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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graadsimbool" title="Graadsimbool – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Graadsimbool" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="رمز الدرجة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رمز الدرجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_(s%C3%ADmbol)" title="Grau (símbol) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grau (símbol)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znak_stupn%C4%9B" title="Znak stupně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znak stupně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradtegn" title="Gradtegn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gradtegn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradzeichen" title="Gradzeichen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gradzeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_de_grado" title="Símbolo de grado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Símbolo de grado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_(signo)" title="Grado (signo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grado (signo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_(symbole)" title="Degré (symbole) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Degré (symbole)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grao_(signo)" title="Grao (signo) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grao (signo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Градус темдег – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Градус темдег" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8" title="도 기호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도 기호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Աստիճանի նշան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստիճանի նշան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%B0" title="° – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="°" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_(simbolo)" title="Grado (simbolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grado (simbolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F)" title="מעלה (סימן) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעלה (סימן)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laipsnis_(simbolis)" title="Laipsnis (simbolis) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laipsnis (simbolis)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokjel" title="Fokjel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fokjel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Знак за степен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Знак за степен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol_darjah" title="Simbol darjah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Simbol darjah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%B0" title="° – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="°" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_(symbol)" title="Grad (symbol) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grad (symbol)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9" title="ਡਿਗਰੀ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਿਗਰੀ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopie%C5%84_(symbol)" title="Stopień (symbol) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stopień (symbol)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_de_grau" title="Símbolo de grau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Símbolo de grau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Знак градуса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Знак градуса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradtecken_(symbol)" title="Gradtecken (symbol) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gradtecken (symbol)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Градус билгесе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Градус билгесе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derece_simgesi" title="Derece simgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Derece simgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Символ градуса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Символ градуса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="度數符號 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="度數符號" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1053461#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Typographical symbol of a small circle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">°</span> redirects here. For similar symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Circle_symbol_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Circle symbol (disambiguation)">circle symbol (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Degree_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Degree (disambiguation)">degree (disambiguation)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">°</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Degree symbol</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+00B0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">°</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DEGREE SIGN</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&deg;</span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Different from</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Different from</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00BA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">º</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02DA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">˚</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)" title="Ring (diacritic)">RING ABOVE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+030A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̊</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)" title="Ring (diacritic)">COMBINING RING ABOVE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D52</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᵒ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts" title="Unicode subscripts and superscripts">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL O</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D3C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᴼ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts" title="Unicode subscripts and superscripts">MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL O</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2070</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⁰</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts" title="Unicode subscripts and superscripts">SUPERSCRIPT ZERO</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2103</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">℃</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DEGREE CELSIUS</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2109</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">℉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DEGREE FAHRENHEIT</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>degree symbol</b> or <b>degree sign</b>, <b><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">°</span></b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyph</a> or <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbol</a> that is used, among other things, to represent <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degrees of arc</a> (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">geographic coordinate systems</a>), hours (in the medical field), <a href="/wiki/Degree_(temperature)" title="Degree (temperature)">degrees of temperature</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_proof" title="Alcohol proof">alcohol proof</a>. The symbol consists of a small <a href="/wiki/Superscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscript">superscript</a> circle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/degree" class="extiw" title="wikt:degree">degree</a> is equivalent to Latin <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gradus" class="extiw" title="wikt:gradus">gradus</a> which, since the medieval period, could refer to any stage in a graded system of ranks or steps. The number of the rank in question was indicated by <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_number" title="Ordinal number">ordinal numbers</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sigla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigla">abbreviation</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a> (a superscript <i><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></i>). </p><p>Use of "degree" specifically for the degrees of arc, used in conjunction with Arabic numerals, became common in the 16th century, but this was initially without the use of an ordinal marker or degree symbol: instead, various abbreviation of <i>gradus</i> (e.g., Gra., Gr., gr., G.).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern notation appears in print in the 1570s, with a borderline example by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pelletier_du_Mans" title="Jacques Pelletier du Mans">Jacques Pelletier du Mans</a> in 1569, and was popularized by, among others, <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>, but didn't become universal. </p><p>Similarly, the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Temperature_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperature scale">temperature scales</a> with degrees in the 18th century was at first without such symbols, but with the word "gradus" spelled out. Use of the degree symbol was introduced for temperature in the later 18th century and became widespread in the early 19th century. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> in his "Opuscules physiques et chymiques" (1774) used the <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a> with Arabic numerals – for example, when he wrote in the introduction: </p> <dl><dd><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">... une suite d'Expériences [...] 1<sup>o</sup>. sur l'existence du même fluide élastique [...]</i></span> (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lavoisier_-_Opuscules_physiques_et_chimiques.djvu&page=14p.">p. vi</a>)</dd> <dd>(... a series of experiments [...] firstly, on the existence of that same elastic fluid [...])</dd></dl> <p>The <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">1<sup>o</sup>.</span> is to be read as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">primo</i></span> meaning "in the first place", followed by <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">2<sup>o</sup>.</span> ("in the second place"), etc. In the same work, when Lavoisier gives a temperature, he spells out the word "degree" explicitly, for example (p. <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Lavoisier_-_Opuscules_physiques_et_chimiques.djvu/246">206</a>): <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">une température de 16 à 17 dégrés du thermomètre</i></span> ("a temperature of 16 to 17 degrees of the thermometer") - notice the old spelling for <i>degré</i> in the citation. </p><p>An early use of the degree symbol for temperature is that by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> in 1776 for degrees of the <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheit scale">Fahrenheit scale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symbol is also declared as a notation for degrees of arc as early as 1831, in an American mathematics textbook for schools.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typography">Typography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Typography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the case of degrees of <a href="/wiki/Angle" title="Angle">angular</a> <a href="/wiki/Arc_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc (geometry)">arc</a>, the degree symbol follows the number without any intervening <a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a>, e.g. <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">30°</span>. The addition of <a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">minute and second of arc</a> follows the degree units, with intervening spaces (optionally, <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking space</a>) between the sexagesimal <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)#Subdivisions" title="Degree (angle)">degree subdivisions</a> but no spaces between the numbers and units, for example <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">30°<span class="nowrap"> </span>12<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.15em;">′</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>5″</span>. </p><p>In the case of degrees of <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, three scientific and engineering standards bodies (the <a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government Printing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>) prescribe printing temperatures with a space between the number and the degree symbol, e.g. <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">10<span class="nowrap"> </span>°C</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in many works with professional typesetting, including scientific works published by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, the degree symbol is printed with no spaces between the number, the symbol, and the Latin letters "C" or "F" representing <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a>, respectively, e.g. <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">10°C</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also the practice of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, which operates the National Center for Atmospheric Research.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a>, the official US entities related to the standardization of the use of units, require a space between the numerical value and the unit designator,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except when the degree symbol alone is used to denote an angular value. </p><p>Use of the degree symbol to refer to temperatures measured in <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvins</a> (symbol: K) was abolished in 1967 by the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures (<a href="/wiki/CGPM" class="mw-redirect" title="CGPM">CGPM</a>). Therefore, the triple point of water, for instance, is written simply as 273.16 K. The name of the SI unit of temperature is now "kelvin", in lower case, and no longer "degrees Kelvin". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a>, the symbol is used to denote <a href="/wiki/Logarithmic_scale" title="Logarithmic scale">logarithmic</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">film speed</a> grades. In this usage, it follows the number without spacing as in <a href="/wiki/21%C2%B0_DIN" class="mw-redirect" title="21° DIN">21° DIN</a>, <a href="/wiki/5%C2%B0_ASA" class="mw-redirect" title="5° ASA">5° ASA</a> or <a href="/wiki/ISO_100/21%C2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 100/21°">ISO 100/21°</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding">Encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The degree symbol is included in Unicode as <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00B0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">°</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DEGREE SIGN</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&deg;</span>). </p><p>For use with <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">wide character fonts</a>, there are also code points for <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2103</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">℃</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DEGREE CELSIUS</span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2109</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">℉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DEGREE FAHRENHEIT</span>. </p><p>The degree sign was not included in the basic 7-bit <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> set of 1963. In 1987, the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> standard introduced it at position 0xB0 (176 decimal) in all variants except Part 5 (Cyrillic), 6 (Arabic), 7 (Greek) and 11 (Thai). In 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard incorporated all of the ISO/IEC 8859 code points and thus included the degree sign (at U+00B0).. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows Code Page 1252</a> was an extension of <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">ISO/IEC 8859-1</a> (8859 Part 1 or "ISO Latin-1") standard, so it had the degree sign at the same code point, 0xB0. The code point in the older DOS <a href="/wiki/CP437" class="mw-redirect" title="CP437">Code Page 437</a> was 0xF8 (248 decimal); therefore, the <a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">Alt code</a> used to enter the symbol directly from the keyboard is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">2</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lookalikes">Lookalikes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lookalikes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other characters with similar appearance but different meanings include: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00BA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">º</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Masculine_ordinal_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculine ordinal indicator">MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&ordm;</span>) (indicator used in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese that follows a numeral denoting that it is an <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_number_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinal number (linguistics)">ordinal number</a>, rather than a <a href="/wiki/Names_of_numbers_in_English#Cardinal_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of numbers in English">cardinal number</a>; varies with the font and sometimes underlined)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D52</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᵒ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL O</span> (superscript letter o)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02DA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">˚</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_ring_above" class="mw-redirect" title="Modifier letter ring above">RING ABOVE</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&ring;</span>) (standalone) <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+030A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̊</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)" title="Ring (diacritic)">COMBINING RING ABOVE</a></span> (applied to a letter)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0325</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̥</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)" title="Ring (diacritic)">COMBINING RING BELOW</a></span> (applied to a letter)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0366</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌ͦ</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O</span> (applied to a letter)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+309C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">゜</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Handakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Handakuten">KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK</a></span> (standalone) <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+309A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌゚</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Handakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Handakuten">COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK</a></span> (applied to a letter)</li> <li>(precomposed characters containing this mark also exists)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+18DE</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᣞ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics">CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL SMALL RING</a></span> (stand alone, typically representing either <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span>) <ul><li>(precomposed characters containing this mark also exists)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2070</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⁰</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts" title="Unicode subscripts and superscripts">SUPERSCRIPT ZERO</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2080</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">₀</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts" title="Unicode subscripts and superscripts">SUBSCRIPT ZERO</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2218</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∘</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Composition_operator" title="Composition operator">RING OPERATOR</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&compfn;, &SmallCircle;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+29B5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⦵</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Plimsoll_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Plimsoll symbol">CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&ohbar;</span>) (used in superscripted form, <sup>⦵</sup>, to mean standard state (chemistry))</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1BC85</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𛲅</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH CIRCLE</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1BC95</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𛲕</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW CIRCLE</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+26AC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⚬</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Symbols" title="Miscellaneous Symbols">MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keyboard_entry">Keyboard entry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Keyboard entry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Unicode_input" title="Unicode input">Unicode input</a> and <a href="/wiki/QWERTY#Multilingual_variants" title="QWERTY">QWERTY § Multilingual_variants</a></div> <p>Some computer keyboard layouts, such as the <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> layout as used in Italy, the <a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a> layout as used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and the <a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a> layout as used in France and Belgium, have the degree symbol available directly on a key. But the common keyboard layouts in English-speaking countries do not include the degree sign, which then has to be input some other way. The method of inputting depends on the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyboard mapping">keyboard mapping</a> being used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_Shapes_(Unicode_block)" title="Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)">Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">Prime (symbol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">Question mark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFlorian_Cajori1952" class="citation book cs1">Florian Cajori (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/AHistoryOfMathematicalNotationVolII"><i>A History of Mathematical Notation, Volume II: Notations Mainly in Higher Mathematics</i></a>. The Open Court Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mathematical+Notation%2C+Volume+II%3A+Notations+Mainly+in+Higher+Mathematics&rft.pub=The+Open+Court+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1952&rft.au=Florian+Cajori&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAHistoryOfMathematicalNotationVolII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNairne1777" class="citation journal cs1">Nairne, Edward (1777). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1777.0033">"An Account of some Experiments made with an Air-pump on Mr. Smeaton's Principle; together with some Experiments with a common Air-pump"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>67</b>: 622. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1777.0033">10.1098/rstl.1777.0033</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186211211">186211211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+some+Experiments+made+with+an+Air-pump+on+Mr.+Smeaton%27s+Principle%3B+together+with+some+Experiments+with+a+common+Air-pump&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=622&rft.date=1777&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1777.0033&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186211211%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nairne&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1777.0033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuttonGregoryAdrain1831" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Charles; Gregory, Olinthus; Adrain, Robert (1831). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acoursemathemat01unkngoog/page/n6/mode/2up"><i>A Course of Mathematics for the Use of Academies, as Well as Private Tuition</i></a>. Vol. 1 (Fifth American ed.). New York: W. E. Dean. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acoursemathemat01unkngoog/page/n387/mode/1up">378</a>. <q>Degrees are marked at the top of the figure with a <span class="nowrap">small °,</span> minutes with <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.15em;">′</span>, seconds with ″ and so on.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Course+of+Mathematics+for+the+Use+of+Academies%2C+as+Well+as+Private+Tuition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=378&rft.edition=Fifth+American&rft.pub=W.+E.+Dean&rft.date=1831&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Gregory%2C+Olinthus&rft.au=Adrain%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Facoursemathemat01unkngoog%2Fpage%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span> (It is possibly used in earlier editions but these are not available online.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf"><i>The International System of Units</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (8th ed.), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Bureau+International+des+Poids+et+Mesures&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fcommon%2Fpdf%2Fsi_brochure_8_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2008_style_manual&docid=f:chapter10.pdf"><i>Style Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (30th ed.), United States Government Printing Office, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Style+Manual&rft.edition=30th&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3D2008_style_manual%26docid%3Df%3Achapter10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/ch09/ch09_sec016.html"><i>9.16 Abbreviations and symbols, Chicago Manual of Style</i></a> (15th ed.), University of Chicago, 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=9.16+Abbreviations+and+symbols%2C+Chicago+Manual+of+Style&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagomanualofstyle.org%2F16%2Fch09%2Fch09_sec016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/ch10/ch10_sec052.html"><i>10.52 Miscellaneous technical abbreviations, Chicago Manual of Style</i></a> (15th ed.), University of Chicago, 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=10.52+Miscellaneous+technical+abbreviations%2C+Chicago+Manual+of+Style&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagomanualofstyle.org%2F16%2Fch10%2Fch10_sec052.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUCAR" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/University_Corporation_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="University Corporation for Atmospheric Research">UCAR</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311042533/http://www.ucar.edu/communications/styleguide/d.shtml"><i>UCAR Communications Style Guide</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucar.edu/communications/styleguide/d.shtml">the original</a> on 2007-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UCAR+Communications+Style+Guide&rft.au=UCAR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucar.edu%2Fcommunications%2Fstyleguide%2Fd.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonTaylor2020" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, A.; Taylor, B. N. (March 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811/nist-guide-si-chapter-7-rules-and-style-conventions-expressing-values">"NIST Guide to the SI, Chapter 7: Rules and Style Conventions for Expressing Values of Quantities"</a>. <i>Special Publication 811 | The NIST Guide for the use of the International System of Units</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=NIST+Guide+to+the+SI%2C+Chapter+7%3A+Rules+and+Style+Conventions+for+Expressing+Values+of+Quantities&rft.btitle=Special+Publication+811+%7C+The+NIST+Guide+for+the+use+of+the+International+System+of+Units&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+B.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fspecial-publication-811%2Fnist-guide-si-chapter-7-rules-and-style-conventions-expressing-values&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADegree+symbol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degree_symbol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;">   </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> , </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> : </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ; </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‐ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ′ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ″ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‴ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> . </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> & </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> @ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ^ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> / </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> \ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> … </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> * </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ※ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⁂ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> - </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‒ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> – </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> — </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⹀ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ? </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ! </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‽ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¡ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸮ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> # </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> № </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> º </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ª </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> % </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‰ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‱ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ° </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌀ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> + </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> − </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> × </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ÷ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ~ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ± </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ∓ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> √ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> _ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.25em;">⁀</span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> | </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¦ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‖ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> • </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> · </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> © </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ℗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ® </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">SM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">TM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‘ ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> “ ” </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' ' </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> " " </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‹ › </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> « » </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ( ) </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> [ ] </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> { } </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⟨ ⟩ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ” </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> † </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‡ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ❧ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ☞ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ◊ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌑ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¶ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> § </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" 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