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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=EEPROM" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=EEPROM" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nascita_della_tecnologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nascita_della_tecnologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nascita della tecnologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nascita_della_tecnologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_transistor_di_memoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_transistor_di_memoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Il transistor di memoria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_transistor_di_memoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_transistor_di_accesso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_transistor_di_accesso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Il transistor di accesso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_transistor_di_accesso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Limitazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limitazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Considerazioni_conclusive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Considerazioni_conclusive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Considerazioni conclusive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Considerazioni_conclusive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">EEPROM</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 41 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="ذاكرة قراءة فقط قابلة للبرمجة والمسح الكهربائي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذاكرة قراءة فقط قابلة للبرمجة والمسح الكهربائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrically_Erasable_Programmable_Read-Only_Memory" title="Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrically-Erasable_Progammable_Read_Only" title="Electrically-Erasable Progammable Read Only - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Electrically-Erasable Progammable Read Only" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئی‌ئیپ‌رام - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ئی‌ئیپ‌رام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrically-erasable_programmable_read-only_memory" title="Electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrically_erasable_programmable_read-only_memory" title="Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்னழி நிரல்மாறு படிக்க மட்டும் நினைவகம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னழி நிரல்மாறு படிக்க மட்டும் நினைவகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8A%B9%E9%99%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%8D%E5%86%99%E5%8F%AA%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98" title="电子抹除式可复写只读内存 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电子抹除式可复写只读内存" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%8A%B9%E9%99%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%AF%E8%A4%87%E5%AF%AB%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="EEPROM" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q205908#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti 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</div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrically_Erasable_Programmable_Read-Only_Memory&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory">Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EPROM_M27C512.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/EPROM_M27C512.JPG/220px-EPROM_M27C512.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/EPROM_M27C512.JPG/330px-EPROM_M27C512.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/EPROM_M27C512.JPG/440px-EPROM_M27C512.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="2367" /></a><figcaption>EPROM ST M27C512</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Informatica" title="Informatica">informatica</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Elettronica" title="Elettronica">elettronica</a> una <b>EEPROM</b> (anche scritto <b>E<sup>2</sup>PROM</b>, <a href="/wiki/Acronimo" title="Acronimo">acronimo</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a> <i>Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory</i>, <abbr title="letteralmente">lett.</abbr> "memoria di sola lettura programmabile e elettricamente cancellabile") è un tipo di <a href="/wiki/Memoria_(informatica)" title="Memoria (informatica)">memoria informatica</a> <a href="/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" title="Read Only Memory">di sola lettura</a> cancellabile elettricamente (a differenza delle <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a>) usata nei <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> e altri <a href="/wiki/Dispositivo_elettronico" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispositivo elettronico">dispositivi elettronici</a> per memorizzare piccole quantità di dati che devono essere mantenuti quando viene tolta l'<a href="/wiki/Alimentazione_elettrica" title="Alimentazione elettrica">alimentazione elettrica</a> (per esempio la <a href="/wiki/Configurazione_(informatica)" title="Configurazione (informatica)">configurazione</a> del dispositivo). Le operazioni di scrittura, cancellazione e riscrittura hanno luogo elettricamente. </p><p>Ciascuna cella di memoria capace di memorizzare un singolo <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a> è costituito da due transistori <a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS</a>, uno "di memoria" e uno "di accesso". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nascita_della_tecnologia">Nascita della tecnologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Nascita della tecnologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Nascita della tecnologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> Sviluppò l'Inter nel 1945 basandosi sulla tecnologia <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a>, ma usando uno strato sottile di ossido per il gate. In questo modo il chip può cancellare i propri bit senza richiedere l'uso di una <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_ultravioletta" title="Radiazione ultravioletta">sorgente UV</a>. In seguito Perlegos e altri lasciarono Intel per fondare <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724191530/http://www.antiquetech.com/companies/seeq_technology.htm">Seeq Technology</a>, che aggiunse nel dispositivo le <a href="/wiki/Pompa_di_carica" title="Pompa di carica">pompe di carica</a> per fornire le alte tensioni per programmare le EEPROM.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La tecnologia EEPROM è stata quindi sviluppata sulla base della preesistente tecnologia <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a>, al fine di ovviare al problema della cancellazione dei dati. Nelle EPROM, infatti, la cancellazione viene effettuata attraverso l'esposizione a <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_ultravioletta" title="Radiazione ultravioletta">radiazione UV</a>, con conseguenti difficoltà di natura logistica (necessità di rimozione del chip dalla scheda su cui è assemblato, perdita di tempo per l'esposizione/cancellazione stessa). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_transistor_di_memoria">Il transistor di memoria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Il transistor di memoria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Il transistor di memoria"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a> di memoria ha due gate. </p><p>Il primo è un gate tradizionale, collegato elettricamente con il resto del gruppo. In questa tecnologia è denominato <i>control gate</i>. Il secondo gate è sepolto nell'ossido e quindi isolato elettricamente. Esso è separato dal primo gate, così come dal canale del transistor, per mezzo di un sottilissimo strato di materiale isolante. Per questo motivo è detto <i>floating gate</i>. In gergo, lo si definisce <i>flottante</i>. </p><p>A differenza delle EPROM, nelle EEPROM vi è una regione, in prossimità del drain, in cui lo spessore dello strato di ossido che separa il floating gate dal canale è ridotto al punto tale da permettere il passaggio di elettroni per <a href="/wiki/Effetto_tunnel" title="Effetto tunnel">effetto tunnel</a> (Fowler-Nordheim). </p><p>Il <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a> di memoria viene programmato attraverso il pilotaggio in tensione del control gate. La variazione del potenziale a cui questo si trova esposto determina, nella zona in cui il ridotto spessore dell'ossido isolante lo rende possibile, il manifestarsi dell'effetto tunnel e la conseguente attrazione di elettroni dal drain al gate sepolto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_transistor_di_accesso">Il transistor di accesso</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Il transistor di accesso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Il transistor di accesso"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Come nel caso delle memorie EPROM, anche le EEPROM presentano una criticità legata alla fase di cancellazione. Il processo di scarica del floating gate può infatti determinare, come effetto indesiderato, l'accumulo di una carica positiva con conseguente variazione della tensione di soglia del dispositivo. Il problema è stato risolto mediante l'introduzione dei transistori di accesso, che sono parte integrante della cella. </p><p>La presenza di questi ultimi determina tuttavia, un maggiore impiego di area rispetto alle EPROM. Per ovviare a questo problema sono nate le <a href="/wiki/Memoria_flash" title="Memoria flash">memorie flash</a>. È bene ricordare che le memorie flash differiscono dalle EEPROM per il fatto che la programmazione si basa, in quest'ultimo caso, sul fenomeno fisico della <a href="/wiki/Effetto_valanga_(elettronica)" title="Effetto valanga (elettronica)">iniezione a valanga</a>, e non su quello dell'effetto tunnel. </p><p>Il transistor di accesso, pilotato dalla word line, svolge inoltre la funzione di mettere in comunicazione il transistor di memoria con la bit line quando è necessario leggere il dato binario immagazzinato sotto forma di carica elettrica all'interno del canale del transistor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitazioni">Limitazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Limitazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Limitazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ci sono due limitazioni sulle informazioni immagazzinate: resistenza e ritenzione. </p><p>Durante le riscritture, l'ossido del gate nei <a href="/wiki/Floating_Gate_MOSFET" title="Floating Gate MOSFET">transistor floating-gate</a> accumula gradualmente elettroni intrappolati. Il campo elettrico di questi elettroni si somma a quello degli elettroni nel gate flottante, abbassando la differenza tra le tensioni associate ai due stati logici. Dopo un certo numero di cicli di riscrittura, la differenza diventa troppo piccola per essere misurabile, la cella è bloccata nello stato programmato e si verificano problemi di resistenza. I produttori tipicamente specificano un numero massimo di riscritture pari a 10<sup>6</sup> e oltre. </p><p>Nello stato programmato, inoltre, col tempo gli elettroni iniettati nel gate flottante possono andare in deriva attraverso l'isolante, soprattutto ad alte temperature. Questo causa una perdita di carica, riportando la cella nello stato cancellato. Tipicamente i produttori garantiscono una durata del ritenzione del dato di 10 o più anni.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Considerazioni_conclusive">Considerazioni conclusive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Considerazioni conclusive" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Considerazioni conclusive"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le EEPROM sono il più diffuso componente elettronico ad utilizzare principi della <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_quantistica" title="Meccanica quantistica">meccanica quantistica</a>; ad esempio, l'<a href="/wiki/Effetto_tunnel" title="Effetto tunnel">effetto tunnel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> George Rostky, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104409/http://www.eetimes.com/issue/fp/showArticle.jhtml;?articleID=18307418"><span style="font-style:italic;">Remembering the PROM knights of Intel</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">EE Times</span>, 2 luglio 2002. <small>URL consultato l'8 febbraio 2007</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.eetimes.com/issue/fp/showArticle.jhtml;?articleID=18307418">url originale</abbr> il 29 settembre 2007)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">System Integration - From Transistor Design to Large Scale Integrated Circuits</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Angelo Geraci, <i>Principi di elettronica dei sistemi digitali</i>, editore McGraw-Hill</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoria_flash" title="Memoria flash">Memoria flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiave_USB" title="Chiave USB">Chiave USB</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:EEPROM"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:EEPROM?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sull'<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:EEPROM?uselang=it">EEPROM</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/EEPROM.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">EEPROM</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205908#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/electrically-alterable-read-only-memory"><span style="font-style:italic;">electrically alterable read-only memory</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205908#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFOLDOC" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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