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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":1035742,"created_at":"2011-10-23T06:10:21.361-07:00","from_world_paper_id":5386953,"updated_at":"2024-11-11T22:43:13.130-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Wiley Online Library","grobid_abstract":"Stories relating the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad, known as Hadith in Arabic, have long been esteemed by the vast majority of Muslims as a source of law and guidance second only to the Qur'an in authority.","publication_date":"2010,1,1","publication_name":"Religion Compass","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"6323890"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":15,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Qur'anists","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [870124]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = 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src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Qur'anists</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="870124" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AishaMusa41"><img alt="Profile image of Aisha Musa" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/870124/313252/34690519/s65_aisha.musa.png" />Aisha Musa</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, Religion Compass</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":6323890,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1035742/The_Quranists"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":6323890,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1035742/The_Quranists"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="6323890" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1035742" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="99803030" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99803030/%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_The_Other_Scripture_in_Isl%C4%81m">Ḥadīth: The Other Scripture in Islām</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51678501" href="https://emory.academia.edu/HamzaDudgeon">Hamza Dudgeon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ḥadīth (oral narrations) are less commonly known than the Qurʾān, which is known as the main scripture of Islām. However, it could be argued that Ḥadīth are much more influential in Islamic civilization than the Qurʾān. There are over 200,000 Ḥadīth with some stretching pages in length and others are merely two words. Some classical scholars such as al-Shāfiʿī (d. 820 CE) argued that the Ḥadīth explain the Qurʾān, which cannot be understood without these oral traditions. However, some classical scholars, such as Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 767) argued that Ḥadīth that contradicted the Qurʾān were to be thrown out. Such debates shaped Islamic jurisprudence for over a thousand years, as well as commentaries on the Qurʾān, discussions on gender, theology, Sufism, Prophetic Biography, and so on. In other words, it is a crucial corpus to understand, if one wants a basic understanding of Islamic civilization, whether for international policy, business, travel, interfaith dialogue, self-edification, or general cultural competency.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ḥadīth: The Other Scripture in Islām","attachmentId":100795108,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99803030/%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_The_Other_Scripture_in_Isl%C4%81m","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99803030/%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_The_Other_Scripture_in_Isl%C4%81m"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="121786591" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121786591/Development_of_Modern_Thoughts_in_Islam">Development of Modern Thoughts in Islam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="136750584" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EkaHendry3">Eka Hendry</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Al-Albab, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of Modern Thoughts in Islam","attachmentId":116585957,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121786591/Development_of_Modern_Thoughts_in_Islam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121786591/Development_of_Modern_Thoughts_in_Islam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="22496141" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22496141/From_Haggadic_Exegesis_to_Myth_Popular_Stories_of_the_Prophets_in_Islam">From Haggadic Exegesis to Myth: Popular Stories of the Prophets in Islam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3581831" href="https://umich.academia.edu/GottfriedHagen">Gottfried Hagen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Roberta Sabbath, ed., Sacred Tropes: Tanakh, New Testament and Qur’an as Literature and Culture, 301-16</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"From Haggadic Exegesis to Myth: Popular Stories of the Prophets in Islam","attachmentId":43115635,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22496141/From_Haggadic_Exegesis_to_Myth_Popular_Stories_of_the_Prophets_in_Islam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22496141/From_Haggadic_Exegesis_to_Myth_Popular_Stories_of_the_Prophets_in_Islam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="1746741" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1746741/Quran_and_Hadith">Qur'an and Hadith</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28342" href="https://udenver.academia.edu/AndreaStanton">Andrea L Stanton</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Qur'an and Hadith","attachmentId":50885334,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1746741/Quran_and_Hadith","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1746741/Quran_and_Hadith"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="103721367" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103721367/Prophetic_Hadith_and_the_Qura_n_Only_Movement_The_Response_of_Muslim_Scholars">Prophetic Hadith and the Qur'ān Only Movement: The Response of Muslim Scholars</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3019167" href="https://embryriddle.academia.edu/EmadHamdeh">Emad Hamdeh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article explores the Quran-only movement, which advocates for the exclusive interpretation of Islam based on the Quran without reference to the Prophetic Hadith. This movement emerged in the nineteenth century and represents a departure from traditional Islamic scholarship. To shed light on the complex intersection between religious tradition and modernity, this essay discusses the influence of modernity and Westernization on the development of Quranist thought. It then provides a succinct overview of two primary contentions maintained by Muslim scholars who oppose the Quranist movement. The first argument concerns the authority of hadith, while the second concerns their authenticity and historical reliability. With regard to the former, traditional Muslim scholars underscore the significance of the Prophet's life for deriving Islamic belief and practice from the Qur'an, knowledge that can only be acquired from the Hadith. The second argument examined here involves the ways in which Islamic scholars defend the authenticity of the Prophetic Hadith with probabilistic reasoning, suggesting that rejecting the Hadith solely based on the absence of absolute certainty is not reasonable or consistent with the broader Islamic intellectual tradition. They argue that accepting something that is probable but not certain is common in many fields of study, including hadīth scholarship. In the science of hadīth ('ilm al- hadīth), scholars have developed what they consider to be sophisticated methods to evaluate the authenticity of hadīth reports based on various degrees of probability. Therefore, they advocate for an approach that acknowledges the role of probability in hadīth scholarship while upholding the rigorous standards of authenticity and reliability that have been developed over centuries of Islamic scholarship.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prophetic Hadith and the Qur'ān Only Movement: The Response of Muslim Scholars","attachmentId":103651971,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103721367/Prophetic_Hadith_and_the_Qura_n_Only_Movement_The_Response_of_Muslim_Scholars","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103721367/Prophetic_Hadith_and_the_Qura_n_Only_Movement_The_Response_of_Muslim_Scholars"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2545908" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2545908/Hadith_Studies_in_Bloomsbury_Companion_to_Islamic_Studies">Hadith Studies in Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="870124" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AishaMusa41">Aisha Musa</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hadith Studies in Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies","attachmentId":30560039,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2545908/Hadith_Studies_in_Bloomsbury_Companion_to_Islamic_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2545908/Hadith_Studies_in_Bloomsbury_Companion_to_Islamic_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="35390038" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35390038/Hadith_origins_and_developments">Hadith: origins and developments</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6693572" href="https://ibnhaldun.academia.edu/RecepSenturk">Recep Senturk</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Muslims produced several metanarratives on hadith since its rise as a narrative genre in Islamic history, which gradually became more and more systematic. Among them are usul al-hadith, al-fiqh and ilm al-rijal. Sociologically speaking, this phenomenon was to be expected because every major narrative in the world, religious or secular, gives rise to its metanarrative(s). These metanarratives may sometimes conflict with each other. Indeed, it is commonly observed that every major narrative is subject to conflicting interpretations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hadith: origins and developments","attachmentId":55250087,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35390038/Hadith_origins_and_developments","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35390038/Hadith_origins_and_developments"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="4866323" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4866323/Who_Wrote_The_Quran">Who Wrote The Quran?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6326007" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinSomaliland">Hussein Somaliland</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Who Wrote The Quran?","attachmentId":32143700,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4866323/Who_Wrote_The_Quran","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4866323/Who_Wrote_The_Quran"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="35849264" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35849264/The_Influence_Of_Abbasid_Empire_and_Community_Needs_in_The_Development_of_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_Literature_and_Islamic_Prophetology">The Influence Of Abbasid Empire and Community Needs in The Development of Ḥadīth Literature and Islamic Prophetology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="73754238" href="https://usim.academia.edu/AhmadSanusiAzmi">Ahmad Sanusi Azmi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">At the time of Abbasid Empire, the Caliph's court seems to give serious attention in safeguarding the prophethood of Muḥammad and supporting the development of ḥadīth literature. Not only had the Muslims scholar, his own Caliph also produced a work on Islamic Prophetology. Caliph al-Ma'mūn (d. 218/833) has been documented as one of the Abbasid Caliph that produced a work known as Risāla fī Aʿlām al-Nubuwwa. In fact, the Abbasid ruler were also identified as participating in ḥadīth discourse and praising for the ḥadīth colloquy. This actions clearly exhibit the court's patronage of ḥadīth discourse. In his account, Ibn al-Samʿānī records that al-Manṣūr (d. 158/775), al-Rashīd (d. 193/809) and al-Ma'mūn (d. 218/833) were among the Abbasid Caliphate's supporters who extolled the ḥadīth colloquium. This study aims to explore the Abbasid's court and community influence on the development of ḥadīth discourse and Islamic Prophetology. The study is qualitative in nature, in which the researcher employed both critical and analytical analysis on Islamic sources related to the subject. It is indeed an arduous task to sift the enormous amount of Islamic sources, thus, this study is focuses on works produced within the ninth century as its parameter of study. The study in its finding confirms that the Abbasid court appears as playing significant role to safeguarding the prophethood of Muḥammad and expanding ḥadīth literature. The study also ascertains salient evidences bearing witnesses to Muslim and non-Muslim encounters concerning the prophethood of Muḥammad that contribute to the development of Islamic discourse on the subject.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Influence Of Abbasid Empire and Community Needs in The Development of Ḥadīth Literature and Islamic Prophetology","attachmentId":55727425,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35849264/The_Influence_Of_Abbasid_Empire_and_Community_Needs_in_The_Development_of_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_Literature_and_Islamic_Prophetology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35849264/The_Influence_Of_Abbasid_Empire_and_Community_Needs_in_The_Development_of_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_Literature_and_Islamic_Prophetology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="99245190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99245190/Hadith_Muhammads_Legacy_in_the_Medieval_and_Modern_World_By_Jonathan_A_C_Brown_Oxford_One_World_2009_Pp_308_19_99">Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. By Jonathan A.C. Brown. Oxford: One World, 2009. Pp. 308. £19.99</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4594993" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JonathanACBrown">Jonathan Brown</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Qur'anic Studies, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. By Jonathan A.C. Brown. Oxford: One World, 2009. 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You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="47271718" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47271718/Jonathan_A_C_Brown_Hadith_Muhammads_Legacy_in_the_Medieval_and_Modern_World_Foundations_of_Islam_xii_308_pp_Oxford_Oneworld_Publications_2009_19_99_ISBN_978_1_85168_663_6">Jonathan A. C. Brown: Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. (Foundations of Islam.) xii, 308 pp. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2009. £19.99. 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data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2105672" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2105672/The_Qur%C4%81n">The Qur'ān</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2741042" href="https://saiacs.academia.edu/GordonNickel">Gordon D Nickel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Islamic World, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Qur'ān","attachmentId":30651403,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2105672/The_Qur%C4%81n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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