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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gluten and Celiac Disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gluten_and_Celiac_Disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gluten</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="غلوتين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلوتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ql%C3%BCten" title="Qlüten – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qlüten" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="گلوتن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گلوتن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Глютэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глютэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Глютэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Глютэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्लूटेन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ग्लूटेन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Глутен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глутен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Нӳнеке – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нӳнеке" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepek" title="Lepek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lepek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteen" title="Gluteen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gluteen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Γλουτένη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλουτένη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteno" title="Gluteno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gluteno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="گلوتن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلوتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAtan" title="Glútan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Glútan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glute" title="Glute – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Glute" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%90" title="글루텐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="글루텐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Գլյուտեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլյուտեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteno" title="Gluteno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gluteno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAten" title="Glúten – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Glúten" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutine" title="Glutine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Glutine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9F" title="גלוטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלוטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten_(permixtio_proteinorum)" title="Gluten (permixtio proteinorum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gluten (permixtio proteinorum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipeklis" title="Lipeklis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lipeklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glitimas" title="Glitimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Glitimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glut%C3%A9n" title="Glutén – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Glutén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂလူးတန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂလူးတန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3" title="グルテン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルテン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glut%C3%A8n" title="Glutèn – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Glutèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAten" title="Glúten – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Glúten" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клейковина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клейковина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutine" title="Glutine – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Glutine" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepok" title="Lepok – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lepok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteeni" title="Gluteeni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gluteeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D)" title="பசையம் (குளுட்டன்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பசையம் (குளுட்டன்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99" title="กลูเตน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลูเตน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BCten" title="Glüten – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Glüten" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клейковина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клейковина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gluten" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluutn" title="Gluutn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gluutn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%B8%E8%B4%A8" title="麸质 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麸质" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%B8%E8%B4%A8" title="麸质 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麸质" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wheat_seed.jpg/500px-Wheat_seed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption>Wheat seed, sectioned to reveal endosperm and embryo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheat_field.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wheat_field.jpg/200px-Wheat_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Wheat_field.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a> — a prime source of gluten</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gluten</b> /<a href="/wiki/Template:Respell" title="Template:Respell">gloot-en</a>/ is a <a href="/wiki/Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite">composite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gliadin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gliadin (not yet started)">gliadin</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glutenin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glutenin (not yet started)">glutenin</a></i>. These proteins are found in the <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">endosperms</a> of some grass-like <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grains</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>. Gliadin and glutenin make up about 80% of the protein contained in wheat <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a>. As they are <a href="/wiki/Solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Solution">insoluble</a> in water, they can be got by washing away the <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> in the grain. Worldwide, gluten is an important source of food protein, both in foods prepared directly from grains with gluten in them, and as an <a href="/wiki/Additive" title="Additive">additive</a> to foods that are low in protein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gluten_and_Celiac_Disease">Gluten and Celiac Disease</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Gluten and Celiac Disease" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Gluten and Celiac Disease"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some people are very sensitive to glutens in their food. When they eat foods which contain gluten, these people may experience <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stomach_cramps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stomach cramps (not yet started)">stomach cramps</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloating (not yet started)">bloating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diarrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhoea">diarrhoea</a> and rashes. This sensitivity is called <a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">coeliac disease</a> (in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, it is usually spelled "celiac disease"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Further reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCurtisRajaramMacpherson" class="citation cs2">Curtis, B.C.; Rajaram, S.; Macpherson, H.G., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y4011E/y4011e05.htm"><i>Bread Wheat, Improvement and production — FAO Plant Production and Protection Series No. #30.</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bread+Wheat%2C+Improvement+and+production+%E2%80%94+FAO+Plant+Production+and+Protection+Series+No.+%2330.&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=B.C.&rft.au=Rajaram%2C+S.&rft.au=Macpherson%2C+H.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2FDOCREP%2F006%2FY4011E%2Fy4011e05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGluten" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFPfluger" class="citation cs2">Pfluger, Laura, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121180539/http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/protocols/gluten/index.htm"><i>Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat, </i>Quality traits. Gluten Strength<i>, Coordinated Agricultural Project (funded by USDACREES)</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/protocols/gluten/index.htm">the original</a> on 2013-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-29</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marker+Assisted+Selection+in+Wheat%2C+Quality+traits.+Gluten+Strength%2C+Coordinated+Agricultural+Project+%28funded+by+USDACREES%29&rft.aulast=Pfluger&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaswheat.ucdavis.edu%2Fprotocols%2Fgluten%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGluten" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121161328/http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=11017"><i>Agricultural Databases, Statistics, etc.</i></a>, USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=11017">the original</a> on 2013-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agricultural+Databases%2C+Statistics%2C+etc.&rft.pub=USDA+Cereal+Disease+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars.usda.gov%2FMain%2Fdocs.htm%3Fdocid%3D11017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGluten" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFWieser2007" class="citation cs2">Wieser, H. (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080616051402/http://fp.cerealsandeurope.net/events/sourdough/session1.htm"><i>Cereal Chemistry and Dough Properties, KL1-</i>Gluten Chemistry<i><span></span></i></a>, German Research Centre of Food Chemistry and Cereal Chemistry and Hans-Dieter-Belitz-Institute for Cereal Grain Research, D-85748 Garching, Germany, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fp.cerealsandeurope.net/events/sourdough/session1.htm">the original</a> on 2008-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cereal+Chemistry+and+Dough+Properties%2C+KL1-Gluten+Chemistry&rft.pub=German+Research+Centre+of+Food+Chemistry+and+Cereal+Chemistry+and+Hans-Dieter-Belitz-Institute+for+Cereal+Grain+Research%2C+D-85748+Garching%2C+Germany&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Wieser&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffp.cerealsandeurope.net%2Fevents%2Fsourdough%2Fsession1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGluten" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFWrigleyBekesBushuk2006" class="citation cs2">Wrigley, C.W; Bekes, F.; Bushuk, W. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305180842/http://aaccnet.org/grainbin/gluten_gliadin.asp"><i>The Gluten Composition of Wheat Varieties and Genotypes</i></a>, AACC International, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-891127-51-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-891127-51-9"><bdi>1-891127-51-9</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aaccnet.org/grainbin/gluten_gliadin.asp">the original</a> on 2012-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gluten+Composition+of+Wheat+Varieties+and+Genotypes&rft.pub=AACC+International&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-891127-51-9&rft.aulast=Wrigley&rft.aufirst=C.W&rft.au=Bekes%2C+F.&rft.au=Bushuk%2C+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faaccnet.org%2Fgrainbin%2Fgluten_gliadin.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGluten" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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id="Barley231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">Barley</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triticeae (not yet started)">Triticeae</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Barley.jpg/100px-Barley.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Barley.jpg/150px-Barley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Barley.jpg/200px-Barley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of barley</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Genus: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hordeum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hordeum (not yet started)">Hordeum</a></i></li> <li>Cultivars: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bere_(grain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bere (grain) (not yet started)">Bere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_Promise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden Promise (not yet started)">Golden Promise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_barley_diseases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of barley diseases (not yet started)">Barley diseases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grain_trade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grain trade (not yet started)">Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABB_Grain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABB Grain (not yet started)">Australian Barley Board</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Wheat_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian Wheat Board (not yet started)">Canadian Wheat Board</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corn exchange (not yet started)">Corn exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_barley_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by barley production (not yet started)">Production by country</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wheat_pools_in_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wheat pools in Canada (not yet started)">Wheat pools in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">Parts of the plant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">Bran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Kernel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gluten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cereal_germ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cereal germ (not yet started)">Germ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Husk (not yet started)">Husk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_preparation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Food preparation (not yet started)">Basic preparations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">Milling</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">Flour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Flour" title="Category:Flour">types</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groat_(grain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groat (grain) (not yet started)">Groats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middlings_purifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middlings purifier (not yet started)">Middlings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parboiling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parboiling (not yet started)">Parboiling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As an <a href="/wiki/Ingredient" title="Ingredient">ingredient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_barley-based_drinks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of barley-based drinks (not yet started)">List of barley-based drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barley_bread&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barley bread (not yet started)">Barley bread</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barley_honey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barley honey (not yet started)">Barley honey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barley_tea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barley tea (not yet started)">Barley tea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barley_water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barley water (not yet started)">Barley water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caff%C3%A8_d%27orzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caffè d'orzo (not yet started)">Caffè d'orzo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_whiskey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish whiskey (not yet started)">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese whisky (not yet started)">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1chica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máchica (not yet started)">Máchica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta_(soft_drink)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malta (soft drink) (not yet started)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talbina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talbina (not yet started)">Talbina</a></li> <li>see also: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Barley-based_drinks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Barley-based drinks (not yet started)">Category:Barley-based drinks</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated human diseases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-related_disorders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gluten-related disorders (not yet started)">Gluten-related disorders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" 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