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id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D8%AD%D8%AF+%28%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>داخل ہوں</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="مزید اختیارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ذاتی آلات" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ذاتی آلات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ur.wikipedia.org&uselang=ur"><span>عطیہ دیجیے</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D8%AD%D8%AF+%28%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D8%AD%D8%AF+%28%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>داخل ہوں</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="ترمیم کاری کے متعلق مزید تفصیلات"><span>مزید تفصیلات</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="اس آئی پی پتے سے انجام دی جانے والی تمام ترامیم کی فہرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>شراکتیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس آئی پی پتے کی ترامیم سے متعلق گفتگو [n]" accesskey="n"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ویب گاہ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مندرجات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مندرجات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دیباچہ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ماخوذ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ماخوذ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ماخوذ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ماخوذ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ماخوذ کے ذیلی قطعہ پر جائیں</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ماخوذ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-دھکیلو_پنکھا_طیارہ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#دھکیلو_پنکھا_طیارہ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>دھکیلو پنکھا طیارہ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-دھکیلو_پنکھا_طیارہ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مزید_دیکھیے" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مزید_دیکھیے"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>مزید دیکھیے</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مزید_دیکھیے-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالہ_جات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالہ_جات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>حوالہ جات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالہ_جات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مندرجات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="فہرست عناوین دیکھیں" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">فہرست عناوین دیکھیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">حد (طیرانیات)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 زبانیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89_(%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="مدى (طائرة) – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدى (طائرة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aeronautics)" title="Range (aeronautics) – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Range (aeronautics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abast_(aeron%C3%A0utica)" title="Abast (aeronàutica) – کیٹالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abast (aeronàutica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کیٹالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolet_letadla" title="Dolet letadla – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolet letadla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εμβέλεια – یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμβέλεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcance_(aeron%C3%A1utica)" title="Alcance (aeronáutica) – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alcance (aeronáutica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atingopovo" title="Atingopovo – ایسپرانٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atingopovo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپرانٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_franchissable" title="Distance franchissable – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Distance franchissable" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%86%8D_%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%AC" title="항속 거리 – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항속 거리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarak_jangkau" title="Jarak jangkau – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jarak jangkau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomia_(meccanica)" title="Autonomia (meccanica) – اطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Autonomia (meccanica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D1%88%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ұшу алыстығы – قزاخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұшу алыстығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actieradius" title="Actieradius – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Actieradius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%B6%9A%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2" title="航続距離 – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="航続距離" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zasi%C4%99g_pojazdu" title="Zasięg pojazdu – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zasięg pojazdu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Дальность полёта летательного аппарата – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дальность полёта летательного аппарата" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolet_(leteck%C3%A1_technika)" title="Dolet (letecká technika) – سلوواک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dolet (letecká technika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolet" title="Dolet – سلووینیائی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dolet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلووینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentomatka" title="Lentomatka – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lentomatka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A8%8B_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA)" title="航程 (航空) – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="航程 (航空)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q905424#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ترمیم بین اللسانی روابط" class="wbc-editpage">ترمیم روابط</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضائے نام"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF_(%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مواد پر مشتمل صفحہ دیکھیں [c]" accesskey="c"><span>صفحہ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%82_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84:%D8%AD%D8%AF_(%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" rel="discussion" title="مضمون کے متعلق گفتگو کریں [t]" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ur" dir="rtl"><p>کسی <a href="/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ہوائی جہاز">ہوائی جہاز</a> میں ایندھن کے خاتمے تک سفر کرنے کی گنجایش۔ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ماخوذ"><span id=".D9.85.D8.A7.D8.AE.D9.88.D8.B0"></span>ماخوذ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D8%AF_(%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)&action=edit&section=1" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: ماخوذ"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>اکثر طیاروں کا، زیادہ سے زیادہ <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="پرواز کا وقت">پرواز کا وقت</a> تغیر پزیر ہے، جو ان ذرائی سے دستیاب ہوتی ہے، دن کے اوقات، طیارے کے ڈیزائن (کارکردگی)، موسمی حالات، طیارے کی ممکنہ توانائی اور پائلٹ کی برداشت۔ Therefore the range equation can only exactly calculated and will be derived for propeller and jet aircraft. If the total weight of the aircraft at a particular time <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span> is </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>W</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W}"></span> = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{e}+W_{f}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{e}+W_{f}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2ca7c708b7abcaaea67ce3505d3a423323436bf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.363ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{e}+W_{f}}"></span>، </p><p>یہاں <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/833c53157b3eef79e84533a73f6a2c42581348b2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.192ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{e}}"></span> ایندھن کا وزن صفر ہے اور <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{f}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{f}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be4b9d6bd5dd43b7af74b0fb256a847c85355f3e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.33ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{f}}"></span> ایندھن کا وزن ہے، فی اکائی وقت ایندھن کی کھپت کی شرح <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}"></span> برابر ہے </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -{\frac {dW_{f}}{dt}}={\frac {dW}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -{\frac {dW_{f}}{dt}}={\frac {dW}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2fd38fc3e6f32ed91c2f2f45c1d41c602eaf536c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.776ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -{\frac {dW_{f}}{dt}}={\frac {dW}{dt}}}"></span>. </p><p>طیارے کے وزن کی تبدیلی مع فاصلہ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {dW}{dR}}={\frac {\frac {dW}{dt}}{\frac {dR}{dt}}}=-{\frac {F}{V}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>F</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {dW}{dR}}={\frac {\frac {dW}{dt}}{\frac {dR}{dt}}}=-{\frac {F}{V}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33be3c1679b9240ffb3648fe3584728f984aab51" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:19.37ex; height:8.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {dW}{dR}}={\frac {\frac {dW}{dt}}{\frac {dR}{dt}}}=-{\frac {F}{V}}}"></span>، ہے </p><p>یہاں <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span> رفتار ہے، لہذا </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {dR}{dt}}=-{\frac {V}{F}}{\frac {dW}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>V</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {dR}{dt}}=-{\frac {V}{F}}{\frac {dW}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/17a70b18b4d86e37b213b009c118c6bc1a40111f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:15.833ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {dR}{dt}}=-{\frac {V}{F}}{\frac {dW}{dt}}}"></span> </p><p>اس مندرجہ ذیل حد اطلاق کو ذیل میں بیان کیا گيا ہے، مع <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cb0768c0bd659f2f84fb5ef9f4b74f336123d915" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{1}}"></span> اور <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/749fee708b41e7079eabd50d61c8bf3e965db16f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{2}}"></span> شروع اور ختم اوقات بالترتیب اور <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74ab879909bd9762251f679bbb2fa738100baa45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.248ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{1}}"></span> اور <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/421467fcab2af38ddf3977b9adf66de8ef3abd57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.248ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{2}}"></span> طیارہ کا پہلا اور آخری وزن ہے۔ </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R=\int _{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}{\frac {dR}{dt}}dt=\int _{W_{1}}^{W_{2}}-{\frac {V}{F}}dW=\int _{W_{2}}^{W_{1}}{\frac {V}{F}}dW}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>V</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>V</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R=\int _{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}{\frac {dR}{dt}}dt=\int _{W_{1}}^{W_{2}}-{\frac {V}{F}}dW=\int _{W_{2}}^{W_{1}}{\frac {V}{F}}dW}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b2c4e1f7df11d6f6d8e9eb97df9a9a1f328a037" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:46.729ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R=\int _{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}{\frac {dR}{dt}}dt=\int _{W_{1}}^{W_{2}}-{\frac {V}{F}}dW=\int _{W_{2}}^{W_{1}}{\frac {V}{F}}dW}"></span>۔ </p><p>اصطلاح <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>V</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e6ccc996ba54ca22c615c8a4222649e9b05a6f2b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:2.623ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{F}}}"></span> مخصوص حد کہا جاتا ہے (= ایندھن کے وزن کی حد فی اکائی)۔ اس کے طیارے کی مخصوص حد جانی جا سکتی ہے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="دھکیلو_پنکھا_طیارہ"><span id=".D8.AF.DA.BE.DA.A9.DB.8C.D9.84.D9.88_.D9.BE.D9.86.DA.A9.DA.BE.D8.A7_.D8.B7.DB.8C.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.81"></span>دھکیلو پنکھا طیارہ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D8%AF_(%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)&action=edit&section=2" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: دھکیلو پنکھا طیارہ"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With propeller driven propulsion, the level flight speed at a number of airplane weights from the equilibrium condition <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{a}=P_{r}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{a}=P_{r}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/46d964e1cce4922d2a49b2ac4e083ab9f4b4bd0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.159ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{a}=P_{r}}"></span> has to be noted. To each flight velocity, there corresponds a particular value of propulsive efficiency <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{j}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>η</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{j}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/943ba755dfd551eb9ff2434aa5fae21a96bb1a58" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.065ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{j}}"></span> اور <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5_%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%DB%92_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%BE%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مخصوص وقفے میں ایندھن کی کھپت (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">ایندھن کی مخصوص کھپت</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{p}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{p}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77463f4fbb953a6f1fe19d83708e553f6d21457f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{p}}"></span>۔ متواتر انجن کی طاقتوں کو دیکھا جا سکتا ہے: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{br}={\frac {P_{a}}{\eta _{j}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>η</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{br}={\frac {P_{a}}{\eta _{j}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3052f2ea7a101ff362ea44180a778bc8d4592328" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:9.7ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{br}={\frac {P_{a}}{\eta _{j}}}}"></span> </p><p>اسی ایندھن کے وزن کے بہاؤ کی شرح سے اب حساب کیا جا سکتا ہے: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=c_{p}P_{br}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=c_{p}P_{br}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef86ac2e7f995de1a77cde92fe09e8e32e2b951c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:10.077ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=c_{p}P_{br}}"></span> </p><p>زور دیے جانے کی طاقت، کھینچنے کی رفتار سے ضرب دی جاتی ہے، جو بائیں طرف سے کھینچنے کے تناسب سے حاصل کی جاتی ہے: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{a}=V{\frac {C_{D}}{C_{L}}}W}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>W</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{a}=V{\frac {C_{D}}{C_{L}}}W}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d98649f1c5d451f7408e67a6337b25b145038c5d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:14.006ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{a}=V{\frac {C_{D}}{C_{L}}}W}"></span> </p><p>غیر منقسم، کھینچنے کا تناسب کرنے کے لیے مسلسل بائیں جانب پرواز کو سنبھالنے، اس سے بن جاتا ہے </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R={\frac {\eta _{j}}{c_{p}}}{\frac {C_{L}}{C_{D}}}\int _{W_{2}}^{W_{1}}{\frac {dW}{W}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>η</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> <mi>W</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R={\frac {\eta _{j}}{c_{p}}}{\frac {C_{L}}{C_{D}}}\int _{W_{2}}^{W_{1}}{\frac {dW}{W}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3623508282717e20ab0a4fac8c999cb6163415d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:22.196ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R={\frac {\eta _{j}}{c_{p}}}{\frac {C_{L}}{C_{D}}}\int _{W_{2}}^{W_{1}}{\frac {dW}{W}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مزید_دیکھیے"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B2.DB.8C.D8.AF_.D8.AF.DB.8C.DA.A9.DA.BE.DB.8C.DB.92"></span>مزید دیکھیے</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D8%AF_(%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)&action=edit&section=3" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: مزید دیکھیے"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پرواز کی لمبائی (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">پرواز کی لمبائی</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالہ_جات"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.81_.D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>حوالہ جات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D8%AF_(%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)&action=edit&section=4" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: حوالہ جات"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4721619">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <ul><li>G. 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Spakovszky</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node98.html">Thermodynamics and Propulsion, Chapter 13.3 Aircraft Range: the Breguet Range Equation</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Engineering,_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">MIT turbines</a>, 2002</li> <li>Martinez, Isidoro. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webserver.dmt.upm.es/~isidoro/bk3/c17/Aircraft%20propulsion.pdf">Aircraft propulsion. Range and endurance: Breguet's equation</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webserver.dmt.upm.es/~isidoro/bk3/c17/Aircraft%20propulsion.pdf">آرکائیو شدہ</a> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">(Date missing)</span> بذریعہ webserver.dmt.upm.es <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">(Error: unknown archive URL)</span></i> page 25.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">اخذ کردہ از «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=حد_(طیرانیات)&oldid=5367710">https://ur.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=حد_(طیرانیات)&oldid=5367710</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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