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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-River_course" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#River_course"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>River course</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-River_course-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vegetation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrology" 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href="#Hydropower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hydropower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydropower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multipurpose_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multipurpose_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Multipurpose development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multipurpose_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_water-sharing_treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_water-sharing_treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>International water-sharing treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_water-sharing_treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interstate_water_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interstate_water_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Interstate water dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interstate_water_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interbasin_water_transfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interbasin_water_transfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Interbasin water transfer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interbasin_water_transfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ravi River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ravi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="نهر رافي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر رافي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_%C3%A7ay%C4%B1" title="Ravi çayı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ravi çayı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="راوی چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راوی چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="ইরাবতী নদী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরাবতী নদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Раві – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раві" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="रावी नदी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रावी नदी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Рави (река) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рави (река)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ravi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Рави (юханшыв) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рави (юханшыв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81vi_River" title="Rāvi River – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rāvi River" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1v%C3%AD" title="Ráví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ráví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ravi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_(Fluss)" title="Ravi (Fluss) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ravi (Fluss)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A9_%DE%86%DE%AF%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ރާވީ ކޯރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރާވީ ކޯރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Υδραώτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδραώτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Ravi" title="Río Ravi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Ravi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_(rivero)" title="Ravi (rivero) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ravi (rivero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF)" title="راوی (رود) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راوی (رود)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Ravi (rivière) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ravi (rivière)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EA%B0%95" title="라비강 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라비강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="रावी नदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रावी नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ravi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_(%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Рави (өзен) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рави (өзен)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraotes" title="Hydraotes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hydraotes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81vi_(upe)" title="Rāvi (upe) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rāvi (upe)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravis" title="Ravis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ravis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="रावी नदी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रावी नदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="രാവി നദി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാവി നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="रावी नदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रावी नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%89" title="نهر رافى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر رافى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_(rivier)" title="Ravi (rivier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ravi (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="रवि नदी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रवि नदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_(elv)" title="Ravi (elv) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ravi (elv)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_daryosi" title="Ravi daryosi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ravi daryosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਾਵੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਵੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="دریائے راوی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے راوی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF" title="راوي سيند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="راوي سيند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawi" title="Rawi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rawi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Rau%C3%AD" title="Rio Rauí – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Rauí" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Ravi" title="Râul Ravi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Râul Ravi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Рави (река) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рави (река)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="इरावती – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इरावती" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ravi River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="راوي ندي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="راوي ندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8C" title="ڕووباری ڕاڤی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووباری ڕاڤی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Рави (река) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рави (река)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_(joki)" title="Ravi (joki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ravi (joki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ravi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="ராவி ஆறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ராவி ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF" title="రావి నది – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రావి నది" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5" title="แม่น้ำราวี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำราวี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Раві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Раві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="دریائے راوی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے راوی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_Ravi" title="Sông Ravi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sông Ravi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E6%B2%B3" title="拉維河 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉維河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ravi_River&params=30_35_N_71_49_E_region:PK_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">71°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.583°N 71.817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.583; 71.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">River in India and Pakistan</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Ravi River<br /><div class="nickname" style="display:inline;font-size:78%">Iravati River</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_River,_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ravi_River%2C_Lahore.jpg/250px-Ravi_River%2C_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ravi_River%2C_Lahore.jpg/375px-Ravi_River%2C_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ravi_River%2C_Lahore.jpg/500px-Ravi_River%2C_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Boats on Ravi River at <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, Pakistan</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-overlays="["_20f39f900f868e1f95fa12881f405ec94a364759"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ravi_River&revid=1273250809&groups=_20f39f900f868e1f95fa12881f405ec94a364759" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ravi_River&revid=1273250809&groups=_20f39f900f868e1f95fa12881f405ec94a364759 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Interactive Map</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">India, Pakistan</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab (India)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab (Pakistan)</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data">Hanuman Tibba</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data">From <a href="/wiki/Bir,_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Bir, Himachal Pradesh">Bara Bhangal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangra_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangra District">Kangra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Himachal Pradesh, India">Himachal Pradesh, India</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Near Sarai Sidhu, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">720 km (450 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basin size</th><td class="infobox-data">India and Pakistan</td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">267.5 m<sup>3</sup>/s (9,450 cu ft/s) (near Mukesar<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">11,015.23 m<sup>3</sup>/s (388,999 cu ft/s) (near Baloki)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">River system</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a> System</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tributaries</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • right</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Siul</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ravi_River&params=30_35_N_71_49_E_region:PK_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">71°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.583°N 71.817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.583; 71.817</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>The <b>Ravi River</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Transboundary_river" title="Transboundary river">transboundary river</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, flowing through northwestern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and is one of five major rivers of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Waters Treaty</a> of 1960, the waters of the Ravi and two other rivers of the Punjab (<a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas River</a>) were allocated to India. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Basin_Project" title="Indus Basin Project">Indus Basin Project</a> was developed in Pakistan, which transfers waters from western rivers of the Indus system to replenish the portion of the Ravi River lying in that country. Many inter-basin water transfers, <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> and multipurpose projects have been built in India. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to ancient history traced to <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, the Ravi River was known as <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Irāvatī</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">इरावती</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Hastings_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hastings-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ravi was known as Purushni<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Irawati to Indians in <a href="/wiki/Vedic_times" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic times">Vedic times</a> and as Hydraotes (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">'ϒδραώτης</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hyarotis (Ὑαρῶτις)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the Ancient Greeks. </p><p>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ten_Kings" title="Battle of the Ten Kings">Battle of the Ten Kings</a> was fought on a river, which according to <a href="/wiki/Yaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaska">Yaska</a> (Nirukta 9.26) refers to the Ravi river at <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ravi River, a transboundary river of India and Pakistan, is an integral part of the Indus River Basin and forms the headwaters of the Indus basin. The waters of the Ravi River drain into the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean) through the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a> in Pakistan. The river rises in the Bara Bhangal, <a href="/wiki/Kangra_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangra District">Kangra District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, India. The river drains a total catchment area of 14,442 square kilometres (5,576 sq mi) in India after flowing for a length of 720 kilometres (450 mi). Flowing westward, it is hemmed by the <a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Panjal">Pir Panjal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dhauladhar" title="Dhauladhar">Dhauladhar</a> ranges, forming a triangular zone.<sup id="cite_ref-Jain_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="River_course">River course</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: River course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Source reach</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pir_Panjal_2478293509_8000ae5902_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pir_Panjal_2478293509_8000ae5902_o.jpg/250px-Pir_Panjal_2478293509_8000ae5902_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pir_Panjal_2478293509_8000ae5902_o.jpg/330px-Pir_Panjal_2478293509_8000ae5902_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pir_Panjal_2478293509_8000ae5902_o.jpg/500px-Pir_Panjal_2478293509_8000ae5902_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>Pir Panjal Range</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manimaheshlake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Manimaheshlake.jpg/250px-Manimaheshlake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Manimaheshlake.jpg/330px-Manimaheshlake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Manimaheshlake.jpg/500px-Manimaheshlake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Source of Budhil River, in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> a major tributary of the Ravi River</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ravi River originates in the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> in the Multhan tehsil of <a href="/wiki/Kangra_district" title="Kangra district">Kangra district</a> of Himachal Pradesh, India.<sup id="cite_ref-bajoli_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bajoli-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It follows a north-westerly course and is a perennial river.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the smallest of the five Punjab rivers that rise from glacier fields at an elevation of 14,000 feet (4,300 m), on the southern side of the Mid Himalayas. It flows through Barabhangal, Bara Bansu, and <a href="/wiki/Chamba_district" title="Chamba district">Chamba districts</a>. It flows in rapids in its initial reaches with boulders seen scattered in the bed of the river. The Ravi River in this reach flows in a gorge with a river bed slope of 183 feet per mile (34.7 m/km) and is mostly fed by snowmelt, as this region lies in a <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a>. Two of its major tributaries, the Budhil and Nai or Dhona join 64 kilometres (40 mi) downstream from its source. The Budhil River rises in <a href="/wiki/Lahul" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahul">Lahul</a> range of hills and is sourced from the <a href="/wiki/Manimahesh_Kailash_Peak" title="Manimahesh Kailash Peak">Manimahesh Kailash Peak</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Manimahesh_Lake" title="Manimahesh Lake">Manimahesh Lake</a>, at an elevation of 4,080 metres (13,390 ft), and both are <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> pilgrimage sites. The entire length of Budhil is 72 kilometres (45 mi) where it has a bed slope of 314 feet per mile (59.5 m/km). It flows through the ancient capital of Bharmwar, now known as <a href="/wiki/Bharmour" title="Bharmour">Bharmour</a> in Himachal Pradesh. During 1858–1860, the Raja of Bharmour had considered the Budhil valley as an excellent source of <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_deodara" title="Cedrus deodara">Deodar</a> trees for supply to the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. However, a part of the forest surrounding the temple was considered sacred and declared a reserved area. The second tributary, the Nai, rises at Kali Debi pass, and flows for 48 kilometres (30 mi), with a bed slope of 366 feet per mile (69.3 m/km), from its source at Trilokinath to its confluence with the Ravi. This valley was also exploited for its forest wealth during the English period.<sup id="cite_ref-Cleghorn_109–112_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cleghorn_109–112-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Himachal_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himachal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major tributary that joins the Ravi River, just below Bharmour, the old capital of Chamba, is the Seul River from the northern direction. The valley formed by the river was also exploited for its rich timber trees. However, the valley has large terraces, which are very fertile and known as "the garden of Chamba". Crops grown here supply grains to the capital region and to <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie,_India" title="Dalhousie, India">Dalhousie</a> town and its surrounding areas. One more major tributary that joins the Ravi River near Basohli (J&K) is the Seva. This river was also exploited for its forest resources, (controlled by the then Raja of Chamba) originating from the Jammu region. The valley is also formed by another major tributary that joins the Seul River, the Baira-Nalla. Its sub-basin is in the Chamba district, located above Tissa. Baira drains the southern slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Range" title="Pir Panjal Range">Pir Panjal Range</a>. The valley has an elevation variation between 5,321 and 2,693 metres (17,457 and 8,835 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Jain_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cleghorn_109–112_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cleghorn_109–112-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Himachal_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himachal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tant Gari is another small tributary that rises from the subsidiary hill ranges of the Pir Panjal Range east of Bharmour. The valley formed by this stream is U-shaped with a river bed scattered with boulders and glacial <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">morainic</a> deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-Himachal_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himachal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_river_lahore.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ravi_river_lahore.JPG/250px-Ravi_river_lahore.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ravi_river_lahore.JPG/330px-Ravi_river_lahore.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ravi_river_lahore.JPG/500px-Ravi_river_lahore.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>Boats floating beside the Ravi River in Lahore</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_River_in_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ravi_River_in_1880.jpg/220px-Ravi_River_in_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ravi_River_in_1880.jpg/330px-Ravi_River_in_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ravi_River_in_1880.jpg/440px-Ravi_River_in_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Bridge of boats on the Ravi taken by an unknown photographer in 1880</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Main Ravi River</dt></dl> <p>The main Ravi River flows through the base of Dalhousie hill, past the Chamba town. It is at an elevation of 856 metres (2,807 ft) (where a long wooden bridge existed to cross the Ravi River).<sup id="cite_ref-Cleghorn,_p.113_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cleghorn,_p.113-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It flows into the south-west, near <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie,_India" title="Dalhousie, India">Dalhousie</a>, and then cuts a gorge in the Dhauladhar Range, before entering the Punjab plain near <a href="/wiki/Madhopur,_Punjab" title="Madhopur, Punjab">Madhopur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pathankot" title="Pathankot">Pathankot</a>. It then flows along the Indo–Pak border for 80 kilometres (50 mi) before entering Pakistan and joining the <a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a>. The total length of the river is about 725 kilometres (450 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ujh_River" title="Ujh River">Ujh River</a> is another major tributary of the Ravi River. Its source is in the Kailash mountains at an elevation of 4,300 metres (14,100 ft), close to the Bhaderwah Mountains in the Jammu district. After flowing for 100 kilometres (62 mi), it joins Ravi at <a href="/wiki/Nanikot" title="Nanikot">Nainkot</a> in Pakistan. </p><p>As the Ravi flows past <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> in Pakistan (26 kilometres (16 mi) below <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a> in India) it is called "The river of Lahore" since that city is on its eastern bank. After passing through Lahore the river takes a turn at Kamalia and then debouches into the Chenab River, south of the town of Ahmadpur Sial. On its western bank is the town of <a href="/wiki/Shahdara_Bagh" title="Shahdara Bagh">Shahdara Bagh</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Tomb of Jahangir</a> and the Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jehan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur Jehan">Noor Jahan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jain_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Change of river course</dt></dl> <p>According to satellite imagery studies carried out over a period of 20 years (between 1972–1973 and 1991–1993), the river coursing along the India–Pakistan border meanders substantially in the alluvial plains of the Amritsar, Pathankot, and <a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_district" title="Gurdaspur district">Gurdaspur districts</a> of Punjab. This has resulted in successive damage in India as a result of the river changing its course towards India. The reason attributed to this change in the course of the river is massive river training structures/bunds constructed by Pakistan in its part of the river, close to the old course of the river. The shift in the course of the river is reported to be 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) towards India.<sup id="cite_ref-springer_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>River water pollution</dt></dl> <p>In the transboundary Ravi River flowing from India to Pakistan, in urban areas of Lahore the <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> levels in the river discharge are reportedly very high, which is attributed to careless disposal of large amount of industrial and agricultural wastewater and faulty drainage systems in both countries.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 72-kilometre (45 mi) stretch of the Ravi River from Lahore Siphon to Baloki headworks indicates heavy contamination of the water and sediment with Cd, Cr, Pt, and Cu. Recent reports suggest that the river stands as the most contaminated globally, with pharmaceutical residues such as paracetamol, nicotine, caffeine, and medications for epilepsy and diabetes detected in its waters.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river sediments are highly contaminated and have become a secondary source for pollution of the river water, even though some control over unauthorised discharges into the river have been checked. Hence, measures to check metal re-mobilization from sediments into the river flows need attention. The worst affected drainage is the Hadharaam drain, a tributary of the Ravi River. It is also a trans-border problem involving both India and Pakistan. A UNDP funded special programme was launched in 2006 to address the issue in both countries.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegetation">Vegetation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vegetation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The northern portion surrounding the Ravi is the lifeline of many different flora, notably <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_deodara" title="Cedrus deodara">deodar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juglans" title="Juglans">walnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercus_ilex" title="Quercus ilex">holly oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morus_(plant)" title="Morus (plant)">mulberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinus_gerardiana" title="Pinus gerardiana">edible pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupressus_torulosa" title="Cupressus torulosa">Himalayan cypress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platanus_orientalis" title="Platanus orientalis">chinar</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Daphne_papyracea" title="Daphne papyracea">Daphne papyracea</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Dalbergia_sissoo" title="Dalbergia sissoo">north Indian rosewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a>, and <i>Toxicodendron acuminatum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cleghorn,_p.112-113_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cleghorn,_p.112-113-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The waters of the Ravi River are allocated to India under the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Waters Treaty</a>, signed by India and Pakistan. Within India, the river is under the jurisdiction of the riparian states of Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir, and Himachal, and non-riparian states of Haryana, and Rajasthan, but the management is presided by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> and the Ravi Beas Tribunal, set up in 1986 for the purpose. The annual flow in India up to the final crossing point in Pakistan is 11.52 million acre-feet (14.21 cubic kilometres) (MAF) out of which 6.971 MAF is available upstream of <a href="/wiki/Madhopur_headworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhopur headworks">Madhopur headworks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the water generated below the Madhopur headworks (4.549 MAF) is flowing into Pakistan from India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-partition_utilisation">Pre-partition utilisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pre-partition utilisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Madhopur_headworks"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjabdoabs1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Punjabdoabs1.jpg/330px-Punjabdoabs1.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Punjabdoabs1.jpg/500px-Punjabdoabs1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Punjabdoabs1.jpg/960px-Punjabdoabs1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1583" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>A map of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1947</span> showing the <a href="/wiki/Doaba" title="Doaba">doabas</a> formed by the Ravi River with other rivers of the Indus River system.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the Ravi River, the earliest project built was the <a href="/wiki/Madhopur_Headworks" title="Madhopur Headworks">Madhopur Headworks</a>, in 1902. It is a run-of-the river project (no storage envisaged) to divert flows through the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Bari_Doab_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Bari Doab Canal">Upper Bari Doab Canal</a> (also known as Central Bari Doab Canal) to provide irrigation in the command area of the then unified India.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Government of India has assessed the pre-partition use in India (Punjab) at 1.821 cubic kilometres (1,476,000 acre⋅ft).<sup id="cite_ref-water_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to partition, it irrigated 335,000 hectares of land in <a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_district" title="Gurdaspur district">Gurdaspur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amritsar_district" title="Amritsar district">Amritsar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Division" title="Lahore Division">Lahore</a> districts.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillel2016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillel2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydropower">Hydropower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hydropower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamera_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chamera_Lake.jpg/250px-Chamera_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chamera_Lake.jpg/330px-Chamera_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chamera_Lake.jpg/500px-Chamera_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Chamera Lake and dam</figcaption></figure> <p>The hydropower potential of the Ravi River system has been assessed at 2294 MW,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which only 1638 MW has been harnessed cumulatively, thus leaving 656 MW wasted opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-mw1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hydropower potential developed since the 1980s is through the installation of the Baira Suil Hydroelectric Power Project of 198 MW capacity, the Chamera-I of 540 MW capacity commissioned in 1994, the Ranjitsagar Multipurpose Project of 600 MW capacity completed in 1999 and the Chamera-II of 300 MW capacity in the upstream of Chamera-I commissioned in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-mw1_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multipurpose_development">Multipurpose development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Multipurpose development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major multipurpose project (<a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">flood control</a>, development of <a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">fisheries</a>, tourism and so forth) built on the river is the <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Sagar_Dam_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranjit Sagar Dam Project">Ranjit Sagar Dam</a> (also known as Thein dam as it is in Thein village). The left bank is in Punjab and the right bank is in Jammu and Kashmir. It is located on the main stem of the Ravi River, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) upstream of Madhopur Headworks (built during pre-partition time). The project is an outcome of the development plan conceived for the use of the waters of three eastern rivers allocated to India under the Indus Treaty, namely the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi, for irrigation, hydropower generation and other consumptive uses.<sup id="cite_ref-Punjab_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punjab-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Projects_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Projects-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ranjit_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ranjit-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hydropower_potential_in_India_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydropower_potential_in_India-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A proposal for building a storage dam on the Ravi River was initially planned in 1912, envisaging a 61 metres (200 ft) high dam. A committee later conducted a survey of the area, but it was not until 1954 that geologists fully inspected the project area. In 1957, a storage Dam was proposed on the Ravi River for irrigation purposes only. The power generation aspect was not considered then. It was only in 1964 that the project was conceived for multipurpose development and submitted to <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> for approval. Finally, in April 1982, the project was approved for construction by the Government of India. </p><p>The project, as built now, has a 160-metre (520 ft) high earth gravel shell dam with a gross irrigation potential of 348,000 hectares (860,000 acres) of land and power generation of 600 MW (4 units of 150 MW capacity each).<sup id="cite_ref-Punjab_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punjab-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ranjit_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ranjit-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hydropower_potential_in_India_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydropower_potential_in_India-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology">geomorpohological</a> setting of the river basin, which has a large number of terraces between <a href="/wiki/Dhauladhar" title="Dhauladhar">Dhauladhar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Panjal range">Pir Panjal ranges</a>, is attributed to the truly Himalayan characteristics of the river reflecting the "<a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Himalaya#The_sub-Himalaya_(Churia_Hills_or_Siwaliks)_tectonic_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geology of the Himalaya">cis-Himalayan tectonic</a>; structural, <a href="/wiki/Lithology" title="Lithology">lithological</a> and climatic conditions. Obviously it is different from the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antecedent" class="extiw" title="wikt:antecedent">antecedent</a> Indus and Sutlej".<sup id="cite_ref-Morph_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morph-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_water-sharing_treaty">International water-sharing treaty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: International water-sharing treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Indus_Water_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Water Treaty">Indus Water Treaty</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_River_basin_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Indus_River_basin_map.svg/330px-Indus_River_basin_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Indus_River_basin_map.svg/500px-Indus_River_basin_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Indus_River_basin_map.svg/660px-Indus_River_basin_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>The Indus River system comprising the rivers, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Chenab, Jhelum, and Indus- a shared legacy between India and Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <p>The upper reaches of the main Indus River and its tributaries lie in India whereas the lower reaches are in Pakistan. Following the partition of India in August 1947, a dispute arose between India and Pakistan on sharing of the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus River Basin">Indus River Basin</a>. The dispute was resolved with the intervention of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> was signed in 1960 on sharing of the Indus waters between India and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Stimson_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stimson-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conflicts_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conflicts-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indus system of rivers comprises the three Western rivers in the Indus, the <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a> and Chenab together with three eastern rivers: the <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a>, the Beas, and the Ravi. To establish the ownership of these waters, <a href="/wiki/Indus_Water_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Water Treaty">Indus Water Treaty</a> was signed between India and Pakistan on 1 April 1960, under the monitoring of the World Bank. The treaty, under Article 5.1, envisages the sharing of waters of the rivers Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Jhelum, and Chenab which join the Indus River on its left bank (eastern side) in Pakistan. According to this treaty, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej, which constitute the eastern rivers, are allocated for exclusive use by India before they enter Pakistan. However, a transition period of 10 years was permitted in which India was bound to supply water to Pakistan from these rivers until Pakistan was able to build the canal system for utilisation of waters of Jhelum, Chenab, and the Indus itself, allocated to it under the treaty. Similarly, Pakistan has exclusive use of the western rivers Jhelum, Chenab, and Indus but with some stipulations for the development of projects on these rivers in India. Pakistan also received one-time financial compensation for the loss of water from the eastern rivers. Since 31 March 1970, after the 10-year moratorium, India has secured full rights for use of the waters of the three rivers allocated to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Garg_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garg-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indus_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indus-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty resulted in partitioning of the rivers rather than sharing of their waters.<sup id="cite_ref-conflicts,_p.98_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conflicts,_p.98-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under this treaty, the two countries also agreed to exchange data and co-operate in matters related to the treaty. For this purpose, the treaty envisaged the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Indus_Commission" title="Permanent Indus Commission">Permanent Indus Commission</a>, with a commissioner appointed by each country.<sup id="cite_ref-Indus_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indus-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indus Waters Treaty is the only international treaty that has been implemented over the last 60 years with due diligence and sincerity by both India and Pakistan, in spite of many wars fought between the two countries (the treaty was not revoked either by India or Pakistan during the 1965 or the 1971 war).<sup id="cite_ref-Stimson_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stimson-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interstate_water_dispute">Interstate water dispute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Interstate water dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even prior to the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a> in August 1947, India had developed projects on the river Ravi and Beas River system. When the treaty was under debate, India had taken advance action to develop the three rivers, which were eventually allocated to it under the treaty. According to a directive of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>, planning for the development of the Ravi and Beas rivers was initiated concurrently with the treaty negotiations, which involved four <a href="/wiki/Riparian" class="mw-redirect" title="Riparian">riparian</a> states of Punjab, <a href="/wiki/PEPSU" class="mw-redirect" title="PEPSU">PEPSU</a> (this was merged with Punjab and subsequently Punjab was divided, and additionally the <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> state was created), Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) within the ambit of the already developed <a href="/wiki/Bhakra_Nangal_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhakra Nangal Dam">Bhakra Nangal Dam</a> project on the Sutlej River. A review of the flows in the two river systems revealed that prior to the partition of the country and up to the time of the signing of the Indus Treaty, 3.86 cubic kilometres (3,130,000 acre⋅ft) of water was used by major irrigation systems such as the Upper Bari Doab Canal System (1959) and the Lower Bari Doab Canal System (1915). The unused flow in the two river systems was assessed at 19.22 cubic kilometres (15,580,000 acre⋅ft), which was planned to be developed by the four states of J&K, PEPSU, Punjab and <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>. However, with the merger of PEPSU with Punjab and subsequent bifurcation of Punjab into two states, a dispute arose on the allocation of Ravi and Beas waters for which a <a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">tribunal</a> was set up under the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_River_Water_Disputes_Act" title="Interstate River Water Disputes Act">Interstate River Water Disputes Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-water_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Intertstate_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intertstate-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a counterclaim to the exclusive claims of Punjab, Haryana claims that a small part of Haryana state lying north in <a href="/wiki/Panchkula_district" title="Panchkula district">Panchkula district</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is part of the Sutlej river basin area in addition to Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in India. Thus Haryana claims to be a riparian state of the Indus river basin. </p><p>Following the reorganisation of the state of Punjab in 1966, Haryana State was created. This was followed by a notification by the Government of India dated 24 March 1976 allocating the surplus waters between Punjab and Haryana in due consideration of the powers conferred by Sub Section (I) of Section 78 of the Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966 (31 of 1966). The allocation was challenged in the Supreme Court by Haryana. A tripartite agreement followed on 31 December 1981, based on the revised mean annual flows from the flow series of 1921–60 assessed as 25.36 cubic kilometres (20,560,000 acre⋅ft)—including preparation use of 3.86 cubic kilometres (3,130,000 acre⋅ft) and transit losses in the Madhopur Beas Link of 260,000 acre-feet (0.32 km<sup>3</sup>)—vis-a-vis the figure of 19.55 cubic kilometres (15,850,000 acre⋅ft) assessed in earlier allocation, which was based on the flow series of 1921–45. The revised assessed surplus supplies of 17,170,000 acre-feet (21.18 km<sup>3</sup>) (from flow and storage) was allocated as:<sup id="cite_ref-water_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Share of Punjab 4.22 million acre-ft (MAF); Share of Haryana 3.50 MAF; Share of Rajasthan 8.60 MAF; Quantity earmarked for Delhi Water supply 0.20 MAF; Share of Jammu & Kashmir 0.65MAF with some specific provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-water_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> However, the legality of this agreement was challenged by Punjab. This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab accord">Punjab accord</a> signed by the then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> and Sant <a href="/wiki/Harchand_Singh_Longowal" title="Harchand Singh Longowal">Harchand Singh Longowal</a>, President of the Shiromani Akali Dal, on 24 July 1985. This accord stipulated that <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The farmers of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan will continue to get water not less than what they are using from the Ravi Beas system as on 1.7.1985. Waters used for consumptive purposes will also remain unaffected. Quantum of usage claimed shall be verified by the Tribunal referred to in paragraph 9.2 below. </p><p>9.2 The claim of Punjab and Haryana regarding the shares in their remaining waters shall be referred for adjudication to a Tribunal to be presided over by Supreme Court Judge. The decision of this Tribunal will be rendered within six months and would be binding on both parties. All legal and constitutional steps in this respect to be taken expeditiously; </p><p> 9.3 The construction of Sutlej Yamuna Link (S.Y.L.) canal shall continue. The canal shall be completed by August 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-water_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Following the above accord, Ravi & Beas Waters Tribunal (RBWT) came to be set up in April 1986, in pursuance of paragraphs 9.1 & 9.2 of Punjab Settlement (Rajiv-Longowal Accord, 1985) inter-alia to adjudicate the claims of Punjab and Haryana in Ravi-Beas waters. The Terms of Reference were set and also the time for submission of the report. The Tribunal submitted its report on 30 January 1987. However, the report was contested as Rajasthan also moved an application "seeking explanation and guidance regarding the report of this Ravi Beas waters Tribunal, 1987". The Tribunal is further examining the matter. It is yet to submit its further report to the Government on the pleas submitted by the party States and the Central Government also seeking explanation/guidance on its earlier report. In the meantime, a Presidential reference on Punjab Termination of Agreements Act, 2004 is pending before the Honorable <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a>. Hence, the further hearings of the Tribunal and its final report are now enjoined on the outcome of the Supreme Court hearing of the Presidential reference.<sup id="cite_ref-water_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presently incomplete <a href="/wiki/Sutlej_Yamuna_link_canal" title="Sutlej Yamuna link canal">SYL link canal</a>, to connect the <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> rivers to transfer Haryana's share of water,<sup id="cite_ref-india.gov.in_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now stuck in a dispute in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> due to objections by Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-india.gov.in_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abhify19_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abhify19-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Punjab is contemplating to construct 206 MW <a href="/wiki/Shahpurkandi_dam_project" title="Shahpurkandi dam project">Shahpurkandi dam project</a> hydro electric project on the Ravi River between <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Sagar_Dam_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranjit Sagar Dam Project">Ranjitsagar dam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhopur,_Punjab" title="Madhopur, Punjab">Madhopur</a> head works.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stretch of the river is forming boundary between J & K state and Punjab state. Since Punjab had unilaterally exited from the earlier water sharing agreements, J & K state refused the project construction. Also J & K state is going ahead with the construction of Ravi canal originating from Basantpur to irrigate 54,000 hectares (133,000 acres) of land in Jammu region.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This canal would draw river water by pumping the water released downstream from the Rangitsagar reservoir for which J & K state is not required to take consent from Punjab as it is not bound by earlier river water sharing agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interbasin_water_transfer">Interbasin water transfer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Interbasin water transfer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transfer of surplus water from one basin to another, termed as <a href="/wiki/Interbasin_water_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Interbasin water transfer">interbasin water transfer</a> has been effectively implemented on the Ravi River. The surplus waters of the Ravi River have been transferred directly first to the <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas River</a> through the Ravi-Beas Link. A further link from the Beas River to the Sutlej River by the Beas Sutlej Link augments storage of the <a href="/wiki/Bhakra_Dam" title="Bhakra Dam">Bhakra reservoir</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-Garg,_p.98_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garg,_p.98-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ravi_River" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ravi River">Ravi River</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rivers_Inter-link" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rivers Inter-link">Indian Rivers Inter-link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_waterways_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland waterways of India">Inland waterways of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_in_India" title="Irrigation in India">Irrigation in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir">Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Sindhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapta Sindhu">Sapta Sindhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Waters Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Sagar_Dam_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranjit Sagar Dam Project">Ranjit Sagar Dam Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayeyarwady_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayeyarwady River">Ayeyarwady River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-polluted_rivers" title="List of most-polluted rivers">List of most-polluted rivers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Punjabi pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">[ɾaːʋi]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Doaba" title="Doaba">Doabas</a> formed by the Ravi River are known as the <a href="/wiki/Rechna_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechna Doab">Rechna Doab</a> – between the Chenab and the Ravi River, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Bari_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bari Doab">Bari Doab</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Majha" title="Majha">Majha</a> – between the Ravi and the <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas River</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213400/http://daac.ornl.gov/rivdis/STATIONS/TEXT/INDIA/93/SUMMARY.HTML">"Gauging Station – Data Summary"</a>. ORNL. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daac.ornl.gov/rivdis/STATIONS/TEXT/INDIA/93/SUMMARY.HTML">the original</a> on 4 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gauging+Station+%E2%80%93+Data+Summary&rft.pub=ORNL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaac.ornl.gov%2Frivdis%2FSTATIONS%2FTEXT%2FINDIA%2F93%2FSUMMARY.HTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/492285/Ravi-River">"Ravi River"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ravi+River&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F492285%2FRavi-River&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hastings-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hastings_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHastings2003" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, James (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ltJI5KhFTRUC&pg=PA605"><i>Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 18</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. p. 605. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-3695-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-3695-7"><bdi>0-7661-3695-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sahitya Akademi. 1997. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126003655" title="Special:BookSources/9788126003655"><bdi>9788126003655</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wet+lands+of+Haryana+state+%28page+27%29&rft.pub=GoI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoef.nic.in%2Fdownloads%2Fpublic-information%2FNWIA_Haryana_Atlas.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/sectors/water_resources/river_water.php">"River Water Disputes"</a>. Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Water+Resources%3A+Rajya+Sabha&rft.pub=Press+Information+Bureau&rft.date=2003-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Farchieve%2Flreleng%2Flyr2003%2Frmar2003%2F04032003%2Fr040320035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abhify19-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abhify19_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/live-updates-haryana-budget-2018/articleshow/63228377.cms">haryana budgest 2018-19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a>, 9 March 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117202618/http://pspcl.in/docs/shahpur_kandi_hep.htm">"Shahpur kandi HEP – PSPCL"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pspcl.in/docs/shahpur_kandi_hep.htm">the original</a> on 17 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shahpur+kandi+HEP+%E2%80%93+PSPCL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pspcl.in%2Fdocs%2Fshahpur_kandi_hep.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531004434/http://freepresskashmir.com/punjab-loses-teeth-jk-gets-a-canal/">"Punjab Loses Teeth, J&K Gets a Canal – Free Press Kashmir"</a>. 23 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freepresskashmir.com/punjab-loses-teeth-jk-gets-a-canal/">the original</a> on 31 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Punjab+Loses+Teeth%2C+J%26K+Gets+a+Canal+%E2%80%93+Free+Press+Kashmir&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreepresskashmir.com%2Fpunjab-loses-teeth-jk-gets-a-canal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/images/1/1f/18.pdf">"Agreement between Punjab and J&K on Ranjit Sagar Dam, etc"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agreement+between+Punjab+and+J%26K+on+Ranjit+Sagar+Dam%2C+etc&rft.date=1979&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia-wris.nrsc.gov.in%2Fwrpinfo%2Fimages%2F1%2F1f%2F18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garg,_p.98-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garg,_p.98_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garg, p.98</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=147629">Indian climate change from Harappa period.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=83400&tid=3622&cid=138489&c=2">Indus river's transition.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170723162120/http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=83400&tid=3622&cid=138489&c=2">Archived</a> 23 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCleghorn2001" class="citation book cs1">Cleghorn, H. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jFuj3u4Clm0C&q=Ravi%20River&pg=PA109"><i>Report upon the forests of the Punjab and the Western Himalaya</i></a>. Indus Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">109–</span>112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7387-120-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-7387-120-5"><bdi>81-7387-120-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+upon+the+forests+of+the+Punjab+and+the+Western+Himalaya&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E112&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=81-7387-120-5&rft.aulast=Cleghorn&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjFuj3u4Clm0C%26q%3DRavi%2520River%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarg1999" class="citation book cs1">Garg, Santosh Kumar (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nrcqGF3agsEC&q=Ravi%20River&pg=PA98"><i>International and interstate river water disputes</i></a>. Laxmi Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">54–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7008-068-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-7008-068-1"><bdi>81-7008-068-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+and+interstate+river+water+disputes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.pub=Laxmi+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=81-7008-068-1&rft.aulast=Garg&rft.aufirst=Santosh+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnrcqGF3agsEC%26q%3DRavi%2520River%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJainPushpendra_K._AgarwalVijay_P._Singh2007" class="citation book cs1">Jain, Sharad.K.; Pushpendra K. Agarwal; Vijay P. Singh (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&q=Ravi%20River&pg=PA483"><i>Hydrology and Water Resources of India</i></a>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">481–</span>484. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5179-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5179-1"><bdi>978-1-4020-5179-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hydrology+and+Water+Resources+of+India&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E481-%3C%2Fspan%3E484&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Sharad.K.&rft.au=Pushpendra+K.+Agarwal&rft.au=Vijay+P.+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKs1gBhJSWIC%26q%3DRavi%2520River%26pg%3DPA483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WWFDAAAAYAAJ&q=Ravi+River"><i>The Indian geographical journal, Volume 60</i></a>. Indian Geographical Society. 1985. p. 188<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+geographical+journal%2C+Volume+60&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Indian+Geographical+Society&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWWFDAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DRavi%2BRiver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARavi+River" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Waters_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Waters of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_Pakistan120" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghsar_Lake" title="Baghsar Lake">Baghsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjosa_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjosa Lake">Banjosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitta_Katha_Lake" title="Chitta Katha Lake">Chitta Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shounter_Lake" title="Shounter Lake">Shounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subri_Lake" title="Subri Lake">Subri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saral_Lake" title="Saral Lake">Saral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratti_Gali_Lake" title="Ratti Gali Lake">Ratti Gali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Lake_(Pakistan)" title="Ganga Lake (Pakistan)">Ganga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Lake" title="Hanna Lake">Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hub_Dam" title="Hub Dam">Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit Baltistan">Gilgit Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attabad_Lake" title="Attabad Lake">Attabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borith_Lake" title="Borith Lake">Borith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karambar_Lake" title="Karambar Lake">Karambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Kachura_Lake" title="Lower Kachura Lake">Lower Kachura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Lake_(Pakistan)" title="Rama Lake (Pakistan)">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Lake_(Pakistan)" title="Rush Lake (Pakistan)">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpara_Lake" title="Satpara Lake">Satpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheosar_Lake" title="Sheosar Lake">Sheosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Kachura_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Kachura Lake">Upper Kachura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rawal_Lake" title="Rawal Lake">Rawal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansoo_Lake" title="Ansoo Lake">Ansoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudipatsar_Lake" title="Dudipatsar Lake">Dudipatsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundol_Lake" title="Kundol Lake">Kundol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulusar_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulusar Lake">Lulusar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahodand_Lake" title="Mahodand Lake">Mahodand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payee_Lake" title="Payee Lake">Payee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyala_Lake" title="Pyala Lake">Pyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiful_Muluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiful Muluk">Saiful Muluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Lake" title="Siri Lake">Siri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khabikki_Lake" title="Khabikki Lake">Khabikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namal_Lake" title="Namal Lake">Namal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchhali_Lake" title="Uchhali Lake">Uchhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaik_Lake" title="Swaik Lake">Swaik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinna_Creek" title="Chinna Creek">Chinna Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_Basin" title="Boat Basin">Boat Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadero_Lake" title="Hadero Lake">Hadero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleji_Lake" title="Haleji Lake">Haleji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keenjhar_Lake" title="Keenjhar Lake">Keenjhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchar_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchar Lake">Manchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalankar_Lake" title="Kalankar Lake">Kalankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drigh_Lake" title="Drigh Lake">Drigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamal_Lake" title="Hamal Lake">Hamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakoor_Lake" title="Shakoor Lake">Shakoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astore_River" title="Astore River">Astore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_River" title="Bara River">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basol_River" title="Basol River">Basol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braldu_River" title="Braldu River">Braldu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunhar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunhar River">Bunhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasht_River" title="Dasht River">Dasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dor_River" title="Dor River">Dor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dori_River" title="Dori River">Dori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambila_River" title="Gambila River">Gambila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_River" title="Gilgit River">Gilgit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomal_River" title="Gomal River">Gomal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haro_River" title="Haro River">Haro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingol_River" title="Hingol River">Hingol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispar_River" title="Hispar River">Hispar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza_River" title="Hunza River">Hunza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Jindi" title="River Jindi">Jindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kech_River" title="Kech River">Kech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korang_River" title="Korang River">Korang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar River">Kunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyari_River" title="Lyari River">Lyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malir_River" title="Malir River">Malir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_River_(Pakistan)" title="Mula River (Pakistan)">Mula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelum_River" title="Neelum River">Neelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjkora_River" title="Panjkora River">Panjkora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjnad_River" title="Panjnad River">Panjnad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_River" title="Poonch River">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshan_River" title="Rakshan River">Rakshan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupal_River" title="Rupal River">Rupal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaksgam_River" title="Shaksgam River">Shaksgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigar_River" title="Shigar River">Shigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingo_River" title="Shingo River">Shingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soan_River" title="Soan River">Soan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru_River_(Indus)" title="Suru River (Indus)">Suru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutlej River">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_(Potohar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan River (Potohar)">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swat_River" title="Swat River">Swat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhob_River" title="Zhob River">Zhob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coastal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Rivers_of_Punjab20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_the_Punjab" title="Template:Rivers of the Punjab"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_the_Punjab" title="Template talk:Rivers of the Punjab"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_the_Punjab" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of the Punjab"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Rivers_of_Punjab20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The Rivers of Punjab</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:50px"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_map_(topographic)_with_cities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/50px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/75px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/100px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punjab_geography20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Punjab" title="Template:Geography of Punjab"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Punjab" title="Template talk:Geography of Punjab"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Punjab" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Punjab"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punjab_geography20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> geography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagar tract">Bagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Region" title="Bar Region">Bars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sandal_Bar" title="Sandal Bar">Sandal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirana_Bar" title="Kirana Bar">Kirana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neeli_Bar" title="Neeli Bar">Neeli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ganji_Bar" title="Ganji Bar">Ganji</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gondal_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondal Bar">Gondal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jungle_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle Bar">Jungle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatiore" title="Bhatiore">Bhatiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiana" title="Bhattiana">Bhattiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhachh" title="Chhachh">Chhachh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholistan_Desert" title="Cholistan Desert">Cholistan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derajat" title="Derajat">Derajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doaba,_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Doaba, Punjab">Doaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab#The_Punjab_Doabs" title="Doab">Doabs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indus_Sagar_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Sagar Doab">Indus Sagar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chaj_Doab" title="Chaj Doab">Chaj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rachna_Doab" title="Rachna Doab">Rachna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bari_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bari Doab">Bari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bist_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bist Doab">Bist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duggar_(region)" title="Duggar (region)">Duggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaggar_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaggar river">Ghaggar river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_(Punjab)" title="Kachhi (Punjab)">Kachhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Chitta_Range" title="Kala Chitta Range">Kala Chitta Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirana_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirana Hills">Kirana Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majha" title="Majha">Majha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_(Punjab)" title="Malwa (Punjab)">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puadh" title="Puadh">Puadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothwar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ravi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakesar" title="Sakesar">Sakesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soan_River" title="Soan River">Soan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soon_Valley" title="Soon Valley">Soon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Mountains" title="Sulaiman Mountains">Sulaiman Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutlej River">Sutlej River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thal_Desert" title="Thal Desert">Thal Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JhangRabwah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/JhangRabwah.jpg/60px-JhangRabwah.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/JhangRabwah.jpg/90px-JhangRabwah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/JhangRabwah.jpg/120px-JhangRabwah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="318" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrography_of_Punjab,_India84" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrography_of_Punjab,_India" title="Template:Hydrography of Punjab, India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrography_of_Punjab,_India" title="Template talk:Hydrography of Punjab, India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography_of_Punjab,_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography of Punjab, India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_Punjab,_India84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budki_Nadi" title="Budki Nadi">Budki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harike_Wetland" title="Harike Wetland">Harike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjli_Wetland" title="Kanjli Wetland">Kanjli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropar_Wetland" title="Ropar Wetland">Ropar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Dams, barrages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhopur_Headworks" title="Madhopur Headworks">Madhopur Headworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Sagar_Dam" title="Ranjit Sagar Dam">Ranjit Sagar Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Nullah" title="Buddha Nullah">Buddha Nullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirhind_Canal" title="Sirhind Canal">Sirhind Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej_Yamuna_link_canal" title="Sutlej Yamuna link canal">Sutlej Yamuna link canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Canal" title="Indira Gandhi Canal">Indira Gandhi Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrography_of_Himachal_Pradesh118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrography_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Template:Hydrography of Himachal Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrography_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Hydrography of Himachal Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography of Himachal Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_Himachal_Pradesh118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Rivers_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Rivers in Himachal Pradesh">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banganga_River_(Himachal_Pradesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banganga River (Himachal Pradesh)">Banganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baspa_River" title="Baspa River">Baspa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karcham_Wangtoo_Hydroelectric_Plant" title="Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant">Karcham Wangtoo Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati_River_(Himachal_Pradesh)" title="Parvati River (Himachal Pradesh)">Parvati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalvi_River" title="Shalvi River">Shalvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tons_River" title="Tons River">Tons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhl_River" title="Uhl River">Uhl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lakes_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Template:Lakes of Himachal Pradesh">Lakes of Hmachal Pradesh</a> classified altitude-wise</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Dams, barrages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asan_Barrage" title="Asan Barrage">Asan Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakra_Dam" title="Bhakra Dam">Bhakra Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamera_Dam" title="Chamera Dam">Chamera Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamera_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamera II">Chamera II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koldam_Dam" title="Koldam Dam">Koldam Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathpa_Jhakri_Dam" title="Nathpa Jhakri Dam">Nathpa Jhakri Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoh_Dam" title="Pandoh Dam">Pandoh Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pong_Dam" title="Pong Dam">Pong Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir132" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template:Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda_River" title="Doda River">Doda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dras_River" title="Dras River">Dras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_River" title="Poonch River">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidder_River" title="Lidder River">Lidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markha_River_(India)" title="Markha River (India)">Markha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_Palkhu" title="Nala Palkhu">Nala Palkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishanganga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishanganga River">Kishanganga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambi_Ara" title="Rambi Ara">Rambi Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingo_River" title="Shingo River">Shingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind_River" title="Sind River">Sind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru_River_(Indus)" title="Suru River (Indus)">Suru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarap_River" title="Tsarap River">Tsarap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veshaw_River" title="Veshaw River">Veshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapola_River" title="Yapola River">Yapola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Lake" title="Dal Lake">Dal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeen_Lake" title="Nigeen Lake">Nigeen Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchar_Lake" title="Anchar Lake">Anchar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsar_Lake" title="Gadsar Lake">Gadsar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangabal_Lake" title="Gangabal Lake">Gangabal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishansar_Lake" title="Krishansar Lake">Krishansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasbal_Lake" title="Manasbal Lake">Manasbal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansar_Lake" title="Mansar Lake">Mansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshnag_Lake" title="Sheshnag Lake">Sheshnag Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulian_lake" title="Tulian lake">Tulian Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishansar_Lake" title="Vishansar Lake">Vishansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wular_Lake" title="Wular Lake">Wular Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausar_Nag" title="Kausar Nag">Kausar Nag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Satsar">Satsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nundkol" class="mw-redirect" title="Nundkol">Nundkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brari_Nambal" title="Brari Nambal">Brari Nambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Sar" title="Khushal Sar">Khushal Sar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Sar" title="Gil Sar">Gil Sar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanpursar" title="Khanpursar">Khanpursar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Glaciers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolahoi_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolahoi Glacier">Kolahoi Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machoi_Glacier" title="Machoi Glacier">Machoi Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafat_Glacier" title="Shafat Glacier">Shafat Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Dams, barrages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baglihar_Dam" title="Baglihar Dam">Baglihar Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakal_Dul_Dam" title="Pakal Dul Dam">Pakal Dul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dul_Hasti_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dul Hasti Dam">Dul Hasti Dam</a></li> <li>Dumkhar Dam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishanganga_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishanganga Dam">Kishanganga Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimoo_Bazgo_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimoo Bazgo Dam">Nimoo Bazgo Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratle_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratle Dam">Ratle Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salal_Dam" title="Salal Dam">Salal Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Dam" title="Uri Dam">Uri Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrography_of_the_Indian_subcontinent98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Waters_of_South_Asia" title="Template:Waters of South Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Waters_of_South_Asia" title="Template talk:Waters of South Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Waters_of_South_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Waters of South Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_the_Indian_subcontinent98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hydrography of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inland rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagmati_River" title="Bagmati River">Bagmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betwa_River" title="Betwa River">Betwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagirathi_River" title="Bhagirathi River">Bhagirathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Brahmaputra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambal_River" title="Chambal River">Chambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_River" title="Damodar River">Damodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Gandaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaghara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaghara River">Ghaghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_River_(Karnataka)" title="Kali River (Karnataka)">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveri River">Kaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi_River" title="Kosi River">Kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luni_River" title="Luni River">Luni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahananda_River" title="Mahananda River">Mahananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaweli_River" title="Mahaweli River">Mahaweli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghna_River" title="Meghna River">Meghna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_River" title="Padma River">Padma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankosh_River" title="Sankosh River">Sankosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharda_River" title="Sharda River">Sharda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Son River">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapti_River" title="Tapti River">Tapti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inland lakes, deltas, etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">Indus Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Lake" title="Dal Lake">Dal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pookode_Lake" title="Pookode Lake">Pookode Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roopkund" title="Roopkund">Skeleton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powai_Lake" title="Powai Lake">Lake Powai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borith_Lake" title="Borith Lake">Borith Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiful_Muluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiful Muluk">Saiful Muluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosaikunda" title="Gosaikunda">Gosaikunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_Sagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam Sagar">Nizam Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hills_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hills Lake">Red Hills Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malampuzha" title="Malampuzha">Malampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_backwaters" title="Kerala backwaters">Kerala backwaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulicat_Lake" title="Pulicat Lake">Pulicat Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coastal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mannar" title="Gulf of Mannar">Gulf of Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palk_Bay" title="Palk Bay">Palk Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palk_Strait" title="Palk Strait">Palk Strait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Lakes of Bangladesh">Lakes of Bangladesh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_India" title="Category:Lakes of India">India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Nepal" title="Category:Lakes of Nepal">Nepal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Lakes of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Lakes of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reservoirs_in_India" title="Category:Reservoirs in India">Reservoirs and dams in India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Reservoirs_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Reservoirs in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Rivers of Bangladesh">Rivers of Bangladesh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Bhutan" title="Category:Rivers of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_India" title="Category:Rivers of India">India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Nepal" title="Category:Rivers of Nepal">Nepal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Rivers of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Rivers of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1310211/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJw4CkRv684fMc7YhvWVYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh87002222">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131746522">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131746522">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007529692305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59838">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035211105">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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