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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Königsberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 49 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koningsberg" title="Koningsberg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koningsberg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="كونيغسبرغ – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كونيغسبرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="كونجسبرج – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كونجسبرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6niqsberq" title="Köniqsberq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Köniqsberq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Көнигсберг – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көнигсберг" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Кьонигсберг – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кьонигсберг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevic" title="Kraljevic – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kraljevic" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_(Preu%C3%9Fen)" title="Königsberg (Preußen) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Königsberg (Preußen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenigsbergo" title="Kenigsbergo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kenigsbergo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="کونیگسبرگ – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کونیگسبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_(Poroszorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Königsberg (Poroszország) – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Königsberg (Poroszország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Քյոնիգսբերգ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քյոնիգսբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF_(%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3)" title="ケーニヒスベルク (プロイセン) – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケーニヒスベルク (プロイセン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="კენიგსბერგი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კენიგსბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%EB%8B%88%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="쾨니히스베르크 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쾨니히스베르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaliau%C4%8Diaus_istorija" title="Karaliaučiaus istorija – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karaliaučiaus istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koningsbergen" title="Koningsbergen – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koningsbergen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Кёнигсберг – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кёнигсберг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="کونگزبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کونگزبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg,_Prusia" title="Königsberg, Prusia – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Königsberg, Prusia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Кёнигсберг – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кёнигсберг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Кенигсберг – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кенигсберг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="เคอนิชส์แบร์ค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคอนิชส์แบร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Кенігсберг – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кенігсберг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="کونگسبرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کونگسبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Königsberg" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="კენიგსბერგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კენიგსბერგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="柯尼斯堡 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柯尼斯堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4120832#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:K%C3%B6nigsberg" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=K%C3%B6nigsberg&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:K%C3%B6nigsberg" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4120832" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem koordinat geografis">Koordinat</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=K%C3%B6nigsberg&language=id&params=54_43_00_N_20_31_00_E_region:RU_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°43′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">20°31′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.71667°N 20.51667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.71667; 20.51667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27002510">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Königsberg</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kastel Königsberg sebelum Perang Dunia I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg/240px-K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg/360px-K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg/480px-K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="2047" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Kastel_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Kastel Königsberg">Kastel Königsberg</a> sebelum Perang Dunia I, dihancurkan pada tahun 1968-1969 atas perintah <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nama alternatif</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Кёнигсберг</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Koordinat</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=K%C3%B6nigsberg&language=id&params=54_43_00_N_20_31_00_E_region:RU_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°43′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">20°31′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.71667°N 20.51667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.71667; 20.51667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Didirikan</th><td class="infobox-data">1255</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ditinggalkan</th><td class="infobox-data">1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Terkait dengan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suku_Sambia" title="Suku Sambia">Sambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Jerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Jerman">Jerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Polandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Polandia">Polandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Lituania" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Lituania">Lituania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peristiwa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Catatan situs</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemilik</th><td class="infobox-data">Rusia</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Königsberg</b> adalah nama lama kota <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>. Kota ini pada awalnya merupakan kota <a href="/wiki/Suku_Sambia" title="Suku Sambia">Sambia</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Prusia_Lama" class="mw-redirect" title="Prusia Lama">Prusia Lama</a>, tetapi kemudian berada di bawah kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Negara_Ordo_Teutonik" title="Negara Ordo Teutonik">Negara Ordo Teutonik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadipaten_Prusia" title="Kadipaten Prusia">Kadipaten Prusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Prusia" title="Kerajaan Prusia">Kerajaan Prusia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Kota ini hancur akibat <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> dan kemudian disita oleh <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>. Namanya lalu diganti menjadi Kaliningrad. Saat ini tidak banyak bangunan dan struktur kota tua Königsberg yang masih tersisa. </p><p>Dalam bahasa Jerman, Königsberg secara harfiah berarti "Gunung Raja". Sementara itu, berdasarkan dialek <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Hilir" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerman Hilir">Jerman Hilir</a> yang banyak dituturkan oleh mantan penduduknya, nama kota ini adalah <i>Kenigsbarg</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24300501">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .reference-text .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pelafalan</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Jerman">[ˈkʰeːnɪçsbarç]</a></span>). Nama-nama lain adalah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a>: <span lang="ru">Кёнигсберг, Королевец</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanisasi_aksara_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisasi aksara Rusia">tr.</a></small> <i>Kyonigsberg, Korolevets</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prusia_Lama" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Prusia Lama">Prusia Lama</a>: <i>Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lituania" title="Bahasa Lituania">bahasa Lituania</a>: <span lang="lt"><i>Karaliaučius</i></span> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia">bahasa Polandia</a>: <span lang="pl"><i>Królewiec</i></span>. </p><p>Königsberg didirikan pada tahun 1255 di situs Prusia Lama yang disebut <i>Twangste</i>. Kota ini didirikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Ordo_Teutonik" title="Ordo Teutonik">Ordo Teutonik</a> selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Salib_Utara" title="Perang Salib Utara">Perang Salib Utara</a> dan namanya dimaksudkan untuk menghormati Raja <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_dari_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II dari Bohemia">Ottokar II dari Bohemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_Companion_to_Medieval_Warfare_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge_Companion_to_Medieval_Warfare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kota ini kemudian berkembang menjadi kota pelabuhan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Baltik" title="Laut Baltik">Baltik</a> dan juga ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Negara_Ordo_Teutonik" title="Negara Ordo Teutonik">Negara Ordo Teutonik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadipaten_Prusia" title="Kadipaten Prusia">Kadipaten Prusia</a> (1525-1701) dan <a href="/wiki/Prusia_Timur" title="Prusia Timur">Prusia Timur</a>. Königsberg tetap menjadi tempat penobatan penguasa monarki Prusia meskipun ibu kotanya sudah dipindah ke <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> pada tahun 1701. Kota ini merupakan kota paling timur di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> hingga kota ini <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Pertempuran Königsberg">direbut Uni Soviet</a> pada tanggal 9 April 1945 menjelang berakhirnya <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>. </p><p>Dalam sejarahnya, kota ini juga merupakan kota universitas dan tempat berdirinya <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Albertina" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Albertina">Universitas Albertina</a> (didirikan tahun 1544). Selain itu, Königsberg merupakan pusat intelektual dan budaya Jerman yang penting. Banyak tokoh-tokoh penting yang pernah berdiam di kota ini, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Dach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Dach (halaman belum tersedia)">Simon Dach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz" title="Käthe Kollwitz">Käthe Kollwitz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._T._A._Hoffmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann (halaman belum tersedia)">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">David Hilbert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Miegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agnes Miegel (halaman belum tersedia)">Agnes Miegel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Wieck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Wieck (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Wieck</a>. </p><p>Sebagian besar penduduk kota ini menuturkan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a> dari abad ke-13 hingga ke-20, walaupun kota ini juga berdampak terhadap budaya Lituania dan Polandia.<sup id="cite_ref-zien_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zien-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Königsberg adalah pusat penerbitan sastra Luteran, termasuk terjemahan <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru</a> pertama dalam bahasa Polandia yang dicetak pada tahun 1551 serta buku pertama dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lituania" title="Bahasa Lituania">bahasa Lituania</a> dan katekisme Luteran pertama (keduanya diterbitkan tahun 1547). </p><p>Selama Perang Dunia II, Königsberg mengalami kerusakan akibat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_K%C3%B6nigsberg_selama_Perang_Dunia_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Königsberg selama Perang Dunia II (halaman belum tersedia)">pengeboman Sekutu</a> pada tahun 1944 dan <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Pertempuran Königsberg">Pertempuran Königsberg</a> pada tahun 1945. Kota ini direbut dan diduduki oleh <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Merah" title="Tentara Merah">Tentara Merah</a>. Penduduk Jermannya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelarian_dan_pengusiran_orang_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelarian dan pengusiran orang Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">telah melarikan diri</a> atau diusir, dan kota ini kemudian dimukimi oleh orang-orang Rusia dan kelompok etnis lain dari Uni Soviet. Walaupun sempat di<a href="/wiki/Rusifikasi" title="Rusifikasi">rusifikasi</a> menjadi Kyonigsberg (Кёнигсберг), namanya pada akhirnya diganti menjadi "Kaliningrad" pada tahun 1946 untuk menghormati pemimpin Soviet <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a>. </p><p>Kota ini kini merupakan ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Kaliningrad" title="Oblast Kaliningrad">Oblast Kaliningrad</a> di <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, yang merupakan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Eksklave" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksklave">eksklave</a> yang berbatasan dengan <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> di utara dan <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a> di selatan. Berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_internasional" title="Hukum internasional">hukum internasional</a>, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) tidak pernah diserahkan secara resmi kepada Uni Soviet setelah tahun 1945; wilayah tersebut hanya berada di bawah administrasi Soviet. Jerman saat ini tidak mengklaim wilayah ini, tetapi juga tidak pernah menampik kemungkinan penyatuan kembali Königsberg.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lituanus_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lituanus-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebagian besar penduduk Königsberg menganut kepercayaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Luteran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Luteran (halaman belum tersedia)">Luteran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantisme">denominasi Protestan lainnya</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Jumlah penduduk berdasarkan tahun</dt></dl> <ul><li>1400: 10.000</li> <li>1663: 40.000</li> <li>1819: 63.869</li> <li>1840: 70.839</li> <li>1855: 83.593</li> <li>1871: 112.092</li> <li>1880: 140.909</li> <li>1890: 172.796</li> <li>1900: 189.483 (termasuk militer), dengan 8.465 di antaranya orang <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> dan 3.975 <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-konversations_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-konversations-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1905: 223.770, dengan 10.320 di antaranya orang Katolik, 4.415 <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> dan 425 Polandia.<sup id="cite_ref-gemeindelexikon_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemeindelexikon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1910: 245.994</li> <li>1919: 260.895</li> <li>1925: 279.930, dengan 13.330 di antaranya orang Katolik, 4.050 Yahudi dan sekitar 6.000 kelompok lain.<sup id="cite_ref-brockhaus_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brockhaus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1933: 315.794</li> <li>1939: 372.164</li> <li>1945: 73.000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pasca <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Penyelesaian_Akhir_terhadap_Jerman" title="Perjanjian Penyelesaian Akhir terhadap Jerman">perjanjian Penyelesaian Akhir</a> tahun 1990, daerah Kaliningrad Rusia yang dulunya bernama Königsberg sebelum 1945 masih dipersengketakan oleh Polandia dan Lituania sampai sekarang.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Routledge_Companion_to_Medieval_Warfare-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_Companion_to_Medieval_Warfare_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bradbury, Jim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j6y0E6YO-oEC&pg=PA75"><i>Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare</i></a>. hlm. 75. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/-0-203-64466-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/-0-203-64466-2">-0-203-64466-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Companion+to+Medieval+Warfare&rft.pages=75&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=-0-203-64466-2&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj6y0E6YO-oEC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%B6nigsberg" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zien-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zien_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zieniukowa, J (2007). 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Archeologia, Historia, Ethnographia, et Linguarum Scientia</i>. <b>31</b>: 325–337.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Baltico-Slavica.+Archeologia%2C+Historia%2C+Ethnographia%2C+et+Linguarum+Scientia&rft.atitle=On+the+History+of+Polish+Language+in+K%C3%B6nigsberg&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=325-337&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Zieniukowa%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%B6nigsberg" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Stankevičius, Augustas (10 Januari 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2457472/moscow-accuses-lithuanian-president-of-territorial-claims-on-kaliningrad">"Moscow accuses Lithuanian president of 'territorial claims' on Kaliningrad"</a>. <i>lrt.lt</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">6 Februari</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrt.lt&rft.atitle=Moscow+accuses+Lithuanian+president+of+%E2%80%98territorial+claims%E2%80%99+on+Kaliningrad&rft.date=2025-01-10&rft.aulast=Stankevi%C4%8Dius&rft.aufirst=Augustas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fen%2Fnews-in-english%2F19%2F2457472%2Fmoscow-accuses-lithuanian-president-of-territorial-claims-on-kaliningrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%B6nigsberg" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lituanus-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lituanus_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lituanus.org/1992_1/92_1_02.htm">"THE STATUS OF THE KALININGRAD OBLAST UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW, LITHUANIAN QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES"</a>. lituanus.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+STATUS+OF+THE+KALININGRAD+OBLAST+UNDER+INTERNATIONAL+LAW%2C+LITHUANIAN+QUARTERLY+JOURNAL+OF+ARTS+AND+SCIENCES&rft.pub=lituanus.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lituanus.org%2F1992_1%2F92_1_02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%B6nigsberg" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-konversations-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-konversations_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</i>. 6th edition, vol. 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, hlm. 387 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Jerman" lang="Jerman">(Jerman)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gemeindelexikon-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gemeindelexikon_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen</i>. 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