CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/","20190302095532","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1551520532"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Kamusi ya Kiswahili | Oxford Living Dictionaries</title> <meta name="description" content="Tafuta na ugundue maelfu ya maneno na ufafanuzi katika lugha ya Kiswahili ukitumia Kiswahili Living Dictionary – sehemu ya mpango wa Kimataifa wa Lugha wa Oxford"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Kiswahili, kamusi ya Kiswahili, kamusi ya lugha mbili, kamusi ya mtandaoni, vidokezo muhimu, mwongozo, uandishi bora, tahajia, sarufi, ufafanuzi, kisawe, visawe, matamshi ya sauti, sauti, matumizi ya Kiswahili, kinyume, vinyume, miongozo muhimu"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Kamusi ya Kiswahili | Oxford Living Dictionaries"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Tafuta na ugundue maelfu ya maneno na ufafanuzi katika lugha ya Kiswahili ukitumia Kiswahili Living Dictionary – sehemu ya mpango wa Kimataifa wa Lugha wa Oxford"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@OxfordWords"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/og_faces.jpg"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Kamusi ya Kiswahili | Oxford Living Dictionaries"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Tafuta na ugundue maelfu ya maneno na ufafanuzi katika lugha ya Kiswahili ukitumia Kiswahili Living Dictionary – sehemu ya mpango wa Kimataifa wa Lugha wa Oxford"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Oxford Dictionaries | Kiswahili"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/og_faces.jpg"/><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"4df5d40850","applicationID":"9160590","transactionName":"cAlZFxRYCV9cFx9HUlQDREwOWAhW","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":82,"agent":""}</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(e,n,t){function r(t){if(!n[t]){var o=n[t]={exports:{}};e[t][0].call(o.exports,function(n){var o=e[t][1][n];return r(o||n)},o,o.exports)}return n[t].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<t.length;o++)r(t[o]);return r}({1:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function o(e,n,t){return function(){return i(e,[c.now()].concat(u(arguments)),n?null:this,t),n?void 0:this}}var i=e("handle"),a=e(3),u=e(4),f=e("ee").get("tracer"),c=e("loader"),s=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=s);var p=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],d="api-",l=d+"ixn-";a(p,function(e,n){s[n]=o(d+n,!0,"api")}),s.addPageAction=o(d+"addPageAction",!0),s.setCurrentRouteName=o(d+"routeName",!0),n.exports=newrelic,s.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(e,n){var t={},r=this,o="function"==typeof n;return i(l+"tracer",[c.now(),e,t],r),function(){if(f.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[c.now(),r,o],t),o)try{return n.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw f.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],t),e}finally{f.emit("fn-end",[c.now()],t)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(e,n){m[n]=o(l+n)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(e,n){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),i("err",[e,c.now(),!1,n])}},{}],2:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){if(!o)return!1;if(e!==o)return!1;if(!n)return!0;if(!i)return!1;for(var t=i.split("."),r=n.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==t[a])return!1;return!0}var o=null,i=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var u=navigator.userAgent,f=u.match(a);f&&u.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&u.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(o="Safari",i=f[1])}n.exports={agent:o,version:i,match:r}},{}],3:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){var t=[],r="",i=0;for(r in e)o.call(e,r)&&(t[i]=n(r,e[r]),i+=1);return t}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],4:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof t&&(t=e?e.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=t-n||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=e[n+r];return i}n.exports=r},{}],5:[function(e,n,t){n.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function o(e){function n(e){return e&&e instanceof r?e:e?f(e,u,i):i()}function t(t,r,o,i){if(!d.aborted||i){e&&e(t,r,o);for(var a=n(o),u=v(t),f=u.length,c=0;c<f;c++)u[c].apply(a,r);var p=s[y[t]];return p&&p.push([b,t,r,a]),a}}function l(e,n){h[e]=v(e).concat(n)}function m(e,n){var t=h[e];if(t)for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++)t[r]===n&&t.splice(r,1)}function v(e){return h[e]||[]}function g(e){return p[e]=p[e]||o(t)}function w(e,n){c(e,function(e,t){n=n||"feature",y[t]=n,n in s||(s[n]=[])})}var h={},y={},b={on:l,addEventListener:l,removeEventListener:m,emit:t,get:g,listeners:v,context:n,buffer:w,abort:a,aborted:!1};return b}function i(){return new r}function a(){(s.api||s.feature)&&(d.aborted=!0,s=d.backlog={})}var u="nr@context",f=e("gos"),c=e(3),s={},p={},d=n.exports=o();d.backlog=s},{}],gos:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){if(o.call(e,n))return e[n];var r=t();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return e[n]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t,r){o.buffer([e],r),o.emit(e,n,t)}var o=e("ee").get("handle");n.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(e,n,t){function r(e){var n=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:e===window?0:a(e,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=e("gos");n.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(e,n,t){function r(){if(!E++){var e=x.info=NREUM.info,n=l.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(s.abort,3e4),!(e&&e.licenseKey&&e.applicationID&&n))return s.abort();c(y,function(n,t){e[n]||(e[n]=t)}),f("mark",["onload",a()+x.offset],null,"api");var t=l.createElement("script");t.src="https://"+e.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n)}}function o(){"complete"===l.readyState&&i()}function i(){f("mark",["domContent",a()+x.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return O.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(u=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),u))-x.offset}var u=(new Date).getTime(),f=e("handle"),c=e(3),s=e("ee"),p=e(2),d=window,l=d.document,m="addEventListener",v="attachEvent",g=d.XMLHttpRequest,w=g&&g.prototype;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:d.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:g,REQ:d.Request,EV:d.Event,PR:d.Promise,MO:d.MutationObserver};var h=""+location,y={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1118.min.js"},b=g&&w&&w[m]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),x=n.exports={offset:u,now:a,origin:h,features:{},xhrWrappable:b,userAgent:p};e(1),l[m]?(l[m]("DOMContentLoaded",i,!1),d[m]("load",r,!1)):(l[v]("onreadystatechange",o),d[v]("onload",r)),f("mark",["firstbyte",u],null,"api");var E=0,O=e(5)},{}]},{},["loader"]);</script><meta content="Oxford University Press" itemprop="copyrightHolder"/><meta content="2018" itemprop="copyrightYear"/><meta content="sw" itemprop="inLanguage"/><meta content="Oxford Dictionaries" itemprop="publisher"/><meta content="8C014612B3E8D607B216A5788271D10B" name="msvalidate.01"/><link href="https://plus.google.com/107831092854065394120" rel="publisher"/><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TGTNT5M');</script><meta content="live" itemprop="status"/><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20190302095532cs_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/assets/application_monolingual-53d2181829b1fe34892473ecd0bc3828.css" data-turbolinks-track="true"/><script src="/web/20190302095532js_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/assets/head-756f795fa5680bbe7e1aeb61a32e8eea.js" data-turbolinks-track="true"></script><script>head.load("/assets/application_monolingual-ec8c5742c68e3197c505c82c70db0a2b.js");</script><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/favicon-32x32.png" rel="icon" sizes="32x32" type="image/png"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/favicon-194x194.png" rel="icon" sizes="194x194" type="image/png"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/favicon-96x96.png" rel="icon" sizes="96x96" type="image/png"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/android-chrome-192x192.png" rel="icon" sizes="192x192" type="image/png"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/favicon-16x16.png" rel="icon" sizes="16x16" type="image/png"/><link href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/favicon.ico?v1" rel="shortcut icon"/><link href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/manifest.json" rel="manifest"/><link color="#5bbad5" href="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/safari-pinned-tab.svg" rel="mask-icon"/><meta content="#00bdf2" name="msapplication-TileColor"/><meta content="/mstile-144x144.png" name="msapplication-TileImage"/><meta content="#006cac" name="theme-color"/><meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token"/> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Zm+7FJL2iBFdsxeqA082oHx46lIsAy+b/C5/1ATpI0Ix9s+qnt9Vf0EeHDVkCbx3joFX5RfQHnHb+oZc8CNOrw=="/><script async="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532js_/https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"></script><script>var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([0, 0], [300, 250]).build();googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/odo_sw_home_top_mpu', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1474277533475-1').defineSizeMapping(mapping).addService(googletag.pubads());var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([768, 0], [728, 90]).addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]).build();googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/odo_sw_home_top_leader', [[728, 90], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1474277533475-0').defineSizeMapping(mapping).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('odo_status', "live"); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); });</script><link href="//web.archive.org/web/20190302095532cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,600italic,700italic,400,600,700|Merriweather:400,700,400italic,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><script>var controller = "pages"; var action = "home"; var site = "SW"; // Non Lex Page || Non Lex Cat Page || <empty> var page_category = "";</script></head><body class="controller__pages action__home dictionary__odo dictionary__sw " data-no-turbolink="true" id="homePage" lang="sw"><noscript><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TGTNT5M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><div id="wrapper"><header id="header"><div class="topHeader"><div class="container full"><nav class="nav"><ul></ul></nav><div class="signIn"><a data-behaviour="ga-event-header" data-value="Sign in" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/a/auth/gds?signup_from=sw"><i><svg enable-background="new 0 0 33 33" height="32" viewbox="0 0 33 33" width="32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16.5,33C7.4,33,0,25.6,0,16.5S7.4,0,16.5,0S33,7.4,33,16.5S25.6,33,16.5,33z M16.5,1C8,1,1,8,1,16.5S8,32,16.5,32S32,25,32,16.5S25,1,16.5,1z" fill="#8ac1e1"/><g><path d="m24 23.1l-.7-2.4c-.5-1.6-2.5-5.2-4.5-5.2h-4.5c-2 0-4 3.5-4.5 5.2l-.8 2.4c-.1.3.1.7.3 1 .3.2.7.5 1.1.5h12.1c.4 0 .8-.2 1.1-.5.3-.2.4-.6.4-1"/><ellipse cx="16.6" cy="10.7" rx="3.5" ry="3.6"/></g></svg></i><span>Ingia</span></a></div><div class="sharing"><ul></ul></div><nav class="nav right"><ul></ul></nav></div></div><div class="mainHeader"><div class="container"><div class="headerContent"><a class="logo" data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="Homepage anchor image" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/"><img alt="Swahili logo" src="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/assets/oup/logos/svg/sw-10a06cda9022b960749b72e866a810a3.svg"/></a><div class="searchField"><div class="powered"><a data-behaviour="ga-event-header" data-value="Powered by Oxford" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/"><img alt="Powered by Oxford logo" height="30" src="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/assets/oup/logos/svg/powered-by-oxford-048858a6bc179f844e6bab729ad05ff0.svg" width="185"/></a></div><div class="searchMain" data-locale="sw"><form class="search" action="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"/><select name="filter" id="filter" class="dictionary" data-ga-language-indicator="SW"><option value="dictionary">Kiswahili</option></select><fieldset><input type="text" name="query" id="query" placeholder="Chapa neno au kirai" autocomplete="off" maxlength="100" autocapitalize="none" class="autocomplete"/><div class="keyboard kBoxContent" data-behaviour="ga-event-search-scope" data-value="character keyboard"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 28 16.7" height="17" viewbox="0 0 28 16.7" width="28" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m26.5 0h-25c-.8 0-1.5.6-1.5 1.4v13.9c0 .8.7 1.4 1.5 1.4h25.1c.8 0 1.5-.6 1.5-1.4v-13.9c-.1-.8-.8-1.4-1.6-1.4m-10.1 2.8h2.9v2.8h-2.9v-2.8m4.3 4.1v2.8h-2.9v-2.8h2.9m-8.7-4.1h2.9v2.8h-2.9v-2.8m4.4 4.1v2.8h-2.9v-2.8h2.9m-8.8-4.1h2.9v2.8h-2.9v-2.8m4.4 4.1v2.8h-2.9v-2.8h2.9m-9-4.1h3.2v2.8h-3.2v-2.8m0 4.1h4.6v2.8h-4.6v-2.8m3.2 7h-3.2v-2.8h3.1v2.8zm13.1 0h-11.7v-2.8h11.6v2.8zm5.8 0h-4.4v-2.8h4.4v2.8m0-4.2h-2.9v-2.8h2.9v2.8m0-4.1h-4.4v-2.8h4.4v2.8" fill="#999"/></svg> <svg enable-background="new 0 0 14 7" height="7" viewbox="0 0 14 7" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7 4.4 2.6 0 0 0 6.1 6.1 7 7 7.9 6.1 14 0 11.4 0z" fill="#989898"/></svg></div><button data-behaviour="ga-event-search-scope" data-value="Launch search" type="submit"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 22 22" height="30" viewbox="-0.5 -0.5 22 22" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m21.8 19.6l-4.5-4.5c2.7-3.7 2.3-8.9-1-12.3-3.7-3.7-9.8-3.7-13.5 0-3.7 3.7-3.7 9.7 0 13.5 3.4 3.4 8.6 3.7 12.3 1l4.5 4.5c.4.4 1 .3 1.5-.2l.5-.5c.5-.5.5-1.1.2-1.5m-7.6-5.3c-2.6 2.6-6.8 2.6-9.4 0-2.6-2.6-2.6-6.8 0-9.4 2.6-2.6 6.8-2.6 9.4 0 2.5 2.6 2.5 6.8 0 9.4" fill="#f77941"/></svg></button><div class="autocompleteBox"></div></fieldset></form></div></div></div></div></div><div class="shortHeader transition"><div class="container"><div class="headerContent"><a class="logo" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 55 55" height="55" viewbox="0 0 55 55" width="55" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Swahili logo</title><role>img</role><g fill="#fff"><path d="m36.7 27.5c0 5.1-3.4 9.4-9.2 9.4-5.7 0-9.2-4.4-9.2-9.4 0-5.1 3.4-9.4 9.2-9.4 5.7 0 9.2 4.3 9.2 9.4"/><path d="M55,27.5c0-8.2-3.4-15.7-9.2-20.7v20.7c0,10.1-6.8,18.8-18.3,18.8S9.2,37.6,9.2,27.5S16,8.7,27.5,8.7c3.5,0,6.6,0.8,9.2,2.2V1.5C33.8,0.5,30.8,0,27.5,0C11.4,0,0,12.5,0,27.5C0,42.5,11.4,55,27.5,55S55,42.5,55,27.5L55,27.5z"/></g><img alt="Swahili logo" class="mobilelogo" height="42" src="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/assets/oup/logos/svg/sw-10a06cda9022b960749b72e866a810a3.svg" width="209"/></svg></a><div class="searchField"><div class="searchMain" data-locale="sw"><form class="search" action="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"/><select name="filter" id="filter" class="dictionary" data-ga-language-indicator="SW"><option value="dictionary">Kiswahili</option></select><fieldset><input type="text" name="query" id="query" placeholder="Chapa neno au kirai" autocomplete="off" maxlength="100" autocapitalize="none" class="autocomplete"/><div class="keyboard kBoxContent" data-behaviour="ga-event-search-scope" data-value="character keyboard"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 28 16.7" height="17" viewbox="0 0 28 16.7" width="28" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m26.5 0h-25c-.8 0-1.5.6-1.5 1.4v13.9c0 .8.7 1.4 1.5 1.4h25.1c.8 0 1.5-.6 1.5-1.4v-13.9c-.1-.8-.8-1.4-1.6-1.4m-10.1 2.8h2.9v2.8h-2.9v-2.8m4.3 4.1v2.8h-2.9v-2.8h2.9m-8.7-4.1h2.9v2.8h-2.9v-2.8m4.4 4.1v2.8h-2.9v-2.8h2.9m-8.8-4.1h2.9v2.8h-2.9v-2.8m4.4 4.1v2.8h-2.9v-2.8h2.9m-9-4.1h3.2v2.8h-3.2v-2.8m0 4.1h4.6v2.8h-4.6v-2.8m3.2 7h-3.2v-2.8h3.1v2.8zm13.1 0h-11.7v-2.8h11.6v2.8zm5.8 0h-4.4v-2.8h4.4v2.8m0-4.2h-2.9v-2.8h2.9v2.8m0-4.1h-4.4v-2.8h4.4v2.8" fill="#999"/></svg> <svg enable-background="new 0 0 14 7" height="7" viewbox="0 0 14 7" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7 4.4 2.6 0 0 0 6.1 6.1 7 7 7.9 6.1 14 0 11.4 0z" fill="#989898"/></svg></div><button data-behaviour="ga-event-search-scope" data-value="Launch search" type="submit"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 22 22" height="30" viewbox="-0.5 -0.5 22 22" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m21.8 19.6l-4.5-4.5c2.7-3.7 2.3-8.9-1-12.3-3.7-3.7-9.8-3.7-13.5 0-3.7 3.7-3.7 9.7 0 13.5 3.4 3.4 8.6 3.7 12.3 1l4.5 4.5c.4.4 1 .3 1.5-.2l.5-.5c.5-.5.5-1.1.2-1.5m-7.6-5.3c-2.6 2.6-6.8 2.6-9.4 0-2.6-2.6-2.6-6.8 0-9.4 2.6-2.6 6.8-2.6 9.4 0 2.5 2.6 2.5 6.8 0 9.4" fill="#f77941"/></svg></button><div class="autocompleteBox"></div></fieldset></form></div></div></div><div class="burger"><img height="18" src="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/assets/oup/svg/hamburger-menu-bdf0afa79489dcd9527dbf7cfd0300bc.svg" width="28"/><span>menu</span></div></div></div></header><div id="main"><div class="cookie-container"><div class="cookies-eu"><span class="cookies-eu-content-holder">Sisi hutumia vidakuzi kuboresha hali yako ya utumiaji kwenye tovuti yetu. Tovuti hii hutumia vidakuzi vinavyotoa matangazo lengwa na ambavyo hufuatilia matumizi yako ya tovuti hii. Kwa kubofya ‘endelea’ au kwa kuendelea kutumia tovuti yetu, unakubali tutumie vidakuzi vyetu. Unaweza kubadilisha mipangilio yako ya vidakuzi wakati wowote.</span><span class="cookies-eu-button-holder"><a class="cookies-eu-ok">Endelea</a><a class="cookies-eu-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/http://global.oup.com/cookiepolicy/" target="_blank">Pata maelezo zaidi</a></span><div class="clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="errors__container headerHead"></div><div class="home-ad-code-minimal" id="content"><div class="greybox banbox"><div class="container"><div class="banner "><div id="div-gpt-ad-1474277533475-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1474277533475-0'); });</script></div></div></div></div><div><div class="container full"><div class="news layout"><section class="mainNews" data-fetch-wordpress="" data-wordpress-id=""><a data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="Region 1 - lead image" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/KUHUSU"><div class="box-img tablet-short" data-ratiox="2.35" data-ratioy="1"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532im_/https://oup.useremarkable.com/production/images/uploads/3586/original/mothership-panel_20version3.jpg" alt="Mothership panel 20version3"/></div><h1>Kuhusu Oxford Global Languages</h1></a></section><section data-fetch-wordpress="" data-wordpress-id=""><a data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="Region 1 - top image" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/Wanachosema-watu-kuhusu-mpango-huu"><div class="box-img" data-ratiox="16" data-ratioy="9.5"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532im_/https://oup.useremarkable.com/production/images/uploads/3587/original/convo_20tiny_202_20jpg.fw.jpg" alt="Convo 20tiny 202 20jpg.fw"/></div><article><h4></h4><h2>Wanachosema watu kuhusu mpango huu</h2></article></a></section><section data-fetch-wordpress="" data-wordpress-id=""><a data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="Region 1 - middle image" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/Ukurasa-wa-Maswali-yanayoulizwa-mara-kwa-mara"><div class="box-img" data-ratiox="16" data-ratioy="9.5"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532im_/https://oup.useremarkable.com/production/images/uploads/3584/original/questions_20tiny_202_20jpg.fw.jpg" alt="Questions 20tiny 202 20jpg.fw"/></div><article><h4></h4><h2>Ukurasa wa Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara</h2></article></a></section><section data-fetch-wordpress="" data-wordpress-id=""><a data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="Region 1 - bottom image" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/"><div class="box-img" data-ratiox="16" data-ratioy="9.5"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532im_/https://oup.useremarkable.com/production/images/uploads/3585/original/face_20tiny_202_20jpg.jpg" alt="Face 20tiny 202 20jpg"/></div><article><h4></h4><h2>Angalia orodha kamili ya lugha zilizoko katika mpango wa OGL</h2></article></a></section></div></div></div><div class="violbox"><div class="container full"><div class="words layout"><div class="trend" lang="sw"><section class="boxSizing"><h4><span class="trending trending-icon">Maneno Yanayovuma</span></h4><div class="popular"><p><span>Maarufu zaidi katika ulimwengu</span></p></div><ol class="words_section"><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-trending-words" data-value="word 1" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ufafanuzi/sherehi">sherehi</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-trending-words" data-value="word 2" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ufafanuzi/ridhaa">ridhaa</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-trending-words" data-value="word 3" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ufafanuzi/damu">damu</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-trending-words" data-value="word 4" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ufafanuzi/kigogo">kigogo</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-trending-words" data-value="word 5" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ufafanuzi/kipimo">kipimo</a></li></ol></section></div><div class="dayword"><section><div class="daywordmain"><h4 class="boxSizing">Neno la Siku</h4><div><div><strong><a class="linkword" data-behaviour="ga-event-wotd" data-value="Word" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ufafanuzi/wizi" id="1d67fec8-ab4a-4d66-b66a-3079a0a7c86e">wizi</a></strong><p class="word_type">nomino</p><p class="find_what_it_is" style=""><a class="callToAction" data-behaviour="ga-event-wotd" data-value="find out what it means" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ufafanuzi/wizi"><span class="eng">Tazama ufafanuzi na mifano</span></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><div class="banbox-mini"><div class="banner "><div id="div-gpt-ad-1474277533475-1"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1474277533475-1'); });</script></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer id="footer"><div class="container"><div class="footerWrap"><div class="footerNav" lang="sw"><nav class="inlineBlock"><p>Pata Maelezo Zaidi</p><ul><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="Kuhusu" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/kuhusu">Kuhusu</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="" href=""></a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="Sera ya faragha" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://global.oup.com/privacy">Sera ya faragha</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="Ilani ya kisheria" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/ilani-ya-kisheria">Ilani ya kisheria</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="Sera ya vidakuzi" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://global.oup.com/cookiepolicy">Sera ya vidakuzi</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="inlineBlock"><p>Zaidi kutoka Oxford Dictionaries</p><ul><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="OxfordDictionaries.com" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://www.oxforddictionaries.com /">OxfordDictionaries.com</a></li><li><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="OxfordWords blog" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/">OxfordWords blog</a></li></ul></nav><span class="oxford"><a data-behaviour="ga-event-footer" data-value="OUP Logo" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/http://global.oup.com/"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 102.2 28.8" height="40" viewbox="0 0 102.2 28.8" width="142" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Oxford University Press logo</title><role>img</role><path d="m8.5 0c2.7 0 4.8.8 6.4 2.5 1.4 1.5 2.1 3.4 2.1 5.7 0 2.6-.9 4.6-2.8 6.1-1.6 1.3-3.5 1.9-5.7 1.9-2.7 0-4.8-.8-6.4-2.5-1.4-1.5-2.1-3.4-2.1-5.7 0-2.6.9-4.6 2.8-6.1 1.5-1.3 3.4-1.9 5.7-1.9m-3.6 28.7c-.9 0-1.6-.2-2-.6-.3-.3-.5-.7-.6-1.4 0-.2-.1-.5-.1-1 0-.4-.1-.6-.1-.8-.1-.9-.3-1.5-.5-1.8-.1-.1-.4-.2-.9-.3v-.2c1.1 0 1.8 0 2.3 0 .1 1.8.2 3.2.3 4.2.1.9.7 1.3 1.7 1.3.6 0 1-.2 1.3-.5.3-.3.5-.9.6-1.9.1-.4.1-.9.1-1.3 0-.9-.4-1.5-1.1-1.5v-.2h3v.2c-.5 0-.9.2-1.1.6-.2.3-.3 1-.4 2.2-.1 1.1-.3 1.8-.6 2.2-.3.5-1 .8-1.9.8m3.8-13.2c1.9 0 3.3-.8 4.2-2.3.7-1.2 1.1-2.9 1.1-4.9 0-2.6-.7-4.6-2.1-6-1.1-1-2.3-1.5-3.6-1.5-1.9-.1-3.3.7-4.2 2.2-.8 1.3-1.1 2.9-1.1 5 0 2.6.7 4.6 2.1 6 1 1 2.2 1.5 3.6 1.5m.9 7.2h1.9c.3.4.9 1.2 2.1 2.3.1.1.4.4 1.1 1.1.3.4.6.6.7.8v-1.6c0-1-.1-1.7-.3-2-.2-.2-.6-.4-1.3-.4v-.2h3.1v.2c-.4 0-.6.2-.8.3-.2.2-.3 1.3-.3 3.2v2.1h-.3c-.7-.7-1.5-1.6-2.4-2.6-.6-.6-1.1-1.2-1.7-1.8v1.2c0 1.5.1 2.3.3 2.6.2.3.6.4 1.2.4v.2h-3.1v-.2c.4 0 .8-.2.9-.4.2-.3.3-1.2.3-2.7 0-.9 0-1.4-.1-1.5-.4-.4-.8-.7-1.3-.8 0 0 0-.2 0-.2m39.1-18.9h-.5c-.1-1-.6-1.7-1.4-2.1-.6-.3-1.6-.4-2.8-.4h-2.1v6.1h1.7c1.2 0 2.1 0 2.7-.1v3.6h-.5c0-1-.2-1.6-.5-1.9s-.9-.5-1.7-.5c-.8 0-1.3 0-1.7 0v4.1c0 1.2.2 2 .7 2.3.3.2 1.1.4 2.2.4v.5h-15l-4.1-6.5c-.5.6-1 1.4-1.8 2.4-.8 1.1-1.1 1.9-1.1 2.4 0 .7.6 1 1.7 1.2v.5h-6.5v-.5c1.3-.1 2.4-.4 3.1-1.1.4-.3 1-1.1 1.9-2.3l2.3-3.3-2.5-4.1c-1.3-2.2-2.9-3.3-4.7-3.4v-.6h5l3.8 5.9c.1-.1.3-.4.7-1 1.1-1.6 1.7-2.8 1.7-3.4 0-.6-.5-.9-1.6-1v-.5h6.3v.5c-1.3.1-2.3.5-3.1 1.1-.5.4-1.2 1.2-1.8 2.3l-1.7 2.6 3.2 5c1.3 2 2.7 3.1 4.2 3.1 1.6 0 2.8-.2 3.4-.5.9-.5 1.4-1.3 1.4-2.5v-8.3c0-1.1-.2-1.9-.6-2.2-.4-.3-1-.5-2.1-.5v-.6h11.7l.1 3.3m-27.3 24.5v.2h-3.4v-.2c.5-.1.8-.2.9-.4.2-.2.3-.7.3-1.4v-1.8c0-.8-.1-1.4-.3-1.5-.2-.1-.5-.3-.9-.3v-.2h3.4v.2c-.4.1-.8.2-.9.3-.2.2-.3.7-.3 1.4v1.7c0 .8.1 1.3.3 1.5.1.3.4.4.9.5m6.7-5.1c-.2.2-.6.9-1.2 2.2-.9 1.9-1.4 3.1-1.5 3.4 0-.1-.3-.6-.7-1.7-.3-.6-.5-1.1-.7-1.5-.1-.2-.2-.5-.4-.9-.2-.4-.3-.6-.4-.8-.2-.6-.6-.9-1.2-1v-.2h3.2v.2c-.6.1-.9.3-.9.5 0 .1.2.7.6 1.8.3.7.6 1.4.9 2 .3-.6.5-1.2.8-1.8.4-1 .6-1.7.6-1.9 0-.3-.3-.5-1-.6v-.2h2.7v.2c-.4 0-.6.2-.8.3m5.7 1.2v2.3h-.2c0-.4-.1-.7-.3-.8s-.4-.2-.7-.2h-.9v.8c0 .7.1 1.2.2 1.4.1.2.5.3.9.3.9 0 1.6-.6 1.9-1.8h.2c-.2.8-.3 1.5-.5 2.1h-4.9v-.2c.5-.1.9-.2 1-.4.1-.2.2-.7.2-1.4v-2.2c0-.6-.1-1-.3-1.2-.2-.2-.5-.3-.9-.3v-.2h4.9v1.6h-.2c-.1-.9-.8-1.3-1.9-1.3h-.7v2.3c.1 0 .2 0 .5 0 .6 0 1-.1 1.1-.1.1-.1.2-.3.3-.7h.3m8.2 4c-.4 0-.7-.1-1-.2-.3-.2-.7-.5-1.2-1.1-.1-.2-.5-.7-1-1.7.8-.2 1.2-.6 1.2-1.3 0-.8-.6-1.2-1.8-1.3v3.7c0 .7.1 1.1.3 1.3.2.2.5.3 1.1.3v.2h-3.5v-.2c.5-.1.8-.2 1-.4.1-.2.2-.5.2-.9v-2.6c0-.6-.1-1-.3-1.2-.1-.1-.5-.2-.9-.3v-.2c.6 0 1.4 0 2.4 0 1.8 0 2.6.5 2.6 1.5 0 .6-.4 1.1-1.2 1.4.2.4.5.8.8 1.3.7.8 1.4 1.3 2 1.4v.2l-.7.1m3.5.2c-.5 0-1.1-.2-1.7-.5v-1.8h.2c.2 1.3.8 2 1.6 2 .7 0 1.1-.4 1.1-1.1 0-.5-.4-.9-1.3-1.3-1-.5-1.5-1-1.5-1.7 0-.6.3-1 .8-1.3.4-.2.8-.4 1.3-.4.5 0 .9.1 1.4.4v1.5h-.2c-.3-1.1-.7-1.6-1.3-1.6-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.2.4-.2.6 0 .5.5 1 1.4 1.4 1 .5 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.7 0 .6-.3 1-.8 1.3-.5.4-1 .5-1.5.5m6.8-.3v.2h-3.4v-.2c.5-.1.8-.2.9-.4.2-.2.3-.7.3-1.4v-1.8c0-.8-.1-1.4-.3-1.5-.2-.1-.5-.3-.9-.3v-.2h3.4v.2c-.5.1-.8.2-.9.3-.2.2-.3.7-.3 1.4v1.7c0 .8.1 1.3.3 1.5.1.3.4.4.9.5m6.4-28.3c2.7 0 4.8.8 6.4 2.5 1.4 1.5 2.1 3.4 2.1 5.7 0 2.6-.9 4.6-2.8 6.1-1.6 1.3-3.5 1.9-5.7 1.9-2.7 0-4.8-.8-6.4-2.5-1.4-1.5-2.1-3.4-2.1-5.7 0-2.6.9-4.6 2.8-6.1 1.6-1.3 3.5-1.9 5.7-1.9m.2 15.5c1.9 0 3.3-.8 4.3-2.3.7-1.2 1.1-2.9 1.1-4.9 0-2.6-.7-4.6-2.1-6-1-1-2.2-1.5-3.6-1.5-1.9 0-3.3.8-4.2 2.3-.7 1.2-1.1 2.9-1.1 4.9 0 2.6.7 4.6 2.1 6 .9 1 2.1 1.5 3.5 1.5m-2.2 7.6v3.3c0 .8.1 1.4.3 1.5.2.2.5.3 1 .4v.2h-3.5v-.2c.4-.1.8-.2.9-.4.2-.2.3-.8.3-1.8v-3.1c-.9 0-1.4.1-1.6.2-.2.2-.4.6-.5 1.3h-.2c.1-.8.2-1.4.2-1.8.8 0 1.4.1 1.9.1h1.5c.9 0 1.5 0 1.9-.1v.2c0 .2 0 .5.1.8 0 .4 0 .6.1.7h-.2c-.1-.7-.4-1.1-.6-1.2-.2-.1-.6-.2-1.3-.2l-.3.1m8 .9c0 .1-.1.2-.2.4-.1.2-.2.4-.2.5-.4.8-.6 1.2-.6 1.3v.8c0 .4.1.8.2.9.2.2.5.3 1 .4v.2h-3.5v-.2c.6-.1.9-.2 1.1-.5.1-.1.2-.4.2-.8v-.8c-.3-.6-.6-1.1-.9-1.6-.6-.9-.9-1.4-1.2-1.6-.2-.1-.4-.1-.7-.2v-.2h3v.2c-.7.2-.9.3-.9.5 0 .2.2.6.6 1.1.1.2.2.4.5.7.2.2.3.4.3.5.2-.3.4-.7.6-1.2.3-.5.4-.9.4-1.1 0-.2-.2-.4-.6-.5v-.2h2.4v.2c-.7.2-1.2.6-1.5 1.2m6.2-8.3v-12.2c0-1.1-.2-1.8-.5-2.1-.2-.2-.7-.4-1.4-.4v-.4c1.6 0 3.5-.1 5.8-.1 4.2 0 6.3 1.2 6.3 3.6 0 1.1-.4 2-1.3 2.8-.7.6-1.5 1-2.5 1.3l.4.5c.9 1.1 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.4 2.4 4.1 3.6 5.2 3.6 1.1 0 1.8-.2 2.2-.7.4-.4.6-1.1.6-2v-8.2c0-1.3-.2-2.1-.6-2.5-.4-.4-1.1-.6-2.2-.8v-.4l5-.1h1.3c7 0 10.5 2.5 10.5 7.6 0 1.7-.6 3.2-1.8 4.6-1 1.1-2.3 2-3.8 2.4-1 .4-2.5.5-4.4.5h-7.1c-1.3 0-2.2-.1-2.7-.2-.6-.2-1.2-.5-2.1-1-1.1-.7-2.2-1.6-3.1-2.5-.6-.7-1.6-1.9-3-3.8 1.2-.2 2.2-.7 2.9-1.4.7-.7 1-1.4 1-2.2 0-.8-.3-1.5-.9-2.1-.9-.9-2.1-1.3-3.7-1.3h-.3v11.3c0 1.1.3 1.9.8 2.2.3.2 1.1.3 2.2.5v.5l-5.4.1m1.1 10.5v-1.2c0-1.2-.1-1.8-.4-2-.2-.1-.5-.2-.9-.3v-.2h2.4c.8 0 1.4.1 2 .4.6.3 1 .7 1 1.2 0 1.1-.8 1.7-2.5 1.8v-.2c.5-.1.9-.2 1.1-.4.2-.2.3-.5.3-1 0-1-.7-1.5-2.1-1.6v3.7c0 .7.1 1.1.3 1.3.2.1.5.2 1.1.3v.2h-3.5v-.2c.6-.1.9-.2 1-.5s.2-.5.2-1.3m11.1 2.2c-.4 0-.7-.1-1-.2-.3-.2-.7-.5-1.2-1.1-.1-.2-.5-.7-1-1.7.8-.2 1.2-.6 1.2-1.3 0-.8-.6-1.2-1.8-1.3v3.7c0 .7.1 1.1.3 1.3.2.2.5.3 1.1.3v.2h-3.5v-.2c.5-.1.8-.2 1-.4.1-.2.2-.5.2-.9v-2.6c0-.6-.1-1-.3-1.2-.1-.1-.5-.2-.9-.3v-.2c.6 0 1.4 0 2.4 0 1.8 0 2.6.5 2.6 1.5 0 .6-.4 1.1-1.2 1.4.2.4.5.8.8 1.3.7.8 1.4 1.3 2 1.4v.2l-.7.1m5.7-4v2.3h-.2c0-.4-.1-.7-.2-.8-.1-.1-.3-.2-.7-.2h-.9v.8c0 .7.1 1.2.2 1.4.1.2.4.3.9.3.9 0 1.6-.6 2-1.8h.2c-.2.9-.4 1.6-.5 2.1h-4.8v-.2c.5-.1.9-.2 1-.4.1-.2.2-.7.2-1.4v-2.2c0-.6-.1-1-.2-1.2-.2-.2-.5-.3-.9-.3v-.2h4.9v1.6h-.2c-.1-.6-.3-.9-.7-1.1-.6-.1-1-.1-1.5-.1h-.7v2.3c.1 0 .2 0 .5 0 .6 0 1-.1 1.1-.1.1-.1.2-.3.2-.7h.3zm2.9-23.1c-.2 0-.6 0-1 .1v11.3c0 1 .2 1.7.7 2 .4.3 1 .4 1.9.4 2 0 3.6-.7 4.7-2.2.9-1.2 1.4-2.7 1.4-4.5 0-2.4-.8-4.2-2.4-5.5-1.5-1.1-3.2-1.6-5.3-1.6m1.4 27.3c-.5 0-1.1-.2-1.7-.5v-1.8h.2c.2 1.3.8 2 1.6 2 .7 0 1.1-.4 1.1-1.1 0-.5-.4-.9-1.3-1.3-1-.5-1.5-1-1.5-1.7 0-.6.2-1 .7-1.3.4-.2.8-.4 1.4-.4.5 0 .9.1 1.4.4v1.5h-.2c-.3-1.1-.7-1.6-1.3-1.6-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.2.4-.2.6 0 .5.5 1 1.4 1.4 1 .5 1.4 1 1.4 1.7 0 .6-.3 1-.8 1.3-.5.4-.9.5-1.5.5m5.4 0c-.5 0-1.1-.2-1.7-.5v-1.8h.2c.2 1.3.8 2 1.6 2 .7 0 1-.4 1-1.1 0-.5-.4-.9-1.3-1.3-1-.5-1.5-1-1.5-1.7 0-.6.2-1 .7-1.3.4-.2.8-.4 1.4-.4.5 0 .9.1 1.4.4l-.1 1.5h-.2c-.3-1.1-.7-1.6-1.3-1.6-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.2.4-.2.6 0 .5.5 1 1.4 1.4 1 .5 1.4 1 1.4 1.7 0 .6-.3 1-.8 1.3-.3.4-.8.5-1.3.5" fill="#ffffff"/></svg></a></span></div><p class="copyright">© 2019 Oxford University Press</p></div></div></footer></div><div id="autocompleteWrap"></div><div id="shortMenu"><div class="bg close transition"></div><div class="topHeader"><div class="topHeaderContainer"><div class="headerContent"><a class="logo" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/"><img alt="Swahili logo" src="/web/20190302095532im_/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/assets/oup/logos/svg/sw-10a06cda9022b960749b72e866a810a3.svg"/></a></div><nav class="nav"><ul></ul></nav><div class="signIn"><a data-behaviour="ga-event-header" data-value="Sign in" href="/web/20190302095532/https://sw.oxforddictionaries.com/a/auth/gds?signup_from=sw"><i><svg enable-background="new 0 0 33 33" height="32" viewbox="0 0 33 33" width="32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16.5,33C7.4,33,0,25.6,0,16.5S7.4,0,16.5,0S33,7.4,33,16.5S25.6,33,16.5,33z M16.5,1C8,1,1,8,1,16.5S8,32,16.5,32S32,25,32,16.5S25,1,16.5,1z" fill="#8ac1e1"/><g><path d="m24 23.1l-.7-2.4c-.5-1.6-2.5-5.2-4.5-5.2h-4.5c-2 0-4 3.5-4.5 5.2l-.8 2.4c-.1.3.1.7.3 1 .3.2.7.5 1.1.5h12.1c.4 0 .8-.2 1.1-.5.3-.2.4-.6.4-1"/><ellipse cx="16.6" cy="10.7" rx="3.5" ry="3.6"/></g></svg></i><span>Ingia</span></a></div><div class="sharing"><ul></ul></div></div><span class="close"><svg enable-background="new -33 14 19.1 19.1" height="19" viewbox="-33 14 19.1 19.1" width="19" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m-13.9 16.1l-2.1-2.1-7.4 7.4-7.5-7.4-2.1 2.1 7.4 7.5-7.4 7.4 2.1 2.1 7.5-7.4 7.4 7.4 2.1-2.1-7.4-7.4z" fill="#fff"/></svg></span></div></div><script>head.ready("application_monolingual-ec8c5742c68e3197c505c82c70db0a2b.js", function () { (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','//web.archive.org/web/20190302095532/https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-75431092-10', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); App.init(); App.initCore(); initOdoPage(); ahoy.trackView(); ahoy.trackClicks(); if (App.Lang_sw) { App.Lang_sw.initKeyboard(); }; initAutocompleteSearch();$('.cookies-eu-ok').on('click', removeCookieMessage); // Keyboard autoHighlightSearchTerm() // Sidebar specifics signUpToggle(); check(); showMobileSelector(); getRelatedWordpressPosts(); registerGAEvents(); resizeAds(); $('.banner.high_impact iframe').on('load', function() { resizeAds(); }); $(window).resize(function () { resizeAds(); }); $('body').resize(); // Newsletter management buttons if (false){ if(document.getElementById('news_newsletter_form')){ document.getElementById('news_newsletter_form').classList.add("dn"); document.getElementById('news_newsletter_manage_button').classList.add("db"); } if(document.getElementById('wotd_newsletter_form')){ document.getElementById('wotd_newsletter_form').classList.add("dn"); document.getElementById('wotd_newsletter_manage_button').classList.add("db"); } } });</script></body></html>