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If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. 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Territories/<br/>dates<br/><ref>Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Ancient Near East|last=Hallo|first=W.|authorlink=William W. Hallo |last2=Simpson|first2=W.|authorlink2=William Kelly Simpson|publisher=New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich|year=1971|pages=48-49}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rulers of Mesopotamia| publisher= University of Oxford, CNRS|url=http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/rulers_of_mesopotamia |department=cdli.ox.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Ariane |last2=Potts |first2=Timothy |authorlink2=Timothy Potts |title=Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins |date=2020 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-1-60606-649-2 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsHEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR14 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Roux |first=Georges |authorlink=Georges Roux |title=Ancient Iraq |date=1992 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-193825-7 |pages=532–534 (Chronological Tables)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klZX8B_RzzYC&pg=PT534 |language=en}}</ref>!!colspan=2|[[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] !! [[Canaan]] !! [[Ebla]]!! [[Mari, Syria|Mari]]!![[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]]/<br>[[Assur]]!![[Akshak]]/<br/>[[Akkad (city)|Akkad]] !! [[Uruk]]!! [[Adab (city)|Adab]] !! [[Umma]]<br/>!! [[Lagash]]!! [[Ur]] !![[Elam]] |- style="vertical-align:top;" |rowspan=2|4000–3200 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=2|'''[[Naqada I]]'''<br/>'''[[Gerzeh culture|Naqada II]]'''<br/>[[File:Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_(front_top_part_detail).jpg|50px|Gebel el-Arak Knife]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=1 rowspan=4|[[Egypt-Mesopotamia relations]] |colspan=9 style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"|[[History of Mesopotamia|Pre-Dynastic period]] (4000–2900 BCE) |colspan=1 rowspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|[[Susa|Susa I]] |- |colspan=9 rowspan=3 style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|<br/>'''[[Uruk period]]'''<br/>(4000–3100 BCE)<br/><br/>[[File:White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg|100px]]<br/>([[Ziggurat|Anu Ziggurat]], 4000 BCE)<br/>[[File:Rolzegel.JPG|100px]]<br/>(Anonymous "King-priests") |colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|[[Susa|Susa II]]<br/>[[File:Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg|35px|Susa II Priest-King with bow and arrows]]<br/>(Uruk influence or control) |- |rowspan=2|3200–3100 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2|'''[[Naqada III|Proto-Dynastic period]]'''<br/>([[Naqada III]])<br/>Early or legendary kings: |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=1|'''[[Upper Egypt]]'''<br/>''[[Finger Snail]]'' ''[[Fish (pharaoh)|Fish]]'' ''[[Elephant (pharaoh)|Pen-Abu]]'' ''Animal'' ''[[Stork (Pharaoh)|Stork]]'' ''[[Canide (Pharaoh)|Canide]]'' ''[[Bull (Pharaoh)|Bull]]'' ''[[Scorpion I]]'' ''[[Crocodile (pharaoh)|Shendjw]]'' [[Iry-Hor]] [[Ka (pharaoh)|Ka]] ''[[Scorpion II]]'' [[Narmer]] / [[Menes]] |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=1|'''[[Lower Egypt]]'''<br/>''[[Hedju Hor]]'' ''[[Ny-Hor]]'' ''[[Hsekiu]]'' ''[[Khayu]]'' ''[[Tiu (pharaoh)|Tiu]]'' ''[[Thesh]]'' ''[[Neheb]]'' ''[[Wazner]]'' ''[[Nat-Hor]]'' ''[[Mekh]]'' [[Double Falcon]] ''[[Wash (pharaoh)|Wash]]''<br/> |- |rowspan=1|3100–2900 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" rowspan=1 colspan=2|'''[[Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)|Early Dynastic Period]]'''<br/>'''[[First Dynasty of Egypt]]'''[[File:Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg|40px|right|Narmer Palette]]<br/>[[Narmer]] [[Menes]] [[Neithhotep]]{{sup|♀}} (regent) [[Hor-Aha]] [[Djer]] [[Djet]] [[Merneith]]{{sup|♀}} (regent) [[Den (pharaoh)|Den]] [[Anedjib]] [[Semerkhet]] [[Qa'a]] ''[[Sneferka]]'' ''[[Horus Bird (Pharaoh)|Horus Bird]]'' |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=1 rowspan=13|[[Canaan|Canaanites]] |colspan=9 rowspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|'''[[Jemdet Nasr period]]'''<br/>(3100–2900 BCE) |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=7|'''[[Proto-Elamite]]'''<br/>'''[[Proto-Elamite|period]]'''<br/>([[Susa|Susa III]])<br/>(3100–2700 BCE) |- |rowspan=2|2900 BCE |rowspan=8 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"|'''[[Second Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/><br/>[[Hotepsekhemwy]] [[Nebra (Pharaoh)|Nebra/Raneb]] [[Nynetjer]] ''[[Ba (pharaoh)|Ba]]'' ''[[Nubnefer]]'' ''[[Horus Sa]]'' ''[[Weneg (pharaoh)|Weneg-Nebty]]'' ''[[Wadjenes]]'' ''[[Senedj]]'' [[Seth-Peribsen]] [[Sekhemib-Perenmaat]] ''[[Neferkara I]]'' ''[[Neferkasokar]]'' ''[[Hudjefa I]]'' [[Khasekhemwy]]<br/>[[File:Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG|30px|Khasekhemwy]] |colspan=9 rowspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"|[[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)|Early Dynastic Period I]] (2900–2700 BCE) |- |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=3|'''[[Ebla|First Eblaite]]<br/>Kingdom'''<br/> |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=3|'''[[Mari, Syria|First kingdom of Mari]]'''<br/> |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=7 rowspan=1|'''[[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] I dynasty'''<br/>''[[Jushur]], [[Kullassina-bel]]<br/>[[Nangishlishma]],<br/>[[En-tarah-ana]]<br/>[[Babum]], [[Puannum]], [[Kalibum]]'' |- |rowspan=2|2800 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=2 rowspan=2|''[[Kalumum]] [[Zuqaqip]] [[Atab]]<br/>[[Mashda]] [[Arwium]] [[Etana]]<br/>[[Balih]] [[En-me-nuna]]<br/>[[Melem-Kish]] [[Barsal-nuna]]'' |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5 rowspan=1|'''[[Uruk|Uruk]] I dynasty'''<br/>''[[Mesh-ki-ang-gasher]]'' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5 rowspan=1|''[[Enmerkar]] ("conqueror of [[Aratta]]")'' |- |rowspan=4|2700 BCE |colspan=9 rowspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"|[[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)|Early Dynastic Period II]] (2700–2600 BCE) |- |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=3| |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=3| |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|''[[Zamug]], [[Tizqar]], [[Ilku]]<br/>[[Iltasadum]]'' |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5 rowspan=1|''[[Lugalbanda]]<br/>[[Dumuzid, the Fisherman]]'' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=8 rowspan=1|[[Enmebaragesi]] ("made the land of Elam submit")<ref name="SKL">Per [[Sumerian King List]]</ref> |- |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|[[Aga of Kish]] [[File:Blank space.png|5px]][[File:Ak gal-ukkin (detail).jpg|22px|[[Aga of Kish]]]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5 rowspan=1|[[Gilgamesh]][[File:Blank space.png|10px]][[File:Gilgamesh on a seal of Mesannapeda, 2600 BCE.jpg|30px]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=5|'''[[Elam|Old Elamite period]]'''<br/>(2700–1500 BCE)<br/><br/>[[Indus-Mesopotamia relations]] |- |rowspan=3|2600 BCE |rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"|'''[[Third Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/><br/>[[Djoser]]<br/>[[File:Saqqara, Pyramid of Djoser 2, Ancient Egypt.jpg|50px|Saqqarah Djeser pyramid]]<br/>(First [[Egyptian pyramids]])<br/>[[Sekhemkhet]] [[Sanakht]] ''[[Nebka]]'' [[Khaba]] ''[[Qahedjet]]'' [[Huni]] |colspan=9 rowspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"|[[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)|Early Dynastic Period III]] (2600–2340 BCE) |- |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=4|[[Sagisu]]<br/>[[Abur-lim]]<br/>[[Agur-lim]]<br/>[[Ibbi-Damu]]<br/>[[Baba-Damu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=2| |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan=2 colspan=2|'''[[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] II dynasty'''<br/>(5 kings)<br/>[[Uhub]]<br/>[[Mesilim]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=3 rowspan=1|''[[Ur-Nungal]]<br/>[[Udul-kalama|Udulkalama]]<br/>[[La-ba'shum|Labashum]]'' |style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan=2|'''[[Lagash]]'''<br/>[[En-hegal]]<br/>[[Lugalshaengur|Lugal-<br/>shaengur]] |style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" rowspan=2|'''[[Ur I|Ur]]'''<br/>[[A-Imdugud]]<br/>[[Ur-Pabilsag]][[File:Blank space.png|5px]][[File:Ur-Palbisag.jpg|30px]]<br/>[[Meskalamdug]]<br/>(Queen [[Puabi]])<br/>[[Akalamdug]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|''[[En-nun-tarah-ana|Enun-dara-anna]]<br/>[[Mes-he]]<br/>[[Melamanna]]<br/>[[Lugal-kitun]]'' |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan=1|'''[[Adab (city)|Adab]]'''<br/>[[Nin-kisalsi]]<br/>[[Me-durba]]<br/>[[Lugal-dalu]] | colspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan=1| |- |2575 BCE |rowspan=2 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"|'''[[Old Kingdom of Egypt]]'''<br/>'''[[Fourth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Sneferu|Snefru]] [[Khufu]]<br/>[[File:Kheops-Pyramid.jpg|50px]]<br/>[[Djedefre]] [[Khafre]] ''[[Bikheris]]'' [[Menkaure]] [[Shepseskaf]] ''[[Thamphthis]]'' |style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" colspan=8|'''[[First Dynasty of Ur|Ur I dynasty]]'''<br/>[[Mesannepada]]<br/>"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk |- |2500 BCE |rowspan=22 style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|[[Phoenicia]] (2500-539 BCE) |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=5|'''[[The second kingdom of Mari|Second kingdom of Mari]]'''<br/><br/>[[Ikun-Shamash]]<br/>[[Iku-Shamagan]]<br/>[[File:Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_(retouched).jpg|30px|Iku-Shamagan]]<br/><br/><br/>[[Ansud]]<br/>[[Sa'umu]]<br/>[[Ishtup-Ishar]]<br/>[[Ikun-Mari]]<br/>[[Iblul-Il]]<br/>[[Nizi]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan=3|'''Kish III dynasty'''<br/>[[Ku-Baba]]{{sup|♀}} |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan=3|'''[[Akshak|Akshak dynasty]]'''<br/>[[Unzi]]<br/>[[Undalulu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan=3|'''[[Uruk]] II dynasty'''<br/>[[Enshakushanna|Ensha-<br/>kushanna]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan=3|[[Mug-si]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan=1|'''[[Umma]] I dynasty'''<br/><br/>[[Pabilgagaltuku]] |style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan=3|'''[[Lagash]] I dynasty'''<br/><br/>[[Ur-Nanshe]]<br/>[[File:Ur-Nanshe.jpg|30px]]<br/><br/>[[Akurgal]] |style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" rowspan=2|[[A'annepada]]<br/>[[Meskiagnun]]<br/>[[Elulu]]<br/>[[Balulu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=2|'''[[Awan dynasty]]'''<br/>[[Peli (king of Awan)|Peli]]<br/>[[Tata (king of Awan)|Tata]]<br/>[[Ukku-Tanhish|Ukkutahesh]]<br/>[[Hishutash|Hishur]] |- |rowspan=2|2450 BCE |rowspan=4 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"|'''[[Fifth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/><br/>[[Userkaf]] [[Sahure]] [[Neferirkare Kakai]] [[Neferefre]] [[Shepseskare]] [[Nyuserre Ini]] [[Menkauhor Kaiu]] [[Djedkare Isesi]] [[Unas]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=2|[[Enar-Damu]]<br/>[[Ishar-Malik]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan=2|[[Ush, king of Umma|Ush]]<br/>[[Enakalle]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" |[[Elam|Elamite]] invasions<br/>(3 kings)<ref name="SKL"/> |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=1|[[Shushun-Tarana|Shushun-<br/>tarana]]<br/>[[Napi-Ilhush|Napilhush]] |- |2425 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;"|[[Kun-Damu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" colspan=8|[[Eannatum]][[File:Blank space.png|5px]][[File:P1130735_Louvre_stèle_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG|30px]]<br/>(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam) |- |2400 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;"|[[Adub-Damu]]<br/>[[Igrish-Halam]]<br/>[[Irkab-Damu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;"|'''[[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] IV dynasty'''<br/>[[Puzur-Suen]]<br/>[[Ur-Zababa]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|[[Urur]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|[[Lugal-kinishe-dudu]]<br/>[[Lugal-kisalsi]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;"|[[E-iginimpa'e]]<br/>[[Meskigal]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|[[Ur-Lumma]]<br/>[[Il, king of Umma|Il]]<br/>[[Gishakidu]]<br/>(Queen [[Bara-irnun]]) |style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;"|[[Enannatum I|Enannatum]]<br/>[[Entemena]]<br/>[[Enannatum II]]<br/>[[Enentarzi]] |style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;"|'''[[Ur]] II dynasty'''<br/>Nanni<br/>[[Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;"|[[Kikku-Siwe-Temti|Kiku-siwe-tempti]] |- |2380 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=6|'''[[Sixth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Teti]] [[Userkare]] [[Pepi I Meryre|Pepi I]] [[Merenre Nemtyemsaf I]] [[Pepi II Neferkare|Pepi II]] [[Merenre Nemtyemsaf II]] [[Netjerkare Siptah]]<br/>[[File:Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I,_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.,_39.121.jpg|30px|Kneeling statuette of Pepy I]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan=10 rowspan=1|'''[[Adab (city)|Adab]] dynasty'''<br/>[[Lugalannemundu]]<br/>"King of the four quarters of the world" |- |2370 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=2|[[Isar-Damu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=2|[[Enna-Dagan]]<br/>[[Ikun-Ishar]]<br/>[[Ishqi-Mari]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan=4 rowspan=1|Invasion by [[Mari, Syria|Mari]]<br/>Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter<ref name="SKL"/> |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Ukush]] |style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" colspan=2|[[Lugalanda]]<br/>[[Urukagina]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=2|[[Luh-ishan]] |- |2350 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"| |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"|[[Puzur-Nirah]]<br/>[[Ishu-Il]]<br/>[[Shu-Sin (Akshak)|Shu-Sin]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5|'''[[Uruk]] III dynasty'''<br/>[[Lugal-zage-si|Lugalzagesi]]<br/>(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer) |- |rowspan=2|2340 BCE | |colspan=10 rowspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"|'''[[Akkadian Empire|Akkadian Period]] (2340–2150 BCE)''' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan=9|'''[[Akkadian Empire]]'''<br/><br/>[[Sargon of Akkad]] [[Rimush]] [[Manishtushu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan=1 rowspan=3|'''Akkadian Governors:'''<br/>[[Eshpum]]<br/>[[Ilshu-rabi]]<br/>[[Epirmupi]]<br/>[[Ili-ishmani]] |- |2250 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan=7|[[Naram-Sin of Akkad|Naram-Sin]][[File:Blank space.png|5px]][[File:Relief_of_Naram-Sin_(portrait).jpg|25px]] |style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" rowspan=2 colspan=2|[[Lugal-ushumgal]]<br/>(vassal of the Akkadians) |- |rowspan=2|2200 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=2|'''[[First Intermediate Period of Egypt|First Intermediate Period]]'''<br/>'''[[Seventh Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>'''[[Eighth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Menkare]] [[Neferkare II]] [[Neferkare Neby]] [[Djedkare Shemai]] [[Neferkare Khendu]] [[Merenhor]] [[Neferkamin]] [[Nikare]] [[Neferkare Tereru]] [[Neferkahor]] [[Neferkare Pepiseneb]] [[Neferkamin Anu]] [[Qakare Ibi]] [[Neferkaure]] [[Neferkauhor]] [[Neferirkare]] | colspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=6|'''Second [[Ebla|Eblaite]]<br/>Kingdom''' |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=2|'''[[Mari, Syria|Third kingdom of Mari]]'''<br/>([[Shakkanakku]]<br/>dynasty)<br/><br/>[[Ididish]]<br/>[[Shu-Dagan]]<br/>[[Ishma-Dagan]]<br/>(Vassals of the Akkadians) |style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan=5 |<br/>[[Shar-Kali-Sharri]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan=2 |[[Igigi of Akkad|Igigi]], [[Imi]], [[Nanum of Akkad|Nanum]], [[Ilulu]] (3 years)<br/>[[Dudu of Akkad|Dudu]]<br/>[[Shu-turul]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan=1|'''[[Uruk]] IV dynasty'''<br/>[[Ur-nigin]]<br/>[[Ur-gigir]] |style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan=2| |style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan=1 colspan=2|'''[[Lagash]] II dynasty'''<br/>[[Puzer-Mama]]<br/>[[Ur-Ningirsu I]]<br/>[[Pirig-me]]<br/>[[Lu-Baba]]<br/>[[Lu-gula]]<br/>[[Kaku of Lagash|Ka-ku]]<br/> | colspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=5|[[Hishep-Ratep]]<br/>[[Helu (Awan)|Helu]]<br/>[[Khita]]<br/>[[Puzur-Inshushinak]] |- |rowspan=3|2150 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=3|'''[[Ninth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Meryibre Khety]] [[Neferkare, ninth dynasty|Neferkare VII]] [[Nebkaure Khety]] [[Setut]] |colspan=8 rowspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"|'''[[Third Dynasty of Ur|Ur III period]] (2150–2000 BCE)''' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=3|[[Nûr-Mêr]]<br/>[[Ishtup-Ilum]]<br/>[[File:Ishtup-Ilum_statue_(head).jpg|25px]]<br/>[[Ishgum-Addu]]<br/>[[Apil-kin]] |style="text-align:center; background:#A9A9A9;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|'''[[Gutian dynasty of Sumer|Gutian dynasty]]'''<br/>(21 kings)<br/><br/>[[La-erabum]]<br/>[[Si'um]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan=1|[[Kuda (Uruk)]]<br/>[[Puzur-ili]]<br/>[[Ur-Utu]] |style="text-align:center; background:#A9A9A9;" colspan=1 rowspan=1| | colspan=1 style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE; rowspan=2|'''[[Umma]] II dynasty'''<br/>[[Lugalannatum]]<br/>(vassal of the Gutians) |style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan=2 colspan=2|[[Ur-Baba]]<br/>[[Gudea]][[File:Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg|30px|right]]<br/>[[Ur-Ningirsu]]<br/>[[Ur-gar]]<br/>[[Nam-mahani]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#A9A9A9;" colspan=5 rowspan=1|<br/>[[Tirigan]] |- |2125 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=3|'''[[Tenth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Meryhathor]] [[Neferkare VIII]] [[Wahkare Khety]] [[Merikare|Merykare]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=7|'''[[Uruk]] V dynasty'''<br/>[[Utu-hengal]] |- |2100 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=1|(Vassals of UR III) |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan=1|[[Iddi-ilum]]<br/>[[Ili-Ishar]]<br/>[[Tura-Dagan]]<br/>[[Puzur-Ishtar]]<br/>(Vassals of Ur III)<ref>{{cite book |last=Unger |first=Merrill F. |authorlink=Merrill Unger |title=Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History |date=2014 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62564-606-4 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qw6vCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |language=en}}</ref> |style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" colspan=8 rowspan=1|'''[[Third dynasty of Ur|Ur III dynasty]]'''<br/>"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"[[File:Blank space.png|5px]][[File:King_Ur-Nammu.jpg|35px]]<br/>[[Ur-Nammu]] [[Shulgi]] [[Amar-Sin]] [[Shu-Sin]] |- |rowspan=4|2025-1763 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan=7 rowspan=1|'''[[Amorites|Amorite]] invasions''' |style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Ibbi-Sin]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=2|'''[[Proto-Elamite|Elamite]] invasions'''<br/>[[Kindattu]] ([[Shimashki Dynasty]]) |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=2|'''[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt]]'''<br/>'''[[Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Mentuhotep I]] [[Intef I]] [[Intef II]] [[Intef III]] [[Mentuhotep II]] [[Mentuhotep III]] [[Mentuhotep IV]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" rowspan=2|'''[[Ebla|Third Eblaite]]<br/>Kingdom'''<br/> ([[Amorites]])<br/>[[Ibbit-Lim]]<br>[[File:Ibbit-Lim.png|30px]]<br>[[Immeya]] [[Indilimma]] |style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" rowspan=2|([[Amorites|Amorite]] [[Shakkanakku|Shakkanakkus]])<br/>[[Hitial-Erra]]<br/>[[Hanun-Dagan]]<br/>(...)<br/><br/><br/>'''Lim Dynasty'''<br/>'''of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]]'''<br/>([[Amorites]])<br/>[[Yaggid-Lim]] [[Yahdun-Lim]] [[Yasmah-Adad]] [[Zimri-Lim]] (Queen [[Shibtu]]) |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=1 rowspan=2|'''[[Old Assyrian period|Old Assyria]]'''<br/>[[Puzur-Ashur I]]<br>[[Shalim-ahum]]<br>[[Ilu-shuma]]<br>[[Erishum I]]<br>[[Ikunum]]<br>[[Sargon I]]<br>[[Puzur-Ashur II]]<br>[[Naram-Sin of Assyria|Naram-Sin]]<br>[[Erishum II]] |style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan=6 rowspan=2|'''[[Isin-Larsa period]]'''<br/>([[Amorites]])<br/>[[File:Image_from_page_25_of_"Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East"_(1940).jpg|right|30px]]'''[[Dynasty of Isin]]''': [[Ishbi-Erra]] [[Shu-Ilishu]] [[Iddin-Dagan]] [[Ishme-Dagan]] [[Lipit-Eshtar]] [[Ur-Ninurta]] [[Bur-Suen]] [[Lipit-Enlil]] [[Erra-imitti]] [[Enlil-bani]] [[Zambiya]] [[Iter-pisha]] [[Ur-du-kuga]] [[Suen-magir]] [[Damiq-ilishu]]<br/>'''Dynasty of Larsa''': [[Naplanum]] [[Emisum]] [[Samium]] [[Zabaia]] [[Gungunum]] [[Abisare]] [[Sumuel]] [[Nur-Adad]] [[Sin-Iddinam]] [[Sin-Eribam]] [[Sin-Iqisham]] [[Silli-Adad]] [[Warad-Sin]] [[Rim-Sin I]] (...) [[Rim-Sin II]]<br/>'''Uruk VI dynasty''': Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk [[Sîn-kāšid]] Sîn-iribam [[Sîn-gāmil]] Ilum-gamil [[An-am]] [[Irdanene]] [[Rîm-Anum]] Nabi-ilišu |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=4|'''[[Sukkalmah dynasty]]'''<br/><br/>[[Siwe-Palar-Khuppak]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|'''[[Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Amenemhat I]] [[Senusret I]] [[Amenemhat II]] [[Senusret II]] [[Senusret III]] [[Amenemhat III]] [[Amenemhat IV]] [[Sobekneferu]]{{sup|♀}} |- |rowspan=2|1800–1595 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|'''[[Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>'''[[Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt]]''' |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Abraham]]<br/>([[Biblical]])<br/>[[Kings of Byblos]]<br/>[[Kings of Tyre]]<br/>[[Kings of Sidon]] |style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|'''[[Yamhad]]'''<br>([[Yamhad dynasty]])<br>(Amorites) |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=2 rowspan=6|'''[[Old Assyrian period|Old Assyria]]'''<br> ([[List of Assyrian kings|Shamshi-Adad]] dynasty<br>1808–1736 BCE)<br>(Amorites)<br>[[Shamshi-Adad I]] [[Ishme-Dagan I]] [[Mut-Ashkur]] [[Rimush of Assyria|Rimush]] [[Asinum]] [[Ashur-dugul]] [[Ashur-apla-idi]] [[Nasir-Sin]] [[Sin-namir]] [[Ipqi-Ishtar]] [[Adad-salulu]] [[Adasi (Assyria)|Adasi]]<br><br> (Non-dynastic usurpers<br>1735–1701 BCE)<br> [[Puzur-Sin]] [[Ashur-dugul]] [[Ashur-apla-idi]] [[Nasir-Sin]] [[Sin-namir]] [[Ipqi-Ishtar]] [[Adad-salulu]] [[Adasi (Assyria)|Adasi]]<br><br> ([[Adaside dynasty]]<br>1700–722 BCE)<br>[[Bel-bani]] [[Libaya]] [[Sharma-Adad I]] [[Iptar-Sin]] [[Bazaya]] [[Lullaya]] [[Shu-Ninua]] [[Sharma-Adad II]] [[Erishum III]] [[Shamshi-Adad II]] [[Ishme-Dagan II]] [[Shamshi-Adad III]] [[Ashur-nirari I]] [[Puzur-Ashur III]] [[Enlil-nasir I]] [[Nur-ili]] [[Ashur-shaduni]] [[Ashur-rabi I]] [[Ashur-nadin-ahhe I]] [[Enlil-Nasir II]] [[Ashur-nirari II]] [[Ashur-bel-nisheshu]] [[Ashur-rim-nisheshu]] [[Ashur-nadin-ahhe II]] |style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan=4 rowspan=2|[[File:F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg|40px|right]]'''[[First Babylonian dynasty]]<br/>("Old Babylonian Period")<br/>([[Amorites]])'''<br/>[[Sumu-abum]] [[Sumu-la-El]] [[Sin-muballit]][[Sabium]] [[Apil-Sin]] [[Sin-muballit]] [[Hammurabi]] [[Samsu-iluna]] [[Abi-eshuh]] [[Ammi-ditana]] [[Ammi-saduqa]] [[Samsu-Ditana]]<br/><br/>[[Early Kassite rulers]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan=2 rowspan=2|<br/><br/>'''Second Babylonian dynasty<br/>("[[Sealand Dynasty]]")'''<br/>[[Ilum-ma-ili]] [[Itti-ili-nibi]] [[Damqi-ilishu]]<br/>[[Ishkibal]] [[Shushushi]] [[Gulkishar]]<br/>[[Sealand Dynasty|<sup>m</sup>DIŠ+U-EN]] [[Peshgaldaramesh]] [[Ayadaragalama]]<br/>[[Akurduana]] [[Melamkurkurra]] [[Ea-gamil]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=1 rowspan=1| '''[[Second Intermediate Period]]'''<br/>'''[[Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Sixteenth]]'''<br/>'''Dynasty'''<br/> '''[[Abydos Dynasty|Abydos]]'''<br/>'''Dynasty'''<br/> '''[[Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt|Seventeenth]]'''<br/>'''Dynasty''' |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|'''[[Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>("[[Hyksos]]")<br/>[[File:Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_(axe_of_Ahmose_I,_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II)_Colorized_per_source.jpg|35px|Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos|center]]<br/>''[[Semqen]]'' ''[[Aperanat|'Aper-'Anati]]'' [[Sakir-Har]] [[Khyan]] [[Apepi (pharaoh)|Apepi]] [[Khamudi]] |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=1 rowspan=2|'''[[Mitanni]]'''<br/>(1600–1260 BCE)<br/>[[Kirta]] [[Shuttarna I]] [[Parshatatar]] |- |rowspan=4|1531–1155 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=3 rowspan=1|[[File:CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg|right|30px|Tutankhamun]]'''[[New Kingdom of Egypt]]'''<br/>'''[[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Ahmose I]] [[Amenhotep I]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan=6 rowspan=3 |[[File:Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg|30px|right]]'''Third Babylonian dynasty ([[Kassites]])'''<br/>[[Agum-Kakrime]] [[Burnaburiash I]] [[Kashtiliash III]] [[Ulamburiash]] [[Agum III]] [[Karaindash]] [[Kadashman-harbe I]] [[Kurigalzu I]] [[Kadashman-Enlil I]] [[Burnaburiash II]] [[Kara-hardash]] [[Nazi-Bugash]] [[Kurigalzu II]] [[Nazi-Maruttash]] [[Kadashman-Turgu]] [[Kadashman-Enlil II]] [[Kudur-Enlil]] [[Shagarakti-Shuriash]] [[Kashtiliashu IV]] [[Enlil-nadin-shumi]] [[Kadashman-Harbe II]] [[Adad-shuma-iddina]] [[Adad-shuma-usur]] [[Meli-Shipak II]] [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] [[Zababa-shuma-iddin]] [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=3|[[Elam|Middle Elamite period]] (1500–1100 BCE)<br/>'''[[List of rulers of Elam|Kidinuid dynasty]]'''<br/>'''[[List of rulers of Elam|Igehalkid dynasty]]'''<br/>[[Untash-Napirisha]]<br/><br/> |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=4 rowspan=1|[[Thutmose I]] [[Thutmose II]] [[Hatshepsut]]{{sup|♀}} [[Thutmose III]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=3 rowspan=1|[[Amenhotep II]] [[Thutmose IV]] [[Amenhotep III]] [[Akhenaten]] ''[[Smenkhkare]]'' [[Neferneferuaten]]{{sup|♀}} [[Tutankhamun]] [[Ay (pharaoh)|Ay]] [[Horemheb]] |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=1 rowspan=2|'''[[Hittite Empire]]'''<br/><br/>[[Ugarit]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=3 rowspan=1|'''[[Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Ramesses I]] [[Seti I]] [[Ramesses II]] [[Merneptah]] [[Amenmesse]]s [[Seti II]] [[Siptah]] [[Twosret]]{{sup|♀}} |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=7 rowspan=1|'''[[Elamite Empire]]'''<br/>'''[[Shutrukid Dynasty|Shutrukid dynasty]]'''<br/>[[Shutruk-Nakhunte]] |- |1155–1025 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=2|'''[[Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/><br/>[[Setnakhte]] [[Ramesses III]] [[Ramesses IV]] [[Ramesses V]] [[Ramesses VI]] [[Ramesses VII]] [[Ramesses VIII]] [[Ramesses IX]] [[Ramesses X]] [[Ramesses XI]]<br/><br/>'''[[Third Intermediate Period]]'''<br/> '''[[Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Smendes]] [[Amenemnisu]] [[Psusennes I]] [[Amenemope (pharaoh)|Amenemope]] [[Osorkon the Elder]] [[Siamun]] [[Psusennes II]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=2|'''[[Phoenicia]]'''<br/>[[Kings of Byblos]]<br/>[[Kings of Tyre]]<br/>[[Kings of Sidon]]<br/><br/>'''[[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Kingdom of Israel]]'''<br/>[[Saul]]<br/>[[Ish-bosheth]]<br/>[[David]]<br/>[[Solomon]] |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=1 rowspan=3|'''[[Syro-Hittite states]]''' |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=2 rowspan=2|'''[[Middle Assyrian Empire|Middle Assyria]]'''<br/>[[Eriba-Adad I]] [[Ashur-uballit I]] [[Enlil-nirari]] [[Arik-den-ili]] [[Adad-nirari I]] [[Shalmaneser I]] [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] [[Ashur-nadin-apli]] [[Ashur-nirari III]] [[Enlil-kudurri-usur]] [[Ninurta-apal-Ekur]] [[Ashur-dan I]] [[Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur]] [[Mutakkil-Nusku]] [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] [[Asharid-apal-Ekur]] [[Ashur-bel-kala]] [[Eriba-Adad II]] [[Shamshi-Adad IV]] [[Ashurnasirpal I]] [[Shalmaneser II]] [[Ashur-nirari IV]] [[Ashur-rabi II]] [[Ashur-resh-ishi II]] [[Tiglath-Pileser II]] [[Ashur-dan II]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan=6 |'''Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("[[Second Dynasty of Isin]]")'''<br/>[[Marduk-kabit-ahheshu]] [[Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)|Itti-Marduk-balatu]] [[Ninurta-nadin-shumi]] [[Nebuchadnezzar I]] [[Enlil-nadin-apli]] [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] [[Marduk-shapik-zeri]] [[Adad-apla-iddina]] [[Marduk-ahhe-eriba]] [[Marduk-zer-X]] [[Nabu-shum-libur]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=2|[[Elam|Neo-Elamite period]] (1100–540 BCE) |- |1025–934 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan=6 |'''Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")'''<br/>[[Simbar-shipak]] [[Ea-mukin-zeri]] [[Kashshu-nadin-ahi]] [[Eulmash-shakin-shumi]] [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur I]] [[Shirikti-shuqamuna]] [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]] [[Nabû-mukin-apli]] |- |911–745 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|'''[[Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Shoshenq I]] [[Osorkon I]] [[Shoshenq II]] [[Takelot I]] [[Osorkon II]] [[Shoshenq III]] [[Shoshenq IV]] [[Pami]] [[Shoshenq V]] ''[[Pedubast II]]'' [[Osorkon IV]]<br/><br/> '''[[Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Harsiese A]] [[Takelot II]] [[Pedubast I]] [[Shoshenq VI]] [[Osorkon III]] [[Takelot III]] [[Rudamun]] [[Ini (pharaoh)|Menkheperre Ini]]<br/><br/> '''[[Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Tefnakht]] [[Bakenranef]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Kingdom of Samaria]]<br/><br/>[[Kingdom of Judah]] |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=2 |'''[[Neo-Assyrian Empire]]'''<br/>[[Adad-nirari II]] [[Tukulti-Ninurta II]] [[Ashurnasirpal II]] [[Shalmaneser III]] [[Shamshi-Adad V]] [[Shammuramat]]{{sup|♀}} (regent) [[Adad-nirari III]] [[Shalmaneser IV]] [[Ashur-dan III|Ashur-Dan III]] [[Ashur-nirari V]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan=6 |[[File:Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg|45px|right]]'''Eight Babylonian Dynasty'''<br/>[[Ninurta-kudurri-usur II]] [[Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina]] [[Shamash-mudammiq]] [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I]] [[Marduk-balassu-iqbi]] [[Baba-aha-iddina]] (five kings) [[Ninurta-apla-X]] [[Marduk-bel-zeri]] [[Marduk-apla-usur]] [[Eriba-Marduk]] [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun]] [[Nabonassar]] [[Nabu-nadin-zeri]] [[Nabu-shuma-ukin II]] [[Nabu-mukin-zeri]]<br/> |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan=2|'''[[List of rulers of Elam|Humban-Tahrid dynasty]]'''<br/><br/>[[Urtak (king of Elam)|Urtak]]<br/>[[Teumman]]<br/>[[Ummanigash (son of Urtak)|Ummanigash]]<br/>[[Tammaritu (son of Urtak)|Tammaritu I]]<br/>[[Indabibi]]<br/>[[Humban-haltash III]] |- |rowspan=2|745–609 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|'''[[Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[File:Taharqa reconstructed 2.jpg|30px|right|Taharqa]]("[[Black Pharaohs]]")<br/>[[Piye]] [[Shebitku]] [[Shabaka]] [[Taharqa]] [[Tantamani|Tanutamun]] |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=10 rowspan=2|'''[[Neo-Assyrian Empire]]'''<br/> '''([[Sargonid dynasty]])'''<br/>[[Tiglath-Pileser III|Tiglath-Pileser]]{{sup|†}} [[Shalmaneser V|Shalmaneser]]{{sup|†}} [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] [[Sargon II|Sargon]]{{sup|†}} [[Sennacherib]]{{sup|†}} [[Marduk-zakir-shumi II]] [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] [[Bel-ibni]] [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]]{{sup|†}} [[Nergal-ushezib]] [[Mushezib-Marduk]] [[Esarhaddon]]{{sup|†}} [[Ashurbanipal]] [[Ashur-etil-ilani]] [[Sinsharishkun]] [[Sin-shumu-lishir]] [[Ashur-uballit II]]<br/> |- |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=2 |[[Assyrian conquest of Egypt]] |style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Assyrian conquest of Elam]] |- |626–539 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|'''[[Late Period of ancient Egypt|Late Period]]'''<br/>'''[[Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Necho I]] [[Psamtik I]] [[Necho II]] [[Psamtik II]] [[Apries|Wahibre]] [[Amasis II|Ahmose II]] [[Psamtik III]] |style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan=10 |'''[[Neo-Babylonian Empire]]'''<br/>[[Nabopolassar]] [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] [[Amel-Marduk]] [[Neriglissar]] [[Labashi-Marduk]] [[Nabonidus]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=10 |'''[[Median Empire]]'''<br/>[[Deioces]] [[Phraortes]] [[Madyes]] [[Cyaxares]] [[Astyages]] |- |rowspan=3|539–331 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=2 |'''[[Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>([[First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt]]) |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=1 rowspan=3|[[Kings of Byblos]]<br/>[[Kings of Tyre]]<br/>[[Kings of Sidon]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=10 rowspan=3|[[File:Darius_In_Parse.JPG|30px|right]]'''[[Achaemenid Empire]]'''<br/>[[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus]] [[Cambyses II|Cambyses]] [[Darius I]] [[Xerxes I|Xerxes]] [[Artaxerxes I]] [[Darius II]] [[Artaxerxes II]] [[Artaxerxes III]] [[Artaxerxes IV]] [[Darius III]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan=2 |'''[[Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>'''[[Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt]]'''<br/>'''[[Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt]]''' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=2 |'''[[Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt]]''' |- |331–141 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#FFDAB9;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 |'''[[Argead dynasty]] and [[Ptolemaic Egypt]]'''<br/>[[Ptolemy I Soter]] [[Ptolemy Keraunos]] [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] [[Arsinoe II]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy III Euergetes]] [[Berenice II|Berenice II Euergetis]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]] [[Arsinoe III Philopator]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]] [[Cleopatra I Syra]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy VI Philometor]] [[Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator]] [[Cleopatra II of Egypt|Cleopatra II Philometor Soter]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon]] [[Cleopatra III of Egypt|Cleopatra III]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy IX Lathyros]] [[Cleopatra IV of Egypt|Cleopatra IV]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy X Alexander I|Ptolemy X Alexander]] [[Berenice III of Egypt|Berenice III]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy XI Alexander II|Ptolemy XI Alexander]] [[Ptolemy XII Auletes]] [[Cleopatra V]]{{sup|♀}} [[Cleopatra VI of Egypt|Cleopatra VI Tryphaena]]{{sup|♀}} [[Berenice IV of Egypt|Berenice IV Epiphanea]]{{sup|♀}} [[Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator|Ptolemy XIII]] [[Ptolemy XIV of Egypt|Ptolemy XIV]] [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII Philopator]]{{sup|♀}} [[Caesarion|Ptolemy XV Caesarion]] [[Arsinoe IV]]{{sup|♀}} |style="text-align:center; background:#FFDAB9;" colspan=11 |'''Hellenistic Period'''<br/>[[File:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon.jpg|60px|right|Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon]]'''[[Argead dynasty]]''': [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III]] [[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III]] [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] <br/>'''[[Antigonid dynasty]]''': [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus|Antigonus I]]<br/>'''[[Seleucid Empire]]''': [[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus I]] [[Antiochus I Soter|Antiochus I]] [[Antiochus II Theos|Antiochus II]] [[Seleucus II Callinicus|Seleucus II]] [[Seleucus III Ceraunus|Seleucus III]] [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus III]] [[Seleucus IV Philopator|Seleucus IV]] [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes|Antiochus IV]] [[Antiochus V Eupator|Antiochus V]] [[Demetrius I Soter|Demetrius I]] [[Alexander Balas|Alexander III]] [[Demetrius II Nicator|Demetrius II]] [[Antiochus VI Dionysus]] [[Diodotus Tryphon]] [[Antiochus VII Sidetes]] |- |141–30 BCE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 |'''[[Hasmonean dynasty|Kingdom of Judea]]'''<br/>[[Simon Thassi]] [[John Hyrcanus]] [[Aristobulus I]] [[Alexander Jannaeus]] [[Salome Alexandra]]{{sup|♀}} [[Hyrcanus II]] [[Aristobulus II]] [[Antigonus II Mattathias]] |style="text-align:center; background:#FFDAB9;" colspan=1 |[[Alexander II Zabinas]] [[Seleucus V Philometor]] [[Antiochus VIII Grypus]] [[Antiochus IX Cyzicenus]] [[Seleucus VI Epiphanes]] [[Antiochus X Eusebes]] [[Antiochus XI Epiphanes]] [[Demetrius III Eucaerus]] [[Philip I Philadelphus]] [[Antiochus XII Dionysus]] [[Antiochus XIII Asiaticus]] [[Philip II Philoromaeus]] |style="text-align:center; background:#FFDEAD;" colspan=9 rowspan=3 |'''[[Parthian Empire]]'''<br/>[[Mithridates I of Parthia|Mithridates I]] [[Phraates II|Phraates]] [[Hyspaosines]] [[Artabanus I of Parthia|Artabanus]] [[Mithridates II of Parthia|Mithridates II]] [[Gotarzes I|Gotarzes]] [[Mithridates III of Parthia|Mithridates III]] [[Orodes I of Parthia|Orodes I]] [[Sinatruces of Parthia|Sinatruces]] [[Phraates III]] [[Mithridates IV of Parthia|Mithridates IV]] [[Orodes II]] [[Phraates IV]] [[Tiridates II of Parthia|Tiridates II]] [[Musa of Parthia|Musa]] [[Phraates V]] [[Orodes III of Parthia|Orodes III]] [[Vonones I]] [[Artabanus II of Parthia|Artabanus II]] [[Tiridates III of Parthia|Tiridates III]] [[Artabanus II of Parthia|Artabanus II]] [[Vardanes I]] [[Gotarzes II of Parthia|Gotarzes II]] [[Meherdates]] [[Vonones II]] [[Vologases I of Parthia|Vologases I]] [[Vardanes II]] [[Pacorus II]] [[Vologases II of Parthia|Vologases II]] [[Artabanus III of Parthia|Artabanus III]] [[Osroes I]] |- |rowspan=2|30 BCE–116 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=4 rowspan=1|'''[[Roman Empire]]''' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=2 rowspan=4|([[Roman conquest of Egypt]])<br/>[[Egypt (Roman province)|Province of Egypt]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=2|[[Judea (Roman province)|Judea]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=4|[[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]] |- |rowspan=1|116–117 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=3 rowspan=1|[[Mesopotamia (Roman province)|Province of Mesopotamia]] under [[Trajan]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=6 rowspan=1|[[Parthamaspates of Parthia]] |- |117–224 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=2|[[Syria Palaestina]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=2|[[Mesopotamia (Roman province)|Province of Mesopotamia]] |style="text-align:center; background:#FFDEAD;" colspan=8 rowspan=1|[[Sinatruces II of Parthia|Sinatruces II]] [[Mithridates V of Parthia|Mithridates V]] [[Vologases IV]] [[Osroes II]] [[Vologases V]] [[Vologases VI]] [[Artabanus IV of Parthia|Artabanus IV]] |- |224–270 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=8 rowspan=6|'''[[Sasanian Empire]]'''<br/>[[Asoristan|Province of Asoristan]]<br/>[[File:Coin_of_Ardashir_I_(phase_3),_Hamadan_mint.jpg|40px|right|Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.]][[Ardashir I]] [[Shapur I]] [[Hormizd I]] [[Bahram I]] [[Bahram II]] [[Bahram III]] [[Narseh]] [[Hormizd II]] [[Adur Narseh]] [[Shapur II]] [[Ardashir II]] [[Shapur III]] [[Bahram IV]] [[Yazdegerd I]] [[Shapur IV]] [[Khosrow (son of Bahram IV)|Khosrow]] [[Bahram V]] [[Yazdegerd II]] [[Hormizd III]] [[Peroz I]] [[Balash]] [[Kavad I]] [[Jamasp]] [[Kavad I]] [[Khosrow I]] [[Hormizd IV]] [[Khosrow II]] [[Bahram Chobin|Bahram VI Chobin]] [[Vistahm]] |- |270–273 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#48D1CC;" colspan=5|'''[[Palmyrene Empire]]'''<br/>[[Vaballathus]] [[Zenobia]]{{sup|♀}} [[Septimius Antiochus|Antiochus]] |- |rowspan=2|273–395 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5 rowspan=1|'''[[Roman Empire]]''' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|[[Egypt (Roman province)|Province of Egypt]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Syria Palaestina]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Mesopotamia (Roman province)|Province of Mesopotamia]] |- |rowspan=2|395–618 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5 rowspan=1|'''[[Byzantine Empire]]''' |- |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=2 rowspan=1|[[Byzantine Egypt]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Palaestina Prima]], [[Palaestina Secunda]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Byzantine Syria]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Byzantine Mesopotamia]] |- |618–628 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=2 |([[Sasanian conquest of Egypt]])<br/>[[Sasanian Egypt|Province of Egypt]]<br/>[[Shahrbaraz]] [[Sahralanyozan]] [[Shahrbaraz]] |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=11 rowspan=1|'''[[Sasanian Empire]]'''<br/>[[Asoristan|Province of Asoristan]]<br/>[[Khosrow II]] [[Kavad II]] |- |rowspan=2|628–641 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=5 |'''[[Byzantine Empire]]''' |style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan=8 rowspan=2|[[Ardashir III]] [[Shahrbaraz]] [[Khosrow III]] [[Boran]]{{sup|♀}} [[Shapur-i Shahrvaraz]] [[Azarmidokht]]{{sup|♀}} [[Farrukh Hormizd]] [[Hormizd VI]] [[Khosrow IV]] [[Boran]] [[Yazdegerd III]] [[Peroz III]] [[Narsieh]] |- |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=2 |[[Byzantine Egypt]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Palaestina Prima]], [[Palaestina Secunda]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Byzantine Syria]] |style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan=1 rowspan=1|[[Byzantine Mesopotamia]] |- |639–651 CE |style="text-align:center; background:#8FBC8F;" colspan=2 |'''[[Muslim conquest of Egypt]]''' |style="text-align:center; background:#8FBC8F;" colspan=2 |'''[[Muslim conquest of the Levant]]''' |style="text-align:center; background:#8FBC8F;" colspan=9 |'''[[Muslim conquest of Persia|Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia]]''' |- |- |style="text-align:left; background:#F5F5F5; border:0px" rowspan=1 colspan=7 |[[File:Font Awesome 5 solid arrow-up.svg|10px]][[Template:Neolithic Chronology| Chronology of the Neolithic period]] |style="text-align:right; background:#F5F5F5; border:0px" colspan=7 align=right|[[File:Font Awesome 5 solid long-arrow-alt-right.svg|12px]] [[:Template:Rulers of the Ancient Central Asia|Rulers of Ancient Central Asia]] |- |colspan=14|{{reflist}} |- |} |}</div> {{navbox bottom}}<noinclude> [[Category:Ruler navigational boxes]] </noinclude> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span 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