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fontes</a>, mas que <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo. Ajude a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (Encontre fontes: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26as_epq%3DZen">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?hl%3Dpt%26tbm%3Dnws%26q%3DZen%26oq%3DZen">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?%26as_brr%3D0%26as_epq%3DZen">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl%3Dpt%26q%3DZen">A</a>)). (Dezembro de 2016) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="hatnote"> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"> Nota: Para outros significados, veja <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Zen (desambiguação)">Zen (desambiguação)</a>. </div> Zen é o nome <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_japonesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua japonesa">japonês</a> da tradição <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budismo_Chan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budismo Chan">Ch'an</a>, que surgiu na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a> por volta do século VII.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> O Zen costuma ser associado ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budismo">Budismo</a> do ramo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maaiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maaiana">mahayana</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Foi cultivado, inicialmente, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a> onde recebeu influências taoistas<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> e posteriormente migrou para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japão">Japão</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietn%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnã">Vietnã</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coreia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coreia">Coreia</a>. A prática básica do zen japonês é o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zazen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zazen">zazen</a> (literalmente, "meditar sentado"), tipo de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medita%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meditação">meditação</a> contemplativa que visa a levar o praticante à "experiência direta da realidade" através da observação da própria mente.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Budismo_brasil_sotozen_sao_joaquim.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Budismo_brasil_sotozen_sao_joaquim.jpg/220px-Budismo_brasil_sotozen_sao_joaquim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Budismo_brasil_sotozen_sao_joaquim.jpg/330px-Budismo_brasil_sotozen_sao_joaquim.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Budismo_brasil_sotozen_sao_joaquim.jpg/440px-Budismo_brasil_sotozen_sao_joaquim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></a> <figcaption> Templo Busshinji da escola zen <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sōtō">soto</a>, na cidade de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brasil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Nelumbo_nucifera2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nelumbo_nucifera2.jpg/220px-Nelumbo_nucifera2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nelumbo_nucifera2.jpg/330px-Nelumbo_nucifera2.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nelumbo_nucifera2.jpg/440px-Nelumbo_nucifera2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="702"></a> <figcaption> A flor de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nymphaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nymphaea">lótus</a>, a espécie de flor que foi supostamente usada durante o Sermão da Flor </figcaption> </figure> Tal como o conhecemos hoje, ele só foi possível devido à forte influência que o Budismo na China sofreu do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taoismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taoismo">taoismo</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a> Para alguns estudiosos, o zen é uma síntese dessas duas correntes de pensamento (Budismo e Taoísmo).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> O Zen enfatiza <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Quatro_Esfor%C3%A7os_Corretos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Quatro Esforços Corretos (página não existe)">autocontrole</a> rigoroso, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_budista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meditação budista">prática da meditação</a>, a percepção da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Svasa%E1%B9%83vedana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Svasaṃvedana (página não existe)">natureza da mente</a> (見性, Ch. jiànxìng, Jp. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kensho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kensho">kensho</a>, "perceber a verdadeira natureza") e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tathata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tathata">natureza das coisas</a>, e a expressão pessoal dessa intuição na vida cotidiana, especialmente para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisatva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisatva">benefício de outros</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoshizawa201041-8">[8]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESekida1989-9">[9]</a> Como tal, não enfatiza o mero conhecimento de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutras?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutras">sutras</a><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoceskiYear_unknown-9">[9]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoceski-10">[10]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorup20088-11">[11]</a> e doutrina e favorece a compreensão direta através da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A1tica_espiritual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prática espiritual">prática espiritual</a> e da interação com um professor<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYampolski2003a3-12">[12]</a> ou mestre realizado. Os ensinamentos do Zen incluem várias fontes do pensamento Maaiana, sobretudo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iogachara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iogachara">Iogachara</a>, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C5%ABtras_Tath%C4%81gatagarbha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sūtras Tathāgatagarbha (página não existe)">sūtras Tathāgatagarbha</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=La%E1%B9%85k%C4%81vat%C4%81ra_S%C5%ABtra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (página não existe)">Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra</a> e a escola <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Huayan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Huayan (página não existe)">Huayan</a>, com ênfase na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natureza_de_Buda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natureza de Buda">natureza de Buda</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Doutrina_das_duas_verdades&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Doutrina das duas verdades (página não existe)">totalidade</a> e no ideal <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisatva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisatva">Bodisatva</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumoulin2005a48-13">[13]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELievens198152%E2%80%9353-14">[14]</a> A literatura <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%81ramit%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prajñāpāramitā (página não existe)">prajñāpāramitā</a>,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumoulin2005a41%E2%80%9345-15">[15]</a> bem como o pensamento <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madhyamaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madhyamaka">madhyamaka</a>, também foram influentes na formação da natureza <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teologia_negativa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teologia negativa">apofática</a> e às vezes iconoclasta da retórica zen.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a> No Zen japonês, há duas vertentes principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sōtō">soto</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rinzai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rinzai">rinzai</a>. Enquanto a escola soto dá maior ênfase à meditação silenciosa, a escola <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rinzai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rinzai">rinzai</a> faz amplo uso dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koan">koans</a>, ou "enigmas". Atualmente, o Zen é uma das escolas budistas mais conhecidas e de maior expansão no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundo_ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mundo ocidental">Ocidente</a>. Popularizadores do Zen incluem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reginald_Horace_Blyth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reginald Horace Blyth">Reginald Horace Blyth</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._T._Suzuki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alan_Watts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philip_Kapleau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philip Kapleau">Philip Kapleau</a>, que publicaram vários livros entre 1950 e 1975, contribuindo ao interesse crescente no Ocidente, bem como a publicidade por parte dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_beat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geração beat">poetas beat</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken1994-16">[16]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Diferen%C3%A7as_do_nome_%22zen%22">1 Diferenças do nome "zen"</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hist%C3%B3ria">2 História</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Os_Seis_Patriarcas_do_Zen_na_China">2.1 Os Seis Patriarcas do Zen na China</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#O_Zen_no_Jap%C3%A3o">2.2 O Zen no Japão</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Budismo_e_Zen">3 Budismo e Zen</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pr%C3%A1ticas_e_ensinamentos_do_zen">4 Práticas e ensinamentos do zen</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zazen">4.1 Zazen</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#O_professor">4.2 O professor</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A_ilumina%C3%A7%C3%A3o">4.3 A iluminação</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ensinamentos_radicais">4.4 Ensinamentos radicais</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#O_zen_e_outras_religi%C3%B5es">5 O zen e outras religiões</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Textos_Zen">6 Textos Zen</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#O_Serm%C3%A3o_da_Flor">6.1 O Sermão da Flor</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Par%C3%A1bola_de_Buda">6.2 Parábola de Buda</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Temperamento">6.3 Temperamento</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A_estrada_enlameada">6.4 A estrada enlameada</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tudo_%C3%A9_melhor">6.5 Tudo é melhor</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#O_meu_cora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_arde_como_fogo">6.6 O meu coração arde como fogo</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ver_tamb%C3%A9m">7 Ver também</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia">8 Bibliografia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias">9 Referências</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_externas">10 Ligações externas</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Diferenças_do_nome_"zen"">Diferenças do nome "zen"</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Diferenças do nome "zen"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <table cellpadding="5" style="margin:auto;" class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_japonesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua japonesa">Japonês</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_chinesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua chinesa">Chinês</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_coreana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua coreana">Coreano</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sânscrito">Sânscrito</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaji">Romaji</a></td> <td>Zen</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_mandarim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua mandarim">Mandarim</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></td> <td>Chán</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_revisada_do_coreano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanização revisada do coreano">Romanização revisada do coreano</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seon">Seon</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização">Romanização</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dhyana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyana">Dhyāna</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiragana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></td> <td>ぜん</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_mandarim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua mandarim">Mandarim</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade-Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a></td> <td>Ch'an</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/McCune-Reischauer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="McCune-Reischauer">McCune-Reischauer</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C5%8Fn&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sŏn (página não existe)">Sŏn</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">Devanāgarī</a></td> <td>ध्यान</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></td> <td>禅</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canton%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonês">Cantonês</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jyutping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></td> <td>Sim4</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hangul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></td> <td>선</td> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali">Pali</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamita">Vietnamita</a></th> <td>(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xangai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xangai">Xangai</a>) <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_wu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua wu">Língua wu</a></td> <td>Zeu [zø]</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></td> <td>禪</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização">Romanização</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dhyana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyana">Jhāna</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_Vietnamita&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alfabeto Vietnamita (página não existe)">Quốc ngữ</a></td> <td>Thiền</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chin%C3%AAs_Tradicional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinês Tradicional">Chinês Tradicional</a></td> <td>禪</td> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"></th> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">Devanāgarī</a></td> <td>झान</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Han_tu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Han tu (página não existe)">Hán tự</a></td> <td>禅</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chin%C3%AAs_simplificado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinês simplificado">Chinês simplificado</a></td> <td>禅</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cingal%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cingalês">Cingalês</a></td> <td>ඣාන</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG/220px-Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="528"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG/220px-Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG/330px-Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG/440px-Ikebana_Rinpa.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Exemplo de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikebana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikebana">iquebana</a>, tradicional arte japonesa de arranjo floral com forte influência do zen </figcaption> </figure> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="22" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Commons </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"> O <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCategory%253AZen%2BBuddhism%26uselang%3Dpt">Zen</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="História">História</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: História" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Bodhidarma.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bodhidarma.jpg/220px-Bodhidarma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="489" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 489px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bodhidarma.jpg/220px-Bodhidarma.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="489" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bodhidarma.jpg/330px-Bodhidarma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bodhidarma.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Neste texto em japonês, sobre o desenho de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodhidharma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a>, lê-se: "O zen aponta diretamente para o coração humano, vê sua natureza e o transforma em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buda">buda</a>". Foi feita por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hakuin_Ekaku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hakuin Ekaku">Hakuin Ekaku</a> (1685 a 1768). </figcaption> </figure> Como todas as escolas budistas, o zen remete as suas raízes ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budismo">budismo</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índia">indiano</a>. A palavra "zen" vem do termo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sânscrito">sânscrito</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna">dhyāna</a>, que denota o estado de concentração típico da prática <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medita%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meditação">meditativa</a>. Na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a>, esse termo foi <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Translitera%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transliteração">transliterado</a> como channa e logo reduzido à sua forma mais curta, ch'an (禪). Daí, para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_coreana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua coreana">coreano</a> como sŏn (선) e, finalmente, para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_japonesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua japonesa">japonês</a> como zen. Segundo os relatos tradicionais, o estilo de prática zen foi levado da Índia à China pelo monge indiano <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodhidharma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a> (em japonês, Daruma) por volta do ano 520. Embora a historicidade desse relato tenha sido colocada em dúvida por estudiosos modernos, a história (ou lenda) de Bodhidharma continua sendo a metáfora fundamental do zen sobre o cerne de sua prática. Segundo conta o "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Registro_da_Transmiss%C3%A3o_da_L%C3%A2mpada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Registro da Transmissão da Lâmpada">Registro da Transmissão da Lâmpada</a>", um dos mais antigos textos do zen, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodhidharma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a> chegou à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a> pelo território da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Liang&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dinastia Liang (página não existe)">Dinastia Liang</a> e, devido à sua fama de sábio, foi imediatamente convocado à corte do famoso <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imperador_Wu-ti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Imperador Wu-ti (página não existe)">Imperador Wu-ti</a>. O imperador, que havia apoiado enormemente o budismo na China, perguntou a Bodhidharma sobre o mérito que havia ganhado por apoiar o budismo, esperando que esse mérito lhe garantisse uma boa vida em sua encarnação seguinte. Bodhidharma, porém, respondeu: "Nenhum mérito". O imperador, enraivecido, perguntou então: "Quem é esse que está diante de mim?" (em linguagem atual, algo como "Quem você pensa que é?") Bodhidharma respondeu: "Não sei". Aturdido, o imperador concluiu que Bodhidharma devia ser louco e o expulsou da corte. Um dos ministros então perguntou ao imperador: "Vossa Majestade Imperial sabe quem é esta pessoa?" O imperador disse que não sabia. O ministro disse: "Ele é o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisatva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisatva">bodisatva</a> da compaixão, portador do selo do coração de Buda"". Cheio de arrependimento, o imperador quis chamar Bodhidharma de volta, mas o ministro advertiu que ele não voltaria nem mesmo se todos os chineses fossem buscá-lo. Outras pessoas, porém, ficaram intrigadas com sua resposta e o seguiram até a caverna aonde ele havia ido viver. Lá, se tornaram seus discípulos, e descobriram que Bodhidharma era o herdeiro espiritual de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahakashyapa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahakashyapa (página não existe)">Mahakashyapa</a>, um dos grandes discípulos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buda">Buda</a>. De acordo com os ensinamentos tradicionais, Bodhidharma não sabia responder porque sua verdadeira natureza, assim como a verdadeira natureza de todas as coisas, estava além do conhecimento discursivo, de definições e de palavras. É a esta experiência direta da realidade que aspira o zen. Mahakashyapa, de quem Bodhidharma era herdeiro espiritual e sucessor, havia tido essa experiência e se iluminado. Segundos os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, Mahakashyapa foi o único discípulo de Buda a compreender o seu <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutra_do_L%C3%B3tus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutra do Lótus">Discurso do Lótus</a>, em que Buda, sem dizer nada, apenas levantou uma flor. Era a realidade imediata, além das palavras.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Depois de treinar seus discípulos por muitos anos, Bodhidharma morreu, deixando o seu aluno <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huike">Huike</a> (em japonês, Daiso Eka) como sucessor. Huike foi o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patriarcas_do_Zen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Patriarcas do Zen (página não existe)">segundo patriarca</a> do zen e também deixou uma linha de sucessão da qual pouco se sabe, até chegar a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huineng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huineng">Huineng</a> (em japonês, Daikan Eno, 638-713), o sexto e último patriarca. Huineng, um dos maiores mestres da história do zen, participou de uma famosa disputa quando sucedeu a seu mestre: um grupo de monges recusava-se a aceitá-lo como patriarca, e propunha outro praticante, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shenxiu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shenxiu (página não existe)">Shenxiu</a>, em seu lugar. Sob ameaças, Huineng foi obrigado a fugir para um templo no sul da China; no final, apoiado pela maioria dos monges, foi reconhecido como patriarca. Algumas décadas depois, porém, a contenda foi ressuscitada. Um grupo de monges, dizendo-se sucessor de Shenxiu, enfrentou um outro grupo, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Escola_do_Sul&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Escola do Sul (página não existe)">Escola do Sul</a>, que se apresentava como sucessora de Huineng. Depois de debates acalorados, a Escola do Sul acabou prevalecendo e seus rivais desapareceram. Os registros dessa disputa são os mais antigos documentos históricos fiéis sobre a escola zen de que dispomos hoje. Mais tarde, monges coreanos foram à China para estudar as práticas da escola de Bodhidharma. Quando chegaram, o que encontraram foi uma escola que já havia desenvolvido identidade própria, com fortes influências do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taoismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taoismo">taoismo</a>, e que já era conhecida pelo nome chan. Com o tempo, o chan acabou se estabelecendo na Coreia, onde recebeu o nome <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seon">seon</a>. Da mesma forma, monges chegavam de outros países da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ásia">Ásia</a> para estudar o Chan, e a escola foi-se espalhando pelos países vizinhos. No Vietnã, recebeu o nome <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thien&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thien (página não existe)">thien</a> e, no Japão, ficou conhecida como zen. Através da história, essas escolas cresceram de maneira independente, tendo desenvolvido identidades próprias e características bastante diferentes umas das outras. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Os_Seis_Patriarcas_do_Zen_na_China">Os Seis Patriarcas do Zen na China</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Os Seis Patriarcas do Zen na China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodhidharma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a> (बोधिधर्म) (c. 440 - c. 528)</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huike">Huike</a> (慧可) (487 - 593)</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sengcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sengcan">Sengcan</a> (僧燦) (? - 606)</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daoxin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daoxin">Daoxin</a> (道信) (580 - 651)</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hongren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hongren">Hongren</a> (弘忍) (601 - 674)</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huineng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huineng">Huineng</a> (慧能) (638 - 713)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="O_Zen_no_Japão">O Zen no Japão</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: O Zen no Japão" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg/300px-RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg/300px-RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg/450px-RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg/600px-RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jardim_de_pedras_japon%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jardim de pedras japonês">jardim seco</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dan-ji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ryōan-ji">Ryōan-ji</a>, um templo da escola rinzai em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quioto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quioto">Quioto</a>, no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japão">Japão</a> </figcaption> </figure> No Japão, há quatro escolas de zen: a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rinzai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rinzai">rinzai</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sōtō">soto</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obaku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Obaku">obaku</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanbo_Kyodan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanbo Kyodan">Sanbo Kyodan</a>. A escola rinzai descende da escola chinesa do mestre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linji_Yixuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linji Yixuan">Linji Yixuan</a> (em japonês, Rinzai Gigen) e foi levada até ao Japão em 1191 por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=My%C5%8Dan_Eisai&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Myōan Eisai (página não existe)">Myōan Eisai</a>, tendo adotado o nome japonês de seu fundador. A sua prática caracteriza-se por uma busca ativa da iluminação, através de processos árduos como o trabalho com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koan">koans</a> e a prática de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artes_marciais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artes marciais">artes marciais</a>, além de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zazen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zazen">meditação</a>. Com traços mais intelectuais e práticas mais ativas, a escola rinzai foi adotada pelas classes dominantes, como a dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samurai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samurai">samurais</a>, o que lhe proporcionou influência e prestígio, mas que limitou o seu número de adeptos. A obra "A Mente Liberta", de autoria do monge Takuan Sōhō (1573-1645) da escola rinzai, é um dos primeiros registros de fusão entre o zen e a arte da espada.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-banz%C3%A9-18">[18]</a> A escola soto descende da escola chinesa <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caodong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caodong">caodong</a>, que foi levada ao Japão no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século XIII">século XIII</a> pelo célebre mestre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dogen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogen">Eihei Dogen Zenji</a> (1200-1253). A sua prática fundamental é a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shikantaza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a> ("apenas sentar-se"), um tipo simples de meditação cuja prática é identificada com a própria iluminação. A sua simplicidade atraiu os governadores rurais e a classe camponesa, proporcionando à escola um grande número de adeptos. Atualmente, é a maior escola de zen tanto no Japão quanto no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundo_ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mundo ocidental">Ocidente</a>. Em tempos recentes, a soto exerceu papel de destaque no estabelecimento do zen no Ocidente, enviando mestres como o pioneiro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shunryu_Suzuki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shunryu Suzuki">Shunryu Suzuki</a> para fundar mosteiros e centros de prática. No Brasil, todos os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sensei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensei">senseis</a> (professores de zen que receberam a transmissão do Dharma) em atividade são da escola soto. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obaku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Obaku">obaku</a> foi fundada no Japão em 1661 pelo monge chinês <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yinyuan_Longgi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yinyuan Longgi (página não existe)">Yinyuan Longgi</a> (em japonês, Ingen Ryuki, 1592-1673), que havia sido treinado na escola de Linji Yixuan. Finalmente, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanbo_Kyodan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanbo Kyodan">Sanbo Kyodan</a> ("Escola dos Três Tesouros") é a escola de zen mais recente do Japão. Foi fundada em 1954 por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yasutani_Hakuun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yasutani Hakuun (página não existe)">Yasutani Hakuun</a>, discípulo e sucessor de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Harada_Daiun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Harada Daiun (página não existe)">Harada Daiun</a>. Ambos foram treinados e receberam a transmissão do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dharma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> na escola soto, e Harada também completou o treinamento de koans da escola rinzai. Ainda assim, sentiam-se insatisfeitos com a prática de zen disponível no Japão. Deste modo, a Sanbo Kyodan foi fundada para ser uma escola que congregasse tantos as práticas da soto quanto as da rinzai, e se focasse em atingir o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satori">satori</a>. Aceitando na prática que tanto monges quanto leigos podem atingir a iluminação, ambos tinham tratamento igualitário, podendo inclusive receber a transmissão do Dharma e ocupar cargos de liderança na hierarquia da escola. Além disso, movidos pelo espírito libertário do Japão pós-<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, a Sanbo Kyodan recebeu e treinou ocidentais, tanto zen-budistas quanto de qualquer outra religião. Por isso, apesar de ser uma escola pequena no Japão, a Sanbo Kyodan exerceu grande influência no zen praticado no Ocidente—mestres como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_Aitken&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert Aitken (página não existe)">Robert Aitken</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philip_Kapleau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philip Kapleau">Philip Kapleau</a> e o padre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugo_Enomiya-Lassalle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle">Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle</a> foram formados lá. Alguns mestres contemporâneos, como Shunryu Suzuki e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Harada_Daiun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Harada Daiun (página não existe)">Harada Daiun</a>, já criticaram muito o zen no Japão atual, descrevendo-o como um sistema formalizado de rituais vazios, em que poucos praticantes realmente atingem a iluminação, com templos comparáveis a negócios familiares, passados de pai para filho (pois os monges podem casar-se), onde os monges se limitam a oficiar funerais e casamentos, pelos quais cobram pequenas fortunas. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Budismo_e_Zen">Budismo e Zen</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Budismo e Zen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> O zen é um ramo da tradição budista <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana">mahayana</a> e baseia-se fundamentalmente nos ensinamentos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Siddhartha Gautama</a>, o Buda histórico e fundador do budismo. No entanto, através de sua história, o zen também foi recebendo influências das diversas culturas dos países por onde passou. O seu período de formação na China, em particular, determinou muito de sua identidade. Ensinamentos e práticas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taoismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taoismo">taoistas</a> exerceram grande influência no chan chinês. Conceitos como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wu_wei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wu wei">wu wei</a>, a natureza fluida da realidade e a "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pedra_n%C3%A3o_entalhada&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pedra não entalhada (página não existe)">pedra não entalhada</a>" ainda podem ser identificados no zen japonês e nas escolas correlatas. Mesmo a tradição zen de "mestres loucos" é claramente uma continuação da tradição dos mestres taoistas. Outra influência, embora menor, veio do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confucionismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confucionismo">confucionismo</a> e a isso soma-se, ainda, a influência que o zen recebeu do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xinto%C3%ADsmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xintoísmo">xintoísmo</a> ao chegar no Japão. Tais peculiaridades já levaram alguns estudiosos a considerar o zen como uma escola "independente", fora da tradição mahayana — ou até mesmo fora do budismo. Essas posições, no entanto, são minoritárias: a vasta maioria dos estudiosos considera o zen uma escola budista, inserida na tradição mahayana. Todas as escolas de zen são versadas em filosofia e doutrina budistas, incluindo as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quatro_Nobres_Verdades?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quatro Nobres Verdades">Quatro Nobres Verdades</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nobre_Caminho_%C3%93ctuplo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nobre Caminho Óctuplo">Nobre Caminho Óctuplo</a> e as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paramitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paramitas">Paramitas</a>. No entanto, a ênfase do zen em experimentar a realidade diretamente, além de ideias e palavras, o mantém sempre nos limites da tradição. Essa abertura permitiu (e permite) que não budistas praticassem o zen, como o padre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesu%C3%ADtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuítas">jesuíta</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugo_Enomiya-Lassalle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle">Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle</a>, que chegou a receber a transmissão do Dharma, e muitos outros. Existe até mesmo uma corrente de "zen cristão", assim como outras que se denominam "não sectárias". </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Práticas_e_ensinamentos_do_zen">Práticas e ensinamentos do zen</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Práticas e ensinamentos do zen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Enso.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Enso.jpg/250px-Enso.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="344" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="715"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 344px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Enso.jpg/250px-Enso.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="344" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Enso.jpg/375px-Enso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Enso.jpg/500px-Enso.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Enso - Caligrafia de Kanjuro Shibata XX, ca. 2000 </figcaption> </figure> De um modo geral, os ensinamentos do zen criticam o estudo de textos e o desejo por realizações mundanas, recomendando, antes, a dedicação à meditação (zazen) como forma de experimentar a mente e a realidade de maneira direta. No entanto, o zen não chega a ser uma doutrina <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quietismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quietismo">quietista</a> - o mestre chan chinês <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baizhang&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Baizhang (página não existe)">Baizhang</a> (em japonês, Hyakujo, 720-814), por exemplo, dedicava-se ao trabalho braçal em seu monastério. Ele tinha, por lema, um ditado que ficou famoso entre os praticantes de zen: "Um dia sem trabalho é um dia sem comida." De fato, o zen tem uma longa tradição de trabalho meditativo, desde atividades braçais até atividades mais refinadas, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caligrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caligrafia">caligrafia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikebana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikebana">iquebana</a> e a famosa <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cerim%C3%B3nia_do_ch%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cerimónia do chá">cerimónia do chá</a> - além das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artes_marciais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artes marciais">artes marciais</a>, às quais o zen sempre esteve ligado. Essas práticas estão bem fundamentadas nas escrituras budistas, principalmente nos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutra">sutras</a> Mahayana compostos na Índia e na China, em particular o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sutra_da_Plataforma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sutra da Plataforma (página não existe)">Sutra da Plataforma</a> de Huineng, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutra_do_Cora%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutra do Coração">Sutra do Coração</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutra_do_Diamante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutra do Diamante">Sutra do Diamante</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lankavatara_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lankavatara Sutra (página não existe)">Lankavatara Sutra</a> e o Samantamukha Parivarta, um capítulo do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutra_do_L%C3%B3tus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutra do Lótus">Sutra do Lótus</a>. A grande influência do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lankavatara_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lankavatara Sutra (página não existe)">Lankavatara Sutra</a>, em particular, levou à formação da filosofia "apenas mente" do zen, na qual a consciência em si mesma é a única realidade. O zen não é um estilo de prática intelectual ou solitário. Templos e centros de prática congregam sempre um grupo de praticantes (uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sangha_(Budismo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Budismo)">sangha</a>), e conduzem atividades diárias e retiros mensais (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sesshin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sesshin (página não existe)">sesshins</a>). Além disso, o zen é tido como um "estilo de vida" e não apenas como um conjunto de práticas ou um estado de consciência. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zazen">Zazen</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Zazen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Para o zen, experimentar a realidade diretamente é experimentar o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nirvana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a>. Para experimentar a realidade diretamente, é preciso desapegar-se de palavras, conceitos e discursos. Para se desapegar disso, é preciso meditar. Por isso, o zazen ("meditação sentada") é a prática fundamental do zen. Ao meditar, o praticante senta-se sobre uma pequena almofada redonda (o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zafu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zafu">zafu</a>) e assume a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postura_de_l%C3%B3tus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Postura de lótus">postura de lótus</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Postura_de_meio_l%C3%B3tus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Postura de meio lótus (página não existe)">postura de meio lótus</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Postura_burmanesa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Postura burmanesa (página não existe)">postura burmanesa</a> ou a postura de seiza. Unindo as mãos um pouco abaixo do umbigo (fazendo o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mudra_c%C3%B3smico&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mudra cósmico (página não existe)">mudra cósmico</a>), ele semicerra suas pálpebras, pousando a vista cerca de um metro à sua frente. Na escola rinzai, os praticantes sentam-se virados para o centro da sala. Na escola soto, sentam-se virados para a parede. Então o praticante "segue a sua respiração", contando cada ciclo de inspiração e expiração, até chegar a dez. Então o ciclo recomeça. Enquanto isso, a sua única tarefa é manter uma mente relaxada, aberta, concentrada, mas sem tensão, e estar presente no "agora" do momento, sem se deixar levar por pensamentos ou ruminações. Quando isso acontece, ele volta a concentrar-se na contagem. Os praticantes mais experientes, cujo poder de concentração (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samadhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Samadhi">samadhi</a>) é maior, podem abster-se de contar ou seguir sua respiração. Fazendo assim, eles estarão praticando o tipo de zazen chamado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shikantaza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shikantaza">shikantaza</a>, "apenas sentar-se". A duração de um período de meditação varia de acordo com a escola. Embora o período tradicional de meditação seja o tempo que uma vareta de incenso leva para queimar (de 35 a 40 minutos), escolas como a Sanbo Kyodan recomendam a seus alunos que não meditem por mais de 25 minutos de cada vez, pois a meditação pode tornar-se inerte. Na maioria das escolas, porém, os monges rotineiramente meditam entre quatro e seis períodos de 30-40 minutos, todos os dias. Quanto a leigos, o mestre Dogen dizia que cinco minutos diários já eram benéficos—o que importa é a constância. Durante os retiros (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sesshin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sesshin (página não existe)">sesshins</a>) mensais, porém, as atividades são intensificadas. Com duração de um, três, cinco ou sete dias, a rotina dos retiros prevê de nove a 12 períodos de 30-40 minutos por dia, ou até mais. Entre cada período de zazen, os praticantes "descansam" fazendo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinhin">kinhin</a> (meditação andando). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="O_professor">O professor</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: O professor" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Como o zen dá relativamente pouca importância à palavra escrita, o papel do professor é muito importante para o treinamento do praticante. De um modo geral, um professor de zen é uma pessoa ordenada em qualquer escola que tenha recebido permissão para ensinar o Dharma a outros. Uma parte central de toda a tradição zen é a noção de transmissão do Dharma, ou seja, a ideia de que há uma linhagem ininterrupta de mestres que, a partir de Buda, transmitiram e receberam os ensinamentos e atingiram pelo menos algum grau de realização. Essa noção se originou da famosa descrição do zen feita por Bodhidharma: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68288478">.mw-parser-output .flexquote{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#F1F1F1;border-left:3px solid #C7C7C7;font-size:100%;margin:1em 4em;padding:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.quote{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.separator{border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7;border-top:1px solid #C7C7C7;margin:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.cite{text-align:right}@media all and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{flex-direction:column}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .flexquote{background-color:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .flexquote{background-color:transparent}}</style> <blockquote class="flexquote" style="padding:0 1.2em; border-left:5px solid #c8ccd1;margin:30px"> <div class="w-quote-texto"> <dl> <dd> Uma transmissão especial, fora das escrituras; </dd> <dd> Sem depender de palavras ou letras; </dd> <dd> Apontando diretamente à mente humana; </dd> <dd> Contemplando a sua própria natureza e atingindo o estado de Buda. </dd> </dl> </div> </blockquote> Quando um professor é reconhecido oficialmente como tendo atingido um certo grau de realização e é admitido à linhagem de mestres, diz-se que ele "recebeu a transmissão do Dharma". Desde pelo menos a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a>, essa transmissão, "de mente a mente", "de mestre a discípulo", tem tido um papel fundamental em todas as escolas de zen. Durante a cerimônia de transmissão, o novo professor é presenteado com uma carta genealógica que mapeia toda a linhagem, de Buda até ele próprio. Títulos honoríficos ligados a professores que receberam a transmissão do Dharma incluem: na China, Fashi e Chanshi; na Coreia, Sunim e Seon Sa; no Vietnã, Thay; e, no Japão, Osho ("sacerdote"), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sensei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensei">Sensei</a> ("professor") e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roshi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roshi (página não existe)">Roshi</a> ("professor mais velho"). De um modo geral, fala-se em um "mestre Zen" apenas em referência a professores de renome, especialmente os medievais ou os antigos. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="A_iluminação">A iluminação</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: A iluminação" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg/200px-Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="746"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 262px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg/200px-Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg/300px-Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg/400px-Longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Escultura do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amitaba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amitaba">Buda Amitabha</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia_Tang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia Tang">Dinastia Tang</a>, nas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grutas_Longmen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grutas Longmen (página não existe)">Grutas Longmen</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular da China">República Popular da China</a> </figcaption> </figure> No zen, a iluminação é geralmente chamada de satori ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kensho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kensho">kensho</a>. O kensho é o primeiro vislumbre, por assim dizer, da verdadeira natureza da realidade e de si mesmo, é mais breve e pouco profundo. O satori, por sua vez, é uma experiência mais profunda e duradoura, em que o praticante tem uma experiência intensa da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natureza_de_Buda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natureza de Buda">Natureza de Buda</a> e vê sua "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Face_original&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Face original (página não existe)">face original</a>". Não se trata, porém, de uma experiência visionária. Embora algumas pessoas suponham que a experiência de iluminação deva levar quem a experimente a universos de luz intensa, ou coisa que o valha, o depoimento dos mestres zen contradiz essa hipótese. Perguntado sobre como a sua vida era antes e como ficou depois do satori, um mestre zen moderno respondeu: "Agora meu jardim parece mais colorido." Na iluminação, o praticante não é arrebatado a nenhum outro lugar. Outra suposição comum é que, sendo iluminado, o fluxo de pensamentos pára e o praticante fica como um espelho polido, refletindo a pura realidade, sem pensamentos que o atrapalhem. Pelo contrário, os pensamentos não param—o que ocorre é que o praticante abre mão deles, deixa-os passar, se esquece deles, e se esquece de si mesmo. Quando o quinto patriarca, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hongren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hongren">Hongren</a> (em japonês, Daiman Konin, 601-647), decidiu escolher quem o sucederia, propôs a seus discípulos que tentassem captar a essência do zen em um poema; o autor do melhor poema seria seu sucessor. Quando receberam a notícia, os monges já sabiam quem seria o vencedor: Shenxiu, o aluno mais antigo de Hongren. Ninguém se deu ao trabalho de competir com ele. Apenas esperaram, e Shexiu escreveu seu poema e o pendurou na parede: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68288478"> <blockquote class="flexquote" style="padding:0 1.2em; border-left:5px solid #c8ccd1;margin:30px"> <div class="w-quote-texto"> "Este corpo é a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rvore_de_Bodhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árvore de Bodhi">árvore de Bodhi</a>. A alma é como um espelho brilhante. Toma cuidado para que sempre esteja limpo, não deixando o pó se acumular sobre ele". </div> </blockquote> Todos os monges gostaram. Com certeza, Hongren também iria gostar. Entretanto, no dia seguinte, havia outro poema pendurado ao lado, que alguém havia pregado durante a noite: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68288478"> <blockquote class="flexquote" style="padding:0 1.2em; border-left:5px solid #c8ccd1;margin:30px"> <div class="w-quote-texto"> "Bodhi não é como uma árvore. O espelho brilhante não brilha em parte alguma: Se nada há desde o princípio, Onde se acumula o pó?" </div> </blockquote> Os monges ficaram assombrados. Quem teria escrito aquilo? Depois de algum tempo, descobriram: o autor do poema era Huineng, o cozinheiro do monastério. E, percebendo a sua origem, foi a ele que Hongren estendeu seu manto e sua tigela, fazendo de Huineng o sexto patriarca. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ensinamentos_radicais">Ensinamentos radicais</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ensinamentos radicais" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Algumas das histórias tradicionais do zen descrevem mestres usando estranhos métodos de ensino, e muitos praticantes de hoje tendem a interpretar essas histórias de maneira excessivamente literal. Por exemplo, muitos ficam indignados quando ouvem histórias como a do mestre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Linji">Linji</a>, fundador da escola rinzai, que disse: "Se você encontrar o Buda, mate o Buda. Se você encontrar um patriarca, mate o patriarca." Um mestre contemporâneo, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Seung_Sahn&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Seung Sahn (página não existe)">Seung Sahn</a>, também ensina a seus alunos que todos precisamos matar três coisas: matar nossos pais, matar o Buda e matar nosso professor (no caso, o próprio Seung Shan). No entanto, é claro que nem Linji nem Seung Sahn estavam falando de maneira literal. O que eles queriam dizer era que precisamos "matar" nosso apego a professores e coisas externas. Quando visitam templos ou centros de prática zen, os iniciantes que leram muitas dessas histórias e esperam encontrar professores <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iconoclastia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iconoclastia">iconoclastas</a> normalmente surpreendem-se com a natureza conservadora e formal das práticas. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="O_zen_e_outras_religiões">O zen e outras religiões</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: O zen e outras religiões" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Desde meados do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século XX">século XX</a>, o zen tem-se aberto ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%A1logo_inter-religioso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diálogo inter-religioso">diálogo inter-religioso</a>, tendo figurado em inúmeros encontros e conferências ao redor do mundo. Talvez a figura mais representativa do zen nesse diálogo seja o monge vietnamita <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thich_Nhat_Hanh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thich Nhat Hanh">Thich Nhat Hanh</a>, indicado ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel_da_Paz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prêmio Nobel da Paz">Prêmio Nobel da Paz</a> em 1967, que se tem dedicando ao diálogo inter-religioso há décadas e que mantém, em seu altar, imagens tanto de Buda quanto de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. Em templos e centros de prática zen ao redor do mundo, é comum que muitas pessoas não budistas frequentem as atividades e pratiquem zazen. Essa prática é geralmente bem aceita pelos professores, já que o budismo é uma religião de tolerância que vê as outras religiões como caminhos espirituais válidos e que está aberta a quem quiser apenas meditar, sem qualquer filiação religiosa. Em algumas escolas, como a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanbo_Kyodan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanbo Kyodan">Sanbo Kyodan</a>, a aceitação de praticantes de outras religiões é tão grande que, sem ter de abandonar a sua religião, um praticante pode receber a transmissão do Dharma e tornar-se professor. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Textos_Zen"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Textos_Zen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Textos Zen (página não existe)">Textos Zen</a></h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Textos Zen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68971778"> <table class="box-Sem_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> Este artigo ou secção contém <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias_no_fim" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">uma lista de referências no fim do texto</a>, mas as suas fontes não são claras porque não são <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias_no_texto" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">citadas no corpo do artigo</a>, o que compromete a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">confiabilidade</a> das informações. Ajude a <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DZen%26action%3Dedit">melhorar</a> este artigo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserindo citações no corpo do artigo</a>. (Julho de 2009) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Existem várias lendas dentro da tradição zen, transmitidas e renovadas pela tradição oral e parte dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Folclore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Folclore">folclores</a> chinês e japonês, que se entrelaçam com a história. Narrativas da tradição oral, muitas das quais compiladas em antologias literárias, podem ser, de acordo com diferentes visões de teóricos, consideradas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lenda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lenda">lendas</a>, folclore, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitologia">mitologia</a> ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literatura">literatura</a> propriamente dita. Ao tratar das narrativas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Setsuwa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Setsuwa (página não existe)">setsuwa</a>説話 no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japão">Japão</a>, narrativas breves, contadas "de um fôlego só", compiladas na antologia literária <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konjaku_Monogatarishu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konjaku Monogatarishu (página não existe)">Konjaku Monogatarishu</a>今昔物語集 , ou Antologia de Narrativas de Hoje e de Ontem, do período <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heian">Heian</a> 平安時代(794-1192), Yoshida considera que tais narrativas são "transmitidas como reais ou supostamente reais, frutos, portanto, de uma criação coletiva anônima e reunidas numa coletânea de narrativas setsuwa (説話) por um compilador".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> A antologia contém histórias referentes à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índia">Índia</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japão">Japão</a>, algumas das quais associadas ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budismo">budismo</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="O_Sermão_da_Flor">O Sermão da Flor</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: O Sermão da Flor" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> As origens do zen são apontadas para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Serm%C3%A3o_da_Flor&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sermão da Flor (página não existe)">Sermão da Flor</a>, cuja fonte mais antiga vem do século XIV.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dumoulin-20">[20]</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gautama_Buddha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> juntou seus discípulos para um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Discurso_do_Dharma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Discurso do Dharma (página não existe)">discurso do Dharma</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Quando eles se juntaram, o Buda permaneceu completamente silencioso e alguns acharam que ele estava cansado ou doente. Silenciosamente, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buda">Buda</a> levantou uma flor e vários discípulos tentaram interpretar o que isso significava, por algum tempo esse ato ficou sem interpretação. No entanto um dos discípulos, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahakashyapa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahakashyapa (página não existe)">Mahakashyapa</a> (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sânscrito">sânscrito</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahākāśyapa (página não existe)">Mahākāśyapa</a>), também silenciosamente, olhou para a flor e obteve um entendimento especial, para além das palavras, ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prajna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prajna">prajna</a> (do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sânscrito">sânscrito</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prajñā (página não existe)">prajñā</a>, "sabedoria"), diretamente da mente do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buda">Buda</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahakashyapa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahakashyapa (página não existe)">Mahakashyapa</a> de alguma forma compreendeu o verdadeiro sentido inexprimível da flor e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buda">Buda</a> sorriu para ele, reconhecendo o seu entendimento e dizendo: <blockquote> Eu possuo o verdadeiro olho do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darma">darma</a>, a mente maravilhosa do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nirvana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a>,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> a forma verdadeira do informe, o portal sutil do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dharma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> que não depende de palavras ou escritos, mas é uma transmissão especial fora das escrituras. Isto eu passo a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahakashyapa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahakashyapa (página não existe)">Mahakashyapa</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dumoulin-20">[20]</a> </blockquote> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahakashyapa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahakashyapa (página não existe)">Mahakashyapa</a> é, por este dom raro de compreensão, considerado o primeiro patriarca pelo Zen chinês, ou (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%27an?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ch'an">Ch'an</a>).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Desta forma, através do zen, desenvolveu-se um caminho que se concentrou na experiência direta mais do que em crenças racionais ou escrituras reveladas. A sabedoria era passada, não por meio de palavras, mas através da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Linhagem_(budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Linhagem (budismo) (página não existe)">linhagem</a> da transmissão direta, de mente a mente, do pensamento de um mestre a um discípulo. Comumente, acredita-se que esta linhagem continuou ininterrupta, desde o tempo do Buda até os dias de hoje. Historicamente, esta crença é discutível, devido à falta de evidência que dê suporte a ela. De acordo com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._T._Suzuki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a>, a ideia de uma linha de descendência a partir de Sidarta Gautama é uma instituição distintiva do zen. Ele acredita que foi inventada por estudiosos, através da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagiografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagiografia">hagiografia</a>, para dar legitimidade e prestígio ao zen.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-suzukiessays-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Parábola_de_Buda">Parábola de Buda</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Parábola de Buda" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Ao atravessar um campo, um homem encontrou um tigre. Fugiu a sete pés, com o tigre atrás dele. À sua frente, encontrou um precipício em que acabou por cair. Mas conseguiu agarrar-se à raiz de uma velha videira e ali ficou pendurado, com o tigre a cheirá-lo. Tremendo de medo, olhou para baixo e viu outro tigre, lá longe embaixo, que o esperava, cheio de apetite. A sua vida estava completamente dependente da videira. Mas apareceram dois ratos, um branco e outro preto, os quais, pouco a pouco, começaram a roer a raiz da videira. Foi só nesse momento que se apercebeu que, mesmo ao pé da raiz, crescia um morango apetitoso. Agarrando-se à videira com uma mão, colheu o morango com a outra. Foi o melhor morango que alguma vez comeu! <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Temperamento">Temperamento</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Temperamento" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Um estudante de Zen foi ter com Bankei e queixou-se: - Mestre, tenho um temperamento ingovernável. Como posso curá-lo? - Tens uma coisa muito estranha, replicou Bankei. Mostra-me lá então isso que tens. - Neste preciso momento, não lhe posso mostrar, respondeu o outro. Acontece inesperadamente!..., respondeu o estudante. - Então, concluiu Bankei, não deve ser a tua verdadeira natureza. Se fosse, podias mostrar-me em qualquer altura. Quando nasceste, não o tinhas e não foram os teus pais que to deram. Pensa nisso. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="A_estrada_enlameada">A estrada enlameada</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: A estrada enlameada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Tanzan e Ekido caminhavam juntos numa estrada enlameada. Caía ainda uma chuva forte. Junto a um cruzamento da estrada, encontraram uma moça bela, que não conseguia atravessar, porque não queria sujar o kimono de seda que trazia. - Anda moça, disse Tanzan imediatamente. E, carregando-a nos seus braços, atravessou-a para o outro lado da zona mais enlameada. A partir daí, Ekido ficou calado todo o caminho que percorreram até à noite. Ao chegarem ao templo onde ficariam a pernoitar, Ekido não conseguiu conter-se e disse a Tanzan: - Nós, os monges, não nos aproximamos de mulheres. Especialmente se são jovens e bonitas. É perigoso. Por que fizeste aquilo? - Eu deixei a moça lá atrás - disse Tanzan. Tu ainda estás a carregá-la? <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tudo_é_melhor">Tudo é melhor</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Tudo é melhor" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Quando Banzan passeava num mercado, ouviu uma conversa entre um carniceiro e um cliente. - Dê-me o melhor bocado de carne que tem, disse o cliente. - Na minha loja, tudo é o melhor, respondeu o carniceiro. Não encontrará aqui nenhum bocado de carne que não seja o melhor! Ao ouvir estas palavras, Banzan tornou-se um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodhi">iluminado</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="O_meu_coração_arde_como_fogo">O meu coração arde como fogo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: O meu coração arde como fogo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Soyen_Shaku&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Soyen Shaku (página não existe)">Soyen Shaku</a> (1859-1919), um roshi, mestre do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen-budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen-budismo">zen-budismo</a> japonês, (ch. laoshi) da escola <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rinzai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rinzai">rinzai</a>, disse, um dia: "O meu coração arde como fogo. Mas os meus olhos são frios como cinzas mortas". Ele propôs as seguintes regras de vida<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a>: De manhã, antes de vestir-se, acenda incenso e medite. Coma a intervalos regulares e deite-se a uma hora regular. Coma sempre com moderação e nunca até ficar plenamente satisfeito. Receba as suas visitas com a mesma atitude que tem quando está só. Quando só, mantenha a mesma atitude que tem quando recebe visitas. Preste atenção ao que diz e, o que quer que diga, pratique-o. Quando uma oportunidade chegar, não a deixe passar, mas pense sempre duas vezes antes de agir. Não se deixe perturbar pelo passado. Olhe para o futuro. A sua atitude deve ser a de um herói sem medo, mas o coração deve ser como o de uma criança, cheio de amor. Ao retirar-se, ao fim do dia, durma como se tivesse entrado no seu último sono. Ao acordar, deixe a cama para trás, instantaneamente, como se tivesse deixado fora um par de sapatos velhos. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Ver_também">Ver também</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budismo">Budismo</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dogen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogen">Dogen</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rinzai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rinzai">Rinzai</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanbo_Kyodan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanbo Kyodan">Sanbo Kyodan</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satori">Satori</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shikantaza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sōtō">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zazen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mosteiro_Zen_Morro_da_Vargem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mosteiro Zen Morro da Vargem">Mosteiro Zen Morro da Vargem</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style> <div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFAbe1989" class="citation">Abe, Masao (1989), Zen and Western Thought, traduzido por William R. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=McRae&rft.btitle=Critical+introduction+by+John+McRae+to+the+reprint+of+Dumoulin%27s+A+history+of+Zen&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thezensite.com%2FZenEssays%2FHistoricalZen%2FMcRaeIntroduction.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcRae2008" class="citation">McRae, John (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822131239/http://www.thezensite.com/ZenTeachings/Translations/PlatformSutra_McRaeTranslation.pdf">The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated from the Chinese of Zongbao (Taishō Volume 48, Number 2008)</a> (PDF), arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Yampolsky, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-231-08361-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-231-08361-0">0-231-08361-0</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Columbia_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Yampolski&rft.btitle=The+Platform+Sutra+of+the+Sixth+Patriarch.+Translated+with+notes+by+Philip+B.+Yampolsky&rft.date=1967&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-231-08361-0&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYampolski2003a" class="citation">Yampolski, Philip (2003a), «Chan. A Historical Sketch.», in: Takeuchi Yoshinori, Buddhist Spirituality. Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, Early Chinese, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.atitle=Chan.+A+Historical+Sketch.&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Yampolski&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Spirituality.+Indian%2C+Southeast+Asian%2C+Tibetan%2C+Early+Chinese&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYampolski2003b" class="citation">Yampolski, Philip (2003b), «Zen. A Historical Sketch», in: Takeuchi Yoshinori, Buddhist Spirituality. Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, Early Chinese, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.atitle=Zen.+A+Historical+Sketch&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Yampolski&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Spirituality.+Indian%2C+Southeast+Asian%2C+Tibetan%2C+Early+Chinese&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYanagida2009" class="citation">Yanagida, Seizan (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://info.stiltij.nl/publiek/meditatie/leraren/_historisch/linji-sasaki.pdf">Historical Introduction to The Record of Linji. In: The record of Linji, translated by Ruth Fuller Sasakia e.a. Pages 59–115</a> (PDF), University of Hawaii Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.aufirst=Seizan&rft.aulast=Yanagida&rft.btitle=Historical+Introduction+to+The+Record+of+Linji.+In%3A+The+record+of+Linji%2C+translated+by+Ruth+Fuller+Sasakia+e.a.+Pages+59%93115&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.stiltij.nl%2Fpubliek%2Fmeditatie%2Fleraren%2F_historisch%2Flinji-sasaki.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYen1996" class="citation">Yen, Chan Master Sheng (1996), Dharma Drum: The Life and Heart of Ch'an Practice, Boston & London: Shambhala</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.aufirst=Chan+Master+Sheng&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.btitle=Dharma+Drum%3A+The+Life+and+Heart+of+Ch%27an+Practice&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Boston+%26+London&rft.pub=Shambhala&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYoshizawa2009" class="citation">Yoshizawa, Katsuhiro (2009), The Religious Art of Zen Master Hakuin, Counterpoint Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.aufirst=Katsuhiro&rft.aulast=Yoshizawa&rft.btitle=The+Religious+Art+of+Zen+Master+Hakuin&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Counterpoint+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYoung2009" class="citation">Young, Stuart (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id%3D23405">Linji Lu and Chinese Orthodoxy. 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Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 164.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://consciouslivingfoundation.org/ebooks/new2/ManualOfZenBuddhism-manzen.pdf">Manual of Zen Buddhism</a>, Kioto, Eastern Buddhist Soc. 1934; Londres, Rider & Company, 1950,1956. A collection of Buddhist sutras, classic texts from the masters, icons & images,including the "Ten Ox-Herding Pictures".</li> <li>Suzuki, D.T. (1949),Essays in Zen buddhism, Nova Iorque, Grove Press, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0802151183?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8021-5118-3</a></li> <li>Watts, Alan W.. O espírito do Zen. Trad. Murillo Nunes de Azevedo. São Paulo, Cultrix, 1988.</li> </ul> ________________ O Zen e a experiência mística. Trad. José Roberto Whitaker Penteado. Idem. <ul> <li>Yoshida, Luiza Nana. Breves considerações sobre o universo das narrativas setsuwa. Estudos Japoneses 15. São Paulo, Centro de Estudos Japoneses da Universidade de São Paulo, 1995, pp. 95–105.</li> </ul> </section> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso." class="section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)">Referências</h2> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> TSAI, C. C. Zen em quadrinhos. Tradução de Clara Fernandes. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro. Ediouro. 1997. p. 9.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Keown, Damien. Oxford Dictionary of Buddhism. Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press, 2003, p.167</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Tsai Chih Chung (1998). Wisdom of the Zen Masters. [S.l.]: Anchor. p. 19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.au=Tsai+Chih+Chung&rft.btitle=Wisdom+of+the+Zen+Masters&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Anchor&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> TSAI, C. C. Zen em quadrinhos. Tradução de Clara Fernandes. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro. Ediouro. 1997. p. 17-18.</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> HANDA, F. Coleção primeiros passos: o que é zen. São Paulo. Brasiliense. 1991. p. 17.</li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_6-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_6-1">b</a> Andre van der Braak (2011), Self Overcoming Without a Self, p.117</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> BLOFELD, J. Taoismo: o caminho para a imortalidade. Tradução de Gílson César Cardoso de Souza. São Paulo. Pensamento. p. 64.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoshizawa201041-8"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoshizawa201041_8-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFYoshizawa2010">Yoshizawa 2010</a>, p. 41.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESekida1989-9"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESekida1989_9-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSekida1989">Sekida 1989</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoceski-10"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoceski_10-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFPoceski">Poceski</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorup20088-11"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorup20088_11-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBorup2008">Borup 2008</a>, p. 8.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYampolski2003a3-12"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYampolski2003a3_12-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFYampolski2003a">Yampolski 2003a</a>, p. 3.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumoulin2005a48-13"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumoulin2005a48_13-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDumoulin2005a">Dumoulin 2005a</a>, p. 48.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELievens198152–53-14"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELievens198152%E2%80%9353_14-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLievens1981">Lievens 1981</a>, p. 52–53.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumoulin2005a41–45-15"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumoulin2005a41%E2%80%9345_15-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDumoulin2005a">Dumoulin 2005a</a>, p. 41–45.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken1994-16"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAitken1994_16-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFAitken1994">Aitken 1994</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> HANDA, F. Coleção primeiros passos: o que é zen. São Paulo. Brasiliense. 1991. p. 12.</li> <li id="cite_note-banzé-18"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-banz%C3%A9_18-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Kawasaki, Bruno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sites.google.com/site/lifegivingmartialarts/articles/theunfetteredmindbytakuansoho">«The Unfettered Mind»</a>. Life-giving Martial Arts. Consultado em 7 de outubro de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.au=Kawasaki%2C+Bruno&rft.btitle=The+Unfettered+Mind&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Life-giving+Martial+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Flifegivingmartialarts%2Farticles%2Ftheunfetteredmindbytakuansoho&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> Yoshida, Luiza Nana. Breves considerações sobre o universo das narrativas setsuwa. Estudos Japoneses 15. São Paulo, Centro de Estudos Japoneses da Universidade de São Paulo, 1995, pp.95-105</li> <li id="cite_note-dumoulin-20">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dumoulin_20-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dumoulin_20-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005). Zen Buddhism: A History. vol. 1: India and China. Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom. pp. 8–9, 68, 166–167, 169–172. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0941532895?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0941532895">0941532895</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft.aulast=Dumoulin&rft.btitle=Zen+Buddhism%3A+A+History&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0941532895&rft.pages=8-9%2C+68%2C+166-167%2C+169-172&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=World+Wisdom&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darma">Darma</a>, palavra que se originou do termo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sânscrito">sânscrito</a> que significa "conter", se refere ao conjunto de práticas que podem levar o devoto a libertar-se de estados de emoções perturbadoras. GYATSO, T. Bondade, Amor e Compaixão. Tradução de Claudia Gerpe Duarte. São Paulo. Pensamento. 1989. p. 34</li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Estado de realização espiritual suprema, ou paraíso. Em GYATSO, G. K. Compaixão Universal. Tradução de Kelsang Palsang. São Paulo. Centro Budista Mahabodhi/Tharpa. 1996. p. 183</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Keown, Damien. Op.Cit., p.164</li> <li id="cite_note-suzukiessays-24"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-suzukiessays_24-0">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suzuki,_D.T.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzuki, D.T.">Suzuki, D.T.</a> (1949), Essays in Zen Buddhism. Nova Iorque, Grove Press, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0802151183?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8021-5118-3</a></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> 101 Zen Stories. Em <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.101zenstories.com/index.php?story%3Dtoc">http://www.101zenstories.com/index.php?story=toc</a> Acesso 15 Outubro 2008</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Ligações_externas">Ligações externas</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-Zen.html">«Biblioteca Virtual do Zen Budismo»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.btitle=Biblioteca+Virtual+do+Zen+Budismo&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciolek.com%2FWWWVL-Zen.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://espiritualismouno.com.br/Zen%2520Budismo/index.htm">Textos sobre o Zen Budismo</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://iriz.hanazono.ac.jp/index.en.html">«The International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AZen&rft.btitle=The+International+Research+Institute+for+Zen+Buddhism&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firiz.hanazono.ac.jp%2Findex.en.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li>101 Zen Stories. Em <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.101zenstories.com/index.php?story%3Dtoc">http://www.101zenstories.com/index.php?story=toc</a> Acesso 15 Outubro 2008</li> </ul> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"> <li style="display: inline;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Lotus-buddha.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal do budismo"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Lotus-buddha.svg/25px-Lotus-buddha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="74"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Lotus-buddha.svg/25px-Lotus-buddha.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Lotus-buddha.svg/38px-Lotus-buddha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Lotus-buddha.svg/50px-Lotus-buddha.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Budismo">Portal do budismo</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DZen%26oldid%3D67695486">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zen&oldid=67695486</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zen&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Última edição a 28 de março de 2024, às 10h33min </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Línguas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2586" title="زن — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2586" title="زن — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Дзэн — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дзэн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzenbud%25C4%2597zmos" title="Dzenbudėzmos — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dzenbudėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Дзэн — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Дзэн — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Дзен — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дзен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="জেন — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%259F%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཟེན། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཟེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Дзэн — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дзэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisme_Zen" title="Budisme Zen — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Budisme Zen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Дзэн — checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дзэн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2586" title="زن — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenbuddhisme" title="Zenbuddhisme — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zenbuddhisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2596%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BD" title="Ζεν — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno" title="Zeno — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B0%25D9%2586" title="ذن — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenboedisme" title="Zenboedisme — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Zenboedisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2596%25D7%259F_(%25D7%2591%25D7%2595%25D7%2593%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D)" title="זן (בודהיזם) — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זן (בודהיזם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259D%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="झेन — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="झेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Զեն — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen" title="Sen — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A6%2585%25E5%25AE%2597" title="禅宗 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="禅宗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AB%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="ძენი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Дзен буддизм — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дзен буддизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2584%25A0%25EC%25A2%2585" title="선종 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선종" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%258A%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2599" title="ເຊັນ — laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຊັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzenas" title="Dzenas — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dzenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzenbudisms" title="Dzenbudisms — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzenbudisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Зен — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B5%25BB_%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A7%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%2582" title="സെൻ ബുദ്ധമതം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെൻ ബുദ്ധമതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Зэн буддизм — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зэн буддизм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259D%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="झेन — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2587%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2593%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC" title="ဇင်ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇင်ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenbuddhisme" title="Zenbuddhisme — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zenbuddhisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%25A8" title="ਜ਼ੇੱਨ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ੇੱਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="زین — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Дзэн — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дзэн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Зен — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Зен" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Дзэн — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дзэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%2599%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A_%25E0%25B6%25B6%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B7%2594_%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B7%2584%25E0%25B6%25B8" title="සෙන් බුදු දහම — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෙන් බුදු දහම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen-budhizmus" title="Zen-budhizmus — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zen-budhizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_budizem" title="Zen budizem — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zen budizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Зен — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="சென் புத்தமதம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சென் புத்தமதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259C%25E0%25B1%2586%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D" title="జెన్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జెన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Зен — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%2599" title="เซน — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Дзен — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дзен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Дзен — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AF%25DA%25BE_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA" title="زین بدھ مت — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زین بدھ مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%25E1%25BB%2581n_t%25C3%25B4ng" title="Thiền tông — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiền tông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen" title="Zen — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A6%2585%25E5%25AE%2597" title="禅宗 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="禅宗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2596%25D7%25A2%25D7%259F_(%25D7%2591%25D7%2595%25D7%2593%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D)" title="זען (בודהיזם) — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זען (בודהיזם)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A6%2585%25E5%25AE%2597" title="禅宗 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="禅宗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A6%25AA%25E5%25AE%2597" title="禪宗 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="禪宗" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25C3%25A2n-chong" title="Siân-chong — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siân-chong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A6%25AA%25E5%25AE%2597" title="禪宗 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="禪宗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 10h33min de 28 de março de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Conteúdo disponibilizado nos termos da <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, salvo indicação em contrário.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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