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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grundämnenas jonisationspotential</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 12 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Моларни йонизационни енергии на химичните елементи – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Моларни йонизационни енергии на химичните елементи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_d%27energies_d%27ionitzaci%C3%B3_molar_dels_elements" title="Llista d'energies d'ionització molar dels elements – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista d'energies d'ionització molar dels elements" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements" title="Molar ionization energies of the elements – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Molar ionization energies of the elements" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_d%27%C3%A9nergies_d%27ionisation" title="Liste d'énergies d'ionisation – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste d'énergies d'ionisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8%ED%99%94_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="원소의 이온화 에너지 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원소의 이온화 에너지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_ionisasi_molar" title="Energi ionisasi molar – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Energi ionisasi molar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Моларни енергии на јонизација на елементите – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Моларни енергии на јонизација на елементите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molowe_energie_jonizacji_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Molowe energie jonizacji pierwiastków – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Molowe energie jonizacji pierwiastków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Моларне енергије јонизације хемијских елемената – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Моларне енергије јонизације хемијских елемената" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4_(ionisoitumisenergiat)" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä (ionisoitumisenergiat) – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä (ionisoitumisenergiat)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="தனிமங்களின் மோலார் மின்மமாக்கும் ஆற்றல்கள் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிமங்களின் மோலார் மின்மமாக்கும் ஆற்றல்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas"> <dl><dd><i>För jonisationspotential i enheten elektronvolt (eV) och datareferenser, se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential_(datasida)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundämnenas jonisationspotential (datasida) [inte skriven än]">Grundämnenas jonisationspotential (datasida)</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Jonisationspotential" title="Jonisationspotential">Jonisationspotential</a></dd></dl></div> <div class="floatright" style="margin-bottom: .5em; border-spacing: 0; padding: .5em 0 .8em 1.4em; background: none;"> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <p>Detta är en <b>tabell över <a href="/wiki/Jonisationspotential" title="Jonisationspotential">jonisationspotential</a> för <a href="/wiki/Grund%C3%A4mne" title="Grundämne">grundämnena</a></b>. </p><p>Jonisationspotential är den mängd energi som behövs för att avlägsna en <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> från en <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Jon" title="Jon">jon</a>. Den första jonisationspotentialen gäller för neutrala atomer, den andra jonisationspotentialen gäller för joner med underskott på en elektron och den tredje gäller för joner med underskott på två elektroner, et cetera. </p><p>Alla värden i tabellen är angivna i enheten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilojoule_per_mol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilojoule per mol [inte skriven än]">kilojoule per mol</a> (kJ/mol). Värdena för grundämnet rutherfordium och dito med högre atomnummer är förutsagda, och inte fastställda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektron_1–10"><span id="Elektron_1.E2.80.9310"></span>Elektron 1–10</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Elektron 1–10" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Elektron 1–10"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Z</a> </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Kemiskt_tecken" title="Kemiskt tecken">T</a> </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">Grundämne </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">1 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">2 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">3 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">4 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">5 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">6 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">7 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">8 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">9 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">10 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">11+ </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">H</td> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte">Väte</a> </td> <td>1312,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">He</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td> <td>2372,3</td> <td>5250,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">Li</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Litium</a> </td> <td>520,2</td> <td>7298,1</td> <td>11815,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Be</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> </td> <td>899,5</td> <td>1757,1</td> <td>14848,7</td> <td>21006,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">B</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">Bor</a> </td> <td>800,6</td> <td>2427,1</td> <td>3659,7</td> <td>25025,8</td> <td>32826,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td bgcolor="#a1ffc3" title="Polyatomisk icke-metall">C</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kol" title="Kol">Kol</a> </td> <td>1086,5</td> <td>2352,6</td> <td>4620,5</td> <td>6222,7</td> <td>37831</td> <td>47277,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">N</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4ve" title="Kväve">Kväve</a> </td> <td>1402,3</td> <td>2856</td> <td>4578,1</td> <td>7475,0</td> <td>9444,9</td> <td>53266,6</td> <td>64360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">O</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">Syre</a> </td> <td>1313,9</td> <td>3388,3</td> <td>5300,5</td> <td>7469,2</td> <td>10989,5</td> <td>13326,5</td> <td>71330</td> <td>84078,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">F</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td>1681,0</td> <td>3374,2</td> <td>6050,4</td> <td>8407,7</td> <td>11022,7</td> <td>15164,1</td> <td>17868</td> <td>92038,1</td> <td>106434,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Ne</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td> <td>2080,7</td> <td>3952,3</td> <td>6122</td> <td>9371</td> <td>12177</td> <td>15238</td> <td>19999,0</td> <td>23069,5</td> <td>115379,5</td> <td>131432 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">Na</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td>495,8</td> <td>4562</td> <td>6910,3</td> <td>9543</td> <td>13354</td> <td>16613</td> <td>20117</td> <td>25496</td> <td>28932</td> <td>141362</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Mg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td>737,7</td> <td>1450,7</td> <td>7732,7</td> <td>10542,5</td> <td>13630</td> <td>18020</td> <td>21711</td> <td>25661</td> <td>31653</td> <td>35458</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Al</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td>577,5</td> <td>1816,7</td> <td>2744,8</td> <td>11577</td> <td>14842</td> <td>18379</td> <td>23326</td> <td>27465</td> <td>31853</td> <td>38473</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">Si</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kisel" title="Kisel">Kisel</a> </td> <td>786,5</td> <td>1577,1</td> <td>3231,6</td> <td>4355,5</td> <td>16091</td> <td>19805</td> <td>23780</td> <td>29287</td> <td>33878</td> <td>38726</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td bgcolor="#a1ffc3" title="Polyatomisk icke-metall">P</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td>1011,8</td> <td>1907</td> <td>2914,1</td> <td>4963,6</td> <td>6273,9</td> <td>21267</td> <td>25431</td> <td>29872</td> <td>35905</td> <td>40950</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td bgcolor="#a1ffc3" title="Polyatomisk icke-metall">S</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Svavel" title="Svavel">Svavel</a> </td> <td>999,6</td> <td>2252</td> <td>3357</td> <td>4556</td> <td>7004,3</td> <td>8495,8</td> <td>27107</td> <td>31719</td> <td>36621</td> <td>43177</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">Cl</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Klor</a> </td> <td>1251,2</td> <td>2298</td> <td>3822</td> <td>5158,6</td> <td>6542</td> <td>9362</td> <td>11018</td> <td>33604</td> <td>38600</td> <td>43961</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Ar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td> <td>1520,6</td> <td>2665,8</td> <td>3931</td> <td>5771</td> <td>7238</td> <td>8781</td> <td>11995</td> <td>13842</td> <td>40760</td> <td>46186</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">K</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">Kalium</a> </td> <td>418,8</td> <td>3052</td> <td>4420</td> <td>5877</td> <td>7975</td> <td>9590</td> <td>11343</td> <td>14944</td> <td>16963,7</td> <td>48610</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Ca</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalcium" title="Kalcium">Kalcium</a> </td> <td>589,8</td> <td>1145,4</td> <td>4912,4</td> <td>6491</td> <td>8153</td> <td>10496</td> <td>12270</td> <td>14206</td> <td>18191</td> <td>20385</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Sc</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td>633,1</td> <td>1235,0</td> <td>2388,6</td> <td>7090,6</td> <td>8843</td> <td>10679</td> <td>13310</td> <td>15250</td> <td>17370</td> <td>21726</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ti</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">Titan</a> </td> <td>658,8</td> <td>1309,8</td> <td>2652,5</td> <td>4174,6</td> <td>9581</td> <td>11533</td> <td>13590</td> <td>16440</td> <td>18530</td> <td>20833</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">V</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadin" title="Vanadin">Vanadin</a> </td> <td>650,9</td> <td>1414</td> <td>2830</td> <td>4507</td> <td>6298,7</td> <td>12363</td> <td>14530</td> <td>16730</td> <td>19860</td> <td>22240</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Krom</a> </td> <td>652,9</td> <td>1590,6</td> <td>2987</td> <td>4743</td> <td>6702</td> <td>8744,9</td> <td>15455</td> <td>17820</td> <td>20190</td> <td>23580</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Mn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td>717,3</td> <td>1509,0</td> <td>3248</td> <td>4940</td> <td>6990</td> <td>9220</td> <td>11500</td> <td>18770</td> <td>21400</td> <td>23960</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Fe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn" title="Järn">Järn</a> </td> <td>762,5</td> <td>1561,9</td> <td>2957</td> <td>5290</td> <td>7240</td> <td>9560</td> <td>12060</td> <td>14580</td> <td>22540</td> <td>25290</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Co</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Kobolt</a> </td> <td>760,4</td> <td>1648</td> <td>3232</td> <td>4950</td> <td>7670</td> <td>9840</td> <td>12440</td> <td>15230</td> <td>17959</td> <td>26570</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ni</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td>737,1</td> <td>1753,0</td> <td>3395</td> <td>5300</td> <td>7339</td> <td>10400</td> <td>12800</td> <td>15600</td> <td>18600</td> <td>21670</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar">Koppar</a> </td> <td>745,5</td> <td>1957,9</td> <td>3555</td> <td>5536</td> <td>7700</td> <td>9900</td> <td>13400</td> <td>16000</td> <td>19200</td> <td>22400</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Zn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zink</a> </td> <td>906,4</td> <td>1733,3</td> <td>3833</td> <td>5731</td> <td>7970</td> <td>10400</td> <td>12900</td> <td>16800</td> <td>19600</td> <td>23000</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Ga</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td>578,8</td> <td>1979,3</td> <td>2963</td> <td>6180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">Ge</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td>762</td> <td>1537,5</td> <td>3302,1</td> <td>4411</td> <td>9020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">As</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">Arsenik</a> </td> <td>947,0</td> <td>1798</td> <td>2735</td> <td>4837</td> <td>6043</td> <td>12310 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td bgcolor="#a1ffc3" title="Polyatomisk icke-metall">Se</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Selen</a> </td> <td>941,0</td> <td>2045</td> <td>2973,7</td> <td>4144</td> <td>6590</td> <td>7880</td> <td>14990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">Br</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Brom</a> </td> <td>1139,9</td> <td>2103</td> <td>3470</td> <td>4560</td> <td>5760</td> <td>8550</td> <td>9940</td> <td>18600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Kr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td> <td>1350,8</td> <td>2350,4</td> <td>3565</td> <td>5070</td> <td>6240</td> <td>7570</td> <td>10710</td> <td>12138</td> <td>22274</td> <td>25880</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">Rb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td>403,0</td> <td>2633</td> <td>3860</td> <td>5080</td> <td>6850</td> <td>8140</td> <td>9570</td> <td>13120</td> <td>14500</td> <td>26740 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Sr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td>549,5</td> <td>1064,2</td> <td>4138</td> <td>5500</td> <td>6910</td> <td>8760</td> <td>10230</td> <td>11800</td> <td>15600</td> <td>17100</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Y</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td>600</td> <td>1180</td> <td>1980</td> <td>5847</td> <td>7430</td> <td>8970</td> <td>11190</td> <td>12450</td> <td>14110</td> <td>18400</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Zr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zirkonium</a> </td> <td>640,1</td> <td>1270</td> <td>2218</td> <td>3313</td> <td>7752</td> <td>9500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Nb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Niob</a> </td> <td>652,1</td> <td>1380</td> <td>2416</td> <td>3700</td> <td>4877</td> <td>9847</td> <td>12100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Mo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Molybden</a> </td> <td>684,3</td> <td>1560</td> <td>2618</td> <td>4480</td> <td>5257</td> <td>6640,8</td> <td>12125</td> <td>13860</td> <td>15835</td> <td>17980</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#11–20">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Tc</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium">Teknetium</a> </td> <td>702</td> <td>1470</td> <td>2850 </td></tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ru</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Rutenium</a> </td> <td>710,2</td> <td>1620</td> <td>2747 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Rh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rodium</a> </td> <td>719,7</td> <td>1740</td> <td>2997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Pd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td>804,4</td> <td>1870</td> <td>3177 </td></tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ag</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td>731,0</td> <td>2070</td> <td>3361 </td></tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Kadmium</a> </td> <td>867,8</td> <td>1631,4</td> <td>3616 </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">In</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td>558,3</td> <td>1820,7</td> <td>2704</td> <td>5210 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Sn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenn" title="Tenn">Tenn</a> </td> <td>708,6</td> <td>1411,8</td> <td>2943,0</td> <td>3930,3</td> <td>7456 </td></tr> <tr> <td>51</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">Sb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Antimon</a> </td> <td>834</td> <td>1594,9</td> <td>2440</td> <td>4260</td> <td>5400</td> <td>10400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>52</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">Te</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Tellur</a> </td> <td>869,3</td> <td>1790</td> <td>2698</td> <td>3610</td> <td>5668</td> <td>6820</td> <td>13200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>53</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">I</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">Jod</a> </td> <td>1008,4</td> <td>1845,9</td> <td>3180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>54</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Xe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td> <td>1170,4</td> <td>2046,4</td> <td>3099,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>55</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">Cs</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cesium</a> </td> <td>375,7</td> <td>2234,3</td> <td>3400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>56</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Ba</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td>502,9</td> <td>965,2</td> <td>3600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>57</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">La</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">Lantan</a> </td> <td>538,1</td> <td>1067</td> <td>1850,3</td> <td>4819</td> <td>5940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>58</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Ce</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td>534,4</td> <td>1050</td> <td>1949</td> <td>3547</td> <td>6325</td> <td>7490 </td></tr> <tr> <td>59</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Pr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Praseodym</a> </td> <td>527</td> <td>1020</td> <td>2086</td> <td>3761</td> <td>5551 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Nd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Neodym</a> </td> <td>533,1</td> <td>1040</td> <td>2130</td> <td>3900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Pm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Prometium</a> </td> <td>540</td> <td>1050</td> <td>2150</td> <td>3970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>62</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Sm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td>544,5</td> <td>1070</td> <td>2260</td> <td>3990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>63</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Eu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td>547,1</td> <td>1085</td> <td>2404</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>64</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Gd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td>593,4</td> <td>1170</td> <td>1990</td> <td>4250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>65</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Tb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td>565,8</td> <td>1110</td> <td>2114</td> <td>3839 </td></tr> <tr> <td>66</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Dy</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td>573,0</td> <td>1130</td> <td>2200</td> <td>3990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>67</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Ho</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td>581,0</td> <td>1140</td> <td>2204</td> <td>4100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Er</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td>589,3</td> <td>1150</td> <td>2194</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>69</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Tm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tulium</a> </td> <td>596,7</td> <td>1160</td> <td>2285</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Yb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td>603,4</td> <td>1174,8</td> <td>2417</td> <td>4203 </td></tr> <tr> <td>71</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff" title="Lantanoid">Lu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td>523,5</td> <td>1340</td> <td>2022,3</td> <td>4370</td> <td>6445 </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Hf</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td>658,5</td> <td>1440</td> <td>2250</td> <td>3216 </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ta</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Tantal</a> </td> <td>761</td> <td>1500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>74</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">W</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">Volfram</a> </td> <td>770</td> <td>1700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Re</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td>760</td> <td>1260</td> <td>2510</td> <td>3640 </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Os</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td>840</td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>77</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ir</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td>880</td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>78</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Pt</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Platina</a> </td> <td>870</td> <td>1791 </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Au</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guld" title="Guld">Guld</a> </td> <td>890,1</td> <td>1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Hg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kvicksilver" title="Kvicksilver">Kvicksilver</a> </td> <td>1007,1</td> <td>1810</td> <td>3300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>81</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Tl</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium">Tallium</a> </td> <td>589,4</td> <td>1971</td> <td>2878 </td></tr> <tr> <td>82</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Pb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Bly</a> </td> <td>715,6</td> <td>1450,5</td> <td>3081,5</td> <td>4083</td> <td>6640 </td></tr> <tr> <td>83</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Bi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut">Vismut</a> </td> <td>703</td> <td>1610</td> <td>2466</td> <td>4370</td> <td>5400</td> <td>8520 </td></tr> <tr> <td>84</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Po</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td>812,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">At</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">Astat</a> </td> <td>899,003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Rn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td> <td>1037 </td></tr> <tr> <td>87</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">Fr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td>380 </td></tr> <tr> <td>88</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Ra</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td>509,3</td> <td>979,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Ac</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Aktinium</a> </td> <td>499</td> <td>1170</td> <td>1900</td> <td>4700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Torium</a> </td> <td>587</td> <td>1110</td> <td>1978</td> <td>2780 </td></tr> <tr> <td>91</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Pa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Protaktinium</a> </td> <td>568</td> <td>1128</td> <td>1814</td> <td>2991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>92</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">U</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a> </td> <td>597,6</td> <td>1420</td> <td>1900</td> <td>3145 </td></tr> <tr> <td>93</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Np</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td>604,5</td> <td>1128</td> <td>1997</td> <td>3242 </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Pu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td>584,7</td> <td>1128</td> <td>2084</td> <td>3338 </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Am</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td>578</td> <td>1158</td> <td>2132</td> <td>3493 </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Cm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td>581</td> <td>1196</td> <td>2026</td> <td>3550 </td></tr> <tr> <td>97</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Bk</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td>601</td> <td>1186</td> <td>2152</td> <td>3434 </td></tr> <tr> <td>98</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Cf</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td>608</td> <td>1206</td> <td>2267</td> <td>3599 </td></tr> <tr> <td>99</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Es</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td>619</td> <td>1216</td> <td>2334</td> <td>3734 </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Fm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td>627</td> <td>1225</td> <td>2363</td> <td>3792 </td></tr> <tr> <td>101</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Md</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td>635</td> <td>1235</td> <td>2470</td> <td>3840 </td></tr> <tr> <td>102</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">No</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td>642</td> <td>1254</td> <td>2643</td> <td>3956 </td></tr> <tr> <td>103</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Aktinoid">Lr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td>470</td> <td>1428</td> <td>2228</td> <td>4910 </td></tr> <tr> <td>104</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Rf</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td>579,9</td> <td>1389,4</td> <td>2296,4</td> <td>3077,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>105</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Db</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td>664,8</td> <td>1546,7</td> <td>2378,4</td> <td>3298,8</td> <td>4305,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>106</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Sg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td>757,4</td> <td>1732,9</td> <td>2483,5</td> <td>3415,6</td> <td>4561,8</td> <td>5715,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>107</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Bh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td>742,9</td> <td>1688,5</td> <td>2566,5</td> <td>3598,9</td> <td>4727,8</td> <td>5991,7</td> <td>7226,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>108</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Hs</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td>733,3</td> <td>1756,0</td> <td>2827,0</td> <td>3637,5</td> <td>4940,0</td> <td>6175,1</td> <td>7535,5</td> <td>8857,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>109</td> <td bgcolor="#ffe2e2" title="Övergångsmetall (förutsagt)">Mt</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td>800,8</td> <td>1823,6</td> <td>2904,2</td> <td>3859,4</td> <td>4920,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>110</td> <td bgcolor="#ffe2e2" title="Övergångsmetall (förutsagt)">Ds</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td>955,2</td> <td>1891,1</td> <td>3029,6</td> <td>3955,9</td> <td>5113,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>111</td> <td bgcolor="#ffe2e2" title="Övergångsmetall (förutsagt)">Rg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenium" title="Röntgenium">Röntgenium</a> </td> <td>1022,7</td> <td>2074,4</td> <td>3077,9</td> <td>4052,4</td> <td>5306,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>112</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td>1154,9</td> <td>2170,0</td> <td>3164,7</td> <td>4245,4</td> <td>5499,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>113</td> <td bgcolor="#d8d8d8" title="Övrig metall (förutsagt)">Nh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td>704,9</td> <td>2238,5</td> <td>3023,3</td> <td>4351,5</td> <td>5692,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>114</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Fl</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td>823,9</td> <td>1601,6</td> <td>3367,3</td> <td>4399,7</td> <td>5847,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>115</td> <td bgcolor="#d8d8d8" title="Övrig metall (förutsagt)">Mc</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Moskovium</a> </td> <td>538,4</td> <td>1756,0</td> <td>2653,3</td> <td>4679,5</td> <td>5721,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>116</td> <td bgcolor="#d8d8d8" title="Övrig metall (förutsagt)">Lv</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td>723,6</td> <td>1331,5</td> <td>2846,3</td> <td>3811,2</td> <td>6078,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>117</td> <td bgcolor="#e2e2aa" title="Halvmetall (förutsagt)">Ts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Tenness</a> </td> <td>742,9</td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">1852,55 </span><span class="sorttext">1785,0–<br /> 1920,1</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>118</td> <td bgcolor="#ddffff" title="Ädelgas (förutsagt)">Og</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td> <td>839,4</td> <td>1563,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>119</td> <td bgcolor="#d8bcbc" title="Alkalimetall (förutsagt)">Uue</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Ununennium</a> </td> <td>463,1</td> <td>1698,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>120</td> <td bgcolor="#ffecd3" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall (förutsagt)">Ubn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Unbinilium</a> </td> <td>578,9</td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">906,95 </span><span class="sorttext">895,4–<br /> 918,5</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>121</td> <td bgcolor="#d1ddff" title="Superaktinoid">Ubu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium">Unbiunium</a> </td> <td>429,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>122</td> <td bgcolor="#d1ddff" title="Superaktinoid">Ubb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium">Unbibium</a> </td> <td>540,4</td> <td>1090,4</td> <td>1968,5</td> <td>2618,9 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektron_11–20"><span id="Elektron_11.E2.80.9320"></span>Elektron 11–20</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Elektron 11–20" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Elektron 11–20"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Z</a> </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Kemiskt_tecken" title="Kemiskt tecken">T</a> </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">Grundämne </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">11 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">12 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">13 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">14 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">15 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">16 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">17 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">18 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">19 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">20 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">21+ </th></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">Na</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td>159076 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Mg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td>169988</td> <td>189368 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Övrig metall">Al</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td>42647</td> <td>201266</td> <td>222316 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Halvmetall">Si</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kisel" title="Kisel">Kisel</a> </td> <td>45962</td> <td>50502</td> <td>235196</td> <td>257923 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td bgcolor="#a1ffc3" title="Polyatomisk icke-metall">P</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td>46261</td> <td>54110</td> <td>59024</td> <td>271791</td> <td>296195 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td bgcolor="#a1ffc3" title="Polyatomisk icke-metall">S</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Svavel" title="Svavel">Svavel</a> </td> <td>48710</td> <td>54460</td> <td>62930</td> <td>68216</td> <td>311048</td> <td>337138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td bgcolor="#e7ff8f" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">Cl</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Klor</a> </td> <td>51068</td> <td>57119</td> <td>63363</td> <td>72341</td> <td>78095</td> <td>352994</td> <td>380760 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Ar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td> <td>52002</td> <td>59653</td> <td>66199</td> <td>72918</td> <td>82473</td> <td>88576</td> <td>397605</td> <td>427066 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666" title="Alkalimetall">K</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">Kalium</a> </td> <td>54490</td> <td>60730</td> <td>68950</td> <td>75900</td> <td>83080</td> <td>93400</td> <td>99710</td> <td>444880</td> <td>476063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Ca</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalcium" title="Kalcium">Kalcium</a> </td> <td>57110</td> <td>63410</td> <td>70110</td> <td>78890</td> <td>86310</td> <td>94000</td> <td>104900</td> <td>111711</td> <td>494850</td> <td>527762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Sc</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td>24102</td> <td>66320</td> <td>73010</td> <td>80160</td> <td>89490</td> <td>97400</td> <td>105600</td> <td>117000</td> <td>124270</td> <td>547530</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ti</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">Titan</a> </td> <td>25575</td> <td>28125</td> <td>76015</td> <td>83280</td> <td>90880</td> <td>100700</td> <td>109100</td> <td>117800</td> <td>129900</td> <td>137530</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">V</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadin" title="Vanadin">Vanadin</a> </td> <td>24670</td> <td>29730</td> <td>32446</td> <td>86450</td> <td>94170</td> <td>102300</td> <td>112700</td> <td>121600</td> <td>130700</td> <td>143400</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Krom</a> </td> <td>26130</td> <td>28750</td> <td>34230</td> <td>37066</td> <td>97510</td> <td>105800</td> <td>114300</td> <td>125300</td> <td>134700</td> <td>144300</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Mn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td>27590</td> <td>30330</td> <td>33150</td> <td>38880</td> <td>41987</td> <td>109480</td> <td>118100</td> <td>127100</td> <td>138600</td> <td>148500</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Fe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn" title="Järn">Järn</a> </td> <td>28000</td> <td>31920</td> <td>34830</td> <td>37840</td> <td>44100</td> <td>47206</td> <td>122200</td> <td>131000</td> <td>140500</td> <td>152600</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Co</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Kobolt</a> </td> <td>29400</td> <td>32400</td> <td>36600</td> <td>39700</td> <td>42800</td> <td>49396</td> <td>52737</td> <td>134810</td> <td>145170</td> <td>154700</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ni</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td>30970</td> <td>34000</td> <td>37100</td> <td>41500</td> <td>44800</td> <td>48100</td> <td>55101</td> <td>58570</td> <td>148700</td> <td>159000</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar">Koppar</a> </td> <td>25600</td> <td>35600</td> <td>38700</td> <td>42000</td> <td>46700</td> <td>50200</td> <td>53700</td> <td>61100</td> <td>64702</td> <td>163700</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Zn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zink</a> </td> <td>26400</td> <td>29990</td> <td>40490</td> <td>43800</td> <td>47300</td> <td>52300</td> <td>55900</td> <td>59700</td> <td>67300</td> <td>171200</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Kr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td> <td>29700</td> <td>33800</td> <td>37700</td> <td>43100</td> <td>47500</td> <td>52200</td> <td>57100</td> <td>61800</td> <td>75800</td> <td>80400</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Sr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td>31270 </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Y</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td>19900</td> <td>36090 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Mo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Molybden</a> </td> <td>20190</td> <td>22219</td> <td>26930</td> <td>29196</td> <td>52490</td> <td>55000</td> <td>61400</td> <td>67700</td> <td>74000</td> <td>80400</td> <td style="background:yellow; text-align:center;"><a href="#21–30">(↓)</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektron_21–30"><span id="Elektron_21.E2.80.9330"></span>Elektron 21–30</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Elektron 21–30" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Elektron 21–30"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Z</a> </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Kemiskt_tecken" title="Kemiskt tecken">T</a> </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">Grundämne </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">21 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">22 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">23 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">24 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">25 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">26 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">27 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">28 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">29 </th> <th style="background:#b3b7ff;">30 </th></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Sc</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td>582163 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ti</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">Titan</a> </td> <td>602930</td> <td>639294 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">V</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadin" title="Vanadin">Vanadin</a> </td> <td>151440</td> <td>661050</td> <td>699144 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Krom</a> </td> <td>157700</td> <td>166090</td> <td>721870</td> <td>761733 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Mn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td>158600</td> <td>172500</td> <td>181380</td> <td>785450</td> <td>827067 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Fe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn" title="Järn">Järn</a> </td> <td>163000</td> <td>173600</td> <td>188100</td> <td>195200</td> <td>851800</td> <td>895161 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Co</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Kobolt</a> </td> <td>167400</td> <td>178100</td> <td>189300</td> <td>204500</td> <td>214100</td> <td>920870</td> <td>966023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Ni</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td>169400</td> <td>182700</td> <td>194000</td> <td>205600</td> <td>221400</td> <td>231490</td> <td>992718</td> <td>1039668 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Cu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar">Koppar</a> </td> <td>174100</td> <td>184900</td> <td>198800</td> <td>210500</td> <td>222700</td> <td>239100</td> <td>249660</td> <td>1067358</td> <td>1116105 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Zn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zink</a> </td> <td>179100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Ädelgas">Kr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td> <td>85300</td> <td>90400</td> <td>96300</td> <td>101400</td> <td>111100</td> <td>116290</td> <td>282500</td> <td>296200</td> <td>311400</td> <td>326200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Övergångsmetall">Mo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Molybden</a> </td> <td>87000</td> <td>93400</td> <td>98420</td> <td>104400</td> <td>121900</td> <td>127700</td> <td>133800</td> <td>139800</td> <td>148100</td> <td>154500 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Förklaring"><span id="F.C3.B6rklaring"></span>Förklaring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förklaring" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Förklaring"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size:85%; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;">Förklaring </th></tr><tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"><span style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"><b>Bakgrundsfärgen</b> visar grundämnets <a href="/wiki/%C3%84mnesklass" class="mw-redirect" title="Ämnesklass">ämnesklass</a>.</span> <table width="100%" style="font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#e0e0e0; text-align:center;" colspan="7;"><b><a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">Metaller</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Halvmetall" title="Halvmetall">Halvmetall</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#e0e0e0; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Icke-metall" title="Icke-metall">Icke-metaller</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">Alkalimetall</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alkalisk_jordartsmetall" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Alkalisk jordartsmetall</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#d1ddff; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superaktinoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superaktinoid [inte skriven än]">Superaktinoid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantanoid">Lantanoid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinoid">Aktinoid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96verg%C3%A5ngsmetall" title="Övergångsmetall">Övergångsmetall</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96vrig_metall" title="Övrig metall">Övrig metall</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#e7ff8f; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Diatomisk_icke-metall" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomisk icke-metall">Diatomisk <span style="white-space:nowrap">icke-metall</span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a1ffc3; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Polyatomisk_icke-metall" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyatomisk icke-metall">Polyatomisk <span style="white-space:nowrap">icke-metall</span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84delgas" title="Ädelgas">Ädelgas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#d8bcbc; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffecd3; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#d1ddff; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffe2e2; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#d8d8d8; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#e2e2aa; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#f2ffc2; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#d0ffe1; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#ddffff; width:9%; text-align:center"><i>förutsagt</i> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHaire2006">Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). ”Transactinides and the future elements”. i Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. <i><span>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</span></i> (3rd). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-4020-3555-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-4020-3555-1">ISBN 1-4020-3555-1</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Transactinides+and+the+future+elements&rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+of+the+Actinide+and+Transactinide+Elements&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Darleane+C.&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Darleane+C.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Diana+M.&rft.au=Pershina%2C+Valeria&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=3rd&rft.place=Dordrecht%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=%5B%5BSpringer+Science%2BBusiness+Media%5D%5D&rft.isbn=1-4020-3555-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (for predictions)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCotton2006">Cotton, Simon (2006). <i><span>Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry</span></i>. John Wiley & Sons Ltd</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lanthanide+and+Actinide+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Cotton%2C+Simon&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons+Ltd&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFFricke1975">Fricke, Burkhard (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225672062_Superheavy_elements_a_prediction_of_their_chemical_and_physical_properties">”Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties”</a>. <i>Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry</i> 21: sid. 89–144. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBFb0116498">10.1007/BFb0116498</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225672062_Superheavy_elements_a_prediction_of_their_chemical_and_physical_properties">http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225672062_Superheavy_elements_a_prediction_of_their_chemical_and_physical_properties</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 oktober 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Superheavy+elements%3A+a+prediction+of+their+chemical+and+physical+properties&rft.jtitle=Recent+Impact+of+Physics+on+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Fricke&rft.aufirst=Burkhard&rft.au=Fricke%2C+Burkhard&rft.date=1975&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B89%E2%80%93144&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBFb0116498&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F225672062_Superheavy_elements_a_prediction_of_their_chemical_and_physical_properties&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Grund%C3%A4mnenas_jonisationspotential"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (for predictions)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output 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