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<span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hydria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hydria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalpis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalpis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kalpis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalpis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadra_hydria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadra_hydria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hadra hydria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadra_hydria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronze_hydria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_hydria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bronze hydria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_hydria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Manufacturing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neck/mouth/lip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neck/mouth/lip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Neck/mouth/lip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neck/mouth/lip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Joining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Turning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Foot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Handles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronze_hydriai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_hydriai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Bronze hydriai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_hydriai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contribution_and_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contribution_and_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Contribution and examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contribution_and_examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contribution and examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contribution_and_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caputi_hydria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caputi_hydria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Caputi hydria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caputi_hydria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inscribed_hadra_hydria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscribed_hadra_hydria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Inscribed hadra hydria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscribed_hadra_hydria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Friedlaender_hydria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Friedlaender_hydria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>The Friedlaender hydria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Friedlaender_hydria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="হাইড্রিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইড্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гідрыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гідрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хидрия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хидрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADdria" title="Hídria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hídria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гидрия – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гидрия" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCdria" title="Hüdria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüdria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF)" title="Υδρία (αγγείο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδρία (αγγείο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidria" title="Hidria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidria" title="Hidria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hidria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrie" title="Hydrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrija" title="Hidrija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hidrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCdria" title="Hüdria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hüdria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хидрија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хидрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria_(aardewerk)" title="Hydria (aardewerk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hydria (aardewerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="ヒュドリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒュドリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADdria" title="Hídria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hídria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гидрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrija_(posoda)" title="Hidrija (posoda) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hidrija (posoda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хидрија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хидрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hydria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidria" title="Hidria – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hidria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гідрія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гідрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q745783#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the moth genus, see <a href="/wiki/Hydria_(moth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydria (moth)">Hydria (moth)</a>. For the town of ancient Paros, see <a href="/wiki/Hydria_(Paros)" title="Hydria (Paros)">Hydria (Paros)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kalpis" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Calpis" title="Calpis">Calpis</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Hydria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydria_Hermonax_Rhodes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hydria_Hermonax_Rhodes.jpg/250px-Hydria_Hermonax_Rhodes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hydria_Hermonax_Rhodes.jpg/330px-Hydria_Hermonax_Rhodes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hydria_Hermonax_Rhodes.jpg/500px-Hydria_Hermonax_Rhodes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A hydria, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 470–450</span> BC</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Material</th><td class="infobox-data">Ceramic and bronze</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">Medium-volume container varying from 25cm to 50 cm, able to be carried by one or more people.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Writing</th><td class="infobox-data">Painters would sometimes inscribe their name onto the hydria.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Symbols</th><td class="infobox-data">Mythological stories were often painted onto the hydria, as well as scenes of daily life, such as the collection of water.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometric period">Geometric period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaic_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic stage">archaic period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical period</a> <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Discovered</th><td class="infobox-data">19th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Culture</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydria_Python_Louvre_K287.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hydria_Python_Louvre_K287.jpg/220px-Hydria_Python_Louvre_K287.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hydria_Python_Louvre_K287.jpg/330px-Hydria_Python_Louvre_K287.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hydria_Python_Louvre_K287.jpg/440px-Hydria_Python_Louvre_K287.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a> hydria, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 360–350</span> BC, from <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a>; the vertical handle used for pouring is located on the opposite side (Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydria_with_a_siren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hydria_with_a_siren.jpg/220px-Hydria_with_a_siren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hydria_with_a_siren.jpg/330px-Hydria_with_a_siren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hydria_with_a_siren.jpg/440px-Hydria_with_a_siren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Bronze hydria / kalpis with <a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">siren</a> handle attachment, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 460–450</span> BC, housed in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vassil_Bojkov_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vassil Bojkov Collection (page does not exist)">Vassil Bojkov Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>hydria</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ὑδρία</span>; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <b>hydriai</b>) is a form of Greek pottery from between the <a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">late Geometric period</a> (7th century BC) and the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> (3rd century BC).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The etymology of the word hydria was first noted when it was stamped on a hydria itself, its direct translation meaning 'jug'.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a type of water-carrying vessel, but it had many other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As time progressed the hydria developed into many forms, some of which were smaller or of a different material. These variants were decorated with detailed figures to represent Greek mythological stories, as well as scenes of daily life, providing extensive insight into <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of ancient Greece">Ancient Greek culture</a> and society. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, the hydria's purpose was for the collection of water, but it also held oil and the votes of judges.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design of the hydria allowed for the efficient collecting and pouring of liquids as it possessed three handles: two horizontal ones at its sides and a vertical one on its back.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shape of the hydria was altered in the 5th century BC from having a wide body and broadly rounded shoulders, to a design that incorporated flatter shoulders that met the body at an angle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done to ease the task of carrying water to and from the home and places of gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vessel itself could be carried, and the vertical handle allowed the person to pour it easily, which aided in tasks such as diluting wine in a <i><a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">krater</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hydria also acted as a funerary <a href="/wiki/Urn" title="Urn">urn</a> containing ashes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This function was primarily associated with the hadra hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The funerary ceremony was conducted by a royal official who recorded the name of the deceased, their origin, the date of burial and a general <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscription</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> hydria acted as a prize in <a href="/wiki/Tournament" title="Tournament">tournaments</a> and competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is evident from the painted scenes on vases that illustrate victors carrying a hydria as a reward and inscriptions that identified the bronze hydria as a prize.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high value of a bronze hydria meant it could also function as a dedication to <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydria.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Hydria.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Earliest design of the hydria</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydria">Hydria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hydria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest form of the hydria was a large, round shouldered, full-bodied vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shape was commonly used for <a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">black-figure pottery</a> during the 6th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its characteristics included a well-delineated shoulder, an articulated neck and an overhanging ring-shaped (<a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a>) lip.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hydria was manufactured with three handles: two horizontal ones at its sides and a vertical one on its back.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ranged from 33 cm to 50 cm in height and it was glossed on the outside and not on the inside.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalpis.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Kalpis.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Typical design of the kalpis, a shorter variant of the hydria </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalpis">Kalpis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kalpis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kalpis became popular during the 5th century BC and became the preferred vessel of choice for <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figure</a> painters.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kalpis differed from the hydria as it was typically smaller in size, ranging from 25 cm to 42 cm,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its body, shoulder and neck had a continuous curve.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another term associated with a small hydria is hydriske (also called <b>hydriskos</b>, plural <b>hydriskai</b>) which is a diminutive for small hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its vertical handle was cylindrical, attached at the lip rather than the rim, and possessed an in-curved rim compared to the torus lip of the earlier hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadra_hydria">Hadra hydria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hadra hydria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This style developed during the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consisted of a wide squat neck, low pedestal and flaring base.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than being cylindrical, the hadra hydria's vertical handle was ribbed and its side handles were gently curved.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were named hadra hydria after the suburb "Hadra" in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, where they were first discovered in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were two sub-classes of hadra hydria, one categorised by a thick layer of <a href="/wiki/Whitewash" title="Whitewash">whitewash</a> applied for <a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychrome</a> decoration, a feature that is absent from the other forms of the hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were produced in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and intended to reside in <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tombs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second class of hadra hydria are named "Clay Ground".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These differed from whitewashed hadra hydria as they used dark brown or black paint for decoration, which was directly applied to the vessel's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Clay Ground" hadra hydria were produced in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> rather than Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_hydria">Bronze hydria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bronze hydria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Developed from the 4th century BC onwards, the bronze hydria was a prized form of the hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a shallow neck and a capacious body.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was highly polished and was often decorated with <a href="/wiki/Inlay" title="Inlay">silver inlays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bronze hydria were also decorated with objects and patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, one bronze hydria depicted <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other forms of the hydria, the bronze hydria had a lid, highlighted from the traces of <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a> and the presence of rivet holes found on its rim.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having a lid meant the bronze hydria could act as a funerary urn.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are over three hundred and thirty bronze hydria known, including both complete and incomplete vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_pottery_terms" title="Glossary of pottery terms">Glossary of pottery terms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body">Body</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The process began by "throwing" (from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word <i>thrownاا</i> which means to twist or turn,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) the body of the hydria on a <a href="/wiki/Potter%27s_wheel" title="Potter's wheel">potter's wheel</a>, starting with a large ball of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This clay ball would be formed into a tall cylinder and then expanded outwards through the use of the potter's hands.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With one hand on the outside and one on the inside, the potter's hands would press together and form the upward curve of the hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the shoulder level, the potter would smooth the clay inwards, forming the base of the neck.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shoulder was then smoothed out with a <a href="/wiki/Rib_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Rib tool">rib tool</a> to remove any throwing <a href="/wiki/Striation_(fatigue)" title="Striation (fatigue)">striations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The body was then cut off the potter's wheel and set aside to harden.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neck/mouth/lip"><span id="Neck.2Fmouth.2Flip"></span>Neck/mouth/lip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Neck/mouth/lip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The neck, mouth and lip were thrown right side up, through a similar process of expanding a smaller lump of clay which was then thinned out and shaped.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once a short cylinder was formed, the clay was then angled outward to form the lip of the hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lip was rounded with a sponge and the neck, mouth and lip were cut off the wheel and left to harden.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the neck <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphora</a>, the neck walls of the hydria were also tapered, starting thicker at the base and becoming thinner towards to lip.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joining">Joining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Joining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the body and neck had dried, they had to be joined. This was completed through the application of a <a href="/wiki/Slip_(ceramics)" title="Slip (ceramics)">slip</a> between the shoulder and the neck.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The potter would place his hand inside the hydria where the shoulder joined the neck and apply the slip which bonded both the neck and the shoulder.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The joining was smoothed out to remove any signing that the sections had been joined.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turning">Turning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Turning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the vessel had dried to a <a href="/wiki/Leather-hard" title="Leather-hard">leather hard</a> stage, the potter inverted the hydria and began to turn it to form its base into its <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_arch" title="Parabolic arch">parabolic shape</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foot">Foot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Foot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The foot was thrown upside down, through a small ball of clay which was spread outwards.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The potter would use his thumbs to shape the walls of the foot whilst using his fingers to round the edge of the foot, giving it a <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">Torus</a> shape.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was cut off the potter's wheel and left to dry.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once dried, it was attached to the rest of the hydria through the application of a slip.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handles">Handles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Handles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The hydria has three handles, two horizontal ones at its sides and a vertical one on its back.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The horizontal handles were pulled from balls of clay which were then attached below the shoulder on the hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The handles were cylindrical and upturned. The vertical handle was also pulled from a ball of clay but it was centre-ridged and oval shaped.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was attached at the lip and shoulder of the hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The handles were then <a href="/wiki/Burnishing_(pottery)" title="Burnishing (pottery)">burnished</a> by hand rather than on the potter's wheel.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_hydriai">Bronze hydriai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bronze hydriai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning with two sheets of bronze, the thin walls of the bronze hydria are hammered and shaped.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bronze hydrias with a pronounced shoulder were hammered in two parts.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First, a metal disk was shaped to form a neck.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, a tube flaring at both ends was welded to where the shoulder met the neck of the hydria.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other parts of the hydria; the foot, handles and mouth were not hammered, but instead cast and attached through <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a> or <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For its decoration, the bronze hydria was polished, as it created a bright sheen and lustre, but silver inlays were also used for its decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its handles were sometimes decorated with patterns or objects, such as <a href="/wiki/Palmette" title="Palmette">palmettes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contribution_and_examples">Contribution and examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Contribution and examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic art</a></div><p>The contribution of the hydria is displayed through its decoration and <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscriptions</a>. Its decoration often depicted mythological stories and scenes of daily life. The inscriptions provide information such as the potter's name, date and purpose of the hydria. Inscriptions can increase scholarly understanding of Ancient Greek culture, and its development over time, as well as help create a chronological timeline of the development of pottery in Ancient Greece. Decorations can also highlight the particular use of the hydria. For example, bronze hydrias decorated with figures relating to love were gifts to brides, whilst those decorated with Dionysus, were used by men at gala dinner parties.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caputi_hydria">Caputi hydria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Caputi hydria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Caputi hydria provides insight into the role of working women in classical Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the lack of written sources surrounding working women in Athens during the 5th century BC, it was noted that women in trades were non-existent and confined to household duties.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Caputi hydria depicts women decorating a vase in a pottery workshop, although scholars have debated whether it was a metal workshop.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notwithstanding the academic debate, scholars such as <a href="/wiki/G._M._A._Richter" class="mw-redirect" title="G. M. A. Richter">G. M. A. Richter</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._D._Beazley" class="mw-redirect" title="J. D. Beazley">J. D. Beazley</a> agree this proved the existence of female painters, and women in trades.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red-figure_hydria_with_Poseidon,_Amymone,_Eros_and_Satyr_(4th_cent._B.C.)_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_11_September_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Red-figure_hydria_with_Poseidon%2C_Amymone%2C_Eros_and_Satyr_%284th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_11_September_2018.jpg/220px-Red-figure_hydria_with_Poseidon%2C_Amymone%2C_Eros_and_Satyr_%284th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_11_September_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Red-figure_hydria_with_Poseidon%2C_Amymone%2C_Eros_and_Satyr_%284th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_11_September_2018.jpg/330px-Red-figure_hydria_with_Poseidon%2C_Amymone%2C_Eros_and_Satyr_%284th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_11_September_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Red-figure_hydria_with_Poseidon%2C_Amymone%2C_Eros_and_Satyr_%284th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_11_September_2018.jpg/440px-Red-figure_hydria_with_Poseidon%2C_Amymone%2C_Eros_and_Satyr_%284th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_11_September_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Hydria. <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amymone" title="Amymone">Amymone</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a> between them. The presence of a <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyr</a> behind Amymone suggests that the scene was probably inspired by a <a href="/wiki/Satyr_play" title="Satyr play">satyr play</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Atalanti" title="Atalanti">Atalanti</a>. By the Hippolytos Painter. 375–350 BC.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inscribed_hadra_hydria">Inscribed hadra hydria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Inscribed hadra hydria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inscriptions noted on several hadra hydria in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> contain the names of artists, potters, important historical figures and dates.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These inscriptions are important as they provide contextual information that helps to establish the date of the pottery which contributes to its chronological timeline.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important figures that existed during that time are also highlighted which can fill information that written sources cannot provide.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, on one hadra hydria, the inscription translates to "Year 9; Sotion son of Kleon of Delphi, Member of the Sacred Embassy announcing the Soteria; by Theodotos, agorastes".<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this inscription, a date can be approximated, which was 212 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> insight into the political offices that existed is also provided, as well as the names of government officials.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Friedlaender_hydria">The Friedlaender hydria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The Friedlaender hydria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_deities" title="List of Greek deities">List of Greek deities</a></div> <p>This 6th century <a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">black-figure</a> hydria is decorated with multiple mythological reliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the body of the hydria, it shows <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a> struggle with the <a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a> (otherwise known as <a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Old_Man_of_the_Sea" title="Old Man of the Sea">Old Man of the Sea</a>) with <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a> watching on the side.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two more figures reside on the left of Hercules, identified as <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, longtime companions of Hercules.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On its shoulder, five figures are about to engage in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central figure of the five is a herald, whilst the figures on either side are dressed with <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_helmet" title="Corinthian helmet">Corinthian helmets</a> and armour, holding <a href="/wiki/Boeotian_shield" title="Boeotian shield">Boeotian shields</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shoulder relief is reflecting the mythological battle between <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a> that occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central figure represents the herald Idaios, who tries to interrupt the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reliefs on the Friedlaender hydria and its shape help to place it chronologically in the 6th century BC and establish a timeline for different series of hydrias.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquamanile" title="Aquamanile">Aquamanile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olla" title="Olla">Olla</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydriai" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hydriai">Hydriai</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHemingway" class="citation web cs1">Hemingway, Colette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gkhy/hd_gkhy.htm">"Greek Hydriai (Water Jars) and Their Artistic Decoration"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Greek+Hydriai+%28Water+Jars%29+and+Their+Artistic+Decoration&rft.aulast=Hemingway&rft.aufirst=Colette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fgkhy%2Fhd_gkhy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBirch1873" class="citation book cs1">Birch, Samuel (1873). <i>History of Ancient Pottery... Illustrated with coloured plates and numerous engravings</i>. J. Murray. pp. <span class="nowrap">80–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1358252">1358252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Ancient+Pottery...+Illustrated+with+coloured+plates+and+numerous+engravings&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1873&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1358252&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark2002" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Andrew (2002). <i>Understanding Greek vases : a guide to terms, styles, and techniques</i>. Elston, Maya., Hart, Mary Louise. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. pp. <span class="nowrap">114–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-599-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-599-9"><bdi>978-0-89236-599-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48131752">48131752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Greek+vases+%3A+a+guide+to+terms%2C+styles%2C+and+techniques&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.pub=J.+Paul+Getty+Museum&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48131752&rft.isbn=978-0-89236-599-9&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlanshard2015" class="citation book cs1">Blanshard, Alastair (2015). <i>Classical World: All That Matters</i>. 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(1983). "Three Hadra Hydriae in the Merseyside County Museums". <i>Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies</i>. <b>30</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">123–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2041-5370.1983.tb00441.x">10.1111/j.2041-5370.1983.tb00441.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0076-0730">0076-0730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Institute+of+Classical+Studies&rft.atitle=Three+Hadra+Hydriae+in+the+Merseyside+County+Museums&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E123-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2041-5370.1983.tb00441.x&rft.issn=0076-0730&rft.aulast=Callaghan&rft.aufirst=P.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Bothmer1974" class="citation journal cs1">von Bothmer, Dietrich (1974). 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J. Paul Getty Museum. Malibu, Calif.: J. Paul Getty Museum. pp. <span class="nowrap">114–</span>125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89236-465-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89236-465-3"><bdi>0-89236-465-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38179875">38179875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athenian+vase+construction+%3A+a+potter%27s+analysis&rft.place=Malibu%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.pub=J.+Paul+Getty+Museum&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38179875&rft.isbn=0-89236-465-3&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTzachou-Alexandri2002" class="citation journal cs1">Tzachou-Alexandri, Olga E. 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New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). pp. <span class="nowrap">20–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747044">747044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscribed+Hadra+vases+in+the+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F747044&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Brian+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPedley1970" class="citation journal cs1">Pedley, John Griffiths (1970). "The Friedlaender Hydria". <i>Harvard Studies in Classical Philology</i>. <b>74</b>: <span class="nowrap">45–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F310997">10.2307/310997</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0073-0688">0073-0688</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/310997">310997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Studies+in+Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=The+Friedlaender+Hydria&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=1970&rft.issn=0073-0688&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F310997%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F310997&rft.aulast=Pedley&rft.aufirst=John+Griffiths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antike-tischkultur.de/griechischekeramikhydria.html">Galleries of Greek hydriai (German)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/249994">Glass hydriske at the Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/45750">Glass hydriske at the Art Institute of Chicago</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classes.toledomuseum.org:8080/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/174/491/title-desc;jsessionid=1B439239945E977B314C2728F868D330?t:state:flow=cf4e0c31-4899-4857-8831-bfe507ca0a3b">Glass hydriske at the Toledo Museum of Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023258/http://classes.toledomuseum.org:8080/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/174/491/title-desc;jsessionid=1B439239945E977B314C2728F868D330?t:state:flow=cf4e0c31-4899-4857-8831-bfe507ca0a3b">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wine vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotyla" title="Cotyla">Kotyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">Kantharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkhesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkhesion">Karkhesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyathos" title="Kyathos">Kyathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylix" title="Kylix">Kylix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakaina" title="Lakaina">Lakaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastos" title="Mastos">Mastos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenochoe" title="Oenochoe">Oenochoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelike" title="Pelike">Pelike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psykter" title="Psykter">Psykter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">Rhyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyphos" title="Skyphos">Skyphos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hydria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydriske" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydriske">Hydriske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpis_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalpis (pottery)">Kalpis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixing vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinos" title="Dinos">Dinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">Krater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cookware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olla_(Roman_pot)" title="Olla (Roman pot)">Chytra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes" title="Lebes">Lebes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tableware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_plate" title="Fish plate">Pinakion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perfume, oil, and wedding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabastron" title="Alabastron">Alabastron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryballos" title="Aryballos">Aryballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askos_(pottery_vessel)" title="Askos (pottery vessel)">Askos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes_Gamikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebes Gamikos">Lebes Gamikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">Lekythos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutrophoros" title="Loutrophoros">Loutrophoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydion" title="Lydion">Lydion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelike" title="Pelike">Pelike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyxis_(vessel)" title="Pyxis (vessel)">Pyxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirrup_jar" title="Stirrup jar">Stirrup jar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funerary and religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernos" title="Kernos">Kernos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">Lekythos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutrophoros" title="Loutrophoros">Loutrophoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patera" title="Patera">Phiale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calathus_(basket)" title="Calathus (basket)">Calathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olla_(Roman_pot)" title="Olla (Roman pot)">Chytra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes" title="Lebes">Lebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelike" title="Pelike">Pelike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithos" title="Pithos">Pithos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situla" title="Situla">Situla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamnos" title="Stamnos">Stamnos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_skyphos" title="Band skyphos">Band skyphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinetron" title="Epinetron">Epinetron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">Luchnos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydria&oldid=1271021350">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydria&oldid=1271021350</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Storage_vessels" title="Category:Storage vessels">Storage vessels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_pot_shapes" title="Category:Ancient Greek pot shapes">Ancient 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