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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Product management in software development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Product_management_in_software_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Product management in software development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Product_management_in_software_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Product_owner_in_software_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_owner_in_software_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Product owner in software development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_owner_in_software_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Product_manager_career_progression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_manager_career_progression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Product manager career progression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_manager_career_progression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerente_de_producto" title="Gerente de producto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gerente de producto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84" title="مدیر محصول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدیر محصول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_de_produit" title="Chef de produit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chef de produit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%8D%95%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%A0%80" title="프로덕트 매니저 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프로덕트 매니저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voditelj_proizvoda" title="Voditelj proizvoda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Voditelj proizvoda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_manager" title="Product manager – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Product manager" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8" title="מנהל מוצר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנהל מוצר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бүтээгдэхүүний менежер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүтээгдэхүүний менежер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productmanager" title="Productmanager – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Productmanager" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%80%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="プロダクトマネージャー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロダクトマネージャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83" title="Менеджер по продукту – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Менеджер по продукту" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn_y%C3%B6neticisi" title="Ürün yöneticisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ürün yöneticisi" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional role in business</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Project_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Manager">Project Manager</a>.</div> <p>A <b>product manager</b> (<b>PM</b>) is a professional role that is responsible for the development of products for an organization, known as the practice of <a href="/wiki/Product_management" title="Product management">product management</a>. Product managers own the <a href="/wiki/Product_strategy" title="Product strategy">product strategy</a> behind a product (physical or digital), specify its <a href="/wiki/Product_requirements_document" title="Product requirements document">functional requirements</a>, and manage <a href="/wiki/Go_to_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Go to market">feature releases</a>. Product managers coordinate work done by many other functions (like <a href="/wiki/Software_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software engineer">software engineers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_science" title="Data science">data scientists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Product_design" title="Product design">product designers</a>), and are ultimately responsible for product outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-ctpmc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctpmc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ctpmi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctpmi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_manager&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A product manager considers numerous factors such as the intended customer or user of a product, the products the competition offers, and how well the product fits with the company's business model. The scope of a product manager varies greatly, some may manage one or more product lines and others (especially in large companies) may manage small components or features of a product.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the financial services industry (banking, insurance, etc.), product managers manage financial products (for example, credit card portfolios), their profit and loss, and also determine the business development strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is often confused with other similar roles, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_manager" title="Project manager">Project manager</a>: may perform all activities related to schedule and resource management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_management" title="Program management">Program Manager</a>, sometimes known as Technical Program Manager (TPM): may perform activities related to schedule, resource, and cross-functional execution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_owner" class="mw-redirect" title="Product owner">Product owner</a>: a popular role in <a href="/wiki/Agile_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Agile development">Agile development</a> methodology, may perform all activities related to a self-encapsulated feature or feature set plan, development, and releases</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">Product marketing</a> manager: responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Marketing_communications" title="Marketing communications">outbound marketing</a> activities of the product, not development and cross-functional execution</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Product_management_in_software_development">Product management in software development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_manager&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Product management in software development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The role of the product manager was created to manage the complexity of the product lines of a business, as well as to ensure that those products were profitable. Product managers can come from many different backgrounds because their primary skills involve working well with customers and understanding the problems the product is intended to solve.<sup id="cite_ref-Geracie2010a_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geracie2010a-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A product manager is responsible for orchestrating the various activities associated with ensuring that a product is delivered that meets users' needs. A software product manager's role varies as the software moves through its lifecycle; earlier in the development process the product manager meets the intended audience of the product to engage in <a href="/wiki/Requirements_elicitation" title="Requirements elicitation">requirements elicitation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas later in the lifecycle the product manager's primary focus may be on <a href="/wiki/Acceptance_testing" title="Acceptance testing">acceptance testing</a> of the product. Throughout all the stages of the product development process, the product manager represents the needs of end-users, evaluates market trends and competition, and uses this information to determine what features to build. For example, a product manager may decide a feature is needed because users are asking for it, or because the feature is needed to stay competitive. To facilitate this decision-making process the product manager may set out a vision for the product or a general framework for making product decisions. The product manager also ensures an atmosphere of cohesiveness and focused collaboration between all the members of the team, all in the interest of driving the product forward.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen2010a_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2010a-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Product managers are often thought of as sitting at the intersection of business, design, and technology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Product_owner_in_software_development">Product owner in software development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_manager&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Product owner in software development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within an <a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">agile software development</a> environment, product delivery responsibilities are taken on by a <a href="/wiki/Product_owner" class="mw-redirect" title="Product owner">product owner</a>, a project role that a product or engineering manager can perform to ensure the successful implementation of tactical plans and requirements during the development stage of a product. While the product manager has a strategic and long-term perspective with a strong focus on the market success of a product, a product owner aims to maximize the business value of the product or increment created by an agile project which can include benefits within an organization and does not explicitly relate to a product's marketability. Therefore, a product owner focuses mainly on developing a product and may limit their product owner's responsibilities to the duration of a project. The product manager role, in contrast, requires a long-term perspective of the market and product line. </p><p>The day-to-day responsibilities of a product owner within an agile project include creating and prioritizing the product backlog, which is a list of things to be done by the development team, to maximize the business value created by the project.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The product backlog is made up of <a href="/wiki/User_story" title="User story">user stories</a> which are brief narrative descriptions of what a feature should do, including a checklist of items that are required to be in place for the feature to be considered done, called the <a href="/wiki/Acceptance_testing" title="Acceptance testing">acceptance criteria</a>. The details of how the feature is developed are worked out by developers and designers. At the end of the development sprint, the product owner is responsible for verifying that the acceptance criteria have been met; only then is the work on the feature officially done.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen2010b_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2010b-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Product_manager_career_progression">Product manager career progression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_manager&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Product manager career progression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Product managers often start their careers as engineers or specialists in other functions and eventually transition to product management. Product managers undergo a structured interview process, often a mix of case-based product strategy interviews, analytical interviews, and more traditional behavioral interviews. Increasingly, large technology companies are hiring and training young graduates directly through programs like the Google Associate Product Manager program or the Facebook Rotational Product Manager program. </p><p>Individual contributor product managers have no direct reports: they "lead through influence" in a cross-functional product team.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As individuals grow in seniority, they eventually take on managing other PMs, under titles like Group Product Manager, Product Lead or Product Director. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Product_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Product Officer">Chief Product Officer</a> (sometimes known as Head of Product or VP Product) is responsible for all product-related matters, including strategy, alignment, hiring, and management. </p><p>To reach a new level in professional development, product managers should improve data-driven skills: product analytics, unit economics, decision-making based on metrics, the ability to work with other departments, and financial skills.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the broad responsibilities, product management is often seen as a training ground for C-level leadership roles in technology companies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_individuals">Notable individuals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_manager&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable individuals who have held the role of product manager include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Mayer" title="Marissa Mayer">Marissa Mayer</a> (former CEO of <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premal_Shah" title="Premal Shah">Premal Shah</a> (president of <a href="/wiki/Kiva_(organization)" title="Kiva (organization)">Kiva.org</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a> (founder of <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Systrom" title="Kevin Systrom">Kevin Systrom</a> (founder of <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Youtube" class="mw-redirect" title="Youtube">Youtube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Butterfield" title="Stewart Butterfield">Stewart Butterfield</a> (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a> (former CEO of <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a>)</li> <li>Ivan Zhao (founder of <a href="/wiki/Notion_(productivity_software)" title="Notion (productivity software)">Notion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Lirio_Marcelo" title="Sheila Lirio Marcelo">Sheila Lirio Marcelo</a> (founder of <a href="/wiki/Care.com" title="Care.com">Care.com</a>)</li></ul> <p>Product Management communities A way for career progression for product managers is to join communities. A lot of communities have started. Notable product management communities include ProductTank Lenny Rachiskvey and Friends Product School </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_manager&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Product_strategy" title="Product strategy">Product strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_management" title="Product management">Product management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_planning" title="Product planning">Product planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">Product marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_requirements_document" title="Product requirements document">Product requirements document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_director" title="Program director">Program director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_Product_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborative Product Development">Collaborative Product Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_requirements_document" class="mw-redirect" title="Marketing requirements document">Marketing requirements document</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_manager&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ctpmc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ctpmc_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBavaroMcDowell2021" class="citation book cs1">Bavaro, Jackie; <a href="/wiki/Gayle_Laakmann_McDowell" title="Gayle Laakmann McDowell">McDowell, Gayle Laakmann</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crackingthepmcareer.com/"><i>Cracking the PM career</i></a>. Palo Alto, CA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0984782895" title="Special:BookSources/978-0984782895"><bdi>978-0984782895</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1239322919">1239322919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cracking+the+PM+career&rft.place=Palo+Alto%2C+CA&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1239322919&rft.isbn=978-0984782895&rft.aulast=Bavaro&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft.au=McDowell%2C+Gayle+Laakmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crackingthepmcareer.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span> foreword by <a href="/wiki/Marissa_Mayer" title="Marissa Mayer">Marissa Mayer</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ctpmi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ctpmi_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowellBavaro2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gayle_Laakmann_McDowell" title="Gayle Laakmann McDowell">McDowell, Gayle Laakmann</a>; Bavaro, Jackie (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vFr9nQEACAAJ"><i>Cracking the PM interview: how to land a product manager job in technology</i></a>. Palo Alto, CA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9847828-1-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9847828-1-9"><bdi>978-0-9847828-1-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/866799668">866799668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cracking+the+PM+interview%3A+how+to+land+a+product+manager+job+in+technology&rft.place=Palo+Alto%2C+CA&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F866799668&rft.isbn=978-0-9847828-1-9&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=Gayle+Laakmann&rft.au=Bavaro%2C+Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvFr9nQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamptonSummerWebber1982" class="citation book cs1">Hampton, David R.; Summer, Charles E.; Webber, Ross A. (1982). <i>Organizational behavior and the practice of management</i> (4. ed.). Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-673-15580-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-673-15580-1"><bdi>978-0-673-15580-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organizational+behavior+and+the+practice+of+management&rft.place=Glenview%2C+Ill&rft.edition=4.&rft.pub=Scott%2C+Foresman+and+Co&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-673-15580-1&rft.aulast=Hampton&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.au=Summer%2C+Charles+E.&rft.au=Webber%2C+Ross+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/030315/what-financial-services-sector.asp">"Importance and Components of the Financial Services Sector"</a>. <i>Investopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investopedia&rft.atitle=Importance+and+Components+of+the+Financial+Services+Sector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fask%2Fanswers%2F030315%2Fwhat-financial-services-sector.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geracie2010a-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Geracie2010a_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Geracie2010" class="citation book cs1">Greg Geracie (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6SgULkK_S6UC"><i>Take Charge Product Management</i></a>. Greg Geracie. pp. 16–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-37927-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-37927-2"><bdi>978-0-615-37927-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Take+Charge+Product+Management&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Greg+Geracie&rft.date=2010-07&rft.isbn=978-0-615-37927-2&rft.au=Greg+Geracie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6SgULkK_S6UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZielińskiSzmuc,_Tomasz2005" class="citation book cs1">Zieliński, Krzysztof; Szmuc, Tomasz (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/softwareengineer00szmu"><i>Software Engineering: Evolution and Emerging Technologies</i></a></span> (2nd printing. ed.). Amsterdam: IOS Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/softwareengineer00szmu/page/n225">215</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58603-559-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-58603-559-2"><bdi>1-58603-559-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Software+Engineering%3A+Evolution+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=215&rft.edition=2nd+printing.&rft.pub=IOS+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-58603-559-2&rft.aulast=Zieli%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft.au=Szmuc%2C+Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoftwareengineer00szmu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen2010a-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen2010a_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Cohen2010" class="citation book cs1">Greg Cohen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IoX8lOdSWWQC"><i>Agile Excellence for Product Managers: A Guide to Creating Winning Products with Agile Development Teams</i></a>. Happy About. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60773-074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60773-074-3"><bdi>978-1-60773-074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agile+Excellence+for+Product+Managers%3A+A+Guide+to+Creating+Winning+Products+with+Agile+Development+Teams&rft.pub=Happy+About&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60773-074-3&rft.au=Greg+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIoX8lOdSWWQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-owner">"What is a Product Owner?"</a>. <i>Scrum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Happy About. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60773-074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60773-074-3"><bdi>978-1-60773-074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agile+Excellence+for+Product+Managers%3A+A+Guide+to+Creating+Winning+Products+with+Agile+Development+Teams&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Happy+About&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60773-074-3&rft.au=Greg+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIoX8lOdSWWQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://generalassemb.ly/business/product-management/influence-without-authority">"Influence Without Authority"</a>. <i>General Assembly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%9A+Pro&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%C2%AB%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB+50+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BD+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1.+%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpro.rbc.ru%2Fdemo%2F612c9d5b9a7947684ed20830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduct+manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaden2017" class="citation web cs1">Haden, Jeff (2017-04-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inc.com/jeff-haden/want-to-be-a-great-ceo-be-a-great-product-manager-first.html">"Want to Be a Great CEO? 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