-and-states-in-life"> <header class="post-entry-header" > <h1 class="post-title">The 3rd Order</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <div class="dateauthor"><i class="fa fa-clock-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> <time class="entry-date" datetime="2005-01-31T00:27:28-05:00">Jan 31, 2005</time><span class="by-author"> <span class="sep"> </span> <span class="author vcard"><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a class="url fn n" href="https://catholicism.org/author/slavesoftheimmaculateheartofmary" title="View all posts by The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary" rel="author">The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></span></span> </div>  </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="clearfix"></div> <a data-sumome-share-id="012ea211-9239-4b9e-a788-4145ce0e580a"></a> <div class="clearfix"></div> <p>The Third Order of the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is a union of Catholic faithful who strive to have a share in the mission and charism of the religious congregation.</p> <div id="cont"> <p>Every Third Order is an organization within which laity (as well as clerics and religious who are not First or Second Order members of the order in question) can live their Faith more deeply and unite their prayers and works to those of the order to which they are attached.<span id="more-8819"></span> Thus, Third Order Carmelites, Franciscans, Dominicans, Mercederians, etc., and Benedictine Oblates participate in the particular work and spirituality of those orders. Most often, indulgences and other privileges from the Church are enjoyed by members of these associations, although, given our present lack of canonical status, there are no such indulgences or ecclesiastical privileges officially attached to membership in our Third Order.</p> <p>The Third Order of the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is designed to let the member participate — by prayer and pious practices — in the spirituality of our congregation. They also participate in the intellectual life of our congregation by continued study (via the Saint Augustine Institute). Participation in this third aspect of our religious life, the missionary apostolate, may be exercised in a variety of ways, all of which are aimed at the conversion of one’s neighbor.</p> <p align="center"><strong>How to Become a Third Order Member</strong></p> <p>To become a Third Order member one must:</p> <ol> <li>Be a baptized, confirmed, practicing Catholic of at least age fifteen;</li> <li>Practice True Devotion to Mary in the spirit of Saint Louis Marie de Montfort;</li> <li>Faithfully observe the three devotional practices of the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary:<br /> A. Wearing the Brown Scapular of Mount Carmel<br /> B. Wearing the Miraculous Medal<br /> C. Reciting the Rosary daily;</li> <li>Make a simple promise of obedience to the Superior of the congregation in all matters directly affecting the Crusade;</li> <li>Be loyal to the Holy See in the person of the currently reigning Holy Roman Pontiff;</li> <li>Acknowledge the right of the Superior of the Order to terminate memberships whenever, in his opinion, sound and grave reasons exist.</li> </ol> <p>The method for practicing true devotion to Mary (item two above) is explained in the book True Devotion to Mary by Saint Louis De Montfort, available from our book store. The book describes the thirty-three days of preparation for making the total consecration to Jesus Christ through slavery to His Holy Mother, Mary. Also necessary for the preparation are a Catholic Bible — Douay-Rheims version — and the book, The Imitation of Christ. At the end of the thirty-three days, one will be prepared to make the decision whether to consecrate his life to Christ in this manner.</p> <p>If, at the end of the thirty-three days, the candidate decides to become a Slave of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, the Consecration Form should be read, signed and dated. It should also be witnessed (signed and dated) by a priest, but if that is not possible, any practicing Catholic can witness the consecration and sign the consecration form. Third Order members renew their consecration every year at a ceremony on Pentecost Sunday.</p> <p>After making the consecration, to join the Crusade as a Third Order member, the Application for Membership form must be completed and sent in along with the signed Act of Consecration form to the Center in Richmond, New Hampshire (the address is in the front of this booklet). A religious name, usually the name of a favorite saint, may be entered on the form. When the signed and witnessed consecration form and the signed membership application form are received, the information is reviewed. When approved, the applicant becomes a Tertiary member of The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and receives a Consecration Certificate and a Certificate of Membership.</p> <p>The Application for Membership, Consecration Form, and detailed instructions for the thirty-three days of preparation (including a daily reading guide), are all included in the Third Order Information Packet. To request this packet, one may either write or call the Center, or <a href="../contactus.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">email</a> “General Information” (Brother Michael Marie, M.I.C.M., Tert. <a href="../oldsite/index.php?id=191&z=manprev#*" name="note*"><strong>*</strong></a>) for it.</p> <p>Membership in the Crusade does not imply a financial commitment. Our greatest concern by far, and our greatest desire is that we be able to inspire every Catholic we can possibly reach to join us in this epic Crusade. There are no dues or other financial obligations, although we do have a voluntary monthly contribution program for anyone who is interested, and we would greatly appreciate a one-time donation of at least five dollars to cover printing and mailing costs associated with recruiting each new member.</p> <p align="center"><strong>Third Order Formation</strong></p> <p>During their basic training, soldiers learn about their weapons and practice using them. Our weapon is the truth. We must learn about it in order to use it. To learn it we must study. Study informs the intellect and strengthens the will for our interior life and our apostolic life. Nemo dat quod non habet, “No man can give what he does not have”; therefore, study of the Faith is essential for spreading the Faith.</p> <p align="center"><strong>Saint Augustine Institute of Catholic Studies</strong></p> <p>The Saint Augustine Institute of Catholic Studies is the educational program of the Crusade of Saint Benedict Center. Its purpose is to provide a well-rounded and conveniently structured course of instruction in the Catholic Faith. The course of instruction is essentially the same as that offered at Saint Benedict Center since 1942. Our teachers are the Popes, the Councils, the Saints, and the Fathers and Doctors of the Church, who teach us the true interpretation of Holy Scripture and Catholic Tradition.</p> <p align="center"><strong>Circles of Study</strong></p> <p>The course has the aspect of continued adult education. Where practicable, small groups of Catholic men and women, each comprising no more than twelve members, form a Circle of Study which meets weekly to study and learn the Faith. The topics of study are specified in the Syllabus of the Saint Augustine Institute, available from our bookstore. Circles of Study are the dynamic training grounds of the whole Crusade. Details on the Saint Augustine Institute and Circles of Study are given in our Third Order Manual.</p> <p>There is an unfortunate “cubby-holing” and “compartmentalizing” tendency in modern man. This tendency affects Catholics when they think of such things as “prayer,” “study,” “liturgy,” and “morals” as separate realities. They are not separate, but fundamentally united. For us, study is not merely an exercise in acquiring knowledge. It is a pursuit of holy wisdom, employing the intellect and the will. Through study, each member of our Crusade grows closer to God, he doesn’t just “get smart.”</p> <p align="center"><strong>Activities of Third Order Members</strong></p> <p>Third Order members are called, by virtue of their holy Baptism, to participate in bringing the Faith to the world. Since we are a missionary congregation seeking to convert our country, our Tertiaries are called to participate in this apostolate. Particular activities in which Tertiaries may participate — listed in no particular order — are:</p> <ol> <li>Being circle founders/moderators/members;</li> <li>Volunteering as web site monitors/proofers;</li> <li>Distributing From the Housetops magazine (buying quantities at a discount to hand out), as well as our other books, tracts and tape products;</li> <li>Participating in the Saint Photina Project (worldwide missionary suppliers);</li> <li>Conducting or teaching catechism classes;</li> <li>Transcribing cassette tapes for future publication;</li> <li>Making rosaries or scapulars for the missionary work of the First and Second Orders;</li> <li>Encouraging vocations to the First and Second Order and recruiting new members for the Third Order;</li> <li>Joining Saint Philomena’s Perpetual Rosary (information will be sent to those who request Third Order information);</li> <li>Doing any of the spiritual or corporal works of mercy, employing every means possible to convert souls.</li> </ol> <p align="center"><strong>Third Order Devotions</strong></p> <p>The primary objective of any religious congregation is to help each member seek union with God and the salvation of his soul. This applies to the Third Order as well as to the First and Second. This means that the sanctification of each member is of paramount importance to our work. To ignore the interior life is to neglect the very fundamental reason for any religious consecration. As we have said, the devotional life is not separate from our life of study, and neither is it isolated from our apostolate. They all emanate from the same impulse to love God and be true servants and slaves of Jesus through Mary.</p> <p>Every member of the Crusade is required faithfully to observe four particular Marian devotional practices:</p> <ol> <li>Act of Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary — make it for the first time, or renew it, properly; then live it, and renew it formally at least once each year. (All members of the Crusade should make this formal renewal of their pledge of slavery to the Mother of God on Pentecost Sunday each year.)</li> <li>Brown Scapular of Mount Carmel — wear it with constancy and devotion.</li> <li>Miraculous Medal — wear it with constancy and devotion.</li> <li>The Holy Rosary — pray daily at least five decades, one chaplet, as Our Lady requested at Fatima.</li> </ol> <p>It should be noted that these obligations are not binding under pain of sin. In addition, tertiaries take no vows, only a promise of obedience in matters pertaining to our Crusade.</p> <p>Other recommended but optional devotions and novenas are covered in our Third Order Manual.</p> <p align="center"><strong>Current Third Order Officers</strong></p> <p>The following current officers of the Third Order, M.I.C.M., may be contacted directly.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Prefect</strong>: Brother John Marie Vianney, M.I.C.M., Tert. — 603-239-4800 <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#dbafb4aba9bebdbeb8af9bb8baafb3b4b7b2b8b2a8b6f5b4a9bc"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c6b2a9b6b4a3a0a3a5b286a5a7b2aea9aaafa5afb5abe8a9b4a1">[email protected]</span></a></li> <li><strong>Membership Director</strong>: Brother Dismas Mary, M.I.C.M., Tert. — <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#59293130353530292a3b3636322a192038313636773a3634"><span class="s2"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="28584041444441585b4a4747435b685149404747064b4745">[email protected]</span></span></a> — <span class="s3" style="font-weight: 300;">714-398-4893</span></li> <li><strong>Local Director</strong>: Brother Joseph Mary, M.I.C.M., Tert. — 603-239-6932</li> </ul> <p align="center"><a href="../contactus.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Email the Third Order Membership Director</a></p> <p> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="../oldsite/index.php?id=191&z=manprev#note*" name="*">*</a>Tertiaries use their religious names only when communicating with the Center or engaging in a work under the direct authority and approval of the Superior. The Third Order member puts “M.I.C.M., Tert.” after his name. “M.I.C.M.” without the “Tert.” is reserved for the use of First and Second Order members only.</p> </div> <div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-official sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-url="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html" data-text="The 3rd Order" data-via="SBC_Catholic" >Tweet</a></li><li class="share-facebook"><div class="fb-share-button" data-href="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html" data-layout="button_count"></div></li><li class="share-jetpack-whatsapp"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-jetpack-whatsapp sd-button" href="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html?share=jetpack-whatsapp" target="_blank" title="Click to share on WhatsApp" ><span>WhatsApp</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><div class="linkedin_button"><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="in/share" data-url="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html" data-counter="right"></script></div></li><li class="share-tumblr"><a class="tumblr-share-button" target="_blank" href="https://www.tumblr.com/share" data-title="The 3rd Order" data-content="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html" title="Share on Tumblr">Share on Tumblr</a></li><li class="share-telegram"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-telegram sd-button" href="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html?share=telegram" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Telegram" ><span>Telegram</span></a></li><li class="share-pocket"><div class="pocket_button"><a href="https://getpocket.com/save" class="pocket-btn" data-lang="en" data-save-url="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html" data-pocket-count="horizontal" >Pocket</a></div></li><li class="share-pinterest"><div class="pinterest_button"><a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcatholicism.org%2F3rd-order.html&media=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2F5375b6936ccfd7b1b44c6fe727eb6948%3Fs%3D96%26d%3Dmm%26r%3Dpg&description=The%203rd%20Order" data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-config="beside"><img src="//assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png" /></a></div></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-55369832-8819-67d7c37ed5748' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=14.4.1#blog_id=55369832&post_id=8819&origin=catholicism.org&obj_id=55369832-8819-67d7c37ed5748' data-name='like-post-frame-55369832-8819-67d7c37ed5748' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading">Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> <div id='jp-relatedposts' class='jp-relatedposts' > <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <a data-sumome-share-id="012ea211-9239-4b9e-a788-4145ce0e580a"></a> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="footer_meta"><i class="fa fa-files-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Filed Under: <a href="https://catholicism.org/category/the-slaves-of-the-immaculate-heart-of-mary" rel="category tag">The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a>, <a href="https://catholicism.org/category/vocations-and-states-in-life" rel="category tag">Vocations and States in Life</a> </div> </div> </article> <div id="disqus_thread"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col s12 m3 l4"> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <h3 style="color: #8d6a26; font-family: bebas-neue, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 110%; margin: 2px 0 .66rem;">Saints of the Day</h3> <ul class="link_list"> <li><a href="https://catholicism.org/saint-joseph-of-arimathea-first-century.html">Saint Joseph of Arimathea (First Century)</a></li> <li><a href="https://catholicism.org/saint-patrick-493.html">Saint Patrick (493)</a></li> </ul> <p></p> <aside id="blog_subscription-2" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h3 class="widget-title">Subscribe to Catholicism.org via Email</h3> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="#" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" id="subscribe-blog-blog_subscription-2" data-blog="55369832" data-post_access_level="everybody" > <div id="subscribe-text"><p>Enter your email address to receive notifications by email every time we post something to the site.</p> </div> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="jetpack-subscribe-label" class="screen-reader-text" for="subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2"> Email Address </label> <input type="email" name="email" required="required" value="" id="subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2" placeholder="Email Address" /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://catholicism.org/3rd-order.html"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog-blog_subscription-2"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="6ebf16f68e" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/3rd-order.html" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" name="jetpack_subscriptions_widget" > Subscribe </button> </p> </form> </div> </aside><div class="content-block-container"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/lived-christianity.html" target="_blank"><img width="336" height="280" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/ymfSHn_lived-christianity.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/ymfSHn_lived-christianity.jpg 336w, https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/ymfSHn_lived-christianity-300x250.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px" data-attachment-id="76359" data-permalink="https://catholicism.org/content-blocks/lived-christianity/ymfshn_lived-christianity" data-orig-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/ymfSHn_lived-christianity.jpg" data-orig-size="336,280" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="ymfSHn_lived-christianity" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/ymfSHn_lived-christianity-300x250.jpg" data-large-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/ymfSHn_lived-christianity.jpg" /></a></div> <style> .content-block-container { display: block; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; /* Adjust as needed */ clear: both; overflow: hidden; } .content-block-container img { display: block; width: 100%; /* or any specific width you need */ height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio */ } </style> <h3 style="color: #8d6a26; font-family: bebas-neue, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 110%; margin: 2px 0 .66rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(219, 219, 219, .870588) !important; padding-top: 20px; margin-top: 20px;">News Headlines</h3> <ul class="link_list"> <li><a href="https://catholicism.org/ennio-morricones-final-masterpiece-a-mass-for-the-pope.html">Ennio Morricone’s Final Masterpiece: A Mass for the Pope</a></li> <li><a href="https://catholicism.org/new-hampshire-pro-family-pro-student-educational-freedom-accounts-successfully-expanded.html">New Hampshire: Pro-Family, Pro-Student ‘Educational Freedom Accounts’ Expansion Passes Both Houses</a></li> <li><a href="https://catholicism.org/trump-admin-pauses-federal-funding-for-maine-universities-over-men-in-womens-sports.html">Trump admin pauses federal funding for Maine universities over men in women’s sports</a></li> <li><a href="https://catholicism.org/new-jersey-lawmakers-seek-to-impeach-democrat-ag-for-targeting-pro-life-pregnancy-centers.html">New Jersey lawmakers seek to impeach Democrat AG for targeting pro-life pregnancy centers</a></li> <li><a href="https://catholicism.org/syria-aleppo-carmelites-decry-a-crime-against-humanity-a-true-genocide.html">Syria: Aleppo Carmelites Decry ‘a crime against humanity — a true genocide’</a></li> </ul> <p></p> <div class="clearfix"></div> <p> <a class="gold_button" href="https://catholicism.org/category/news">More News</a></p> <div class="content-block-container"><a href="https://catholicism.org/a-way-to-help-our-apostolate.html" target="_blank"><img width="336" height="280" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/07/real-estate.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/07/real-estate.jpg 336w, https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/07/real-estate-300x250.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px" data-attachment-id="77084" data-permalink="https://catholicism.org/content-blocks/real-estate-middle/real-estate-2" data-orig-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/07/real-estate.jpg" data-orig-size="336,280" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="real estate" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/07/real-estate-300x250.jpg" data-large-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/07/real-estate.jpg" /></a></div> <style> .content-block-container { display: block; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; /* Adjust as needed */ clear: both; overflow: hidden; } .content-block-container img { display: block; width: 100%; /* or any specific width you need */ height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio */ } </style> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(219, 219, 219, .870588) !important; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div> <aside id="super_rss_reader-2" class="widget widget_super_rss_reader"><h3 class="widget-title">Latest From Our Store</h3> <div class="super-rss-reader-widget"><div class="srr-main"><div class="srr-wrap srr-style-none srr-vticker" data-visible="9" data-speed="4000" data-id="srr-tab-662" ><div class="srr-inner"><div class="srr-item "><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/the-liturgy-of-the-land-cultivating-a-catholic-homestead.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="The Liturgy of the Land: Cultivating a Catholic Homestead">The Liturgy of the Land: Cultivating a Catholic Homestead</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item srr-stripe"><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/the-battle-of-the-virtues-and-vices-defending-the-interior-castle-of-the-soul.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="The Battle of the Virtues and Vices: Defending the Interior Castle of the Soul">The Battle of the Virtues and Vices: Defending the Interior Castle of the Soul</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item "><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/the-twelve-degrees-of-humility-and-pride.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="The Twelve Degrees of Humility and Pride">The Twelve Degrees of Humility and Pride</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item srr-stripe"><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/the-crucifixion.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="The Crucifixion">The Crucifixion</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item "><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/isabel-of-spain.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Isabel of Spain">Isabel of Spain</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item srr-stripe"><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/waybread-of-the-angels-navigating-the-dark-forest-of-our-times-mp4.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Waybread of the Angels Navigating the Dark Forest of Our Times MP4">Waybread of the Angels Navigating the Dark Forest of Our Times MP4</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item "><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/the-triumph-of-tradition-mp4.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="The Triumph of Tradition MP4">The Triumph of Tradition MP4</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item srr-stripe"><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/the-absolute-primacy-of-jesus-christ-and-its-implications-for-our-crusade-mp3-clone.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="The Absolute Primacy of Jesus Christ and Its Implications for Our Crusade MP4">The Absolute Primacy of Jesus Christ and Its Implications for Our Crusade MP4</a></div></div></div><div class="srr-item "><div class="srr-item-in srr-clearfix"><div class="srr-title"><a href="https://store.catholicism.org/redeeming-the-time-mp4.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Redeeming the Time MP4">Redeeming the Time MP4</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></aside><aside id="enhancedtextwidget-10" class="widget widget_text enhanced-text-widget"><div class="textwidget widget-text"><div class="clearfix"></div><br> <a class="gold_button" href="https://store.catholicism.org/"><i class="fa fa-shopping-cart" aria-hidden="true"></i> Visit Our Store</a></div></aside><aside id="rss-322620899" class="widget widget_rss"><h3 class="widget-title"><a class="rsswidget rss-widget-feed" href="https://reconquest.net/feed/"><img class="rss-widget-icon" style="border:0" width="14" height="14" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/images/rss.png" alt="RSS" /></a> <a class="rsswidget rss-widget-title" href="https://reconquest.net/">RECONQUEST</a></h3><ul><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://reconquest.net/2025/03/16/episode-460-does-god-change-does-jesus-christ-change/'>Episode 460: Does God Change? Does Jesus Christ Change?</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://reconquest.net/2025/03/08/episode-459-is-exodus-accurate-history-guest-mike-gladieux/'>Episode 459: Is Exodus Accurate History? Guest: Mike Gladieux</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://reconquest.net/2025/02/28/episode-458-what-confused-pro-lifers-need-to-learn-about-ivf-guest-dwain-currier/'>Episode 458: What Confused Pro-Lifers Need to Learn about IVF. Guest: Dwain Currier</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://reconquest.net/2025/02/22/episode-457-the-heroic-witness-of-ecuadors-martyr-president-gabriel-garcia-moreno-guest-kathleen-heckenkamp/'>Episode 457: The Heroic Witness of Ecuador’s Martyr-President, Gabriel García Moreno. Guest: Kathleen Heckenkamp</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://reconquest.net/2025/02/15/episode-456-ai-and-the-technologarchs-guest-keith-jones/'>Episode 456: AI and the Technologarchs. Guest: Keith Jones</a></li></ul></aside><div class="content-block-container"><a href="https://catholicism.org/the-brothers" target="_blank"><img width="336" height="280" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/IRv26O_vocation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/IRv26O_vocation.jpg 336w, https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/IRv26O_vocation-300x250.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px" data-attachment-id="76353" data-permalink="https://catholicism.org/content-blocks/vocations-ad/irv26o_vocation" data-orig-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/IRv26O_vocation.jpg" data-orig-size="336,280" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="IRv26O_vocation" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/IRv26O_vocation-300x250.jpg" data-large-file="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/06/IRv26O_vocation.jpg" /></a></div> <style> .content-block-container { display: block; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; /* Adjust as needed */ clear: both; overflow: hidden; } .content-block-container img { display: block; width: 100%; /* or any specific width you need */ height: auto; /* Maintain aspect ratio */ } </style> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="prefooter primarycolor"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="col s12 m9 l9"> <a href="https://catholicism.org" class="alignleft desktop_logo"><img class="site_logo pv-15 alignleft" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/01/footer-logo.png" alt=""/></a> <a href="https://catholicism.org" class="alignleft mobile_logo"><img class="site_logo pv-15 alignleft" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/01/footer-logo-mobile.png" alt=""/></a> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col s12 m3 l3"> <ul class="soc"> <li><a class="soc-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/SaintBenedictCenterPage/"></a></li> <li><a class="soc-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/sbc_catholic"></a></li> <li><a class="soc-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/mancipia"></a></li> <li><a class="soc-flickr soc-icon-last" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/100722939@N06"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <footer class="mainfooter primarycolor lighten-2"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="col s12 m2 l2"> <aside id="nav_menu-3" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Life</h3><div class="menu-life-container"><ul id="menu-life" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-54678" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54678"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/morals">Morals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54679"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/sacramentals-and-relics">Sacramentals and Relics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54680"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/sacraments">Sacraments</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54681"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/spiritual-life">Spiritual Life</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54682"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/mass-and-the-liturgy">Mass and the Liturgy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54683"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/library-of-prayers">Library of Prayers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54685"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/angels-and-demons">Angels and Demons</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54686"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/four-last-things">Four Last Things</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54687" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54687"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/lives-of-the-saints">Lives of the Saints</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54688" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54688"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/miracles-and-apparitions">Miracles and Apparitions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54689" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54689"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/sermons">Sermons</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54691" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54691"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/catechesis-and-fundamentals">Catechesis and Fundamentals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54692" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54692"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/vocations-and-states-in-life">Vocations and States in Life</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="col s12 m2 l2"> <aside id="nav_menu-4" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Culture</h3><div class="menu-culture-container"><ul id="menu-culture" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-54773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54773"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/arts-and-culture">Arts and Culture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54774" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54774"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/book-reviews">Book Reviews</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54775" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54775"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/great-writers">Great Writers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54776" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54776"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/literature-and-poetry">Literature and Poetry</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54778"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/catholic-america">Catholic America</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54779"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/catholic-living">Catholic Living</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54780" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54780"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/marriage-and-family">Marriage and Family</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54781"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/politics-and-society">Politics and Society</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54782"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/the-slaves-of-the-immaculate-heart-of-mary">The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54784" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54784"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/catechesis-and-fundamentals">Catechesis and Fundamentals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54785" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54785"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/vocations-and-states-in-life">Vocations and States in Life</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="col s12 m2 l2"> <aside id="nav_menu-5" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Thought</h3><div class="menu-thought-container"><ul id="menu-thought" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-54866" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54866"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/current-issues-in-the-church">Current Issues in the Church</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54867" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54867"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/faith-and-reason">Faith and Reason</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54868" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54868"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/heresies-and-errors">Heresies and Errors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54869" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54869"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/outside-the-church-there-is-no-salvation">Outside the Church there is no Salvation (Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54870"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/polemics">Polemics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54872"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54873" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54873"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/history">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54874" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54874"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54875"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/theology">Theology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54877" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54877"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/holy-scripture">Holy Scripture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54878" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54878"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/patrology">Patrology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54879"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/sermons">Sermons</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="col s12 m2 l2"> <aside id="nav_menu-6" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Chronicles</h3><div class="menu-chronicles-container"><ul id="menu-chronicles" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-54960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54960"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/biography">Biography</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54961"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/history">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54962"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/patrology">Patrology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54964"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/announcements">Announcements</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54965"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/current-issues-in-the-church">Current Issues in the Church</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-54966"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/news" aria-current="page">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54967"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/press-releases">Press Releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54968"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/special-events">Special Events</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="col s12 m2 l2"> <aside id="nav_menu-7" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">People & Places</h3><div class="menu-peopleplaces-container"><ul id="menu-peopleplaces" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-55049" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55049"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/biography">Biography</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55050" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55050"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/lives-of-the-saints">Lives of the Saints</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55051" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55051"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/our-lady">Our Lady</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55053" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55053"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/catholic-america">Catholic America</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55054" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55054"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/holy-places">Holy Places</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55055"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/saint-benedict-center-in-richmond-new-hampshire">Saint Benedict Center in Richmond, New Hampshire</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="col s12 m2 l2"> <aside id="nav_menu-8" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Mission</h3><div class="menu-mission-container"><ul id="menu-mission" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-55136" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55136"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55137" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55137"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/catechesis-and-fundamentals">Catechesis and Fundamentals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55138" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55138"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/catholic-america">Catholic America</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55139"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/outside-the-church-there-is-no-salvation">Outside the Church there is no Salvation (Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55141"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/the-slaves-of-the-immaculate-heart-of-mary">The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55142" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55142"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/saint-benedict-center-in-richmond-new-hampshire">Saint Benedict Center in Richmond, New Hampshire</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-55143"><a href="https://catholicism.org/category/vocations-and-states-in-life">Vocations and States in Life</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="primarycolor sub_footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="col s12 m6 l6"> <div class="clearfix"></div> <aside id="enhancedtextwidget-17" class="widget widget_text enhanced-text-widget"><div class="textwidget widget-text"><p>The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary were founded in 1949 by <a href="https://catholicism.org/father-feeney.html">Father Leonard Feeney, M.I.C.M.</a> Founding Superior of Saint Benedict Center, N.H.: <a href="https://catholicism.org/author/brfrancismaluf">Brother Francis, M.I.C.M. (Fakhri B. Maluf, Ph.D.), RIP</a> <br>Prior: <a href="https://catholicism.org/author/bam">Brother André Marie, M.I.C.M.</a> | Prioress: <a href="https://catholicism.org/author/sistermarypeter">Sister Mary Peter, M.I.C.M.</a></p></div></aside> </div> <div class="col s12 m6 l6"> <div class="clearfix"></div> <aside id="enhancedtextwidget-18" class="widget widget_text enhanced-text-widget"><div class="textwidget widget-text"><p>Copyright © 2004-2020 Saint Benedict Center, Richmond, New Hampshire. Some rights reserved. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under the <a href="https://catholicism.org/copyright-and-sharing.html">Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike License.</a><br> <a href="https://catholicism.org/category/outside-the-church-there-is-no-salvation">Extra ecclesiam nulla salus (outside the Church there is no salvation).</a></p></div></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site_credits"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="col s12 m12 l12 "> <div class="clearfix"></div> <p style="text-align: center;">Site development: <a href="http://bonaventuredesign.com" target="_blank">Bonaventure</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script async>(function(s,u,m,o,j,v){j=u.createElement(m);v=u.getElementsByTagName(m)[0];j.async=1;j.src=o;j.dataset.sumoSiteId='092c4d00a6354a002bfd7800928f830013ff1c005adfaf00385550005c5f8c00';j.dataset.sumoPlatform='wordpress';v.parentNode.insertBefore(j,v)})(window,document,'script','//load.sumome.com/');</script> <script type="application/javascript"> const ajaxURL = "https://catholicism.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; function sumo_add_woocommerce_coupon(code) { jQuery.post(ajaxURL, { action: 'sumo_add_woocommerce_coupon', code: code, }); } function sumo_remove_woocommerce_coupon(code) { jQuery.post(ajaxURL, { action: 'sumo_remove_woocommerce_coupon', code: code, }); } function sumo_get_woocommerce_cart_subtotal(callback) { jQuery.ajax({ method: 'POST', url: ajaxURL, dataType: 'html', data: { action: 'sumo_get_woocommerce_cart_subtotal', }, success: function (subtotal) { return callback(null, subtotal); }, error: function (err) { return callback(err, 0); } }); } </script> <div class="jetpack-instant-search__widget-area" style="display: none"> </div> <script> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&appId=249643311490&version=v2.3'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script> <script> document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', function() { if ( 'undefined' !== typeof FB ) { FB.XFBML.parse(); } } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function () { var currentScript = document.currentScript; // Helper function to load an external script. function loadScript( url, cb ) { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); var prev = currentScript || document.getElementsByTagName( 'script' )[ 0 ]; script.setAttribute( 'async', true ); script.setAttribute( 'src', url ); prev.parentNode.insertBefore( script, prev ); script.addEventListener( 'load', cb ); } function init() { loadScript( 'https://platform.linkedin.com/in.js?async=true', function () { if ( typeof IN !== 'undefined' ) { IN.init(); } } ); } if ( document.readyState === 'loading' ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } else { init(); } document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', function() { if ( typeof IN !== 'undefined' ) { IN.parse(); } } ); } )(); </script> <script id="tumblr-js" type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.tumblr.com/share-button.js"></script> <script> ( function () { var currentScript = document.currentScript; // Don't use Pocket's default JS as it we need to force init new Pocket share buttons loaded via JS. function jetpack_sharing_pocket_init() { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); var prev = currentScript || document.getElementsByTagName( 'script' )[ 0 ]; script.setAttribute( 'async', true ); script.setAttribute( 'src', 'https://widgets.getpocket.com/v1/j/btn.js?v=1' ); prev.parentNode.insertBefore( script, prev ); } if ( document.readyState === 'loading' ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', jetpack_sharing_pocket_init ); } else { jetpack_sharing_pocket_init(); } document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', jetpack_sharing_pocket_init ); } )(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function () { // Pinterest shared resources var s = document.createElement( 'script' ); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.setAttribute( 'data-pin-hover', true ); s.src = window.location.protocol + '//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinit.js'; var x = document.getElementsByTagName( 'script' )[ 0 ]; x.parentNode.insertBefore(s, x); // if 'Pin it' button has 'counts' make container wider function init() { var shares = document.querySelectorAll( 'li.share-pinterest' ); for ( var i = 0; i < shares.length; i++ ) { var share = shares[ i ]; var countElement = share.querySelector( 'a span' ); if (countElement) { var countComputedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(countElement); if ( countComputedStyle.display === 'block' ) { var countWidth = parseInt( countComputedStyle.width, 10 ); share.style.marginRight = countWidth + 11 + 'px'; } } } } if ( document.readyState !== 'complete' ) { document.addEventListener( 'load', init ); } else { init(); } } )(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="disqus_count-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var countVars = {"disqusShortname":"cathorg"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/disqus-comment-system/public/js/comment_count.js?ver=3.1.2" id="disqus_count-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="disqus_embed-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var embedVars = {"disqusConfig":{"integration":"wordpress 3.1.2"},"disqusIdentifier":"8819 https:\/\/catholicism.org\/?p=8819","disqusShortname":"cathorg","disqusTitle":"The 3rd Order","disqusUrl":"https:\/\/catholicism.org\/3rd-order.html","postId":"8819"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/disqus-comment-system/public/js/comment_embed.js?ver=3.1.2" id="disqus_embed-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/lightboxes/lc-lightbox/lib/alloy_finger.min.js?ver=1.3.0" id="gg-lb-alloyfinger-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/lightboxes/lc-lightbox/js/lc_lightbox.gg.min.js?ver=8.8.2" id="gg-lightbox-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-assets/build/i18n-loader.js?minify=true&ver=becd7d9884bc1b331e45" id="wp-jp-i18n-loader-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-jp-i18n-loader-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.jpI18nLoader.state = {"baseUrl":"https://catholicism.org/wp-content/languages/","locale":"en_US","domainMap":{"jetpack-admin-ui":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-assets":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-backup-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-blaze":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-boost-core":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-boost-speed-score":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-classic-theme-helper":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-compat":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-config":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-connection":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-explat":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-external-media":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-forms":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-image-cdn":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-import":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-ip":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-jitm":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-licensing":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-masterbar":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-my-jetpack":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-password-checker":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-plugins-installer":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-post-list":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-protect-models":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-protect-status":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-publicize-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-search-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-stats":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-stats-admin":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-sync":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-videopress-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-waf":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-wordads":"plugins/jetpack","woocommerce-analytics":"plugins/jetpack"},"domainPaths":{"jetpack-admin-ui":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-admin-ui/","jetpack-assets":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-assets/","jetpack-backup-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-backup/","jetpack-blaze":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-blaze/","jetpack-boost-core":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-boost-core/","jetpack-boost-speed-score":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-boost-speed-score/","jetpack-classic-theme-helper":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-classic-theme-helper/","jetpack-compat":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-compat/","jetpack-config":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-config/","jetpack-connection":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-connection/","jetpack-explat":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-explat/","jetpack-external-media":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-external-media/","jetpack-forms":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-forms/","jetpack-image-cdn":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-image-cdn/","jetpack-import":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-import/","jetpack-ip":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-ip/","jetpack-jitm":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-jitm/","jetpack-licensing":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-licensing/","jetpack-masterbar":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-masterbar/","jetpack-my-jetpack":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-my-jetpack/","jetpack-password-checker":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-password-checker/","jetpack-plugins-installer":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-plugins-installer/","jetpack-post-list":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-post-list/","jetpack-protect-models":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-protect-models/","jetpack-protect-status":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-protect-status/","jetpack-publicize-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-publicize/","jetpack-search-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-search/","jetpack-stats":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-stats/","jetpack-stats-admin":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-stats-admin/","jetpack-sync":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-sync/","jetpack-videopress-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-videopress/","jetpack-waf":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-waf/","jetpack-wordads":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-wordads/","woocommerce-analytics":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/woocommerce-analytics/"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-includes/js/dist/url.min.js?ver=e87eb76272a3a08402d2" id="wp-url-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-instant-search-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JetpackInstantSearchOptions=JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent("%7B%22overlayOptions%22%3A%7B%22colorTheme%22%3A%22light%22%2C%22enableInfScroll%22%3Atrue%2C%22enableFilteringOpensOverlay%22%3Atrue%2C%22enablePostDate%22%3Atrue%2C%22enableSort%22%3Atrue%2C%22highlightColor%22%3A%22%23FFC%22%2C%22overlayTrigger%22%3A%22submit%22%2C%22resultFormat%22%3A%22expanded%22%2C%22showPoweredBy%22%3Atrue%2C%22defaultSort%22%3A%22relevance%22%2C%22excludedPostTypes%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%22homeUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcatholicism.org%22%2C%22locale%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22postsPerPage%22%3A15%2C%22siteId%22%3A55369832%2C%22postTypes%22%3A%7B%22post%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Post%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Posts%22%7D%2C%22page%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Page%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Pages%22%7D%2C%22attachment%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Media%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Media%22%7D%2C%22e-landing-page%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Landing%20Page%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Landing%20Pages%22%7D%2C%22e-floating-buttons%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Floating%20Element%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Floating%20Elements%22%7D%2C%22content-blocks%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Content%20Block%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Content%20Blocks%22%7D%2C%22new-slider%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22New%20Slider%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22New%20Slider%22%7D%7D%2C%22webpackPublicPath%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcatholicism.org%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fjetpack%5C%2Fjetpack_vendor%5C%2Fautomattic%5C%2Fjetpack-search%5C%2Fbuild%5C%2Finstant-search%5C%2F%22%2C%22isPhotonEnabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22isFreePlan%22%3Afalse%2C%22apiRoot%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcatholicism.org%5C%2Fwp-json%5C%2F%22%2C%22apiNonce%22%3A%22d68231a590%22%2C%22isPrivateSite%22%3Afalse%2C%22isWpcom%22%3Afalse%2C%22hasOverlayWidgets%22%3Afalse%2C%22widgets%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22widgetsOutsideOverlay%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22hasNonSearchWidgets%22%3Afalse%2C%22preventTrackingCookiesReset%22%3Afalse%7D")); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-search/build/instant-search/jp-search.js?minify=false&ver=749aa845a5ccb16bc8a6" id="jetpack-instant-search-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?ver=202512" id="jp-tracks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?" id="google-maps-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ubermenu-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ubermenu_data = {"remove_conflicts":"on","reposition_on_load":"off","intent_delay":"300","intent_interval":"100","intent_threshold":"7","scrollto_offset":"50","scrollto_duration":"1000","responsive_breakpoint":"4900","accessible":"on","retractor_display_strategy":"responsive","touch_off_close":"on","submenu_indicator_close_mobile":"on","collapse_after_scroll":"on","v":"3.6.0.1","configurations":["main"],"ajax_url":"https:\/\/catholicism.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","plugin_url":"https:\/\/catholicism.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/ubermenu\/","disable_mobile":"off","prefix_boost":"","aria_role_navigation":"off","aria_nav_label":"off","aria_expanded":"off","aria_hidden":"off","aria_controls":"","aria_responsive_toggle":"off","icon_tag":"i","theme_locations":{"primary":"Primary Menu","secondary":"Housekeeping Menu"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/ubermenu/assets/js/ubermenu.min.js?ver=3.6.0.1" id="ubermenu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"55369832\",\"post\":\"8819\",\"tz\":\"-4\",\"srv\":\"catholicism.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.4.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "55369832", "8819" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202512.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/isotope/isotope.pkgd.min.js?ver=3.0.6" id="gg-isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/jquery.galleria/galleria-1.5.7.min.js?ver=1.5.7" id="gg-galleria-slider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gg-gs-lcweb-theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var lcgg = {"rtl":"","lightbox":"lcweb","columnized_max_w":"260","masonry_min_w":"150","phosostr_min_w":"120","coll_max_w":"400","preload_hires_img":"","back_to_gall_scroll":"","delayed_fx":"1","link_target":"_top","no_rclick":"","deeplinked_elems":[],"basic_deeplink":"","dl_coll_gall":"","slider_crop":"false","slider_toggle_info":"","slider_fx":"fadeslide","slider_fx_time":"400","slider_autoplay":"","slider_interval":"3000"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/jquery.galleria/themes/ggallery/galleria.ggallery.min.js?ver=1.5.7" id="gg-gs-lcweb-theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/slick/slick.min.js?ver=1.8.0" id="gg-slick-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/lc-lazyload/lc-lazyload.min.js?ver=3.0.0b" id="gg-lazyload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/js/global_gallery.min.js?ver=8.8.2" id="gg-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/likes/queuehandler.min.js?ver=14.4.1" id="jetpack_likes_queuehandler-js"></script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20250317#ver=20250317' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function($) { "use strict"; let lcl_gg_prepare, lcl_gg_nulling_prepare, gg_ptb_executed; // thumbs maker var gg_lb_thumb = function(src) { return 'https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/classes/easy_wp_thumbs.php?src='+ encodeURIComponent(src) +'&w=100&h=100'; }; // show lightbox window.gg_throw_lb = function(gall_obj, rel, clicked_index, no_deeplink) { if(!Object.keys(gall_obj).length) { return false; } ($('#gg_lb_gall').length) ? $('#gg_lb_gall').empty() : $('body').append('<div id="gg_lb_gall"></div>'); if(typeof(gg_no_lb) != 'undefined') { return false; } var sel_img = []; $.each(Object.keys(gall_obj), function(i, v) { var obj = gall_obj[v]; var o = { src : obj.img, title : obj.title, txt : obj.descr, author : obj.author, canonical_url : (false) ? "https://catholicism.org?lcl_canon=" + encodeURIComponent(obj.img) : false }; sel_img.push(o); }); var lcl_obj = lc_lightbox(sel_img, { deeplink : (typeof(no_deeplink) == 'undefined') ? false : false, img_zoom : false, global_type : 'image', wrap_class : 'lcl_zoomin_oc', author_by_txt : "by", slideshow : true, open_close_time : 500, animation_time : 400, slideshow_time : 4000, autoplay : false, counter : false, progressbar : false, max_width : '%', max_height : '%', ol_opacity : 0, ol_color : '#111', ol_pattern : false, border_w : 0, border_col : '#666', padding : 0, radius : 0, shadow : false, remove_scrollbar: false, skin : 'minimal', data_position : 'under', cmd_position : 'inner', ins_close_pos : 'normal', nav_btn_pos : 'normal', txt_hidden : 500, thumbs_nav : false, tn_hidden : 500, thumbs_w : 110, thumbs_h : 110, thumbs_maker_url: 'https://catholicism.org/wp-content/plugins/global-gallery/classes/easy_wp_thumbs/easy_wp_thumbs.php?src=%URL%&w=%W%&h=%H%&q=80', fullscreen : false, fs_only : 500, socials : false, fb_share_params : false, comments : false, download : false, rclick_prevent : false, }); if(typeof(lcl_gg_prepare) == 'undefined' || !lcl_gg_prepare || typeof(no_deeplink) != 'undefined') { lcl_open(lcl_obj, clicked_index); } else { if(typeof(lcl_gg_nulling_prepare) != 'undefined') { clearTimeout(lcl_gg_nulling_prepare); } lcl_gg_nulling_prepare = setTimeout(function() { lcl_gg_prepare = false; }, 150); } }; })(jQuery); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://catholicism.org/wp-content/themes/catholicism-2017/js/materialize.min.js"></script> </body> </html>