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interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ساموئل جانستون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ساموئل جانستون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnston" title="Samuel Johnston – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samuel Johnston" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ساموئل جانستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساموئل جانستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnston" title="Samuel Johnston – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samuel Johnston" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="סמואל ג'ונסטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמואל ג'ונסטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnston" title="Samuel Johnston – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Samuel Johnston" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="صموئيل جونستون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صموئيل جونستون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnston" title="Samuel Johnston – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samuel Johnston" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Джонстон, Самуэл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джонстон, Самуэл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnston" title="Samuel Johnston – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samuel Johnston" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q730149#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1733–1816)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For persons with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnston_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sam Johnston (disambiguation)">Sam Johnston (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Samuel Johnston</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Johnston_-_Governeur_von_Nord_Karolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Samuel_Johnston_-_Governeur_von_Nord_Karolina.jpg/220px-Samuel_Johnston_-_Governeur_von_Nord_Karolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Samuel_Johnston_-_Governeur_von_Nord_Karolina.jpg/330px-Samuel_Johnston_-_Governeur_von_Nord_Karolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Samuel_Johnston_-_Governeur_von_Nord_Karolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 26, 1789 – March 4, 1793</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin" title="Alexander Martin">Alexander Martin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Governor of North Carolina">Governor of North Carolina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 20, 1787 – December 17, 1789</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin" title="Alexander Martin">Alexander Martin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st and 3rd Grand Master of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Masons</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1787–1788</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1789–1792</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Caswell</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Davie" title="William Richardson Davie">William Richardson Davie</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_North_Carolina" title="List of colonial governors of North Carolina">Acting Governor of North Carolina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1775</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Martin" title="Josiah Martin">Josiah Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1733-12-15</span>)</span>December 15, 1733<br /><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 17, 1816<span style="display:none">(1816-08-17)</span> (aged 82)<br /><a href="/wiki/Edenton,_North_Carolina" title="Edenton, North Carolina">Edenton, North Carolina</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Party (United States)">Federalist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Johnston" title="Gabriel Johnston">Gabriel Johnston</a> (uncle)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samuel Johnston</b> (December 15, 1733 – August 17, 1816) was an American planter, lawyer, Grand Master of Freemasons, slave holder,<sup id="cite_ref-fsearch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsearch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and statesman from <a href="/wiki/Chowan_County,_North_Carolina" title="Chowan County, North Carolina">Chowan County, North Carolina</a>. He represented <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> in both the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, and he was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of North Carolina">sixth Governor of North Carolina</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education_revolution">Early life and education revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnston was born in <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, Scotland, in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, on December 15, 1733. In 1736, he accompanied his father, Samuel Sr., in relocating to <a href="/wiki/Onslow_County,_North_Carolina" title="Onslow County, North Carolina">Onslow County</a>, in what was then colonial-era <a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">Province of North Carolina</a>. Samuel Sr. became surveyor-general of the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young Samuel was educated in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Read_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Read law">read law</a> in Carolina. He moved to Chowan County and started a plantation known as Hayes near <a href="/wiki/Edenton,_North_Carolina" title="Edenton, North Carolina">Edenton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnston was admitted to the bar and began a law practice in Edenton. In 1759, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> House of Burgesses and served in that body until it was displaced in 1775 during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. During North Carolina's <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Regulation">War of the Regulation</a> in December 1770, he introduced the anti-Regulators bill was later passed as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnston_Riot_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnston Riot Act (page does not exist)">Johnston Riot Act</a> in response to the September 1770 <a href="/wiki/Hillsborough,_North_Carolina" title="Hillsborough, North Carolina">Hillsborough</a> Riot and to later reports of a planned Regulator march upon the provincial capital, <a href="/wiki/New_Bern,_North_Carolina" title="New Bern, North Carolina">New Bern</a>, which ultimately did not occur. The passage of the Johnston Riot Act and others precipitated an even more significant enlargement of the Regulator movement and forced <a href="/wiki/William_Tryon" title="William Tryon">Royal Governor Tryon</a> to call out the provincial militia, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alamance" title="Battle of Alamance">Battle of Alamance</a> on May 16, 1771.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a strong supporter of independence, he was also elected as a delegate to the first four <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Provincial_Congress" title="North Carolina Provincial Congress">provincial congresses</a> and presided over the Third and Fourth congresses in 1775 and 1776.<sup id="cite_ref-manual2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Royal Governor <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Martin" title="Josiah Martin">Josiah Martin</a> abdicated in 1775, he was the highest-ranking official in the state until <a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a> was elected president of the Fifth Provincial Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-House_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-House-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnston is frequently cited as having served in the North Carolina Senate in 1779, but that is not confirmed in Senate Journals. He may have been elected, but he certainly did not attend. In Johnston's own words, after 1777, "...had nothing to do with public business..." during the Revolution.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the new state government, Johnston was elected to the North Carolina Senate in 1783 and 1784. </p><p>Johnston was the first Grand Master of Freemasons for the State of North Carolina, voted into office on 11 Dec 1787 to revive Masonic activities that had been defunct after breaking away from England. There had only been Deputy Grand Master until he was elected Grand Master. He would be elected Grand Master again in 1789-1791.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_as_president">Election as president</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Election as president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Carolina sent Johnston as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> in 1780 and 1781. Johnston was elected the first <i><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of the United States in Congress Assembled</a></i> under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, but he declined the office. This was reported<sup id="cite_ref-USCA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on July 10, 1781: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Mr. [Samuel] Johnston having declined to accept the office of President, and offered such reasons as were satisfactory, the House proceeded to another election; and, the ballots being taken, the hon. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a> was elected.<sup id="cite_ref-USCA_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career_and_death">Later career and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later career and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnston served as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Governor of North Carolina">Governor of North Carolina</a> from 1787 to 1789. He presided over both conventions called to ratify the <a href="/wiki/US_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="US Constitution">US Constitution</a>. The one in 1788 rejected the Constitution despite Johnston's strong support. He called another convention in 1789, which decided on ratification. Johnston then resigned as governor to become one of the state's first two <a href="/wiki/US_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senators">US Senators</a> and served from 1789 to 1793. In 1800, he was made a Judge in the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior Court">Superior Court</a> of North Carolina, an office he held until his retirement in 1803. </p><p>Johnston died at his home, <a href="/wiki/Hayes_Plantation" title="Hayes Plantation">Hayes Plantation</a>, near Edenton, in Chowan County; he purchased the house from David Rieusett in 1765 and lived there until 1793 when he moved to the Hermitage, a plantation in Martin County.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1790 Census shows that he enslaved 96 people at Hayes Plantation.<sup id="cite_ref-fsearch_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsearch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1816 he was buried in the Johnston Burial Ground there. The plantation house is privately owned but was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1973. It is now within Edenton, but the current house was completed by his son, James Cathcart Johnston, a year after Samuel's death. </p><p>On the Hayes farm, Edenton, North Carolina once owned by Johnston in 1983 a copy of the Declaration of Independence was found; in 2024 a copy of The Constitution of the United States was found<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samuel Johnston's collection of books, which he bequeathed to his son James, is preserved in a full-scale replication of Hayes Plantation's library at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a>. The octagon-shaped historic room is on permanent exhibit in the North Carolina Collection Gallery in Wilson Library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_governors_born_outside_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States">List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fsearch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fsearch_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fsearch_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9YY8-SLXD?view=index&personArk=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AXHK1-P4M&action=view&display=single&groupId=TH-1942-25121-80928-70">Family search</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a user-generated source. (May 2024)">user-generated source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manual-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manual_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBair,_Anna_Withers1988" class="citation web cs1">Bair, Anna Withers (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncpedia.org/biography/johnston-samuel">"Samuel Johnston"</a>. <i>NCPedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCPedia&rft.atitle=Samuel+Johnston&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Bair%2C+Anna+Withers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fncpedia.org%2Fbiography%2Fjohnston-samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2009" class="citation journal cs1">Howard, Joshua B. (October 2009). "The Battle of Alamance: A Reanalysis of the Historical and Documentary Records". <i>North Carolina Division of Archives and History Report (Revised Ed.)</i>: 4–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Carolina+Division+of+Archives+and+History+Report+%28Revised+Ed.%29&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Alamance%3A+A+Reanalysis+of+the+Historical+and+Documentary+Records&rft.pages=4-5&rft.date=2009-10&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Joshua+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKars2002" class="citation book cs1">Kars, Marjoleine (2002). <i>Breaking Loose Together: The Regulator Rebellion in Pre-Revolutionary North Carolina</i>. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 187–191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807849996" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807849996"><bdi>978-0807849996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+Loose+Together%3A+The+Regulator+Rebellion+in+Pre-Revolutionary+North+Carolina&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+NC&rft.pages=187-191&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0807849996&rft.aulast=Kars&rft.aufirst=Marjoleine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manual2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manual2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnor" class="citation web cs1">Connor, Robert (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/manual/manual.html">"A Manual of North Carolina Issued by the North Carolina Historical Commission for the Use of Members of the General Assembly Session 1913"</a>. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+North+Carolina+Issued+by+the+North+Carolina+Historical+Commission+for+the+Use+of+Members+of+the+General+Assembly+Session+1913&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+at+Chapel+Hill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocsouth.unc.edu%2Fnc%2Fmanual%2Fmanual.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-House-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-House_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis,_J.D." class="citation web cs1">Lewis, J.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carolana.com/NC/Royal_Colony/House_of_Burgesses/royal_27th_house_of_burgesses.html">"Royal Colony of North Carolina, 27th House of Burgesses"</a>. <i>Carolana.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carolana.com&rft.atitle=Royal+Colony+of+North+Carolina%2C+27th+House+of+Burgesses&rft.au=Lewis%2C+J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carolana.com%2FNC%2FRoyal_Colony%2FHouse_of_Burgesses%2Froyal_27th_house_of_burgesses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel Johnston to William McCormick, August 1: 1783 Audit Office 13/121/5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncpedia.org/biography/johnston-samuel">"Johnston, Samuel | NCpedia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johnston%2C+Samuel+%26%23124%3B+NCpedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncpedia.org%2Fbiography%2Fjohnston-samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCA_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCA_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">USCA Journals, America's Four Republics: The More or Less United States. 2d Edition, June 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncgenweb.us/ncstate/plantations/hayes_plantation.htm">"Hayes Plantation, Chowan County"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayes+Plantation%2C+Chowan+County&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncgenweb.us%2Fncstate%2Fplantations%2Fhayes_plantation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/a-long-lost-copy-of-the-constitution-was-found-in-a-filing-cabinet-on-a-north-carolina-farm-and-it-s-expected-to-sell-for-millions-at-auction/ar-AA1syyqV?ocid=msedgdhp&pc=U531&cvid=c2e13a8fda944cd489c6eb1057d77b80&ei=11">a-long-lost-copy-of-the-constitution-was-found accessed 19 October 2024</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Johnston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressJ000198" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000198">"Samuel Johnston (id: J000198)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Samuel+Johnston+%28id%3A+J000198%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DJ000198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8054727">Samuel Johnston</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Governor of North Carolina">Governor of North Carolina</a> </b><br />1787–1789 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin" title="Alexander Martin">Alexander Martin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>(none)</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from North Carolina"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from North Carolina</a> </b><br />November 26, 1789 – March 4, 1793 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hawkins" title="Benjamin Hawkins">Benjamin Hawkins</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin" title="Alexander Martin">Alexander Martin</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">Thomas Pinckney</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ellsworth" title="Oliver Ellsworth">Oliver Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iredell" title="James Iredell">James Iredell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samuel Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #008000;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></b> (elected Vice President)</li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1796 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1796_and_1797_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1796 and 1797 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Caswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Nash" title="Abner Nash">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burke_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="Thomas Burke (North Carolina politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin" title="Alexander Martin">A. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Caswell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin" title="Alexander Martin">A. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dobbs_Spaight" title="Richard Dobbs Spaight">Spaight Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ashe_(North_Carolina_governor)" title="Samuel Ashe (North Carolina governor)">Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Davie" title="William Richardson Davie">Davie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams" title="Benjamin Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Turner_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="James Turner (North Carolina politician)">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Alexander_(governor)" title="Nathaniel Alexander (governor)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams" title="Benjamin Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stone_(politician)" title="David Stone (politician)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Smith_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="Benjamin Smith (North Carolina politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hawkins_(governor)" title="William Hawkins (governor)">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="William Miller (North Carolina politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Branch" title="John Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Franklin" title="Jesse Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Holmes" title="Gabriel Holmes">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchins_Gordon_Burton" title="Hutchins Gordon Burton">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iredell_Jr." title="James Iredell Jr.">Iredell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Owen_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="John Owen (North Carolina politician)">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Stokes" title="Montfort Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Swain" title="David L. Swain">Swain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dobbs_Spaight_Jr." title="Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr.">Spaight Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bishop_Dudley" title="Edward Bishop Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Motley_Morehead" title="John Motley Morehead">Morehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manly" title="Charles Manly">Manly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Settle_Reid" title="David Settle Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Winslow" title="Warren Winslow">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bragg" title="Thomas Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Willis_Ellis" title="John Willis Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Toole_Clark" title="Henry Toole Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebulon_Vance" title="Zebulon Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Woods_Holden" title="William Woods Holden">Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Worth_(governor)" title="Jonathan Worth (governor)">Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Woods_Holden" title="William Woods Holden">Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tod_Robinson_Caldwell" title="Tod Robinson Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hooks_Brogden" title="Curtis Hooks Brogden">Brogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebulon_Vance" title="Zebulon Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moore_Scales" title="Alfred Moore Scales">Scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gould_Fowle" title="Daniel Gould Fowle">Fowle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Michael_Holt" title="Thomas Michael Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Carr" title="Elias Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lindsay_Russell" title="Daniel Lindsay Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brantley_Aycock" title="Charles Brantley Aycock">Aycock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Broadnax_Glenn" title="Robert Broadnax Glenn">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Walton_Kitchin" title="William Walton Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locke_Craig" title="Locke Craig">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walter_Bickett" title="Thomas Walter Bickett">Bickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_A._Morrison" title="Cameron A. Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Wilton_McLean" title="Angus Wilton McLean">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Max_Gardner" title="Oliver Max Gardner">O. M. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._B._Ehringhaus" title="John C. B. Ehringhaus">Ehringhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_R._Hoey" title="Clyde R. Hoey">Hoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Melville_Broughton" title="J. Melville Broughton">Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Gregg_Cherry" title="R. Gregg Cherry">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Kerr_Scott" title="W. Kerr Scott">W. K. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Umstead" title="William B. Umstead">Umstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_H._Hodges" title="Luther H. Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_K._Moore" title="Dan K. Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Scott" title="Robert W. Scott">R. W. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Holshouser" title="James Holshouser">Holshouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hunt" title="Jim Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Martin" title="James G. Martin">J. G. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hunt" title="Jim Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Easley" title="Mike Easley">Easley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bev_Perdue" title="Bev Perdue">Perdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McCrory" title="Pat McCrory">McCrory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cooper" title="Roy Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Stein" title="Josh Stein">Stein</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Seal_of_North_Carolina.svg/80px-Seal_of_North_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Seal_of_North_Carolina.svg/120px-Seal_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Seal_of_North_Carolina.svg/160px-Seal_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lieutenant<br />governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tod_Robinson_Caldwell" title="Tod Robinson Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hooks_Brogden" title="Curtis Hooks Brogden">Brogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Robinson" title="James L. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manly_Stedman" title="Charles Manly Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Michael_Holt" title="Thomas Michael Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_A._Doughton" title="Rufus A. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Reynolds" title="Charles A. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_D._Turner" title="Wilfred D. Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_D._Winston" title="Francis D. Winston">Winston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Newland" title="William C. Newland">Newland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_L._Daughtridge" title="Elijah L. Daughtridge">Daughtridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Max_Gardner" title="Oliver Max Gardner">O. M. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Cooper_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="William B. Cooper (North Carolina politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Elmer_Long" title="J. Elmer Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Fountain" title="Richard T. Fountain">Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Graham" title="Alexander H. Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkins_P._Horton" title="Wilkins P. Horton">Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_L._Harris" title="Reginald L. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynton_Y._Ballentine" title="Lynton Y. Ballentine">Ballentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Patrick_Taylor" title="Hoyt Patrick Taylor">Taylor Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_H._Hodges" title="Luther H. Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_E._Barnhardt" title="Luther E. Barnhardt">Barnhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Cloyd_Philpott" title="Harvey Cloyd Philpott">Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Scott" title="Robert W. Scott">R. W. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Patrick_Taylor_Jr." title="Hoyt Patrick Taylor Jr.">Taylor Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hunt" title="Jim Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Green" title="James C. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Jordan" title="Robert B. Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gardner_(politician)" title="Jim Gardner (politician)">J. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_A._Wicker" title="Dennis A. Wicker">Wicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bev_Perdue" title="Bev Perdue">Perdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Dalton" title="Walter H. Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Forest" title="Dan Forest">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Robinson_(American_politician)" title="Mark Robinson (American politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Hunt" title="Rachel Hunt">Hunt</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="Template:United States senators from North Carolina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="Template talk:United States senators from North Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from North Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from North Carolina">United States senators from North Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin" title="Alexander Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Franklin" title="Jesse Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Turner_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="James Turner (North Carolina politician)">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Stokes" title="Montfort Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Branch" title="John Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Brown" title="Bedford Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Settle_Reid" title="David Settle Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bragg" title="Thomas Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Carter_Abbott" title="Joseph Carter Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Butler" title="Marion Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._M._Simmons" title="F. M. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bailey" title="Josiah Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Umstead" title="William B. Umstead">Umstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Melville_Broughton" title="J. Melville Broughton">Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Porter_Graham" title="Frank Porter Graham">F. P. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Smith" title="Willis Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_Lennon" title="Alton Lennon">Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Kerr_Scott" title="W. Kerr Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Everett_Jordan" title="B. Everett Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Hagan" title="Kay Hagan">Hagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Tillis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hawkins" title="Benjamin Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bloodworth" title="Timothy Bloodworth">Bloodworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stone_(politician)" title="David Stone (politician)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Franklin" title="Jesse Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stone_(politician)" title="David Stone (politician)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Locke_Jr." title="Francis Locke Jr.">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iredell_Jr." title="James Iredell Jr.">Iredell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Strange_(American_politician)" title="Robert Strange (American politician)">Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">W. A. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Haywood_Jr." title="William Henry Haywood Jr.">Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Biggs" title="Asa Biggs">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Clingman" title="Thomas L. Clingman">Clingman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pool" title="John Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Summerfield_Merrimon" title="Augustus Summerfield Merrimon">Merrimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebulon_Vance" title="Zebulon Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_S._Overman" title="Lee S. Overman">Overman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_A._Morrison" title="Cameron A. Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Reynolds" title="Robert R. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_R._Hoey" title="Clyde R. Hoey">Hoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ervin" title="Sam Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burren_Morgan" title="Robert Burren Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Porter_East" title="John Porter East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Broyhill" title="Jim Broyhill">Broyhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauch_Faircloth" title="Lauch Faircloth">Faircloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Budd" title="Ted Budd">Budd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730149#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730149#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730149#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054082110">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4796568">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/310495/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyhdQ63fyXdkYgW7MjBfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1180999185">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr92034248">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987010649538205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000198">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wr0w5g">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hq42rx">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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