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id="toc-Colonial_period,_founding,_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 After the Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 World War II and Cold War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Campus </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campus subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Athletic_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletic_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Athletic facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletic_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Point_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Point_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 West Point Museum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Point_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academy_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Academy leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admission_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admission_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Admission requirements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admission_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_centers_and_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_centers_and_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Research centers and institutes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_centers_and_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curriculum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curriculum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Curriculum </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Curriculum-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Curriculum subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Curriculum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Academics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Physical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moral_and_ethical_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moral_and_ethical_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Moral and ethical training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moral_and_ethical_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cadet_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cadet_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Cadet life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cadet_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cadet life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cadet_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_and_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_and_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Rank and organization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_and_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_in_the_corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_in_the_corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Life in the corps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_in_the_corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Athletics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Athletics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Traditions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Traditions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cullum_number" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cullum_number"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Cullum number </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cullum_number-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Class_ring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_ring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Class ring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_ring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thayer_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thayer_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Thayer Award </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thayer_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sedgwick's_spurs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sedgwick's_spurs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Sedgwick's spurs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sedgwick's_spurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goat-Engineer_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goat-Engineer_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Goat-Engineer game </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goat-Engineer_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walking_the_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walking_the_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Walking the area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Walking_the_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sandhurst_Military_Skills_Competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sandhurst_Military_Skills_Competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Sandhurst Military Skills Competition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sandhurst_Military_Skills_Competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_of_dependents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_of_dependents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education of dependents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_of_dependents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparatory_school" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparatory_school"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Preparatory school </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparatory_school-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notable alumni </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_alumni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable alumni subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Military leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Business leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Point_Garrison_and_Stewart_Army_Subpost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Point_Garrison_and_Stewart_Army_Subpost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 West Point Garrison and Stewart Army Subpost </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Point_Garrison_and_Stewart_Army_Subpost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">United States Military Academy</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" > 54 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأكاديمية العسكرية الأمريكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأكاديمية العسكرية الأمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Militar_de_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Academia Militar de los Estaos Xuníos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Academia Militar de los Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Ваенная акадэмія ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ваенная акадэмія ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Военна академия на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Военна академия на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Militar_dels_Estats_Units" title="Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojensk%C3%A1_akademie_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Vojenská akademie Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vojenská akademie Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point" title="West Point – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="West Point" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_S%C3%B5jav%C3%A4eakadeemia" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Sõjaväeakadeemia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Sõjaväeakadeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Στρατιωτική Ακαδημία των ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στρατιωτική Ακαδημία των ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Militar_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Militar de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia Militar de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point" title="West Point – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="West Point" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatu_Batuetako_Akademia_Militarra" title="Estatu Batuetako Akademia Militarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatu Batuetako Akademia Militarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="آکادمی نظامی ایالات متحده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آکادمی نظامی ایالات متحده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_militaire_de_West_Point" title="Académie militaire de West Point – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Académie militaire de West Point" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanske_Milit%C3%AAre_Akademy" title="Amerikaanske Militêre Akademy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amerikaanske Militêre Akademy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9C%A1%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC%EA%B4%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="미국 육군사관학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 육군사관학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="ԱՄՆ ռազմական ակադեմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ ռազմական ակադեմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_akademija_West_Point" title="Vojna akademija West Point – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vojna akademija West Point" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademi_Militer_Amerika_Serikat" title="Akademi Militer Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akademi Militer Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האקדמיה הצבאית של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האקדמיה הצבאית של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების სამხედრო აკადემია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების სამხედრო აკადემია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Militaris_Civitatum_Foederatarum" title="Academia Militaris Civitatum Foederatarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Academia Militaris Civitatum Foederatarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikas_Savienoto_Valstu_Milit%C4%81r%C4%81_akad%C4%93mija" title="Amerikas Savienoto Valstu Militārā akadēmija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amerikas Savienoto Valstu Militārā akadēmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest_Pointas" title="Vest Pointas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vest Pointas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point_(katonai_akad%C3%A9mia)" title="West Point (katonai akadémia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="West Point (katonai akadémia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الاكاديميه العسكريه الامريكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاكاديميه العسكريه الامريكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="АНУ-ын цэргийн академи – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="АНУ-ын цэргийн академи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု စစ်တက္ကသိုလ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု စစ်တက္ကသိုလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E5%A3%AB%E5%AE%98%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD)" title="陸軍士官学校 (アメリカ合衆国) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="陸軍士官学校 (アメリカ合衆国)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point" title="West Point – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="West Point" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Militar_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Militar dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Academia Militar dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Militar%C4%83_West_Point" title="Academia Militară West Point – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Academia Militară West Point" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Военная академия США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Военная академия США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademia_Ushtarake_e_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Akademia Ushtarake e Shteteve të Bashkuara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Akademia Ushtarake e Shteteve të Bashkuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voja%C5%A1ka_akademija_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Vojaška akademija Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojaška akademija Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_akademija_West_Point" title="Vojna akademija West Point – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vojna akademija West Point" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point" title="West Point – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="West Point" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Kara_Harp_Okulu" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Kara Harp Okulu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Kara Harp Okulu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Військова академія США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Військова академія США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="یونائیٹڈ اسٹیٹس ملٹری اکیڈمی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونائیٹڈ اسٹیٹس ملٹری اکیڈمی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_vi%E1%BB%87n_Qu%C3%A2n_s%E1%BB%B1_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Học viện Quân sự Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Học viện Quân sự Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%BB%9E%E8%BB%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="西點軍校 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西點軍校" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="United States Military Academy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%82%B9%E5%86%9B%E6%A0%A1" title="西点军校 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西点军校" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%BB%9E%E8%BB%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="西點軍校 – Cantonese" lang="yue" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"West Point" redirects here. For the CDP where the academy is located, see <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point, New York</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/West_Point_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="West Point (disambiguation)">West Point (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">United States Military Academy</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Military_Academy_Coat_of_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/U.S._Military_Academy_Coat_of_Arms.svg/200px-U.S._Military_Academy_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/U.S._Military_Academy_Coat_of_Arms.svg/300px-U.S._Military_Academy_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/U.S._Military_Academy_Coat_of_Arms.svg/400px-U.S._Military_Academy_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="191" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Duty • Honor • Country<a href="#cite_note-motto-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">U.S. Service Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">16 March 1802; 222 years ago (1802-03-16)<a href="#cite_note-founding-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$422 million (2022)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(education)" title="Superintendent (education)">Superintendent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Gilland" title="Steven W. Gilland">Steven W. Gilland</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">Dean</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a> <a href="/wiki/Shane_R._Reeves" title="Shane R. Reeves">Shane R. Reeves</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_commandants_of_cadets_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="List of commandants of cadets of the United States Military Academy">Commandant of Cadets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R.J._Garcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R.J. Garcia (page does not exist)">R.J. Garcia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">580</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">4,294 cadets<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point, New York</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Rural – 16,080 acres (6,507.3 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Fight song</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/On,_Brave_Old_Army_Team" title="On, Brave Old Army Team">On, Brave Old Army Team</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Black, gold, and gray<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights" title="Army Black Knights">Black Knights</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patriot_League" title="Patriot League">PL</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Hockey_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Hockey Association">AHA</a> <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Sprint_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Sprint Football League">CSFL</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Intercollegiate_Gymnastics_League" title="Eastern Intercollegiate Gymnastics League">EIGL</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Intercollegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association">EIWA</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Cheerleaders_Association" title="National Cheerleaders Association">NCA</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Athletic_Conference" title="American Athletic Conference">AAC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Mule</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westpoint.edu">westpoint.edu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Military_Academy_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/United_States_Military_Academy_wordmark.svg/200px-United_States_Military_Academy_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/United_States_Military_Academy_wordmark.svg/300px-United_States_Military_Academy_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/United_States_Military_Academy_wordmark.svg/400px-United_States_Military_Academy_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="60" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">United States Military Academy</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #FFC94B"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="New York State Register of Historic Places">New York State Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style 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href="/wiki/File:USA_New_York_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Military Academy is located in New York"><img alt="United States Military Academy is located in New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/235px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/353px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/470px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1276" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.14%;left:72.795%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="United States Military Academy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of New York</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Military Academy is located in the United States"><img alt="United States Military Academy is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/235px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/353px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/470px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.222%;left:85.446%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="United States Military Academy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_Military_Academy&params=41.393_N_73.958_W_region:US_type:edu">41°23′35″N 73°57′29″W / 41.393°N 73.958°W / 41.393; -73.958</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/66000562">66000562</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NYSRHP <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">07103.000261</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">15 October 1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">19 December 1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NYSRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">23 June 1980</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> The United States Military Academy (USMA, West Point, or Army<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">United States service academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point, New York</a>. It was originally established as a fort during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, as it sits on strategic high ground overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> 50 miles (80 km) north of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. The academy was founded in 1802, and it is the oldest of the five American service academies and educates cadets for <a href="/wiki/Commission_(document)#United_States" title="Commission (document)">commissioning</a> into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. The academic program grants the <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree with a curriculum that grades cadets' performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Candidates for admission must apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a member of Congress. Other nomination sources include the president and vice president.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as "cadets" or collectively as the "United States Corps of Cadets" (USCC). The Army fully funds tuition for cadets in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. About 1,300 cadets enter the academy each July, with about 1,000 cadets graduating. The academy's traditions have influenced other institutions because of its age and unique mission. It was the first American college to have an accredited <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a> program and the first to have <a href="/wiki/Class_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Class rings">class rings</a>, and its technical curriculum became a model for <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> schools. West Point's student body has a unique rank structure and lexicon. The academy fields 15 men's and nine women's <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (NCAA) sports teams. Cadets compete in one sport every fall, winter, and spring season at the intramural, club, or intercollegiate level. Its <a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_football" title="Army Black Knights football">football team</a> was a national power in the early and mid-20th century, winning three national championships. Among the country's public institutions, the academy is the top producer of <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes</a> scholars.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Its alumni are collectively referred to as "The Long Gray Line," which include U.S. Presidents <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>; <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>; Confederate general <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>; American poet <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>; U.S. generals <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George Patton</a>; presidents of <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>; and 76 <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipients. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="History of the United States Military Academy">History of the United States Military Academy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For USMA archives, see <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration#Affiliated_facilities" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration § Affiliated facilities</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_des_forts,_batteries_et_poste_de_West-Point,_1780_(2674338525)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Plan_des_forts%2C_batteries_et_poste_de_West-Point%2C_1780_%282674338525%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Plan_des_forts%2C_batteries_et_poste_de_West-Point%2C_1780_%282674338525%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Plan_des_forts%2C_batteries_et_poste_de_West-Point%2C_1780_%282674338525%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Plan_des_forts%2C_batteries_et_poste_de_West-Point%2C_1780_%282674338525%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Plan_des_forts%2C_batteries_et_poste_de_West-Point%2C_1780_%282674338525%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Plan_des_forts%2C_batteries_et_poste_de_West-Point%2C_1780_%282674338525%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="1430" /></a><figcaption>French map of West Point in 1780</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_American_Soldier_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/The_American_Soldier_1805.jpg/220px-The_American_Soldier_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/The_American_Soldier_1805.jpg/330px-The_American_Soldier_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/The_American_Soldier_1805.jpg/440px-The_American_Soldier_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Artillery cadet in 1805, wearing a mixture of commissioned and non-commissioned uniforms prescribed for artillery cadets</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point,_from_Phillipstown,_1831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/West_Point%2C_from_Phillipstown%2C_1831.jpg/220px-West_Point%2C_from_Phillipstown%2C_1831.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/West_Point%2C_from_Phillipstown%2C_1831.jpg/330px-West_Point%2C_from_Phillipstown%2C_1831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/West_Point%2C_from_Phillipstown%2C_1831.jpg/440px-West_Point%2C_from_Phillipstown%2C_1831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6592" data-file-height="4618" /></a><figcaption>West Point, from Phillipstown (1831) engraving by W. J. Bennett showing the original buildings of the United States Military Academy</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period,_founding,_and_early_years">Colonial period, founding, and early years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial period, founding, and early years">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> first occupied West Point, New York, on 27 January 1778,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and it is the oldest continuously operating Army post in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Between 1778 and 1780, the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish</a> engineer and military hero <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a> oversaw the construction of the garrison defenses.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> However, Kościuszko's plan of a system of small forts did not meet with the approval of New York Governor (and General) <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> or the other general officers. It was determined that a battery along the river to "annoy the shipping" was more appropriate, and Washington's chief engineer, <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Putnam" title="Rufus Putnam">Rufus Putnam</a>, directed the construction of a major fortification on a hill 500 feet (150 m) above sea level that commanded the West Point plain. General Alexander McDougall named it <a href="/wiki/Fort_Putnam" title="Fort Putnam">Fort Putnam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The Great <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson River Chain">Hudson River Chain</a> and high ground above the narrow "S" curve in the river enabled the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> to prevent the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> from sailing upriver and dividing Patriot forces in the Northern colonies from the south.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> While the fortifications at West Point were known as Fort Arnold during the war, as commander, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a> committed his act of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>, attempting to turn the fort over to the British.<a href="#cite_note-treason-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-SpyLetters-18">[18]</a> After Arnold betrayed the patriot cause, the Army changed the name of the fortifications at West Point, New York, to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Clinton_(West_Point)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Clinton (West Point)">Fort Clinton</a>, named after General <a href="/wiki/James_Clinton" title="James Clinton">James Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-treason-17">[17]</a> With the peace after the American Revolutionary War, various ordnance and military stores were left deposited at West Point.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> "Cadets" underwent training in artillery and engineering studies at the garrison since 1794.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears-20">[20]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> laid out plans for the establishment of a military academy at West Point and introduced "A Bill for Establishing a Military Academy" in the House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 1801, shortly after his inauguration as president, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> directed that plans be set in motion to establish at West Point the United States Military Academy.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> He selected <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Williams_(engineer)" title="Jonathan Williams (engineer)">Jonathan Williams</a> to serve as its first superintendent.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Congress formally authorized the establishment and funding of the school with the <a href="/wiki/Military_Peace_Establishment_Act" title="Military Peace Establishment Act">Military Peace Establishment Act of 1802</a>, which Jefferson signed on 16 March.<a href="#cite_note-founding-2">[2]</a> The academy officially commenced operations on 4 July 1802.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The academy graduated <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gardner_Swift" title="Joseph Gardner Swift">Joseph Gardner Swift</a>, its first official graduate, in October 1802. He later returned as Superintendent from 1812 to 1814.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears-20">[20]</a> In its tumultuous early years, the academy featured few standards for admission or length of study. Cadets ranged in age from 10 years to 37 years and attended between 6 months to 6 years.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears-20">[20]</a> The impending <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> caused the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> to authorize a more formal system of education at the academy and increased the size of the Corps of Cadets to 250.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thayer_Statue_at_West_Point.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thayer_Statue_at_West_Point.JPG/170px-Thayer_Statue_at_West_Point.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thayer_Statue_at_West_Point.JPG/255px-Thayer_Statue_at_West_Point.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thayer_Statue_at_West_Point.JPG/340px-Thayer_Statue_at_West_Point.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Thayer monument</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg/220px-Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg/330px-Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg/440px-Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2807" data-file-height="4154" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> general who graduated from West Point and later served as its superintendent from 1852 to 1855</figcaption></figure> In 1817, <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer" title="Sylvanus Thayer">Sylvanus Thayer</a> became the Superintendent and established the curriculum, elements of which are still in use as of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit">[update]</a>. Thayer instilled strict disciplinary standards, set a standard course of academic study, and emphasized honorable conduct. He was very much inspired by the curriculum of the French <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique">École Polytechnique</a> where he had been sent upon his demand for two years in order to study the scientific and technological achievements developed by the French Republican faction and bring them back to the United States. Known as the "Father of the Military Academy," he is honored with a monument on campus for the profound impact he had upon the academy.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Founded as a school of engineering, for the first half of the 19th century, USMA produced graduates who gained recognition for engineering the bulk of the nation's initial railway lines, bridges, harbors and roads.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-McMp6-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-otherp13-29">[29]</a> The academy was the only engineering school in the country until the founding of <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a> in 1824. It was so successful in its engineering curriculum that it significantly influenced every American engineering school founded prior to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Civil War">Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McMp6-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-otherp13-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 1835, during the Army's first year of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Seminole_War" title="Second Seminole War">Second Seminole War</a>, they had only three generals: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_P._Gaines" title="Edmund P. Gaines">Edmund P. Gaines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Jesup" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas S. Jesup">Thomas S. Jesup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The Army's remaining fourteen generals "held their rank by <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> only,"<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and none of them were West Point graduates. Nearly the only way to obtain a commission up to 1835, was through the academy, "which created loud complaint", and added to the "Jacksonian Democracy...a deep desire to get rid of the Academy, where, Jacksonians were sure, an aristocratic tradition was being bred."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> brought the academy to prominence as graduates proved themselves in battle for the first time. Future <a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Civil War">Civil War</a> commanders <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>, who also later became the superintendent of the academy, first distinguished themselves in battle in Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-grantlee-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In all, 452 of 523 graduates who served in the war received battlefield promotions or awards for bravery.<a href="#cite_note-grantlee-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The school experienced a rapid modernization during the 1850s, often romanticized by the graduates who led both sides of the Civil War as the "end of the Old West Point era."<a href="#cite_note-Mexican_War-37">[37]</a> New barracks brought better heat and <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas lighting</a>, while new ordnance and tactics training incorporated new rifle and <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">musket</a> technology and accommodated transportation advances created by the steam engine.<a href="#cite_note-Mexican_War-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> With the outbreak of the Civil War, West Point graduates filled the <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">general officer</a> ranks of the rapidly expanding <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> armies.<a href="#cite_note-civilwarbosses-39">[39]</a> 294 graduates served as general officers for the Union, and 151 served as general officers for the Confederacy.<a href="#cite_note-Mexican_War-37">[37]</a> Of all living graduates at the time of the war, 105 (10%) were killed, and another 151 (15%) were wounded.<a href="#cite_note-Mexican_War-37">[37]</a> Nearly every general officer of note from either army during the Civil War was a graduate of West Point, and a West Point graduate commanded the forces of one or both sides in every one of the 60 major battles of the war.<a href="#cite_note-Mexican_War-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-civilwarbosses-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C._Benck,_West_Point_Cadet_(4209398848).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/C._Benck%2C_West_Point_Cadet_%284209398848%29.jpg/170px-C._Benck%2C_West_Point_Cadet_%284209398848%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/C._Benck%2C_West_Point_Cadet_%284209398848%29.jpg/255px-C._Benck%2C_West_Point_Cadet_%284209398848%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/C._Benck%2C_West_Point_Cadet_%284209398848%29.jpg/340px-C._Benck%2C_West_Point_Cadet_%284209398848%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2395" /></a><figcaption>West Point Cadet C. Benek by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_Civil_War">After the Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After the Civil War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_O._Flipper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Henry_O._Flipper.jpg/170px-Henry_O._Flipper.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Henry_O._Flipper.jpg/255px-Henry_O._Flipper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Henry_O._Flipper.jpg/340px-Henry_O._Flipper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ossian_Flipper" title="Henry Ossian Flipper">Henry Ossian Flipper</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haldane_a_West_Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Haldane_a_West_Point.jpg/220px-Haldane_a_West_Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Haldane_a_West_Point.jpg/330px-Haldane_a_West_Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Haldane_a_West_Point.jpg/440px-Haldane_a_West_Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Haldane at <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point">West Point</a> sometime before the Great War.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Townsley_4057755543_a9532be531_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Townsley_4057755543_a9532be531_o.jpg/300px-Townsley_4057755543_a9532be531_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Townsley_4057755543_a9532be531_o.jpg/450px-Townsley_4057755543_a9532be531_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Townsley_4057755543_a9532be531_o.jpg/600px-Townsley_4057755543_a9532be531_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Haldane">Richard Haldane</a> leaving reviewing grounds with Clarence Page Townsley: Capt E.R Householder; Capt E.R. Gregory</figcaption></figure> Immediately following the Civil War, the academy enjoyed unprecedented fame as a result of the role its graduates had played.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> However, the post-war years were a difficult time for the academy as it struggled to admit and reintegrate cadets from former confederate states.<a href="#cite_note-postcw-42">[42]</a> The first cadets from Southern states were re-admitted in 1868, and 1870 saw the admission of the first black cadet, <a href="/wiki/James_Webster_Smith" title="James Webster Smith">James Webster Smith</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-postcw-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Smith endured harsh treatment and was eventually dismissed for academic deficiency under controversial circumstances in 1874.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> As a result, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ossian_Flipper" title="Henry Ossian Flipper">Henry O. Flipper</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> became the first black graduate in 1877, graduating 50th in a class of 76.<a href="#cite_note-postcw-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Two of the most notable graduates during this period were <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Goethals" title="George Washington Goethals">George Washington Goethals</a> from the class of 1880, and <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a> from the class of 1886.<a href="#cite_note-postcw-42">[42]</a> Goethals gained prominence as the chief engineer of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and Pershing would become famous for his exploits against the famed <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa" title="Pancho Villa">Pancho Villa</a> in Mexico and later for leading American Forces during World War I.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Military_Academy_uniform_in_1882_art,_from-_Uniform_of_the_army_of_the_United_States,_1882_(page_13_crop)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/United_States_Military_Academy_uniform_in_1882_art%2C_from-_Uniform_of_the_army_of_the_United_States%2C_1882_%28page_13_crop%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-United_States_Military_Academy_uniform_in_1882_art%2C_from-_Uniform_of_the_army_of_the_United_States%2C_1882_%28page_13_crop%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="492" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/United_States_Military_Academy_uniform_in_1882_art%2C_from-_Uniform_of_the_army_of_the_United_States%2C_1882_%28page_13_crop%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-United_States_Military_Academy_uniform_in_1882_art%2C_from-_Uniform_of_the_army_of_the_United_States%2C_1882_%28page_13_crop%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/United_States_Military_Academy_uniform_in_1882_art%2C_from-_Uniform_of_the_army_of_the_United_States%2C_1882_%28page_13_crop%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-United_States_Military_Academy_uniform_in_1882_art%2C_from-_Uniform_of_the_army_of_the_United_States%2C_1882_%28page_13_crop%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="1516" /></a><figcaption>United States Military Academy uniform in 1882</figcaption></figure> Besides the integration of southern-state and black cadets, the post-war academy also struggled with the issue of <a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">hazing</a>. In its first 65 years, hazing was uncommon or non-existent beyond small pranks played upon the incoming freshmen, but took a harsher tone as Civil War veterans began to fill the incoming freshman classes. The upper class cadets saw it as their duty to "teach the plebes their manners."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Hazing at the academy entered the national spotlight with the death of former cadet <a href="/wiki/List_of_hazing_deaths_in_the_United_States#1900s" title="List of hazing deaths in the United States">Oscar L. Booz</a> on 3 December 1900. Congressional hearings, which included testimony by cadet <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, investigated his death and the pattern of freshmen's systemic hazing.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> When MacArthur returned as superintendent, he made an effort to end the practice of hazing the incoming freshmen by placing Army sergeants in charge of training new cadets during freshman summer.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The practice of hazing continued on some levels well into the late 20th century, but is no longer allowed in the present day.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_USMA_Corps_in_mid_1800s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_USMA_Corps_in_mid_1800s.jpg/220px-The_USMA_Corps_in_mid_1800s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_USMA_Corps_in_mid_1800s.jpg/330px-The_USMA_Corps_in_mid_1800s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_USMA_Corps_in_mid_1800s.jpg/440px-The_USMA_Corps_in_mid_1800s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Corps of Cadets <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1870</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-08174,_USA,_Unterricht_in_der_Offiziersschule_West-Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-08174%2C_USA%2C_Unterricht_in_der_Offiziersschule_West-Point.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-08174%2C_USA%2C_Unterricht_in_der_Offiziersschule_West-Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-08174%2C_USA%2C_Unterricht_in_der_Offiziersschule_West-Point.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-08174%2C_USA%2C_Unterricht_in_der_Offiziersschule_West-Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-08174%2C_USA%2C_Unterricht_in_der_Offiziersschule_West-Point.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-08174%2C_USA%2C_Unterricht_in_der_Offiziersschule_West-Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Class at West Point, 1929</figcaption></figure> The demand for junior officers during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> caused the class of 1899 to graduate early, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a> did the same for the class of 1901. This increased demand for officers led Congress to increase the Corps of Cadets' size to 481 cadets in 1900.<a href="#cite_note-ww1-52">[52]</a> The period between 1900 and 1915 saw a construction boom as much of West Point's old infrastructure was rebuilt.<a href="#cite_note-ww1-52">[52]</a> Many of the academy's most famous graduates graduated during the 15-year period between 1900 and 1915: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> (1903), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stilwell" title="Joseph Stilwell">Joseph Stilwell</a> (1904), <a href="/wiki/Henry_%22Hap%22_Arnold" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry "Hap" Arnold">Henry "Hap" Arnold</a> (1907), <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a> (1909), <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a> (both 1915). The class of 1915 is known as "<a href="/wiki/The_class_the_stars_fell_on" title="The class the stars fell on">the class the stars fell on</a>" for the exceptionally high percentage of general officers that rose from that class (59 of 164).<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The outbreak of America's involvement in World War I caused a sharp increase in the demand for army officers, and the academy accelerated graduation of all four classes then in attendance to meet this requirement, beginning with the early graduation of the First Class on 20 April 1917, the Second Class in August 1917, and both the Third and Fourth Classes just before the Armistice of 11 November 1918, when only freshman cadets remained (those who had entered in the summer of 1918).<a href="#cite_note-ww1-52">[52]</a> In all, wartime contingencies and post-war adjustments resulted in ten classes, varying in length of study from two to four years, within a seven-year period before the regular course of study was fully resumed.<a href="#cite_note-cullumIX-55">[55]</a> Douglas MacArthur became superintendent in 1919, instituting sweeping reforms to the academic process, including introducing a greater emphasis on history and <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> He made major changes to the field training regimen and the Cadet Honor Committee was formed under his watch in 1922.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> MacArthur was a firm supporter of athletics at the academy, as he famously said "Upon the fields of friendly strife are sown the seeds that, upon other fields, on other days, will bear the fruits of victory."<a href="#cite_note-Ambrose_1966,_p._275-59">[59]</a> West Point was first officially accredited in 1925, and in 1933 began granting Bachelor of Science degrees to all graduates.<a href="#cite_note-prewwII-60">[60]</a> In 1935, the academy's authorized strength increased to 1,960 cadets.<a href="#cite_note-prewwII-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_Cold_War">World War II and Cold War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II and Cold War">edit</a>]</div> As <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> engulfed Europe, Congress authorized an increase to 2,496 cadets in 1942 and began graduating classes early. The class of 1943 graduated six months early in January 1943, and the next four classes graduated after only three years.<a href="#cite_note-wwII-61">[61]</a> To accommodate this accelerated schedule, summer training was formally moved to a recently acquired piece of land southwest of main post. The site would later become Camp Buckner.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The academy had its last serious brush with abolition or major reform during the war, when some members of Congress charged that even the accelerated curriculum allowed young men to "hide out" at West Point and avoid combat duty. A proposal was put forth to convert the academy to an officer's training school with a six-month schedule, but this was not adopted. West Point played a prominent role in WWII; four of the five <a href="/wiki/Five-star_rank" title="Five-star rank">five-star generals</a> were alumni and nearly 500 graduates died.<a href="#cite_note-wwII-61">[61]</a> Immediately following the war in 1945, <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwell Taylor">Maxwell Taylor</a> (class of 1922) became superintendent. He expanded and modernized the academic program and abolished antiquated courses in fencing and horsemanship.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Unlike previous conflicts, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> did not disrupt class graduation schedules. More than half of the Army leadership during the war was composed of West Point graduates. The Class of 1950, which graduated only two weeks prior to the war's outbreak, suffered some of the heaviest casualties of any 20th century class and became known sourly as "the class the crosses fell on." A total of 157 alumni perished in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-coldwar-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Garrison_H._Davidson" title="Garrison H. Davidson">Garrison H. Davidson</a> became superintendent in 1956 and instituted several reforms that included refining the admissions process, changing the core curriculum to include electives, and increasing the academic degree standards for academy instructors.<a href="#cite_note-coldwar-64">[64]</a> The 1960s saw the size of the Corps expand to 4,400 cadets while the barracks and academic support structure grew proportionally.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> West Point was not immune to the social upheaval of American society during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The first woman joined the faculty of the all-male institution amidst controversy in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> West Point granted its first <a href="/wiki/Honorable_discharge" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorable discharge">honorable discharge</a> in 1971 to an African-American West Point cadet, Cornelius M. Cooper, of California, who applied for <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a> status in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The academy struggled to fill its incoming classes as its graduates led troops in Southeast Asia, where 333 graduates died.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-changeform-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cadets_at_West_Point,_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cadets_at_West_Point%2C_1976.jpg/220px-Cadets_at_West_Point%2C_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cadets_at_West_Point%2C_1976.jpg/330px-Cadets_at_West_Point%2C_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cadets_at_West_Point%2C_1976.jpg/440px-Cadets_at_West_Point%2C_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Class of 1980 Cadets Carol A. Young, Gregory Stephens, and Kathryn A. Wildey at West Point, December 1976</figcaption></figure> Following the 1973 end of American involvement in Vietnam, the strain and stigma of earlier social unrest dissolved, and West Point enjoyed surging enrollments.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On 20 May 1975, an amendment to the Defense Authorization Bill of 1976 opening the service academies to women was approved by the House of Representatives, 303–96. The Senate followed suit on 6 June. President Ford signed the bill on 7 October 1975.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> West Point admitted its first 119 female cadets in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-1stwomen-77">[77]</a> Also in 1976, physics professor <a href="/wiki/James_H._Stith" title="James H. Stith">James H. Stith</a> became the first tenured African American Professor.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 1979, Cadet, later General, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_K._Brooks" title="Vincent K. Brooks">Vincent K. Brooks</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> to lead the Corps of Cadets.<a href="#cite_note-Esch-79">[79]</a> Kristin Baker, ten years later, became the first female First Captain (a depiction of her is now on display in the Museum), the highest ranking senior cadet at the academy in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Six other women have been appointed as First Captain: Grace H. Chung in 2003, Stephanie Hightower in 2005, Lindsey Danilack in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Simone_Askew" title="Simone Askew">Simone Askew</a> in 2017, Reilly McGinnis in 2020, and Lauren Drysdale in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Simone_Askew" title="Simone Askew">Simone Askew</a> was the first African American woman to lead the Corps.<a href="#cite_note-Esch-79">[79]</a> In the 21st century, women comprise approximately 20% of entering new cadets.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Class_of_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Class_of_1980.jpg/220px-Class_of_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Class_of_1980.jpg/330px-Class_of_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Class_of_1980.jpg/440px-Class_of_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>First female graduates in 1980</figcaption></figure> In 1985, cadets were formally authorized to declare an academic major; all previous graduates had been awarded a general bachelor of science degree. Five years later there was a major revision of the Fourth Class System, as the Cadet Leader Development System (CLDS) became the guidance for the development of all four classes.<a href="#cite_note-changeform-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The class of 1990 was the first one to be issued a standard and mandatory computer to every member of the class at the beginning of Plebe year, the <a href="/wiki/Zenith_248_SX" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenith 248 SX">Zenith 248 SX</a>. The academy was also an early adopter of the Internet in the mid-1990s, and was recognized in 2006 as one of the nation's "most wired" campuses.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, alumnus General <a href="/wiki/Norman_Schwarzkopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Schwarzkopf">Schwarzkopf</a> was the commander of Allied Forces, and the American senior generals in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, Generals <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">Petraeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Odierno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_J._Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd J. Austin">Austin</a>, and Afghanistan, retired General <a href="/wiki/Stanley_McChrystal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley McChrystal">Stanley McChrystal</a> and General <a href="/wiki/David_M._Rodriguez" title="David M. Rodriguez">David Rodriguez</a>, are also alumni. Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, applications for admission to the academy increased dramatically, security on campus was increased, and the curriculum was revamped to include coursework on terrorism and military drills in civilian environments.<a href="#cite_note-Sept11-86">[86]</a> One graduate was killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks and ninety graduates have died during operations in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Iraq</a>, and the ongoing <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">Global War on Terror</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The Class of 2005 has been referred to as <a href="/wiki/Class_of_9/11" title="Class of 9/11">The Class of 9/11</a> as the attacks occurred during their first year at the academy, and they graduated 911 students. In 2008 gender-neutral lyrics were incorporated into West Point's "Alma Mater" and "The Corps" – replacing lines like "The men of the Corps" with "The ranks of the Corps."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In December 2009, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> delivered a major speech in Eisenhower Hall Theater outlining his policy for <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)#2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">deploying 30,000 additional troops</a> to <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a> as well as setting a timetable for withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> President Obama also provided the commencement address in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">Don't Ask, Don't Tell</a> policy <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010" title="Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010">was lifted</a> 20 September 2011, the academy began admitting and retaining openly gay cadets. By March 2012, cadets were forming a gay-straight alliance group called Spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> By March 2015, Spectrum had two faculty and 40 cadet members, a mixture of gay, straight, bi, and undecided. According to a Vanity Fair essay, the LGBT cadets were well accepted.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> After the ban on transgender service members was lifted in 2016, the Class of 2017 saw the first openly transgender graduate. However, she was denied a commission and was honorably discharged.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corps_of_Cadets_COVID.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Corps_of_Cadets_COVID.jpg/220px-Corps_of_Cadets_COVID.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Corps_of_Cadets_COVID.jpg/330px-Corps_of_Cadets_COVID.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Corps_of_Cadets_COVID.jpg/440px-Corps_of_Cadets_COVID.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5893" data-file-height="3929" /></a><figcaption>The Corps of Cadets assembled with facemasks for the 2020 Army-Navy game.</figcaption></figure> Brig. Gen. Diana Holland became West Point's first woman Commandant of Cadets in January 2016.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In 2020, the campus confronted its first major pandemic in a century, with the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> causing limitations on classes, and the relocation of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_Game" title="Army–Navy Game">Army-Navy football game</a> to ensure <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a>. For the first time in many years, the 121st iteration of the game was held at West Point rather than the traditional <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Financial_Field" title="Lincoln Financial Field">Lincoln Financial Field</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. Ultimately, West Point beat Navy 15–0.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Campus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_grounds_and_facilities" title="United States Military Academy grounds and facilities">United States Military Academy grounds and facilities</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg/220px-USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg/330px-USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg/440px-USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Looking north toward the central campus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point%27s_Trophy_Point_Amphitheater_(improved_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="View of an amphitheater in front of a river with rolling hills in the background, with West Point cadets in front of the stage and performance attendees in the foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/West_Point%27s_Trophy_Point_Amphitheater_%28improved_version%29.jpg/220px-West_Point%27s_Trophy_Point_Amphitheater_%28improved_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/West_Point%27s_Trophy_Point_Amphitheater_%28improved_version%29.jpg/330px-West_Point%27s_Trophy_Point_Amphitheater_%28improved_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/West_Point%27s_Trophy_Point_Amphitheater_%28improved_version%29.jpg/440px-West_Point%27s_Trophy_Point_Amphitheater_%28improved_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2554" data-file-height="1574" /></a><figcaption>The Trophy Point Amphitheater hosts cadet ceremonies as well as free summer concerts.</figcaption></figure> The academy is located approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City on the western bank of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point, New York</a>, is incorporated as a federal military reservation in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange County</a> and is adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Highland_Falls,_New_York" title="Highland Falls, New York">Highland Falls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Based on the significance both of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Revolutionary War</a> fort ruins and of the military academy itself, the majority of the academy area was declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In 1841, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> visited the academy and said "It could not stand on more appropriate ground, and any ground more beautiful can hardly be."<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> One of the most visited and scenic sites on post, <a href="/wiki/Trophy_Point" title="Trophy Point">Trophy Point</a>, overlooks the Hudson River to the north, and is home to many captured cannon from past wars as well as the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_White" title="Stanford White">Stanford White</a>-designed <a href="/wiki/Battle_Monument_(USMA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Monument (USMA)">Battle Monument</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Though the entire military reservation encompasses 15,974 acres (65 km2), the academic area of the campus, known as "central area" or "the cadet area", is entirely accessible to cadets or visitors by foot.<a href="#cite_note-size-103">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cadet_Chapel_USMA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cadet_Chapel_USMA.JPG/220px-Cadet_Chapel_USMA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cadet_Chapel_USMA.JPG/330px-Cadet_Chapel_USMA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cadet_Chapel_USMA.JPG/440px-Cadet_Chapel_USMA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Cadet_Chapel" title="West Point Cadet Chapel">Cadet Chapel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_of_six_wings_of_Washington_Hall,_the_Cadet_Mess_Hall_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point,_NY_during_lunch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/One_of_six_wings_of_Washington_Hall%2C_the_Cadet_Mess_Hall_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point%2C_NY_during_lunch.JPG/220px-One_of_six_wings_of_Washington_Hall%2C_the_Cadet_Mess_Hall_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point%2C_NY_during_lunch.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/One_of_six_wings_of_Washington_Hall%2C_the_Cadet_Mess_Hall_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point%2C_NY_during_lunch.JPG/330px-One_of_six_wings_of_Washington_Hall%2C_the_Cadet_Mess_Hall_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point%2C_NY_during_lunch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/One_of_six_wings_of_Washington_Hall%2C_the_Cadet_Mess_Hall_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point%2C_NY_during_lunch.JPG/440px-One_of_six_wings_of_Washington_Hall%2C_the_Cadet_Mess_Hall_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy_at_West_Point%2C_NY_during_lunch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>One of the six wings of Washington Hall during lunchtime</figcaption></figure> In 1902, the Boston architectural firm <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Goodhue" title="Bertram Goodhue">Cram, Goodhue, and Ferguson</a> was awarded a major construction contract that set the predominantly <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">neogothic</a> architectural style still seen today.<a href="#cite_note-cram-104">[104]</a> Most of the buildings of the central cadet area are in this style, as typified by the <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Cadet_Chapel" title="West Point Cadet Chapel">Cadet Chapel</a>, completed in 1910.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> These buildings are nearly all constructed from granite that has a predominantly gray and black hue. The barracks that were built in the 1960s were designed to mimic this style.<a href="#cite_note-cram-104">[104]</a> Other buildings on post, notably the oldest private residences for the faculty, are built in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tudor_style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor style architecture">English Tudor</a> styles.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> A few buildings, such as Cullum Hall and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Cadet_Chapel_(West_Point)" title="Old Cadet Chapel (West Point)">Old Cadet Chapel</a>, are built in the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> style.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nininger_Hall_in_winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nininger_Hall_in_winter.jpg/220px-Nininger_Hall_in_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nininger_Hall_in_winter.jpg/330px-Nininger_Hall_in_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nininger_Hall_in_winter.jpg/440px-Nininger_Hall_in_winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Nininger Hall, part of the original Cadet Barracks</figcaption></figure> The academy grounds are home to numerous monuments and statues. The central cadet parade ground, <a href="/wiki/The_Plain_(West_Point)" title="The Plain (West Point)">the Plain</a>, hosts the largest number, and includes the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">Washington Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thayer_Monument" title="Thayer Monument">Thayer Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Monument" title="Eisenhower Monument">Eisenhower Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Monument_(West_Point)" title="MacArthur Monument (West Point)">MacArthur Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko%27s_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Kosciuszko's Monument (West Point)">Kosciuszko Monument</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Sedgwick Monument (West Point)">Sedgwick Monument</a>. <a href="/wiki/Patton_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Patton Monument (West Point)">Patton Monument</a> was first dedicated in front of the cadet library in 1950,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> but in 2004 it was placed in storage to make room for the construction of Jefferson Hall. With the completion of Jefferson Hall, <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">Patton</a>'s statue was relocated and unveiled at a temporary location on 15 May 2009, where it will remain until the completion of the renovation of the old cadet library and Bartlett Hall.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> There is also a statue commemorating brotherhood and friendship from the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique">École Polytechnique</a> in the cadet central area just outside Nininger Hall. The remaining campus area is home to 27 other monuments and memorials.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point_Cemetery.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/West_Point_Cemetery.JPG/220px-West_Point_Cemetery.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/West_Point_Cemetery.JPG/330px-West_Point_Cemetery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/West_Point_Cemetery.JPG/440px-West_Point_Cemetery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Cemetery" title="West Point Cemetery">West Point Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Cemetery" title="West Point Cemetery">West Point Cemetery</a> is the final resting place of many notable graduates and faculty, including <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Blaik" title="Earl Blaik">Earl Blaik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Corbin" title="Margaret Corbin">Margaret Corbin</a>, and eighteen <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipients.<a href="#cite_note-cem-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The cemetery is also the burial place of several recent graduates who have died during the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">ongoing conflict</a> in Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Many of the older grave sites have large and ornate grave markers, the largest belonging to <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Viele" class="mw-redirect" title="Egbert Viele">Egbert Viele</a> (class of 1847), chief engineer of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cem-111">[111]</a> The cemetery is also home to a monument to <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Revolutionary War</a> heroine <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Corbin" title="Margaret Corbin">Margaret Corbin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletic_facilities">Athletic facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Athletic facilities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_grounds_and_facilities#Athletic_Facilities" title="United States Military Academy grounds and facilities">West Point athletic facilities</a></div> West Point is home to historic athletic facilities like <a href="/wiki/Michie_Stadium" title="Michie Stadium">Michie Stadium</a> and Gillis Field House as well as modern facilities such as the Lichtenberg Tennis Center, Anderson Rugby Complex, and the Lou Gross Gymnastics Facility.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Michie Stadium recently underwent a significant upgrade in facilities for the football team, and the academy installed a new artificial turf field in the summer of 2008.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Point_Museum">West Point Museum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: West Point Museum">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Army#Other_Army_museums" title="National Museum of the United States Army">National Museum of the United States Army § Other Army museums</a></div> The visitor center is just outside the Thayer Gate in the village of <a href="/wiki/Highland_Falls,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Falls, NY">Highland Falls</a> and offers the opportunity to arrange for a guided tour. These tours, which are the only way the general public can access the academy grounds, leave the visitor center several times a day. The old West Point Visitor Center was housed in the now-demolished Ladycliff College library building. On 9 September 2016, West Point broke ground in order to begin construction of the new 31,000 square foot Malek West Point Visitors Center. It is being built on the location of the former visitor center. The Malek West Point Visitors Center is named after Frederic Malek, USMA Class of 1959 and a 2014 Distinguished Graduate.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The West Point Museum is directly adjacent to the visitor center, in the renovated Olmsted Hall on the grounds of the former <a href="/wiki/Ladycliff_College" title="Ladycliff College">Ladycliff College</a>. Originally opened to the public in 1854, the West Point Museum is the oldest military museum in the country.<a href="#cite_note-museum-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> During the summer months, the museum operates access to the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Putnam" title="Fort Putnam">Fort Putnam</a> historic site on main post and access to the 282 acre <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Island" title="Constitution Island">Constitution Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Some of the most notable items on display at the museum are <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s pistols, Napoleon's sword, a dagger carried by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> when he was captured, a revolver that belonged to Göring, and a silver-plated party book, signed by Charles Lindbergh, Herbert Hoover and Mussolini, among others. Arguably, the most prized artifact on display is a gold-plated pistol that belonged to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academy_leadership">Academy leadership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Academy leadership">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="Superintendent of the United States Military Academy">Superintendent of the United States Military Academy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hagenbeck_and_Huntoon_at_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_19_July_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hagenbeck_and_Huntoon_at_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_19_July_2010.png/220px-Hagenbeck_and_Huntoon_at_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_19_July_2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hagenbeck_and_Huntoon_at_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_19_July_2010.png/330px-Hagenbeck_and_Huntoon_at_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_19_July_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hagenbeck_and_Huntoon_at_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_19_July_2010.png/440px-Hagenbeck_and_Huntoon_at_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_19_July_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>The 57th & 58th <a href="/wiki/Superintendents_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendents of the United States Military Academy">Superintendents</a>, LTG <a href="/wiki/Franklin_L._Hagenbeck" title="Franklin L. Hagenbeck">Franklin L. Hagenbeck</a> (L) & LTG <a href="/wiki/David_H._Huntoon" title="David H. Huntoon">David H. Huntoon</a> (R)</figcaption></figure> The commanding officer at the USMA is the <a href="/wiki/Superintendents_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendents of the United States Military Academy">Superintendent</a>, equivalent to the president or chancellor of a civilian university. In recent years, the position of superintendent has been held by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a> (three star general). The 61st Superintendent, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Gilland" title="Steven W. Gilland">Steven W. Gilland</a>, took command on 27 June 2022, replacing <a href="/wiki/Darryl_A._Williams" title="Darryl A. Williams">Darryl A. Williams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The academy is a direct reporting unit, and as such, the Superintendent reports directly to the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Army Chief of Staff (CSA)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> There are two other general officer positions at the academy. <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R.J._Garcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R.J. Garcia (page does not exist)">R.J. Garcia</a> is the Commandant of Cadets, equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_students" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean of students">dean of students</a> at the civilian level. <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (United States)">Brigadier General</a> <a href="/wiki/Shane_R._Reeves" title="Shane R. Reeves">Shane Reeves</a> is the Dean of the Academic Board, equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">provost</a> at the civilian level.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Brigadier General Diana Holland was the first female commandant.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Brigadier General Jebb was the first female Dean.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> There are 13 academic departments at USMA, each with a colonel as the head of department. These 13 tenured colonels comprise the core of the Academic Board. These officers are titled "Professors USMA" or PUSMA.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The academy is also overseen by the Board of Visitors (BOV). The BOV is a panel of Senators, Congressional Representatives, and presidential appointees who "shall inquire into the morale and discipline, curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, fiscal affairs, academic methods, and other matters relating to the academy that the board decides to consider." Currently the BOV is chaired by Representative <a href="/wiki/John_Shimkus" title="John Shimkus">John Shimkus</a> and is composed of three Senators, five Representatives and six presidential appointees.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admission_requirements">Admission requirements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Admission requirements">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point,_United_States_Military_Academy,_in_the_highlands_of_the_Hudson._New_York_Central_Lines_-_Frank_Hazell._LCCN94504463_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/West_Point%2C_United_States_Military_Academy%2C_in_the_highlands_of_the_Hudson._New_York_Central_Lines_-_Frank_Hazell._LCCN94504463_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-West_Point%2C_United_States_Military_Academy%2C_in_the_highlands_of_the_Hudson._New_York_Central_Lines_-_Frank_Hazell._LCCN94504463_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/West_Point%2C_United_States_Military_Academy%2C_in_the_highlands_of_the_Hudson._New_York_Central_Lines_-_Frank_Hazell._LCCN94504463_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-West_Point%2C_United_States_Military_Academy%2C_in_the_highlands_of_the_Hudson._New_York_Central_Lines_-_Frank_Hazell._LCCN94504463_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/West_Point%2C_United_States_Military_Academy%2C_in_the_highlands_of_the_Hudson._New_York_Central_Lines_-_Frank_Hazell._LCCN94504463_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-West_Point%2C_United_States_Military_Academy%2C_in_the_highlands_of_the_Hudson._New_York_Central_Lines_-_Frank_Hazell._LCCN94504463_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>West Point in a New York Central Lines ad</figcaption></figure> Candidates must be between 17 and 23 years old (waivers have been accepted for 24-year olds in rare cases where the candidate is in the military and deployed and therefore unable to attend before their 24th birthday), unmarried, and with no legal obligation to support a child. Above-average high school or previous college grades and strong performance on standardized testing are expected.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The interquartile range on the old <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> was 1100–1360 and 68% ranked in the top fifth of their high school class.<a href="#cite_note-Class2012-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-CN-130">[130]</a> To be eligible for appointment, candidates must also undergo a Candidate Fitness Assessment<a href="#cite_note-usma1-131">[131]</a> and a complete physical exam.<a href="#cite_note-usma1-131">[131]</a> Up to 60 students from foreign countries are present at USMA, educated at the expense of the sponsoring nation, with tuition assistance based on the <a href="/wiki/Gross_National_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross National Product">GNP</a> of their country.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Of these foreign cadets the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> specifically permits one Filipino cadet designated by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The actual application process consists of two main requirements: candidates apply to USMA for admission and separately provide a nomination. The majority of candidates receive a nomination from their <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States Representative</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a>. Some receive a nomination from the Vice President or even the President of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The nomination process is not political. The academy applicant typically provides written essays and letters of recommendation. The applicant then submits to a formal interview.<a href="#cite_note-policyarchive1-135">[135]</a> Admission to West Point is selective: 7.74% of applicants were admitted (total of 1232) to the Class of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Class2024-136">[136]</a> Candidates may have previous college experience, but they may not transfer, meaning that regardless of previous college credit, they enter the academy as a fourth class cadet and undergo the entire four-year program.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Candidates considered academically disqualified and not selected may receive an offer to attend to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Military Academy Preparatory School">United States Military Academy Preparatory School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Upon graduation from USMAPS, these candidates are appointed to the academy if they receive the recommendation of the USMAPS Commandant and meet medical admission requirements.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The West Point Association of Graduates (WPAOG) also offers scholarship support to people who are qualified but not selected. The scholarships usually cover around $7,000 to civilian universities; the students who receive these scholarships do so under the stipulation that they will be admitted to and attend West Point a year later. Those who do not must repay the AOG. <a href="/wiki/Marion_Military_Institute" title="Marion Military Institute">Marion Military Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Military_Institute" title="New Mexico Military Institute">New Mexico Military Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Military_College" title="Georgia Military College">Georgia Military College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hargrave_Military_Academy" title="Hargrave Military Academy">Hargrave Military Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greystone_Preparatory_School" title="Greystone Preparatory School">Greystone Preparatory School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Schreiner_University" title="Schreiner University">Schreiner University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Preparatory_School_(California)" title="Northwestern Preparatory School (California)">Northwestern Preparatory School</a> are approved programs that students attend on the AOG scholarship prior to admission to West Point.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_centers_and_institutes">Research centers and institutes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Research centers and institutes">edit</a>]</div> The Academy's research centers and institutes include:<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Army Cyber Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center" title="Combating Terrorism Center">Combating Terrorism Center</a></li> <li>Center for Data Analysis and Statistics</li> <li>Center for Environmental and Geographical Science</li> <li>Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies</li> <li>Center for Innovation and Engineering</li> <li>Center for Languages, Cultures, and Regional Studies</li> <li>Center for Leadership and Diversity in STEM</li> <li>Center for Molecular Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Center_for_Oral_History" title="West Point Center for Oral History">Center for Oral History</a></li> <li>Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operations</li> <li>Cyber Research Center</li> <li>Digital History Center</li> <li>Lieber Institute for Law & Warfare</li> <li>Mathematical Sciences Center</li> <li>Modern War Institute</li> <li>Operations Research Center</li> <li>Photonics Research Center</li> <li>Robotics Research Center</li> <li>Systems Design and Analysis Center</li> <li>West Point Center for the Rule of Law</li> <li>West Point Insider Threat Program</li> <li>West Point Leadership Center</li> <li>West Point Music Research Center</li> <li>West Point Simulation Center</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Curriculum">Curriculum</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Curriculum">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_top-ranking_graduates" title="List of United States Military Academy top-ranking graduates">List of United States Military Academy top-ranking graduates</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMA_Graduation_Hat_Toss_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USMA_Graduation_Hat_Toss_2008.jpg/170px-USMA_Graduation_Hat_Toss_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USMA_Graduation_Hat_Toss_2008.jpg/255px-USMA_Graduation_Hat_Toss_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USMA_Graduation_Hat_Toss_2008.jpg/340px-USMA_Graduation_Hat_Toss_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Graduates of the Class of 2008 toss their hats after "class dismissed"</figcaption></figure> West Point is a highly residential baccalaureate college, with a full-time, four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with no graduate program.<a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-142">[142]</a> There are forty-five academic majors, the most popular of which are foreign languages, management information systems, history, economics, and mechanical engineering.<a href="#cite_note-CN-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> West Point is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_States_Commission_on_Higher_Education" title="Middle States Commission on Higher Education">Middle States Commission on Higher Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Military officers compose 75% of the faculty, while civilian professors make up the remaining 25%.<a href="#cite_note-faculty-145">[145]</a> A cadet's class rank, which determines their Army branch and assignment upon graduation, is calculated as a combination of academic performance (55%), military leadership performance (30%), and physical fitness and athletic performance (15%).<a href="#cite_note-fullfillmission-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics">Academics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Academics">edit</a>]</div> The academy's teaching style forms part of the Thayer method, which was implemented by Sylvanus Thayer during his tour as Superintendent.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> This form of instruction emphasizes small classes with daily homework, and strives to make students actively responsible for their own learning by completing homework assignments prior to class and bringing the work to class to discuss collaboratively.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The academic program consists of a structured core of thirty-one courses balanced between the arts and sciences.<a href="#cite_note-ov-150">[150]</a> The academy operates on the semester system, which it labels as "terms" (Term 1 is the fall semester; Term 2 is the spring semester). Although cadets choose their majors in the spring of their freshmen year, all cadets take the same course of instruction until the beginning of their second year.<a href="#cite_note-CurriculumBriefing-151">[151]</a> This core course of instruction consists of mathematics, information technology, chemistry, physics, engineering, history, physical geography, philosophy, leadership and general psychology, English composition and literature, foreign language, political science, international relations, economics, and constitutional law.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Some advanced cadets may "validate" out of the base-level classes and take advanced or accelerated courses earlier as freshmen or sophomores. Regardless of major, all cadets graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree.<a href="#cite_note-ov-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMA_Cadets_Cross_a_Rope_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/USMA_Cadets_Cross_a_Rope_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="144" /></a><figcaption>Cadets cross a rope bridge during summer training</figcaption></figure> As all cadets are commissioned as second lieutenants upon graduation, military and leadership education is nested with academic instruction. Military training and discipline fall under the purview of the Office of the Commandant of Cadets. Entering freshmen, or fourth class cadets, are referred to as New Cadets, and enter the academy on Reception Day or R-day,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> which marks the start of cadet basic training (CBT), known colloquially as Beast Barracks, or simply Beast.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Most cadets consider Beast to be their most difficult time at the academy because of the transition from civilian to military life. Their second summer, cadets undergo cadet field training (CFT) at nearby Camp Buckner, where they train in more advanced field craft and military skills. During a cadet's third summer, they may serve as instructors for CBT or CFT. Rising Firstie (senior) cadets also spend one-month training at Camp Buckner, where they train for modern tactical situations that they will soon face as new platoon leaders. Cadets also have the opportunity during their second, third and fourth summers to serve in active army units and military schools around the world.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The schools include Airborne, Air Assault, Sapper, Pathfinder, etc.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">Active duty</a> officers in the <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">rank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">captain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a> serve as Company Tactical Officers (TAC Officers). The role of the TAC is to mentor, train, and teach the cadets proper standards of good order and discipline and be a good role model.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> There is one TAC for every cadet company. There is also one senior Non-Commissioned Officer to assist each TAC, known as TAC-NCOs.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The Department of Military Instruction (DMI) is responsible for all military arts and sciences education as well as planning and executing the cadet summer training.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Within DMI there is a representative from each of the Army's branches. These "branch reps" serve as proponents for their respective branches and liaise with cadets as they prepare for branch selection and graduation.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Within DMI sits the Modern War Institute, a research center devoted to the study of contemporary conflict and the evolving character of war.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical">Physical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Physical">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horizontal_Ladder_and_Vertical_Rope_USMA_IOCT.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Horizontal_Ladder_and_Vertical_Rope_USMA_IOCT.JPG/220px-Horizontal_Ladder_and_Vertical_Rope_USMA_IOCT.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Horizontal_Ladder_and_Vertical_Rope_USMA_IOCT.JPG/330px-Horizontal_Ladder_and_Vertical_Rope_USMA_IOCT.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Horizontal_Ladder_and_Vertical_Rope_USMA_IOCT.JPG/440px-Horizontal_Ladder_and_Vertical_Rope_USMA_IOCT.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Indoor obstacle course</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Physical_Education" title="Department of Physical Education">Department of Physical Education</a> (DPE) administers the physical program, which includes both physical education classes, physical fitness testing, and competitive athletics. The head of DPE holds the title of Master of the Sword, dating back to the 19th century when DPE taught swordsmanship as part of the curriculum.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> All cadets take a prescribed series of physical fitness courses such as military movement (applied gymnastics), boxing, survival swimming, and beginning in 2009, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Army_Combatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Army Combatives">advanced combatives</a>. Cadets can also take elective physical activity classes such as <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba</a>, rock climbing, and aerobic fitness.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> As with all soldiers in the Army, cadets also must pass the <a href="/wiki/Army_Physical_Fitness_Test" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Physical Fitness Test">Army Physical Fitness Test</a> twice per year. Additionally, every year, cadets must pass the <a href="/wiki/Indoor_Obstacle_Course_Test" title="Indoor Obstacle Course Test">Indoor Obstacle Course Test</a> (IOCT), which DPE has administered in <a href="/wiki/Hayes_Gymnasium" title="Hayes Gymnasium">Hayes Gymnasium</a> since 1944.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>'s tenure as superintendent, every cadet has been required to participate in either an <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">intercollegiate sport</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club">club sport</a>, or an <a href="/wiki/Intramural" class="mw-redirect" title="Intramural">intramural</a> (referred to as "company athletics") sport each semester.<a href="#cite_note-Ambrose_1966,_p._275-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moral_and_ethical_training">Moral and ethical training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Moral and ethical training">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cadet_Honor_Plaze_USMA_Dec_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cadet_Honor_Plaze_USMA_Dec_2008.JPG/220px-Cadet_Honor_Plaze_USMA_Dec_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cadet_Honor_Plaze_USMA_Dec_2008.JPG/330px-Cadet_Honor_Plaze_USMA_Dec_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cadet_Honor_Plaze_USMA_Dec_2008.JPG/440px-Cadet_Honor_Plaze_USMA_Dec_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Class of '57 honor memorial on which the honor code is inscribed</figcaption></figure> Moral and ethical development occurs throughout the entirety of the cadet experience by living under <a href="/wiki/Cadet_Honor_Code" title="Cadet Honor Code">the honor code</a> and through formal leadership programs available at the academy. These include instruction in the values of the military profession through Professional Military Ethics Education (PME2), voluntary religious programs, interaction with staff and faculty role models, and an extensive guest-speaker program. The foundation of the ethical code at West Point is found in the academy's motto, "Duty, Honor, Country."<a href="#cite_note-motto-1">[1]</a> West Point's <a href="/wiki/Cadet_Honor_Code" title="Cadet Honor Code">Cadet Honor Code</a> reads simply that: "A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do."<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Cadets accused of violating the Honor Code face an investigative and hearing process. If they are found guilty by a jury of their peers, they face severe consequences ranging from being "turned back" (repeating an academic year) to separation from the academy.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Cadets previously enforced collective censure by an unofficial sanction known as "silencing" by not speaking to cadets accused of violating the honor code, but the practice ended in 1973 after national scrutiny.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Although the academy's honor code is well known and has been influential for many other colleges and universities, the academy has experienced several significant violations. For example, 151 junior cadets were found guilty of "violating the honor code" in their exams in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In 2020, more than 70 cadets were also accused of cheating on exams.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cadet_life">Cadet life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cadet life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_and_organization">Rank and organization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rank and organization">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMA_Cadet_Rank_-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/USMA_Cadet_Rank_-2.jpg/170px-USMA_Cadet_Rank_-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/USMA_Cadet_Rank_-2.jpg/255px-USMA_Cadet_Rank_-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/USMA_Cadet_Rank_-2.jpg/340px-USMA_Cadet_Rank_-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1689" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption>Cadet collar and shoulder sleeve insignia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMA_Cadet_Rank_-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/USMA_Cadet_Rank_-1.jpg/170px-USMA_Cadet_Rank_-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/USMA_Cadet_Rank_-1.jpg/255px-USMA_Cadet_Rank_-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/USMA_Cadet_Rank_-1.jpg/340px-USMA_Cadet_Rank_-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>Cadet captains' shoulder sleeve insignia</figcaption></figure> Cadets are not referred to as <a href="/wiki/Freshman" title="Freshman">freshmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophomore" title="Sophomore">sophomores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junior_(education_year)" title="Junior (education year)">juniors</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Senior_(education)" title="Senior (education)">seniors</a>. Instead they are officially called fourth class, third class, second class, and first class cadets. Colloquially, freshmen are plebes, sophomores are yearlings or yuks, juniors are cows, and seniors are firsties.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Only some of the origins of the class names are known. <a href="/wiki/Plebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebs">Plebeians</a> were the lower class of ancient Roman society, while yearling is a euphemism for a year-old animal. There are a number of theories for the origin of the term cow; however the most prevalent and probably accurate one is that cadets had no leave until the end of their yearling year, when they were granted a summer-long furlough. Their return as second classmen was heralded as "the cows coming home."<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The Corps of Cadets is officially organized into a brigade. The senior ranking cadet, the Brigade Commander, is known traditionally as the First Captain. The brigade is organized into four regiments. Within each regiment there are three battalions, each consisting of three companies.<a href="#cite_note-PA-177">[177]</a> Companies are lettered A through I, with a number signifying which regiment it belongs to. For example, there are four "H" companies: H1, H2, H3, and H4. First class cadets hold the leadership positions within the brigade from the First Captain down to platoon leaders within the companies. Leadership responsibility decreases with the lower classes, with second class cadets holding the rank of cadet sergeant, third class cadets holding the rank of cadet corporal, and fourth class cadets as cadet privates.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_in_the_corps">Life in the corps</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Life in the corps">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMA_Color_Guard_on_Parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/USMA_Color_Guard_on_Parade.jpg/220px-USMA_Color_Guard_on_Parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/USMA_Color_Guard_on_Parade.jpg/330px-USMA_Color_Guard_on_Parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/USMA_Color_Guard_on_Parade.jpg/440px-USMA_Color_Guard_on_Parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption>Cadet color guard on parade</figcaption></figure> Because of the academy's congressional nomination process, students come from all 50 states, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, the Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the US Virgin Islands.<a href="#cite_note-numofcadets-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> The academy is also authorized up to 60 international exchange cadets, who undergo the same four-year curriculum as fully integrated members of the Corps of Cadets.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Cadets attend the United States Military Academy free of charge, with all tuition and board paid for by the Army in return for a service commitment of five years of active duty and three years of reserve status upon graduation.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Starting on the first day of a cadet's second class year, non-graduates after that point are expected to fulfill their obligations in enlisted service. Cadets receive a monthly <a href="/wiki/Stipend" title="Stipend">stipend</a> of $1,017.00 for books, uniforms, and other necessities, as of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> From this amount, pay is automatically deducted for the cost of uniforms, books, supplies, services, meals, and other miscellaneous expenses. All remaining money after deductions is used at the individual cadets' discretion. All cadets receive meals in the dining halls and have access to internet on approved, issued devices.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The student population was 4,389 cadets for the 2016–2017 academic year. The student body has recently been around 20% female.<a href="#cite_note-CN-130">[130]</a> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Student body composition as of 2 May 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> </td> <td align="right">62% </td> <td align="left">62<div style="width:124px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td align="right">13% </td> <td align="left">13<div style="width:26px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td align="right">12% </td> <td align="left">12<div style="width:24px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">8% </td> <td align="left">8<div style="width:16px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<a href="#cite_note-186">[a]</a> </td> <td align="right">4% </td> <td align="left">4<div style="width:8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign national</a> </td> <td align="right">1% </td> <td align="left">1<div style="width:2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> </td> <td align="right">1% </td> <td align="left">1<div style="width:2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">Economic diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Data not available </td></tr></tbody></table> All cadets reside on campus for their entire four years in one of the nine barracks buildings. Most cadets are housed with one roommate, but some rooms are designed for three cadets. Cadets are grouped into companies identified by alpha-numeric codes. All companies live together in the same barracks area.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> The commandant may decide to have cadets change companies at some point in their cadet career. This process is known as scrambling and the method of scrambling has changed several times in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-murphyp10-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> All 4,000 cadets dine together at breakfast and lunch in the Washington Hall during the weekdays.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> The cadet fitness center, Arvin Cadet Physical Development Center (usually just called "Arvin" by cadets and faculty), which was rebuilt in 2004, houses extensive physical fitness facilities and equipment for student use.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012s_Motto_Beast_March_Back.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2012s_Motto_Beast_March_Back.JPG/220px-2012s_Motto_Beast_March_Back.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2012s_Motto_Beast_March_Back.JPG/330px-2012s_Motto_Beast_March_Back.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2012s_Motto_Beast_March_Back.JPG/440px-2012s_Motto_Beast_March_Back.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="1537" /></a><figcaption>Class of 2012's motto</figcaption></figure> Each class of cadets elects representatives to serve as class president and fill several administrative positions.<a href="#cite_note-classofficers-192">[191]</a> They also elect a ring and crest committee, which designs the class's crest, the emblem that signifies their class and is embossed upon their class rings. Each class crest is required to contain the initials USMA and their class motto.<a href="#cite_note-co2009-193">[192]</a> The class motto is proposed by the class during cadet basic training and voted on by the class prior to the beginning of their freshman academic year. Class mottos typically have wording that rhymes or is phonetically similar with their class year.<a href="#cite_note-co2009-193">[192]</a> Cadets today live and work within the framework of the West Point Leader Development System (WPLDS), which specifies the roles that a cadet plays throughout their four years at the academy.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Cadets begin their USMA careers as trainees (new cadets), then advance in rank, starting as CDT Privates (freshmen) and culminating as CDT Officers (seniors). Freshmen have no leadership responsibilities, but have a host of duties to perform as they learn how to follow orders and operate in an environment of rigid rank structure, while seniors have significant leadership responsibilities and significantly more privileges that correspond to their rank.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities">Activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_President_of_Rawanda_visits_son_at_West_Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_President_of_Rawanda_visits_son_at_West_Point.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_President_of_Rawanda_visits_son_at_West_Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_President_of_Rawanda_visits_son_at_West_Point.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_President_of_Rawanda_visits_son_at_West_Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_President_of_Rawanda_visits_son_at_West_Point.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_President_of_Rawanda_visits_son_at_West_Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwandan</a> President <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a> visits his son's room during Plebe-Parent Weekend</figcaption></figure> Cadets have a host of extracurricular activities available, most run by the office of the Directorate of Cadet Activities (DCA).<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> DCA sponsors or operates 113 athletic and non-sport clubs.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Many cadets join several clubs during their time at the academy and find their time spent with their clubs a welcome respite from the rigors of cadet life.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> DCA is responsible for a wide range of activities that provide improved quality of life for cadets, including: three cadet-oriented restaurants,<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> the Cadet Store,<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> and the Howitzer and Bugle Notes.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The Howitzer is the annual yearbook, while Bugle Notes, also known as the "plebe bible," is the manual of plebe knowledge. Plebe knowledge is a lengthy collection of traditions, songs, poems, anecdotes, and facts about the academy, the army, the Old Corps, and the rivalry with Navy that all plebes must memorize during cadet basic training.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> During plebe year, plebes may be asked, and are expected to answer, any inquiry about plebe knowledge asked by upper class cadets. Other knowledge is historical in nature, including information as found in Bugle Notes.<a href="#cite_note-bn-205">[204]</a> However, some knowledge changes daily, such as "the days" (a running list of the number of days until important academy events),<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> the menu in the mess hall for the day, or the lead stories in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bn-205">[204]</a> Each cadet class celebrates at least one special "class weekend" per academic year. Fourth class cadets participate in Plebe Parent Weekend during the first weekend of spring break. In February, third class cadets celebrate the winter season with Yearling Winter Weekend. In late January the second class cadets celebrate 500th Night, marking the remaining 500 days before graduation. First class cadets celebrate three different formal occasions. In late August, first class cadets celebrate <a href="/wiki/Ring_Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Weekend">Ring Weekend</a>, in February they mark their last 100 days with 100th Night, and in May they have a full week of events culminating in their graduation. All of the "class weekends" involve a formal dinner and social dance, known in old cadet slang as a "hop," held at Eisenhower Hall.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Grant Hall, formerly the cadet mess hall at West Point, is now a social center.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Athletics">Athletics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Athletics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights" title="Army Black Knights">Army Black Knights</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beat_Navy_Tunnel,_West_Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Beat_Navy_Tunnel%2C_West_Point.jpg/220px-Beat_Navy_Tunnel%2C_West_Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Beat_Navy_Tunnel%2C_West_Point.jpg/330px-Beat_Navy_Tunnel%2C_West_Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Beat_Navy_Tunnel%2C_West_Point.jpg/440px-Beat_Navy_Tunnel%2C_West_Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption>"Beat Navy" tunnel</figcaption></figure> Since 1899, Army's mascot has officially been a mule because the animal symbolizes strength and perseverance.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> The academy's football team was nicknamed "The Black Knights of the Hudson" due to the black color of its uniforms.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> This nickname has since been officially shortened to the "Black Knights."<a href="#cite_note-qfacts-214">[213]</a> U.S. sports media use "Army" as a synonym for the academy. "On Brave Old Army Team" is the school's <a href="/wiki/Fight_song" title="Fight song">fight song</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> Army's chief sports rival is the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy</a> due to its long-standing football rivalry and the interservice rivalry with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> in general. Fourth class cadets verbally greet upper-class cadets and faculty with "Beat Navy," while the tunnel that runs under Washington Road is named the "Beat Navy" tunnel. Army also plays the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force Academy">U.S. Air Force Academy</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief%27s_Trophy" title="Commander-in-Chief's Trophy">Commander-in-Chief's Trophy</a>. In the first half of the 20th century, Army and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a> were <a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Notre_Dame_football_rivalry" title="Army–Notre Dame football rivalry">football rivals</a>, but that rivalry has since died out.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> Notre Dame beat Army 44 – 6 in 2016. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Football">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_football" title="Army Black Knights football">Army Black Knights football</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_football_(53297623003).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Army_football_%2853297623003%29.jpg/220px-Army_football_%2853297623003%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Army_football_%2853297623003%29.jpg/330px-Army_football_%2853297623003%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Army_football_%2853297623003%29.jpg/440px-Army_football_%2853297623003%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4898" data-file-height="3265" /></a><figcaption>Army football players during a game at <a href="/wiki/Michie_Stadium" title="Michie Stadium">Michie Stadium</a> in 2023</figcaption></figure> Army <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> began in 1890, when <a href="/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen_football" title="Navy Midshipmen football">Navy</a> challenged the cadets to a game of the relatively new sport. Navy defeated Army at West Point that year, but Army avenged the loss in <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_MD" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis, MD">Annapolis</a> the following year.<a href="#cite_note-Ambrose_1966,_pp._305–306-218">[217]</a> The rival academies still clash every December in what is traditionally the last regular-season Division I college-football game. The 2015 football season marked Navy's fourteenth consecutive victory over Army, the longest streak in the series since inception. The following year, Army won 21–17.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> Army's football team reached its pinnacle of success under coach <a href="/wiki/Earl_Blaik" title="Earl Blaik">Earl Blaik</a> when Army won consecutive national championships in 1944, 1945 and 1946, and produced three <a href="/wiki/Heisman_trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Heisman trophy">Heisman trophy</a> winners: <a href="/wiki/Doc_Blanchard" title="Doc Blanchard">Doc Blanchard</a> (1945), <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Davis_(halfback)" title="Glenn Davis (halfback)">Glenn Davis</a> (1946) and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Dawkins" title="Pete Dawkins">Pete Dawkins</a> (1958).<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> Past NFL coaches <a href="/wiki/Vince_Lombardi" title="Vince Lombardi">Vince Lombardi</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Parcells" title="Bill Parcells">Bill Parcells</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> were Army assistant coaches early in their careers. The football team plays its home games at <a href="/wiki/Michie_Stadium" title="Michie Stadium">Michie Stadium</a>, where the playing field is named after Earl Blaik. Cadets' attendance is mandatory at football games and the Corps stands for the duration of the game. At all home games, one of the four regiments marches onto the field in formation before the team takes the field and leads the crowd in traditional Army cheers.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> From 1992 through 1996, Army won all of the games against Navy for the first time since the legendary days of Blanchard and Davis, and it introduced the fraternal group of players identifying themselves as the Fat Man Club, initiated by the offensive linemen of the Class of 1996. Between the 1998 and 2004 seasons, Army's football program was a member of <a href="/wiki/Conference_USA" title="Conference USA">Conference USA</a>, but has since reverted to its former independent status.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_basketball" title="Army Black Knights men's basketball">Army Black Knights men's basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Army Black Knights men's ice hockey">Army Black Knights men's ice hockey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmyNavyLax2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/ArmyNavyLax2009.JPG/220px-ArmyNavyLax2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/ArmyNavyLax2009.JPG/330px-ArmyNavyLax2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/ArmyNavyLax2009.JPG/440px-ArmyNavyLax2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>A cadet in action during the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Rivals" title="Day of Rivals">2009 Army–Navy lacrosse game</a></figcaption></figure> Though football may receive a lot of media attention due to its annual rivalry game, West Point has a long history of athletics in other NCAA sports.<a href="#cite_note-Ambrose_1966,_pp._305–306-218">[217]</a> Army is a member of the Division I <a href="/wiki/Patriot_League" title="Patriot League">Patriot League</a> in most sports,<a href="#cite_note-qfacts-214">[213]</a> while its men's <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> program competes in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Hockey" title="Atlantic Hockey">Atlantic Hockey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_P._Riley_Jr." title="John P. Riley Jr.">John P. Riley Jr.</a> was the hockey coach at West Point for more than 35 years. Every year, Army faces the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a> (RMC) <a href="/wiki/RMC_Paladins" class="mw-redirect" title="RMC Paladins">Paladins</a> in the annual <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point Weekend">West Point Weekend</a> hockey game.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> This series was first conceived in 1923. The <a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Army Black Knights men's lacrosse">men's lacrosse team</a> has won eight <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship">national championships</a> and appeared in the NCAA tournament sixteen times. In its early years, lacrosse was used by football players, like the "Lonesome End" <a href="/wiki/Bill_Carpenter" title="Bill Carpenter">Bill Carpenter</a>, to stay in shape during the off-season.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> The 2005–06 women's basketball team went 20–11 and won the Patriot League tournament. They went to the <a href="/wiki/2006_NCAA_Women%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament">2006 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament</a> as a 15th-ranked <a href="/wiki/Seed_(tennis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed (tennis)">seed</a>, where they lost to <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, 102–54. It was the first <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship">March Madness</a> tournament appearance for any Army basketball team. The head coach of that team, <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Dixon" title="Maggie Dixon">Maggie Dixon</a>, died soon after the season at only 28 years of age. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Knight" title="Bob Knight">Bob Knight</a>, formerly the winningest men's basketball coach in NCAA history, began his head coaching career at Army in the late 1960s<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> before moving on to <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Hoosiers_men%27s_basketball" title="Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball">Indiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_men%27s_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball">Texas Tech</a>. One of Knight's players at Army was <a href="/wiki/Mike_Krzyzewski" title="Mike Krzyzewski">Mike Krzyzewski</a>, who later was head coach at Army before moving on to <a href="/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men%27s_basketball" title="Duke Blue Devils men's basketball">Duke</a>, where he has won five <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">national championships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> Approximately 15% of cadets are members of a club sport team. West Point fields a total of 24 club sports teams that have been very successful in recent years, winning national championships in judo, boxing, orienteering, pistol, triathlon, crew, cycling, and team handball.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-dca-231">[230]</a> The majority of the student body, about 65%, competes in intramural sports, known at the academy as "company athletics." <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Physical_Education_(DPE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Physical Education (DPE)">DPE's</a> Competitive Sports committee runs the club and company athletics sports programs and was recently named one of the "15 Most Influential Sports Education Teams in America" by the Institute for International Sport.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> The fall season sees competition in basketball, flag-football, team handball, soccer, ultimate disc, and wrestling; while the spring season sees competition in combative grappling, floor hockey, orienteering, flicker ball, and swimming.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> In the spring, each company also fields a team entry into the annual <a href="/wiki/Sandhurst_Competition" title="Sandhurst Competition">Sandhurst Competition</a>, a military skills event conducted by the Department of Military Instruction.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Traditions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Corps.ogg" title="File:The Corps.ogg">The Corps</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="158" data-mwtitle="The_Corps.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/The_Corps.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/The_Corps.ogg/The_Corps.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Bishop H.S. Shipman's "<a href="/wiki/The_Corps_(song)" title="The Corps (song)">The Corps</a>" is considered the second most important song at the United States Military Academy behind the Alma Mater.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Due to West Point's age and its unique mission of producing Army officers, it has many time-honored traditions. The list below are some of the traditions unique to or started by the academy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cullum_number">Cullum number</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cullum number">edit</a>]</div> The Cullum number is a reference and identification number assigned to each graduate. It was created by <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> Major General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Cullum" title="George Washington Cullum">George W. Cullum</a> (USMA Class of 1833) who, in 1850, began the monumental work of chronicling the biographies of every graduate. He assigned number one to the first West Point graduate, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gardner_Swift" title="Joseph Gardner Swift">Joseph Gardner Swift</a>, and then numbered all successive graduates in sequence. Before his death in 1892, General Cullum completed the first three volumes of a work that eventually comprised 10 volumes, titled General Cullum's Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, and covering USMA classes from 1802 through 1850. From 1802 through the Class of 1977, graduates were listed by General Order of Merit. Beginning with the Class of 1978, graduates were listed alphabetically within each class. Ten graduates have an "A" suffix after their Cullum Number. For various reasons these graduates were omitted from the original class rosters, and a suffix letter was added to avoid renumbering the entire class and subsequent classes.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> Former cadets, those who attended but did not graduate but separated under honorable conditions, are also given Cullum numbers in a different configuration. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_ring">Class ring</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Class ring">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_class_ring" title="United States Military Academy class ring">United States Military Academy class ring</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point_2012_Ring.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/West_Point_2012_Ring.JPG/220px-West_Point_2012_Ring.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/West_Point_2012_Ring.JPG/330px-West_Point_2012_Ring.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/West_Point_2012_Ring.JPG/440px-West_Point_2012_Ring.JPG 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>2012 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_class_ring" title="United States Military Academy class ring">West Point class ring</a></figcaption></figure> West Point began the collegiate tradition of the class ring, beginning with the class of 1835.<a href="#cite_note-ring-236">[235]</a> The class of 1836 chose no rings, and the class of 1879 had cuff links in lieu of a class ring. Before 1917, cadets could design much of the ring individually, but now only the center stone can be individualized.<a href="#cite_note-ring-236">[235]</a> One side of the ring bears the academy crest, while the other side bears the class crest and the center stone ring bears the words West Point and the class year. The academy library has a large collection of cadet rings on display.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> Senior cadets receive their rings during <a href="/wiki/Ring_Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Weekend">Ring Weekend</a> in the early fall of their senior year. Immediately after senior cadets return to the barracks after receiving their rings, fourth class cadets take the opportunity to surround senior cadets from their company and ask to touch their rings. After the cadets recite a poem known as the Ring Poop, the senior usually grants the freshmen permission to touch the ring.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> In 2002, the Memorial Class ring donor program began. Donations of class rings are melted and merged. A portion of the original gold is infused with gold from preceding melts to become part of the rings for each 'Firstie' class.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thayer_Award">Thayer Award</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Thayer Award">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer_Award" title="Sylvanus Thayer Award">Sylvanus Thayer Award</a></div> West Point is home to the Sylvanus Thayer Award. Given annually by the academy since 1958, the award honors an outstanding citizen whose service and accomplishments in the national interest exemplify the academy's motto, "Duty, Honor, Country."<a href="#cite_note-thayeraward-240">[239]</a> Currently, the award guidelines state that the recipient not be a graduate of the academy. The award has been awarded to many notable American citizens, to include <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Vinson" title="Carl Vinson">Carl Vinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Perry" title="William J. Perry">William J. Perry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a><a href="#cite_note-thayeraward-240">[239]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leon_E._Panetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon E. Panetta">Leon E. Panetta</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sedgwick's_spurs">Sedgwick's spurs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sedgwick's spurs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sedgwick%27s_Spurs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Sedgwick%27s_Spurs.JPG/220px-Sedgwick%27s_Spurs.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Sedgwick%27s_Spurs.JPG/330px-Sedgwick%27s_Spurs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Sedgwick%27s_Spurs.JPG/440px-Sedgwick%27s_Spurs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Sedgwick" title="John Sedgwick">Sedgwick's</a> spurs</figcaption></figure> A monument to Civil War Union General <a href="/wiki/John_Sedgwick" title="John Sedgwick">John Sedgwick</a> stands on the outskirts of the <a href="/wiki/The_Plain_(West_Point)" title="The Plain (West Point)">Plain</a>. Sedgwick's bronze statue has <a href="/wiki/Spur" title="Spur">spurs</a> with rowels that freely rotate. Legend states that if a cadet is in danger of failing a class, they are to don their full-dress parade uniform the night before the final exam. The cadet visits the statue and spins the rowels at the stroke of midnight. Then the cadet runs back to the barracks as fast as possible. According to legend, if Sedgwick's ghost catches them, they will fail the exam. Otherwise the cadet will pass the exam and the course.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> Although being out of their rooms after midnight is officially against regulations, violations have been known to be overlooked for the sake of tradition.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goat-Engineer_game">Goat-Engineer game</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Goat-Engineer game">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point_Goat_Engineer_Game_9_Dec_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/West_Point_Goat_Engineer_Game_9_Dec_2009.JPG/220px-West_Point_Goat_Engineer_Game_9_Dec_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/West_Point_Goat_Engineer_Game_9_Dec_2009.JPG/330px-West_Point_Goat_Engineer_Game_9_Dec_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/West_Point_Goat_Engineer_Game_9_Dec_2009.JPG/440px-West_Point_Goat_Engineer_Game_9_Dec_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>2009 Goat-Engineer game</figcaption></figure> As part of the run-up to the Navy football game, the Corps of Cadets plays the Goat-Engineer game.<a href="#cite_note-gogoats-244">[243]</a> First played in 1907, it is a game between the "Goats" (the bottom half of the senior (Firstie) class academically), and the "Engineers" (the top half). The game is played with full pads and helmets using <a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man football</a> rules. The location has changed over the years, with recent venues being Richard Shea Stadium/Doubleday Field, <a href="/wiki/Michie_Stadium" title="Michie Stadium">Michie Stadium</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daly_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daly Field (page does not exist)">Daly Field</a>. Legend states that Army will beat Navy if the goats win, and the opposite if the engineers win.<a href="#cite_note-gogoats-244">[243]</a> In recent years, female cadets have begun playing a <a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag football</a> contest, so there are now two Goat-Engineer games, played consecutively the same night.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Walking_the_area">Walking the area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Walking the area">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point_Cadet_walking_the_Area,_May_98.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/West_Point_Cadet_walking_the_Area%2C_May_98.jpg/220px-West_Point_Cadet_walking_the_Area%2C_May_98.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/West_Point_Cadet_walking_the_Area%2C_May_98.jpg/330px-West_Point_Cadet_walking_the_Area%2C_May_98.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/West_Point_Cadet_walking_the_Area%2C_May_98.jpg/440px-West_Point_Cadet_walking_the_Area%2C_May_98.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>"Walking the area"</figcaption></figure> From the earliest days of the academy, one form of punishment for cadets who commit regulatory infractions has been a process officially known as punishment tours.<a href="#cite_note-AR210-26-246">[245]</a> This process is better known to the cadets as "hours" because as punishment, cadets must walk a specified number of hours in penalty. Cadets are "awarded" punishment tours based upon the severity of the infraction. Being late to class or having an unkempt room may result in as little as 5 hours while more severe misconduct infractions may result in upwards of 60 to 80 hours. In its most traditional form, punishment tours are "walked off" by wearing the dress gray uniform under arms and walking back and forth in a designated area of the cadet barracks courtyard, known as "Central Area." Cadets who get into trouble frequently and spend many weekends "walking off their hours" are known as "area birds."<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> Cadets who walk more than 100 total hours in their career are affectionately known as "Century Men."<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> An alternate form of punishment to walking hours is known as "fatigue tours," where assigned hours may be "worked off" by manual labor, such as cleaning the barracks. Certain cadets whose academics are deficient may also conduct "sitting tours," where they have to "sit hours" in a designated academic room in a controlled study environment, for which they receive half credit towards their reduction of tours. Cadets' uniforms are inspected before their tours begin each day. The inspection process is arduous and considered part of the punishment, but the time spent does not count against the awarded number of tours.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> A small number of cadets may be relieved of their tours that day if their uniforms are exceptionally presentable. Another tradition associated with punishment tours is that any visiting head of state has the authority to grant "amnesty," releasing all cadets with outstanding hours from the remainder of their assigned tours.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sandhurst_Military_Skills_Competition">Sandhurst Military Skills Competition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sandhurst Military Skills Competition">edit</a>]</div> In 1967 the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military Academy Sandhurst">Royal Military Academy Sandhurst</a> presented West Point with a <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officer's sword for use as a trophy in a <a href="/wiki/Sandhurst_Competition" title="Sandhurst Competition">military skills competition</a> at West Point. In 2019 the Sandhurst competition spans two days, 12 and 13 April, with teams from USMA, the ROTC programs, the Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force academies. International academies including the UK, Canada, Australia and Ireland have won the Sandhurst Military Skills Competition.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_of_dependents">Education of dependents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education of dependents">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Point_Middle_School_rainbow_0.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/West_Point_Middle_School_rainbow_0.webp/220px-West_Point_Middle_School_rainbow_0.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/West_Point_Middle_School_rainbow_0.webp/330px-West_Point_Middle_School_rainbow_0.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/West_Point_Middle_School_rainbow_0.webp/440px-West_Point_Middle_School_rainbow_0.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>West Point Middle School</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity" title="Department of Defense Education Activity">Department of Defense Education Activity</a> (DoDEA) maintains, for children of military personnel, West Point Elementary School and West Point Middle School on the academy grounds.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> The academy is physically in the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Falls_Central_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Falls Central School District">Highland Falls Central School District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> USMA sends high school aged students who are dependents of on-base military personnel to <a href="/wiki/James_I._O%27Neill_High_School" title="James I. O'Neill High School">James I. O'Neill High School</a> of Highland Falls schools under contract. In 2021, 190 children living on West Point attended O'Neill. In 2021 the agency at West Point announced that the bid to educate West Point High School students would be competitive.<a href="#cite_note-WangHelu-255">[254]</a> In March 2022 the O'Neill contract was renewed.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:West-point-es-rainbow.webp" class="mw-file-description" title="West Point Elementary School"><img alt="West Point Elementary School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West-point-es-rainbow.webp/120px-West-point-es-rainbow.webp.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West-point-es-rainbow.webp/180px-West-point-es-rainbow.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West-point-es-rainbow.webp/240px-West-point-es-rainbow.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">West Point Elementary School</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparatory_school">Preparatory school</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Preparatory school">edit</a>]</div> The U.S. Military Academy Preparatory School, known as USMAPS, the Prep School, or West Point Prep, was formally established in 1946, but the history of "prepping" soldiers for West Point has been done since Congress enacted legislation in 1916 authorizing soldier appointments to West Point. The school exists today to prepare soldiers and civilians with the academic, leadership, and physical skills to become successful cadets at the United States Military Academy.<a href="#cite_note-USMAPS-257">[256]</a> It is primarily an academic institution that accepts students and soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-USMAPS-257">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable alumni">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_alumni" title="List of United States Military Academy alumni">List of United States Military Academy alumni</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_alumni_(non-graduates)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Military Academy alumni (non-graduates)">List of United States Military Academy alumni (non-graduates)</a>.</div> An unofficial motto of the academy's history department is "Much of the history we teach was made by people we taught."<a href="#cite_note-Sept11-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> Graduates of the academy refer to themselves as "The Long Gray Line," a phrase taken from the academy's traditional hymn "<a href="/wiki/The_Corps_(song)" title="The Corps (song)">The Corps</a>."<a href="#cite_note-ellerson-259">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> The academy has produced just under 65,000 alumni,<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> including two <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents of the United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>; the president of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>; and three foreign heads of state: <a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Figueres" title="José María Figueres">José María Figueres</a> of <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>. Alumni currently serving in public office include <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Jack Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Nebraska">Governor of Nebraska</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Heineman" class="mw-redirect" title="David Heineman">David Heineman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Governor of Louisiana</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bel_Edwards" title="John Bel Edwards">John Bel Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Congressmen</a> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Davidson" title="Warren Davidson">Warren Davidson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Green_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Mark Green (Tennessee politician)">Mark Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brett_Guthrie" title="Brett Guthrie">Brett Guthrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Shimkus" title="John Shimkus">John Shimkus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Watkins" title="Steve Watkins">Steve Watkins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_leaders">Military leaders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Military leaders">edit</a>]</div> The academy has graduated many notable leaders since its inception in 1802. During the Civil War, a West Point graduate commanded one or both armies in every one of the 60 major battles of the war.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Graduates included <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_McClellan" class="mw-redirect" title="George McClellan">George McClellan</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_G._Meade" class="mw-redirect" title="George G. Meade">George G. Meade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sheridan" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip Sheridan">Phillip Sheridan</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">John Bell Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bolivar_Buckner" title="Simon Bolivar Buckner">Simon Bolivar Buckner</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">James Longstreet</a>, <a href="/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="J.E.B. Stuart">J.E.B. Stuart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_O._Howard" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver O. Howard">Oliver O. Howard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-266">[note 1]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a> graduated last in his class of 1861.<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> saw the first combat service of Lt. (later, Brigadier General) <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Parker_(General)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry Parker (General)">John "Gatling Gun" Parker</a>, the first Army officer to employ machine guns in offensive fire support of infantry and Brig. General <a href="/wiki/Irving_Hale" title="Irving Hale">Irving Hale</a>, who holds the highest grade point average from the Academy, and helped found the VFW.<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> During World War I, academy alumni included <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a> <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a>, and Major Generals <a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Menoher" title="Charles T. Menoher">Charles T. Menoher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mason_Patrick" title="Mason Patrick">Mason Patrick</a>. West Point was the alma mater of many notable World War II generals, <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Wayne_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Wayne Clark">Mark Wayne Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Eichelberger" title="Robert L. Eichelberger">Robert L. Eichelberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_M._Gavin" title="James M. Gavin">James M. Gavin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Groves" title="Leslie Groves">Leslie Groves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stilwell" title="Joseph Stilwell">Joseph Stilwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Maxwell D. Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Fleet" title="James Van Fleet">James Van Fleet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mayhew_Wainwright_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV">Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bolivar_Buckner,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.">Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.</a> the highest ranking General to be killed in combat during World War II, with many of these graduates also serving in commanding roles in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, notable graduates general officers included <a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Creighton Abrams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Moore" title="Hal Moore">Hal Moore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a> West Point also produced some famous generals and statesmen of recent note including <a href="/wiki/John_Abizaid" title="John Abizaid">John Abizaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_A._McChrystal" title="Stanley A. McChrystal">Stanley A. McChrystal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clark" title="Wesley Clark">Wesley Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_McCaffrey" title="Barry McCaffrey">Barry McCaffrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Schwarzkopf,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.">Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft" title="Brent Scowcroft">Brent Scowcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a>, retired General <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a>. A total of 76 graduates have been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> West Point has also graduated 18 <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a> astronauts, including five who went to the moon. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_leaders">Business leaders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Business leaders">edit</a>]</div> West Point has been emerging as a "CEO Factory" due to the number of alumni who go on to success in the business world.<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a> Noted alumni include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kimsey" title="Jim Kimsey">Jim Kimsey</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/America_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="America Online">AOL</a>;</li> <li>Bob McDonald, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a> who was later nominated to be the Secretary of Veteran Affairs;<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a></li> <li>Alex Gorsky, CEO of Johnson & Johnson;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_McLoughlin" title="Keith McLoughlin">Keith McLoughlin</a>, President and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Electrolux" title="Electrolux">Electrolux</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Martin" title="Jeffrey Martin">Jeffrey W. Martin</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Sempra_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sempra Energy">Sempra Energy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alden_Partridge" title="Alden Partridge">Alden Partridge</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Norwich_University" title="Norwich University">Norwich University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Roedy" title="Bill Roedy">Bill Roedy</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive">chief executive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Managing_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Managing director">managing director</a> of MTV Europe.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> Contributions to sport include three <a href="/wiki/Heisman_Trophy" title="Heisman Trophy">Heisman Trophy</a> winners: <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Davis_(halfback)" title="Glenn Davis (halfback)">Glenn Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doc_Blanchard" title="Doc Blanchard">Doc Blanchard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Dawkins" title="Pete Dawkins">Pete Dawkins</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abner_Doubleday" title="Abner Doubleday">Abner Doubleday</a>, once thought by some to have created baseball, graduated from West Point in 1842.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> West Point alumni include many prominent government officials, including <a href="/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft" title="Brent Scowcroft">Brent Scowcroft</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> under presidents <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Eric Shinseki</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. West Point graduate <a href="/wiki/Frank_Medina" title="Frank Medina">Frank Medina</a> organized and led the nationwide campaign that brought the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> to the <a href="/wiki/65th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="65th Infantry Regiment">65th Infantry Regiment</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/65th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="65th Infantry Regiment">Borinqueneers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a>, current <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister of Cambodia</a>, also graduated from West Point. Among American universities, the academy is fifth on the list of total winners for <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodes Scholarships">Rhodes Scholarships</a>,<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> seventh for <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Scholarships">Marshall Scholarships</a> and fourth on the list of <a href="/wiki/Hertz_Foundation" title="Hertz Foundation">Hertz Fellowships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> The official alumni association of West Point is the West Point Association of Graduates (WPAOG or AOG), headquartered at Herbert Hall.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="West_Point_Garrison_and_Stewart_Army_Subpost">West Point Garrison and Stewart Army Subpost</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: West Point Garrison and Stewart Army Subpost">edit</a>]</div> As an active-duty U.S. Army installation, there are several regular Army units that provide support for the USMA and the West Point installation. The U.S. Army Garrison<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> includes a Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Provost Marshal and Military Police, Religious Program Support, Keller Army Community Hospital, the West Point Dental Activity, the USMA Band (a regular Army band—USMA cadets are not members of the USMA band), and the Directorate of Human Resources (DHR). The DHR is the higher headquarters for: Military Personnel Division (MPD), Army Continuing Education System (ACES), Administrative Services Division (ASD) and the <a href="/wiki/Army_Substance_Abuse_Program" title="Army Substance Abuse Program">Army Substance Abuse Program</a> (ASAP). The <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Regiment (United States)">1st Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment (1–1 INF)</a> and the 2d Army Aviation Detachment, both stationed on nearby <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Air_National_Guard_Base#Units" title="Stewart Air National Guard Base">Stewart Army Subpost</a>, provide military training and aviation support to the USMA and the West Point Garrison. Additionally, active duty Army support is sometimes provided by the <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Mountain Division</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Drum" title="Fort Drum">Fort Drum</a>, NY.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Hudson_river_from_bear_mountain_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hudson_river_from_bear_mountain_bridge.jpg/32px-Hudson_river_from_bear_mountain_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hudson_river_from_bear_mountain_bridge.jpg/48px-Hudson_river_from_bear_mountain_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hudson_river_from_bear_mountain_bridge.jpg/64px-Hudson_river_from_bear_mountain_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hudson_Valley" title="Portal:Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_grounds_and_facilities" title="United States Military Academy grounds and facilities">United States Military Academy grounds and facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="List of monuments at the United States Military Academy">List of monuments at the United States Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko%27s_Garden" title="Kosciuszko's Garden">Kosciuszko's Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Army_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Army University">Army University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Naval_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Naval Academy">U.S. Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force Academy">U.S. Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Coast Guard Academy">U.S. Coast Guard Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Merchant_Marine_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Merchant Marine Academy">U.S. Merchant Marine Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redoubt_Four_(West_Point)" title="Redoubt Four (West Point)">Redoubt Four (West Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Cadets%27_Sword" title="West Point Cadets' Sword">West Point Cadets' Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Band" title="West Point Band">West Point Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Knights" title="The Jazz Knights">The Jazz Knights</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> Howard was later known for the founding of <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> Other consists of <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> & those who prefer to not say. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-motto-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-motto_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-motto_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503120921/http://www.usma.edu/about.asp">"About the Academy"</a>. United States Military Academy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usma.edu/about.asp">the original</a> on 3 May 2008. 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Rhodes Scholarship. The Rhodes Trust. Retrieved 3 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rhodes+Scholarship&rft.atitle=Rhodes+Scholarships+%E2%80%93+Number+of+Winners+by+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodesscholar.org%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2FRS_Number%2520of%2520Winners%2520by%2520Institution_1_15_16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109021116/http://www.dean.usma.edu/Scholarships/">"Scholarship Winners"</a>. Office of the Dean, USMA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dean.usma.edu/Scholarships/">the original</a> on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scholarship+Winners&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Dean%2C+USMA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dean.usma.edu%2FScholarships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westpointaog.org">"Association of Graduates"</a>. Westpointaog.org. Retrieved 1 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Association+of+Graduates&rft.pub=Westpointaog.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westpointaog.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westpoint.army.mil/index.html">U.S. Army Garrison West Point</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706212355/https://www.westpoint.army.mil/index.html">Archived</a> 2017-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015741/http://www.pointerview.com/2017/07/13/zeroing-in-on-cadet-field-training-cft-cadets-learn-impact-of-field-artillery/">"Retrieved 16 July 2017"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pointerview.com/2017/07/13/zeroing-in-on-cadet-field-training-cft-cadets-learn-impact-of-field-artillery/">the original</a> on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Retrieved+16+July+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pointerview.com%2F2017%2F07%2F13%2Fzeroing-in-on-cadet-field-training-cft-cadets-learn-impact-of-field-artillery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrose1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Ambrose">Ambrose, Stephen</a> (1966). Duty, Honor, Country: A History of West Point. Baltimore: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-6293-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-6293-0"><bdi>0-8018-6293-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duty%2C+Honor%2C+Country%3A+A+History+of+West+Point&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-8018-6293-0&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Atkinson, Rick</a> (1989). The Long Gray Line. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin Company">Houghton Mifflin Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-48008-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-48008-6"><bdi>0-395-48008-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Gray+Line&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-395-48008-6&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkalow1990" class="citation book cs1">Barkalow, Carol (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inmenshouseinsid00bark">In the Men's House</a>. New York: Poseidon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-67312-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-67312-2"><bdi>0-671-67312-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Men%27s+House&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Poseidon+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-671-67312-2&rft.aulast=Barkalow&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finmenshouseinsid00bark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"> On integrating women</li> <li>Betros, Lance. Carved from Granite: West Point since 1902 (Texas A&M University Press, 2012), 458 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrackel1991" class="citation book cs1">Crackel, Theodore (1991). The Illustrated History of West Point. Boston: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-3458-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-3458-2"><bdi>0-8109-3458-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+History+of+West+Point&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8109-3458-2&rft.aulast=Crackel&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrackel2002" class="citation book cs1">Crackel, Theodore (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westpoint00theo">West Point: A Bicentennial History</a>. Lawrence, KS: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1160-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1160-6"><bdi>0-7006-1160-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Point%3A+A+Bicentennial+History&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7006-1160-6&rft.aulast=Crackel&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwestpoint00theo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowleyGuinzburg2002" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Robert; Guinzburg, Thomas (2002). West Point: Two Centuries of Honor and Tradition. New York: Warner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-53018-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-53018-2"><bdi>0-446-53018-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Point%3A+Two+Centuries+of+Honor+and+Tradition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Warner+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-446-53018-2&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Guinzburg%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndler1998" class="citation book cs1">Endler, James (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/otherleadersothe00endl">Other Leaders, Other Heroes</a>. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96369-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96369-1"><bdi>0-275-96369-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Other+Leaders%2C+Other+Heroes&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-275-96369-1&rft.aulast=Endler&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fotherleadersothe00endl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea2003" class="citation book cs1">Lea, Russell (2003). The Long Green Line. Haverford, PA: Infinity Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7414-1459-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7414-1459-7"><bdi>0-7414-1459-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Green+Line&rft.place=Haverford%2C+PA&rft.pub=Infinity+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7414-1459-7&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipsky2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Lipsky" title="David Lipsky">Lipsky, David</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Absolutely_American" title="Absolutely American">Absolutely American: Four Years at West Point</a>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin Company">Houghton Mifflin Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-09542-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-09542-X"><bdi>0-618-09542-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Absolutely+American%3A+Four+Years+at+West+Point&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-618-09542-X&rft.aulast=Lipsky&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHulse1994" class="citation book cs1">Hulse, Glenn (1994). Bugle Notes, 86th Volume. West Point, NY: Directorate of Cadet Activities.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bugle+Notes%2C+86th+Volume&rft.place=West+Point%2C+NY&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Cadet+Activities&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Hulse&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Mahon, John K. (1967). History of the Second Seminole War 1835–1842, Revised Edition. University of Florida Press</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2004" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Robert M. S., ed. (2004). Thomas Jefferson's Military Academy: Founding West Point. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813922980" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813922980"><bdi>978-0813922980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Jefferson%27s+Military+Academy%3A+Founding+West+Point&rft.place=Charlottesville%2C+VA&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0813922980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMaster1951" class="citation book cs1">McMaster, R.K. (1951). West Point's Contribution to Education. El Paso, TX: McMath Printing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Point%27s+Contribution+to+Education&rft.place=El+Paso%2C+TX&rft.pub=McMath+Printing+Co&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=McMaster&rft.aufirst=R.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2002" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Rod (2002). The Campus Guide: West Point US Military Academy. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56898-294-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56898-294-1"><bdi>1-56898-294-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Campus+Guide%3A+West+Point+US+Military+Academy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56898-294-1&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2008" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Bill Jr. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intimeofwarpr00murp">In a Time of War: The Proud and Perilous Journey of West Point's Class of 2002</a>. New York: Henry Holt & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8679-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8679-9"><bdi>978-0-8050-8679-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+a+Time+of+War%3A+The+Proud+and+Perilous+Journey+of+West+Point%27s+Class+of+2002&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Co.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-8679-9&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Bill+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintimeofwarpr00murp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeff2007" class="citation book cs1">Neff, Casey (2007). Bugle Notes: 99th Volume. West Point, NY: Directorate of Cadet Activities.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bugle+Notes%3A+99th+Volume&rft.place=West+Point%2C+NY&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Cadet+Activities&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=Casey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalkaMalinowski,_Jon_C.2008" class="citation book cs1">Palka, Eugene; Malinowski, Jon C. (2008). Historic Photos of West Point. Nashville, TN: Turner Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59652-416-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59652-416-3"><bdi>978-1-59652-416-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Photos+of+West+Point&rft.place=Nashville%2C+TN&rft.pub=Turner+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59652-416-3&rft.aulast=Palka&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+Jon+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoughkeepsie_Journal2003" class="citation book cs1">Poughkeepsie Journal (2003). West Point: Legend on the Hudson. Montgomery, NY: Walden Printing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9674209-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9674209-1-1"><bdi>0-9674209-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Point%3A+Legend+on+the+Hudson&rft.place=Montgomery%2C+NY&rft.pub=Walden+Printing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9674209-1-1&rft.au=Poughkeepsie+Journal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson1982" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, Jeffrey (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officersgentleme00simp">Officers and Gentlemen: Historic West Point in Photographs</a>. Tarrytown, NY: Sleepy Hollow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912882-53-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-912882-53-0"><bdi>0-912882-53-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Officers+and+Gentlemen%3A+Historic+West+Point+in+Photographs&rft.place=Tarrytown%2C+NY&rft.pub=Sleepy+Hollow+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-912882-53-0&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficersgentleme00simp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Military+Academy" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_Military_Academy" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_Military_Academy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westpoint.edu/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarmysports.com/">Army Athletics website</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205094440/http://www.goarmysports.com/">Archived</a> 5 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ul> 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_baseball" title="Army Black Knights baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_basketball" title="Army Black Knights men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_women%27s_basketball" title="Army Black Knights women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_football" title="Army Black Knights football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Team_Handball" title="West Point Team Handball">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Army Black Knights men's ice hockey">Men's ice Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Army Black Knights men's lacrosse">Men's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Rugby_Football_Club" title="Army Rugby Football Club">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_soccer" title="Army Black Knights men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_softball" title="Army Black Knights softball">Softball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvin_Gymnasium" title="Arvin Gymnasium">Arvin Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christl_Arena" title="Christl Arena">Christl Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Stadium_at_Doubleday_Field" title="Johnson Stadium at Doubleday Field">Doubleday Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_Field_House" title="Gillis Field House">Gillis Field House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michie_Stadium" title="Michie Stadium">Michie Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Rink" title="Tate Rink">Tate Rink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_Game" title="Army–Navy Game">Navy (football)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_lacrosse_rivalry" title="Army–Navy lacrosse rivalry">Navy (lacrosse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_Cup" title="Army–Navy Cup">Navy (soccer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief%27s_Trophy" title="Commander-in-Chief's Trophy">Commander-in-Chief's Trophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Most_Holy_Trinity_(West_Point)" title="Chapel of the Most Holy Trinity (West Point)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Jewish_Chapel" title="West Point Jewish Chapel">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cadet_Chapel_(West_Point)" title="Old Cadet Chapel (West Point)">Old Cadet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Cadet_Chapel" title="West Point Cadet Chapel">Protestant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Other buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flirtation_Walk_(West_Point)" title="Flirtation Walk (West Point)">Flirtie Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_grounds_and_facilities" title="United States Military Academy grounds and facilities">Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Cemetery" title="West Point Cemetery">Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Gymnasium" title="Hayes Gymnasium">Hayes Gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusk_Reservoir" title="Lusk Reservoir">Lusk Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_at_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="List of monuments at the United States Military Academy">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plain_(West_Point)" title="The Plain (West Point)">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thayer_Hotel" title="Thayer Hotel">Thayer Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_Point" title="Trophy Point">Trophy Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Light_(New_York)" title="West Point Light (New York)">West Point Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="History of the United States Military Academy">Academy History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Island" title="Constitution Island">Constitution Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Clinton_(West_Point)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Clinton (West Point)">Fort Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Putnam" title="Fort Putnam">Fort Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson River Chain">Great Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko%27s_Garden" title="Kosciuszko's Garden">Kosciuszko's Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redoubt_Four_(West_Point)" title="Redoubt Four (West Point)">Redoubt Four</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_alumni" title="List of United States Military Academy alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_top-ranking_graduates" title="List of United States Military Academy top-ranking graduates">Top-ranking graduates</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_class_the_stars_fell_on" title="The class the stars fell on">Class the stars fell on</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_non-graduate_alumni" title="List of United States Military Academy non-graduate alumni">Notable non-grads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Sword" title="Master of the Sword">Master of the Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="Superintendent of the United States Military Academy">Superintendent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Gilland" title="Steven W. Gilland">current</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer" title="Sylvanus Thayer">Sylvanus Thayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_class_ring" title="United States Military Academy class ring">Class ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Honor_Code" title="Cadet Honor Code">Honor Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Obstacle_Course_Test" title="Indoor Obstacle Course Test">IOCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Mules" title="Army Mules">Mules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On,_Brave_Old_Army_Team" title="On, Brave Old Army Team">On, Brave Old Army Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst_Competition" title="Sandhurst Competition">Sandhurst Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer_Award" title="Sylvanus Thayer Award">Thayer Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Corps_(song)" title="The Corps (song)">The Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;;width:1%">Lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog_riot" title="Eggnog riot">Eggnog riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #BE9969, inset -2px -2px 0 #BE9969;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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#BE9969;;"><div id="Articles_related_to_United_States_Military_Academy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to United States Military Academy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_federal_service_academies_and_military_colleges" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_service_academies" title="Template:United States federal service academies"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_federal_service_academies" title="Template talk:United States federal service academies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_federal_service_academies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States federal service academies"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_federal_service_academies_and_military_colleges" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">United States federal service academies and military colleges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">Service academies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military Academy (West Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy (Annapolis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy (Colorado Springs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">Coast Guard Academy (New London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">Merchant Marine Academy (Kings Point)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Institute_of_Technology" title="Air Force Institute of Technology">Air Force Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_College_of_the_Air_Force" title="Community College of the Air Force">Community College of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Language_Institute" title="Defense Language Institute">Defense Language Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_the_Health_Sciences" title="Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Legal_Center_and_School" title="The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School">The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Staff_college#United_States_of_America" title="Staff college">Staff colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Forces_Staff_College" title="Joint Forces Staff College">Joint Forces Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="United States Army Command and General Staff College">Army Command and General Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">Army War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Warrant_Officer_Career_College" title="United States Army Warrant Officer Career College">Army Warrant Officer Career College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_University" title="Marine Corps University">Marine Corps University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_College" title="Marine Corps War College">Marine Corps War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University" title="National Defense University">National Defense University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Military_Studies" title="School of Advanced Military Studies">School of Advanced Military Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Command_and_Staff_College" title="Air Command and Staff College">Air Command and Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_University_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Air University (United States Air Force)">Air University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAF_Air_War_College" title="USAF Air War College">USAF Air War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies#Preparatory_schools" title="United States service academies">Preparatory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Military Academy Preparatory School">Military Academy Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="Naval Academy Preparatory School">Naval Academy Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Air Force Academy Preparatory School">Air Force Academy Preparatory School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">Military academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Military education and training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NATO_military_academies" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NATO_Military_Academies" title="Template:NATO Military Academies"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NATO_Military_Academies" title="Template talk:NATO Military Academies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NATO_Military_Academies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NATO Military Academies"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NATO_military_academies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">military academies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Joint</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Academy_(Albania)" title="Armed Forces Academy (Albania)">Armed Forces Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_(Belgium)" title="Royal Military Academy (Belgium)">Royal Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Rakovski_Military_Academy" title="Georgi Rakovski Military Academy">Georgi Rakovski Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Levski_National_Military_University" title="Vasil Levski National Military University">Vasil Levski National Military University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Defence_College" title="Royal Danish Defence College">Royal Danish Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_Saint-Jean" title="Royal Military College Saint-Jean">Royal Military College Saint-Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Franjo_Tu%C4%91man_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Franjo Tuđman Military Academy">Dr. Franjo Tuđman Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Defence_(Czech_Republic)" title="University of Defence (Czech Republic)">University of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Military_Academy" title="Estonian Military Academy">Estonian Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_University_(Finland)" title="National Defence University (Finland)">National Defence University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Public_Service#Faculty_of_Military_Sciences_and_Officer_Training" title="National University of Public Service">National University of Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Jonas_%C5%BDemaitis_Military_Academy_of_Lithuania" title="General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania">General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Militaire_Academie" title="Koninklijke Militaire Academie">Koninklijke Militaire Academie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Defence_Academy" title="Central Defence Academy">Central Defence Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_Karlberg" title="Military Academy Karlberg">Military Academy Karlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Services_Command_and_Staff_College" title="Joint Services Command and Staff College">Joint Services Command and Staff College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Land forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Academy_(Finland)" title="Army Academy (Finland)">Army Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Military_Academy" title="Royal Danish Military Academy">Royal Danish Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sp%C3%A9ciale_militaire_de_Saint-Cyr" title="École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr">École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_militaire_interarmes" title="École militaire interarmes">École militaire interarmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_officiers_de_la_gendarmerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="École des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale">École des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Schools" title="Army Training Schools">Army Training Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Military_Academy" title="Hellenic Military Academy">Hellenic Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_of_Modena" title="Military Academy of Modena">Military Academy of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Military_Academy" title="Norwegian Military Academy">Norwegian Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Military_University_of_Land_Forces" title="General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces">General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_(Portugal)" title="Military Academy (Portugal)">Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_B%C4%83lcescu_Land_Forces_Academy" title="Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy">Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Academy" title="General Military Academy">General Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Military_Academy" title="Turkish Military Academy">Turkish Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military Academy Sandhurst">Royal Military Academy Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Military Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Maritime forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Vaptsarov_Naval_Academy" title="Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy">Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Naval_Academy" title="Royal Danish Naval Academy">Royal Danish Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_navale" title="École navale">École navale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCrwik_Naval_School" title="Mürwik Naval School">Mürwik Naval School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Naval_Academy" title="Hellenic Naval Academy">Hellenic Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Naval_Academy" title="Italian Naval Academy">Italian Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College_(Netherlands)" title="Royal Naval College (Netherlands)">Royal Dutch Naval College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Naval_Academy" title="Royal Norwegian Naval Academy">Royal Norwegian Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Naval_Academy" title="Polish Naval Academy">Polish Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_School_(Portugal)" title="Naval School (Portugal)">Naval School of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_cel_B%C4%83tr%C3%A2n_Naval_Academy" title="Mircea cel Bătrân Naval Academy">Mircea cel Bătrân Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Military_Academy" title="Naval Military Academy">Naval Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Academy" title="Turkish Naval Academy">Turkish Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Royal_Naval_College" title="Britannia Royal Naval College">Britannia Royal Naval College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">United States Coast Guard Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">United States Merchant Marine Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">space forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force_Academy" title="Royal Danish Air Force Academy">Royal Danish Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(Finland)" title="Air Force Academy (Finland)">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_l%27air_et_de_l%27espace" title="École de l'air et de l'espace">École de l'air et de l'espace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenfeldbruck_Air_Base" title="Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base">German Air Force Officer Training School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force_Academy" title="Hellenic Air Force Academy">Hellenic Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Aeronautica" title="Accademia Aeronautica">Accademia Aeronautica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Air_Force_Academy" title="Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy">Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force_University" title="Polish Air Force University">Polish Air Force University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force_Academy" title="Portuguese Air Force Academy">Portuguese Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Air_Force#Structure" title="Romanian Air Force">Air Force Academy 'Henri Coanda'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force_Academy" title="Turkish Air Force Academy">Turkish Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_College_Cranwell" title="Royal Air Force College Cranwell">Royal Air Force College Cranwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">United States Air Force Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Military_Academy_superintendents" title="Template:United States Military Academy superintendents"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Military_Academy_superintendents" title="Template talk:United States Military Academy superintendents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Military_Academy_superintendents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Military Academy superintendents"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Superintendents_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy" title="Superintendent of the United States Military Academy">Superintendents of the United States Military Academy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Williams_(engineer)" title="Jonathan Williams (engineer)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius_Wadsworth" title="Decius Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Williams_(engineer)" title="Jonathan Williams (engineer)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gardner_Swift" title="Joseph Gardner Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alden_Partridge" title="Alden Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer" title="Sylvanus Thayer">Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Edward_De_Russy" title="René Edward De Russy">De Russy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Delafield" title="Richard Delafield">Delafield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brewerton" title="Henry Brewerton">Brewerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Barnard" title="John G. Barnard">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Delafield" title="Richard Delafield">Delafield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Delafield" title="Richard Delafield">Delafield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Bowman" title="Alexander Hamilton Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealous_Bates_Tower" title="Zealous Bates Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Cullum" title="George Washington Cullum">Cullum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gamble_Pitcher" title="Thomas Gamble Pitcher">Pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ruger" title="Thomas H. Ruger">Ruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Otis_Howard" title="Oliver Otis Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Merritt" title="Wesley Merritt">Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke" title="John Parke">Parke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moulder_Wilson" title="John Moulder Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Herbert_Ernst" title="Oswald Herbert Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Leopold_Mills" title="Albert Leopold Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Scott" title="Hugh L. Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Barry" title="Thomas Henry Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Page_Townsley" title="Clarence Page Townsley">Townsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biddle_(United_States_Army_officer)" title="John Biddle (United States Army officer)">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Escue_Tillman" title="Samuel Escue Tillman">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Winchester_Sladen" title="Fred Winchester Sladen">Sladen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merch_Bradt_Stewart" title="Merch Bradt Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_B._Winans_(United_States_Army_officer)" title="Edwin B. Winans (United States Army officer)">Winans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ruthven_Smith" title="William Ruthven Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Durward_Connor" title="William Durward Connor">Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Leland_Benedict" title="Jay Leland Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Eichelberger" title="Robert L. Eichelberger">Eichelberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bowditch_Wilby" title="Francis Bowditch Wilby">Wilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Moore" title="Bryant Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Irving" title="Frederick Augustus Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackshear_M._Bryan" title="Blackshear M. Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_H._Davidson" title="Garrison H. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Benjamin_Lampert" title="James Benjamin Lampert">Lampert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_V._Bennett" title="Donald V. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Koster" title="Samuel W. Koster">Koster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Knowlton" title="William A. Knowlton">Knowlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bryan_Berry" title="Sidney Bryan Berry">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodpaster" title="Andrew Goodpaster">Goodpaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Warren_Scott_Jr." title="Willard Warren Scott Jr.">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Richard_Palmer" title="Dave Richard Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_D._Graves" title="Howard D. Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Christman" title="Daniel W. Christman">Christman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Lennox_Jr." title="William J. Lennox Jr.">Lennox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_L._Hagenbeck" title="Franklin L. Hagenbeck">Hagenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Huntoon" title="David H. Huntoon">Huntoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Caslen" title="Robert L. Caslen">Caslen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_A._Williams" title="Darryl A. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Gilland" title="Steven W. Gilland">Gilland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Army" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Template:US Army navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Army_navbox" title="Template talk:US Army navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Army navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Under Secretary of the Army">Under Secretary of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Army four-star generals">4-star generals</a></li> <li>3-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Army_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960">1798–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_1990_to_1999" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 1990 to 1999">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Staff_Senior_Warrant_Officer" title="Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer">Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Army" title="Sergeant Major of the Army">Sergeant Major of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components and commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army#Regular_combat_maneuver_organizations" title="United States Army">Active Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_plan_of_United_States_Army" title="Reorganization plan of United States Army">Reorganization plan of United States Army</a> </li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="United States Army Forces Command">Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Futures_Command" title="United States Army Futures Command">Futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Materiel_Command" title="United States Army Materiel Command">Materiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Training_and_Doctrine_Command" title="United States Army Training and Doctrine Command">Training and Doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa">Europe</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Pacific" title="United States Army Pacific">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_North" title="United States Army North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_South" title="United States Army South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Surface_Deployment_and_Distribution_Command" title="Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command">Surface Deployment and Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command">Space and Missile Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Cyber_Command" title="United States Army Cyber Command">Cyber Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct reporting units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_United_States_Army" title="Second United States Army">Second Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Command" title="United States Army Medical Command">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">Intelligence and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_District_of_Washington" title="United States Army Military District of Washington">Military District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Test_and_Evaluation_Command" title="United States Army Test and Evaluation Command">Test and Evaluation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve_Command" title="United States Army Reserve Command">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Acquisition_Support_Center" title="U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center">Acquisition Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Installation_Management_Command" title="United States Army Installation Management Command">Installation Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_field_armies_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of field armies of the United States Army">Field armies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_States)" title="First Army (United States)">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_North" title="United States Army North">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Army_(United_States)" title="Sixth Army (United States)">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_States)" title="Eighth Army (United States)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Army_(United_States)" title="Ninth Army (United States)">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Acquisition_Corps" title="United States Army Acquisition Corps">Acquisition Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Adjutant_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Army Adjutant General's Corps">Adjutant General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Artillery_Branch" title="Air Defense Artillery Branch">Air Defense Artillery Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch" title="Armor Branch">Armor Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Aviation_Branch" title="United States Army Aviation Branch">Aviation Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_bands" title="United States military bands">Army Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Chaplain Corps (United States Army)">Chaplain Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Corps" title="Chemical Corps">Chemical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Civil_Affairs_and_Psychological_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command">Civil Affairs Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Branch_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber Branch (United States Army)">Cyber Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Dental_Command" title="United States Army Dental Command">Dental Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Corps" title="Finance Corps">Finance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Branch_(United_States)" title="Infantry Branch (United States)">Infantry Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Office of the Inspector General of the United States Army">Inspector General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Logistics_Branch" title="United States Army Logistics Branch">Logistics Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Corps" title="United States Army Medical Corps">Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Medical Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Medical Specialist Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)">Military Intelligence Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(United_States)" title="Military Police Corps (United States)">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Nurse_Corps" title="United States Army Nurse Corps">Nurse Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="United States Army Ordnance Corps">Ordnance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_operations_(United_States)" title="Psychological operations (United States)">Psychological operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Quartermaster_Corps" title="United States Army Quartermaster Corps">Quartermaster Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Special Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Corps" title="Transportation Corps">Transportation Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Veterinary_Corps" title="United States Army Veterinary Corps">Veterinary Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Installations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_Army_installations" title="List of former United States Army installations">United States and overseas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Germany" title="List of United States Army installations in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Installations_of_the_United_States_Army_in_Japan" title="Category:Installations of the United States Army in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Kuwait" title="List of United States Army installations in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_South_Korea" title="List of United States Army installations in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Officer_Leaders_Course" title="Basic Officer Leaders Course">BOLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_Commissioning_Program" title="Early Commissioning Program">ECP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Basic_Course" title="Warrant Officer Basic Course">WOBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Warrant Officer Candidate School">WOCS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military Academy (West Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_careers" title="List of United States Army careers">MOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Army">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Badges of the United States Army">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_branch_insignia" title="United States Army branch insignia">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Army officer rank insignia">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia">Enlisted</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia_of_World_War_I" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia_of_World_War_II" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Uniforms of the United States Army">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of equipment of the United States Army">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Individual weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crew-served_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Crew-served weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_vehicles_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of land vehicles of the U.S. Armed Forces">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_premier_ensembles" title="List of United States military premier ensembles">Premier ensembles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Field_Band" title="United States Army Field Band">Army Field Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Band" title="United States Army Band">Army Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Guard_Fife_and_Drum_Corps" title="Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps">Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Band" title="West Point Band">West Point Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army" title="History of the United States Army">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Union army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army#World_War_I" title="History of the United States Army">National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Institute_of_Heraldry" title="United States Army Institute of Heraldry">Institute of Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Army" title="America's Army">America's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Art_Program" title="United States Army Art Program">Army Art Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Flag of the United States Army">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Army" title="National Museum of the United States Army">National Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#West_Point_Museum">West Point Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Regimental_System" title="U.S. Army Regimental System">U.S. Army Regimental System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Creed" title="Soldier's Creed">Soldier's Creed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Army_Goes_Rolling_Along" title="The Army Goes Rolling Along">The Army Goes Rolling Along</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_United_States_Army_divisions" title="List of nicknames of United States Army divisions">Division nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Army)" title="Service number (United States Army)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra">Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">Army Service Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps" title="Women's Army Corps">Women's Army Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cavalry" title="United States Cavalry">U.S. Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Hospital_Corps" title="United States Army Hospital Corps">United States Army Hospital Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army" title="Category:United States Army">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>A = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></dd> <dd>MC = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></dd> <dd>N = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></dd> <dd>AF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></dd> <dd>SF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></dd> <dd>CG = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Vice Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Committees on Armed Services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_four-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States four-star officers">Active duty four-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_three-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States three-star officers">Active duty three-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_seniority" title="United States military seniority">United States military seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldwater%E2%80%93Nichols_Act" title="Goldwater–Nichols Act">Goldwater–Nichols Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_components_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="List of components of the U.S. Department of Defense">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service branches and heads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Space_Operations" title="Chief of Space Operations">Chief of Space Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant of the Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Reserve components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Reserves: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Reserve" title="United States Coast Guard Reserve">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">AF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Civilian auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Auxiliary_Radio_System" title="Military Auxiliary Radio System">Military Auxiliary Radio System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Cyber_Auxiliary" title="Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary">Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">Merchant Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary" title="United States Coast Guard Auxiliary">Coast Guard Auxiliary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Indo-Pacific_Command" title="United States Indo-Pacific Command">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Northern_Command" title="United States Northern Command">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" title="United States Cyber Command">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Transportation_Command" title="United States Transportation Command">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">Title 50</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">Installations</a></li> <li>Units: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:Units and formations of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Organization of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military logistics of the United States">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_of_the_military_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Mass media of the military of the United States">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Armed_Forces_unit_mottoes" title="List of United States Armed Forces unit mottoes">Unit mottoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operations and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_deployments" title="United States military deployments">Current deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">Conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_civil_affairs_in_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces">Civil affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army" title="History of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="History of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="History of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="History of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="History of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By ancestry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Asian_Americans" title="Military history of Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhists_in_the_United_States_military" title="Buddhists in the United States military">Buddhist Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Jewish_Americans" title="Military history of Jewish Americans">Jewish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims_in_the_United_States_military" title="Muslims in the United States military">Muslim Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">Sikh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Hispanic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Hispanic Americans">Hispanic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hispanics in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Hispanics in the United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Hispanics in the United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Navy" title="Hispanics in the United States Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Naval_Academy" title="Hispanics in the United States Naval Academy">Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_History_Division" title="United States Marine Corps History Division">Marine Corps History Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Air Force Historical Research Agency">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/American_official_war_artists" title="American official war artists">War artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Art_Program" title="United States Army Art Program">Army Art Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Art_Program" title="United States Air Force Art Program">Air Force Art Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">Service academies</a>: <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Military Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">MC/N</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="Naval Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">AF/SF</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Air Force Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">Merchant Marine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Reserve_Officers_Training_Corps" title="Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Officer candidate/training school: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Navy)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officer</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Warrant Officer Candidate School">A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Entrance_Processing_Command" title="United States Military Entrance Processing Command">MEPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">ASVAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Basic_School" title="The Basic School">The Basic School</a> (MC)</li> <li>Enlisted recruit training: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Recruit_Training" title="United States Marine Corps Recruit Training">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_Training_Command,_Great_Lakes,_Illinois" title="Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Training_Center_Cape_May" title="United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_education_and_training_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Military education and training in the United States">Other education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Uniforms of the United States Armed Forces">Uniforms</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Uniforms of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Uniforms of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces">Awards & decorations</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-service_awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Inter-service awards and decorations of the United States military">Inter-service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Navy">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorized_foreign_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Authorized foreign decorations of the United States military">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_military_decoration_authorized_by_the_US_military" class="mw-redirect" title="International military decoration authorized by the US military">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_award_devices" title="United States military award devices">Devices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_badges_of_the_United_States" title="Military badges of the United States">Badges</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identification_badges_of_the_uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States">Identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Badges of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Badges of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Badges of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Badges of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Badges of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">Ranks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Officer: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Army officer rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Navy officer rank insignia">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officers</a></li> <li>Enlisted: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_enlisted_rates" title="List of United States Navy enlisted rates">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_enlisted_ranks" title="List of United States Coast Guard enlisted ranks">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Oath: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces_oath_of_enlistment" title="United States Armed Forces oath of enlistment">Enlistment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Uniformed_Services_Oath_of_Office" title="United States Uniformed Services Oath of Office">Officer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Creeds & Codes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_the_United_States_Fighting_Force" title="Code of the United States Fighting Force">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noncommissioned_officer%27s_creed" title="Noncommissioned officer's creed">NCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Creed" title="Soldier's Creed">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman%27s_Creed" title="Rifleman's Creed">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor%27s_Creed" title="Sailor's Creed">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guardsman" title="Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Armed_Forces)" title="Service number (United States Armed Forces)">Service numbers</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Army)" title="Service number (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Service number (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Navy)" title="Service number (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Coast_Guard)" title="Service number (United States Coast Guard)">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_occupation_code" title="United States military occupation code">Military Occupational Specialty</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ratings" title="List of United States Navy ratings">Rating</a>/<a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Air Force Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_pay" title="United States military pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Health_System" title="Military Health System">Military Health System</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tricare" title="Tricare">Tricare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_(United_States_military)" title="Separation (United States military)">Separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States" title="Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States">Chiefs of Chaplains</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="List of equipment of the United States Armed Forces">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of equipment of the United States Army">A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Nomenclature_System" title="Army Nomenclature System">Designations</a>)</li> <li>MC: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps">vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps">weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_individual_equipment" title="List of United States Marine Corps individual equipment">other</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of equipment of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="List of equipment of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Individual weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crew-served_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Crew-served weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_vehicles_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of land vehicles of the U.S. Armed Forces">Vehicles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_land_vehicles" title="List of currently active United States military land vehicles">active</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Sea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_watercraft" title="List of currently active United States military watercraft">All watercraft</a></li> <li>Ships: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of ships of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ships" title="List of United States Navy ships">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy#Future_ships" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of ships of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_cutters" title="List of United States Coast Guard cutters">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Military_Sealift_Command_ships" title="List of Military Sealift Command ships">MSC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Weapons: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_weapons" title="List of United States Navy weapons">N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_naval_reactors" title="United States naval reactors">Reactors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="Lists of military aircraft of the United States">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_undesignated_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of undesignated military aircraft of the United States">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_United_States_military_aircraft" title="List of active United States military aircraft">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_future_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of future military aircraft of the United States">future</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="United States military aircraft designation systems">Aircraft designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._helicopter_armament_subsystems" title="U.S. helicopter armament subsystems">Helicopter arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army_during_World_War_II" title="List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II">WWII equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_football" title="Nuclear football">Nuclear football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="List of military electronics of the United States">Electronics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System" title="Joint Electronics Type Designation System">designations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Flags of the United States Armed Forces">Flags</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Flag of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Flag of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Flag of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Flag of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Flag of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_of_the_United_States" title="Ensign of the United States">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_the_United_States" title="Jack of the United States">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidon_(United_States)" title="Guidon (United States)">Guidons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_ration" title="United States military ration">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United States and weapons of mass destruction">WMDs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_biological_weapons_program" title="United States biological weapons program">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._chemical_weapons_topics" title="List of U.S. chemical weapons topics">Chemical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military of the United States">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army" title="Category:United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy" title="Category:United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Category:United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> Navboxes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Template:US Army navbox">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Template:US Marine Corps navbox">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Navy_navbox" title="Template:US Navy navbox">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Space_Force" title="Template:United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Coast_Guard_navbox" title="Template:US Coast Guard navbox">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Atlantic_Hockey_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Atlantic_Hockey_America" title="Template:Atlantic Hockey America"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Atlantic_Hockey_America" title="Template talk:Atlantic Hockey America"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Atlantic_Hockey_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Atlantic Hockey America"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Atlantic_Hockey_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Hockey_America" title="Atlantic Hockey America">Atlantic Hockey America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Falcons" title="Air Force Falcons">Air Force Falcons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Falcons_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Air Force Falcons men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Yellow_Jackets" title="American International Yellow Jackets">American International Yellow Jackets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Yellow_Jackets_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="American International Yellow Jackets men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights" title="Army Black Knights">Army Black Knights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Army Black Knights men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Falcons" title="Bentley Falcons">Bentley Falcons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Falcons_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Bentley Falcons men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canisius_Golden_Griffins" title="Canisius Golden Griffins">Canisius Golden Griffins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canisius_Golden_Griffins_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Canisius Golden Griffins men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Crusaders" title="Holy Cross Crusaders">Holy Cross Crusaders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Crusaders_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Holy Cross Crusaders men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindenwood_Lions" title="Lindenwood Lions">Lindenwood Lions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindenwood_Lady_Lions_ice_hockey" title="Lindenwood Lady Lions ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercyhurst_Lakers" title="Mercyhurst Lakers">Mercyhurst Lakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercyhurst_Lakers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Mercyhurst Lakers men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercyhurst_Lakers_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Purple_Eagles" title="Niagara Purple Eagles">Niagara Purple Eagles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Purple_Eagles_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Niagara Purple Eagles men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions" title="Penn State Nittany Lions">Penn State Nittany Lions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Penn State Nittany Lions women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIT_Tigers" title="RIT Tigers">RIT Tigers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RIT_Tigers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="RIT Tigers men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIT_Tigers_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="RIT Tigers women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_Colonials" title="Robert Morris Colonials">Robert Morris Colonials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_Colonials_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Robert Morris Colonials men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_Colonials_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Robert Morris Colonials women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Pioneers" title="Sacred Heart Pioneers">Sacred Heart Pioneers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Pioneers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Sacred Heart Pioneers men's ice hockey">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Orange" title="Syracuse Orange">Syracuse Orange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Orange_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Syracuse Orange women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;;width:1%">Future teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Fightin%27_Blue_Hens" title="Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens">Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Fightin%27_Blue_Hens_women%27s_ice_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens women's ice hockey">women</a>, joining in 2025</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Ice_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadet Ice Arena">Cadet Ice Arena</a> (Air Force)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MassMutual_Center" title="MassMutual Center">MassMutual Center</a> (American International)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Rink" title="Tate Rink">Tate Rink</a> (Army)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Arena" title="Bentley Arena">Bentley Arena</a> (Bentley)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LECOM_Harborcenter" title="LECOM Harborcenter">LECOM Harborcenter</a> (Canisius)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart Center">Hart Center</a> (Holy Cross)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centene_Community_Ice_Center" title="Centene Community Ice Center">Centene Community Ice Center</a> (Lindenwood)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercyhurst_Ice_Center" title="Mercyhurst Ice Center">Mercyhurst Ice Center</a> (Mercyhurst)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwyer_Arena" title="Dwyer Arena">Dwyer Arena</a> (Niagara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegula_Ice_Arena" title="Pegula Ice Arena">Pegula Ice Arena</a> (Penn State)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Polisseni_Center" title="Gene Polisseni Center">Gene Polisseni Center</a> (RIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearview_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Clearview Arena">Clearview Arena</a> (Robert Morris)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martire_Family_Arena" title="Martire Family Arena">Martire Family Arena</a> (Sacred Heart)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennity_Ice_Skating_Pavilion" title="Tennity Ice Skating Pavilion">Tennity Ice Skating Pavilion</a> (Syracuse)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;;width:1%">Future venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rust_Ice_Arena" title="Fred Rust Ice Arena">Fred Rust Ice Arena</a> (Delaware)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;;width:1%">Men's seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Atlantic_Hockey_America_men%27s_season" title="2024–25 Atlantic Hockey America men's season">2024–25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;;width:1%">Women's seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2024%E2%80%9325_Atlantic_Hockey_America_women%27s_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024–25 Atlantic Hockey America women's season (page does not exist)">2024–25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;;width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Hockey" title="Atlantic Hockey">Atlantic Hockey Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Hockey_America" title="College Hockey America">College Hockey America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#131f69;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b18837, inset -2px -2px 0 #b18837;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Hockey_America#Champions" title="Atlantic Hockey America">List of champions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_installations_in_New_York" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NYMilitary" title="Template:NYMilitary"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NYMilitary" title="Template talk:NYMilitary"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NYMilitary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NYMilitary"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_installations_in_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_installations" class="mw-redirect" title="Military installations">Military installations</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fort</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Drum" title="Fort Drum">Fort Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton" title="Fort Hamilton">Fort Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service Academy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Military Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Airfield</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler-Sack_Army_Airfield" title="Wheeler-Sack Army Airfield">Wheeler-Sack Army Airfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">National Guard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Smith_(New_York)" title="Camp Smith (New York)">Camp Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Armory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watervliet_Arsenal" title="Watervliet Arsenal">Watervliet Arsenal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/85px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/128px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/170px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Support_Activity" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Support Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Support_Activity_Saratoga_Springs" title="Naval Support Activity Saratoga Springs">Saratoga Springs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air National Guard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_S._Gabreski_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Francis S. Gabreski Air National Guard Base">Francis Gabreski ANGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Hancock Field Air National Guard Base">Hancock Field ANGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Stewart Air National Guard Base">Stewart ANGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratton_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratton Air National Guard Base">Stratton ANGB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Reserve Station</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_Air_Reserve_Station" title="Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station">Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Station" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Station</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Station_Eatons_Neck" title="Coast Guard Station Eatons Neck">Eatons Neck</a></li> <li>Fire Island</li> <li>Jones Beach</li> <li>Kings Point</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Station_Montauk" title="Coast Guard Station Montauk">Montauk</a></li> <li>New York</li> <li>Shinnecock</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9219#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9219#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9219#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122872270">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133396889">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79074300">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12329538m">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12329538m">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050506055&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269137105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/242b1015-a8fe-4bce-a56f-af57c45e2aac">MusicBrainz place</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1107521">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032222998">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10048584">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&oldid=1254998293">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Military_Academy&oldid=1254998293</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Military_Academy" title="Category:United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1802_establishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1802 establishments in New York (state)">1802 establishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Educational_institutions_established_in_1802" title="Category:Educational institutions established in 1802">Educational institutions established in 1802</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Forts in New York (state)">Forts in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)">Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_Civil_Engineering_Landmarks" title="Category:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks">Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_academies" title="Category:Military academies">Military academies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_academies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military academies of the United States">Military academies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_and_war_museums_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Military and war museums in New York (state)">Military and war museums in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)">National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_(state)_in_the_American_Revolution" 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