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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Angle grinder</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoekslyper" title="Hoekslyper – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hoekslyper" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جلاخة زاوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جلاخة زاوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovuc_da%C5%9Flay%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Ovuc daşlayıcı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ovuc daşlayıcı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84" title="Ъглошлайф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ъглошлайф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmoladora_angular" title="Esmoladora angular – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esmoladora angular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ahlov%C3%A1_bruska" title="Úhlová bruska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Úhlová bruska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinkelsliber" title="Vinkelsliber – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vinkelsliber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winkelschleifer" title="Winkelschleifer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Winkelschleifer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketasl%C3%B5ikur" title="Ketaslõikur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ketaslõikur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmeril_angular" title="Esmeril angular – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esmeril angular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angula_%C5%9Dlifma%C5%9Dino" title="Angula ŝlifmaŝino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angula ŝlifmaŝino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotaflex" title="Rotaflex – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rotaflex" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D8%AA" title="سنگ جت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ جت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disqueuse" title="Disqueuse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Disqueuse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B2%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Անկյունահղկիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անկյունահղկիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%ADpirokkur" title="Slípirokkur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Slípirokkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smerigliatrice#Smerigliatrice_angolare" title="Smerigliatrice – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Smerigliatrice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A" title="דיסק חיתוך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיסק חיתוך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კუთხესახეხი მანქანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუთხესახეხი მანქანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampinis_%C5%A1lifuoklis" title="Kampinis šlifuoklis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kampinis šlifuoklis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аголна брусилка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аголна брусилка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haakse_slijper" title="Haakse slijper – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haakse slijper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroaljager_(gerei)" title="Stroaljager (gerei) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stroaljager (gerei)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winkelsliper" title="Winkelsliper – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Winkelsliper" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinkelsliper" title="Vinkelsliper – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vinkelsliper" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinkelslipar" title="Vinkelslipar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vinkelslipar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burchakli_pardozlash_mashinasi" title="Burchakli pardozlash mashinasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Burchakli pardozlash mashinasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlifierka_k%C4%85towa" title="Szlifierka kątowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szlifierka kątowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebarbadora" title="Rebarbadora – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rebarbadora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polizor_unghiular" title="Polizor unghiular – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polizor unghiular" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Угловая шлифовальная машина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Угловая шлифовальная машина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prer%C3%ABsja_disk" title="Prerësja disk – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Prerësja disk" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_grinder" title="Angle grinder – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Angle grinder" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleksa" title="Fleksa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fleksa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Брусилица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брусилица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulmahiomakone" title="Kulmahiomakone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kulmahiomakone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinkelslip" title="Vinkelslip – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vinkelslip" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кутова шліфувальна машина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кутова шліфувальна машина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E7%A3%A8%E6%A9%9F" title="角磨機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="角磨機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q827274#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Handheld power tool for cutting or polishing</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AngleGrinder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/AngleGrinder.jpg/220px-AngleGrinder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/AngleGrinder.jpg/330px-AngleGrinder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/AngleGrinder.jpg/440px-AngleGrinder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>Angle grinder</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>angle grinder</b>, also known as a <b>side grinder</b> or <b>disc grinder</b>, is a handheld <a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">power tool</a> used for <a href="/wiki/Grinding_(abrasive_cutting)" title="Grinding (abrasive cutting)">grinding (abrasive cutting)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polishing" title="Polishing">polishing</a>. Although developed originally as tools for rigid abrasive discs, the availability of an interchangeable power source has encouraged their use with a wide variety of cutters and attachments. </p><p>Angle grinders can be powered by an <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Compressed_air" title="Compressed air">compressed air</a>. The motor drives a geared head at a right-angle on which is mounted an <a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">abrasive</a> <a href="/wiki/Grinding_wheel" title="Grinding wheel">disc</a> or a thinner cut-off disc, either of which can be replaced when worn. Angle grinders typically have an adjustable guard and a side-handle for two-handed operation. Certain angle grinders, depending on their speed range, can be used as <a href="/wiki/Sander" title="Sander">sanders</a>, employing a sanding disc with a backing pad or disc. The backing system is typically made of hard plastic, phenolic resin, or medium-hard rubber depending on the amount of flexibility desired. </p><p>Angle grinders are used in <a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">metal fabrication shops</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> sites.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They are also common in <a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">machine shops</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Die_grinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Die grinder">die grinders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bench_grinder" title="Bench grinder">bench grinders</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_and_health">Safety and health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Safety and health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Particulates#Health_effects" title="Particulates">Particulates § Health_effects</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Power_tool#Health_impact" title="Power tool">Power_tool § Health_impact</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brain_health_and_pollution" title="Brain health and pollution">Brain health and pollution</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm/170px-seek%3D9-Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="170" height="208" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="392" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="392" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="118" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="196" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="294" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm/Angle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="294" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAngle_Grinder_cutting_a_steel_chain_-_Video.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Video: An angle grinder is used for cutting through a steel chain. The chain is kept under tension by a second person to avoid a blockade of the grinder. Large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Particulates#Health_effects" title="Particulates">potentially harmful particulates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_dust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metal dust (page does not exist)">metal dust</a>) are being generated.)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/220px--Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="152" data-mwtitle="Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm/Mechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMechanical_arm_effects_on_portable_grinder_vibrations.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>A video on vibration research done on pneumatic grinders</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of an angle grinder in cutting is not preferred as large amounts of harmful sparks and fumes (and <a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">particulates</a>) are generated when compared with using <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_saw" title="Reciprocating saw">reciprocating saw</a> or <a href="/wiki/Band_saw" class="mw-redirect" title="Band saw">band saw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angle grinders produce <a href="/wiki/Sparks_(fire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparks (fire)">sparks</a> when cutting ferrous metals. They also produce <a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">shards</a> cutting other materials. The blades themselves may also break. This is a great hazard to the face and eyes especially, as well as other parts of the body, and as such, a full face shield and other protective clothing must be worn. Angle grinders should never be used without their guard or handle attached. All <a href="/wiki/Workpiece" title="Workpiece">workpieces</a> should be securely clamped or held firmly in a vise.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through a sound pressure level and vibrations study conducted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a>, grinders under an unloaded condition ranged from 91 to 103 <a href="/wiki/A-weighting" title="A-weighting">dBA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-multiples_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiples-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulation">Regulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Particulates#Regulation" title="Particulates">Particulates § Regulation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">Precautionary principle</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angle grinders may be used for removing excess material from a piece. There are many different kinds of discs that are used for various materials and tasks, such as cut-off discs (<a href="/wiki/Diamond_blade" title="Diamond blade">diamond blade</a>), abrasive grinding discs, grinding stones, sanding discs, <a href="/wiki/Wire_brush" title="Wire brush">wire brush</a> wheels and polishing pads.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The angle grinder has large <a href="/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)" title="Bearing (mechanical)">bearings</a> to counter side forces generated during cutting, unlike a power <a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">drill</a>, where the force is axial. </p><p>Angle grinders are widely used in <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>, emergency rescues and even for bicycle thefts. Generally, they are found in workshops, service garages and auto body repair shops. There are a large variety of angle grinders to choose from<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Unverified descriptions (May 2024)">peacock prose</span></a></i>]</sup> when trying to find the right one for the job. The most important factors in choosing the right grinder are the power source (<a href="/wiki/Cordless" title="Cordless">battery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_cord" title="Power cord">corded</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pneumatics" title="Pneumatics">pneumatic</a>) and the disc size. Other factors include power of the motor, <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mandrel" title="Mandrel">arbor</a> size. Generally disc size and power increase together. Disc size is usually measured in inches or millimetres. Common disc sizes for angle grinders in the United States include 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12 inches, with the most popular sizes being the 4.5 and 5" size. In Europe the most common sizes for angle grinder discs are 115 and 125 millimeters. Discs for pneumatic grinders also come much smaller. Pneumatic grinders are generally used for lighter duty jobs where more <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">precision</a> is required. This is likely because pneumatic grinders can be small and light yet remain powerful, because they do not contain heavy copper motor windings, while it is harder for an electric grinder to maintain adequate power with smaller size. Electric grinders are more commonly used for larger, heavy duty jobs. However, there are also small electric grinders and large pneumatic grinders. </p><p>Angle grinders have been used to remove <a href="/wiki/Wheel_clamp" title="Wheel clamp">wheel clamps</a> from vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high-speed angle grinder was invented in 1954<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by German company <i>Ackermann + Schmitt (<a href="/wiki/Flex-Elektrowerkzeuge" title="Flex-Elektrowerkzeuge">FLEX-Elektrowerkzeuge GmbH</a>)</i> in <a href="/wiki/Steinheim_an_der_Murr" title="Steinheim an der Murr">Steinheim an der Murr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to this, in German, Dutch, Slovak, Czech, Polish, Croatian, Romanian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Latvian, an angle grinder is colloquially called just a "flex", in Italy and in Spanish-speaking countries it is sometimes called "flexible". In <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> it is known as "Perles" from a popular brand of cutting tools. In Polish it is also known as "kątówka"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "gumówka"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (= the rubber thing), which refers to the elasticity of certain types of disks. However they are never made out of true rubber due to fire hazard. In Russian, it is known as "болгарка" ("bolgarka")<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (literally "Bulgarian" of the feminine gender), since the first angle grinders in the USSR were Bulgarian made.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive_saw" title="Abrasive saw">Abrasive saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_impacts_of_sawdust" title="Health impacts of sawdust">Health impacts of sawdust</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMXa1QImM54">"What's the Best Way to Cut Thick Steel?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 7 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Best+Way+to+Cut+Thick+Steel%3F&rft.date=2021-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXMXa1QImM54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngle+grinder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/workplaces/plant-tools-and-vehicles/angle-grinders">Risk Control</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multiples-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-multiples_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Division of Applied Research and Technology (DART), <i>Hand-held Power Tools Sound Pressure and Vibrations Database</i>, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/3112670.stm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Superhero' takes on clampers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2003-09-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304014652/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/3112670.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Superhero%27+takes+on+clampers&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2F3112670.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngle+grinder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstalk.com/news/watch-man-takes-angle-grinder-to-clamp-in-limerick-632007">"WATCH: Man takes angle grinder to clamp in Limerick"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newstalk" title="Newstalk">Newstalk</a></i>. 2015-10-31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304015016/https://www.newstalk.com/news/watch-man-takes-angle-grinder-to-clamp-in-limerick-632007">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newstalk&rft.atitle=WATCH%3A+Man+takes+angle+grinder+to+clamp+in+Limerick&rft.date=2015-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalk.com%2Fnews%2Fwatch-man-takes-angle-grinder-to-clamp-in-limerick-632007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngle+grinder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flex-tools.com/en/company/history/">History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenke2009" class="citation cs2">Henke, Michael (January 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073121/http://www.flex-tools.com/documentpool/Winkelschleifer-FLEX-PR-FLiesen-Platten.pdf">"<i>Nachgefragt: Warum heißen Winkelschleifer "Flex"</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Fliesen und Platten</i>, Köln: Verlagsgesellschaft Rudolf Müller, p. 45, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flex-tools.com/documentpool/Winkelschleifer-FLEX-PR-FLiesen-Platten.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fliesen+und+Platten&rft.atitle=Nachgefragt%3A+Warum+hei%C3%9Fen+Winkelschleifer+%22Flex%22&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2009-01&rft.aulast=Henke&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flex-tools.com%2Fdocumentpool%2FWinkelschleifer-FLEX-PR-FLiesen-Platten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngle+grinder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technikanarzedziowa.pl/2014/11/08/podaj-flexa-krotka-historia-szlifierki-katowej/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Podaj flexa!' – krótka historia szlifierki kątowej"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Podaj+flexa%21%27+%E2%80%93+kr%C3%B3tka+historia+szlifierki+k%C4%85towej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technikanarzedziowa.pl%2F2014%2F11%2F08%2Fpodaj-flexa-krotka-historia-szlifierki-katowej%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngle+grinder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/szlifierka_kątowa">Wikidictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webmiastoto.com/?p=27184">"Защо ъглошлайфът в Русия се нарича "българка"?"</a>. 11 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%BE+%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D1%8A%D1%82+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0+%22%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%22%3F&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmiastoto.com%2F%3Fp%3D27184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngle+grinder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gp.by/novosti/kaleidoscope/news142402.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Болгарка' - история названия и секреты правильного выбора инструмента"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%27+-+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgp.by%2Fnovosti%2Fkaleidoscope%2Fnews142402.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngle+grinder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_grinder&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stonemasonry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stonemasonry" title="Template:Stonemasonry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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cutting">Letter cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonry" title="Masonry">Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-tensioned_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-tensioned stone">Post-tensioned stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_precut_stone" title="Massive precut stone">Massive precut stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumental_masonry" title="Monumental masonry">Monumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubble_masonry" title="Rubble masonry">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_sculpture" title="Stone sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipform_stonemasonry" title="Slipform stonemasonry">Slipform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snecked_masonry" title="Snecked masonry">Snecked</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_stone" title="Artificial stone">Artificial stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_stone" title="Cast stone">Cast stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_decorative_stones" title="List of decorative stones">Decorative stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_stone" title="Dimension stone">Dimension stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldstone" title="Fieldstone">Fieldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagstone" title="Flagstone">Flagstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabion" title="Gabion">Gabion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grout" title="Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_mortar" title="Lime mortar">Lime mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_limestone" title="List of types of limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">Marble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_marble" title="List of types of marble">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">Sandstone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sandstones" title="List of sandstones">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_veneer" title="Stone veneer">Stone veneer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angle grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_hammer" title="Bush hammer">Bush hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_tile_cutter" title="Ceramic tile cutter">Ceramic tile cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">Chisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_blade" title="Diamond blade">Diamond blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_(lifting_appliance)" title="Lewis (lifting appliance)">Lewis (lifting appliance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonry_trowel" title="Masonry trowel">Trowel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-explosive_demolition_agents" title="Non-explosive demolition agents">Non-explosive demolition agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_feather" title="Plug and feather">Plug and feather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemason%27s_hammer" title="Stonemason's hammer">Stonemason's hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straightedge" title="Straightedge">Straightedge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stone_flaming" title="Stone flaming">Flaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushwork" title="Flushwork">Flushwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knapping" title="Knapping">Knapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_masonry" title="Polygonal masonry">Polygonal masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repointing" title="Repointing">Repointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scabbling" title="Scabbling">Scabbling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuckpointing" title="Tuckpointing">Tuckpointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonry_veneer" title="Masonry veneer">Veneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brickwork" title="Brickwork">Brickwork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wythe" title="Wythe">Wythe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstone_carving" title="Hardstone carving">Hardstone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstone">Headstone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Footstone" title="Footstone">Footstone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_sculpture" title="Stone sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_wall" title="Stone wall">Stone wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machicolation" title="Machicolation">Machicolation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Bricklayers_and_Allied_Craftworkers" title="International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers">International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Work_to_the_Crown_of_Scotland" title="Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland">Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Contractors_Association_of_America" title="Mason Contractors Association of America">Mason Contractors Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operative_Plasterers%27_and_Cement_Masons%27_International_Association" title="Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association">Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Masons" title="Worshipful Company of Masons">Worshipful Company of Masons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_tools" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" title="Template:Power tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Power_tools" title="Template talk:Power tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Power_tools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Power tools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">Power tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sawhorse" title="Sawhorse">Sawhorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench" title="Workbench">Workbench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_hammer_(fabrication)" title="Air hammer (fabrication)">Air hammer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angle grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">Bandsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_sander" title="Belt sander">Belt sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowtorch" title="Blowtorch">Blowtorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_saw" title="Circular saw">Circular saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_saw" title="Concrete saw">Concrete saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusher" title="Crusher">Crusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting" title="Oxy-fuel welding and cutting">Cutting torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_grinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Die grinder">Die grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor_brake" title="Electric motor brake">Electric motor brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Glue gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_drill" title="Hammer drill">Hammer drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">Impact driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_wrench" title="Impact wrench">Impact wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackhammer" title="Jackhammer">Jackhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(power_tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigsaw (power tool)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer" title="Jointer">Jointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-tool_(power_tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-tool (power tool)">Multi-tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_gun" title="Nail gun">Nail gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_saw#Power_miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Power miter saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibbler" title="Nibbler">Nibbler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_trowel" title="Power trowel">Power trowel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_arm_saw" title="Radial arm saw">Radial arm saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_orbital_sander" title="Random orbital sander">Random orbital sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_saw" title="Reciprocating saw">Reciprocating saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivet_gun" title="Rivet gun">Rivet gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_hammer" title="Rotary hammer">Rotary hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_saw" title="Rotary saw">Rotary saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_table_(woodworking)" title="Router table (woodworking)">Router table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander" title="Sander">Sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_gun" title="Screw gun">Screw gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_saw" title="Scroll saw">Scroll saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shear_(sheet_metal)" title="Shear (sheet metal)">Shear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering_gun" title="Soldering gun">Soldering gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering_iron" title="Soldering iron">Soldering iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_box" title="Steam box">Steam box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">Table saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thickness_planer" title="Thickness planer">Thickness planer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_(woodworking)" title="Router (woodworking)">Wood router</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_shaper" title="Wood shaper">Wood shaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_tools" title="Template:Types of tools">Types of tools</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cleaning_tools" title="Template:Cleaning tools">Cleaning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template:Cutting and abrasive tools">Cutting and abrasive</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Template:Forestry tools">Forestry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Garden_tools" title="Template:Garden tools">Garden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools">Hand</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kitchen_tools" title="Template:Kitchen tools">Kitchen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Machine_and_metalworking_tools" title="Template:Machine and metalworking tools">Machine and metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Masonry_tools" title="Template:Masonry tools">Masonry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Measuring_and_alignment_tools" title="Template:Measuring and alignment tools">Measuring and alignment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mining_equipment" title="Template:Mining equipment">Mining</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" 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