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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Air-sea rescue service</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">RAF Marine Branch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/220px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/330px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/440px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Ensign" title="Royal Air Force Ensign">Royal Air Force Ensign</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1918 – 8 January 1986</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">The Sea Shall Not Have Them</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Marine Branch</b> (1918–1986) was a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) which operated <a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">watercraft</a> in support of RAF operations. Just days after the creation of the RAF itself, the <b>Marine Craft Section</b> (MCS) was created with the transfer of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a> (RNAS) vessels and personnel to the new service.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally tasked with the support of RNAS, and later RAF, <a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">seaplanes</a>, Marine Craft Section was to achieve its greatest size during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, and achieved fame for its role in <a href="/wiki/Air-sea_rescue" title="Air-sea rescue">air-sea rescue</a> operations. After the war MCS was granted full branch status on 11 December 1947;<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, post-war the role of the new branch became greatly reduced with the end of the British Empire, the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boats</a> from service, and the increasing use of <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> in air-sea rescue. The branch was disestablished on 8 January 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seaplane_Tender_MkIA_1502_Portsmouth_(5693855715).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Seaplane_Tender_MkIA_1502_Portsmouth_%285693855715%29.jpg/220px-Seaplane_Tender_MkIA_1502_Portsmouth_%285693855715%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Seaplane_Tender_MkIA_1502_Portsmouth_%285693855715%29.jpg/330px-Seaplane_Tender_MkIA_1502_Portsmouth_%285693855715%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Seaplane_Tender_MkIA_1502_Portsmouth_%285693855715%29.jpg/440px-Seaplane_Tender_MkIA_1502_Portsmouth_%285693855715%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2300" /></a><figcaption>RAF seaplane tender 1502 in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1918 the RAF was established through the merging of the aviation arms of the Royal Navy, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Air_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Navy Air Service">Royal Navy Air Service</a> (RNAS), and that of the Army, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a>. During the First World War the RNAS had structured its force to protect Britain from both surface sea and air attack. Against surface attack the RNAS had built up a force of seaplanes and in support of these had accumulated between 300 and 500 vessels<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of various kind including <a href="/wiki/Pinnace_(ship%27s_boat)" title="Pinnace (ship's boat)">pinnaces</a>, lighters, <a href="/wiki/Launch_(boat)" title="Launch (boat)">launches</a>, motorboats, <a href="/wiki/Depot_ship" title="Depot ship">depot ships</a> and other vessels. These were used as primarily as <a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">seaplane tenders</a>. The term seaplane tender in British usage being used for small watercraft of launch to pinnace size used as <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_tender" title="Ship's tender">tenders</a>, what in United States usage would be called a seaplane tender the British would call a seaplane depot ship. </p><p>These craft were used to ferry crews, stores and supplies between shore and the aircraft, to maintain the buoys used to mark out "taxiways" and "runways" and to keep these clear of debris to prevent <a href="/wiki/Foreign_object_damage" title="Foreign object damage">foreign object damage</a>, and in the case of emergency to act as rescue craft and <a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">airport crash tenders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All those functions that on land would require wheeled <a href="/wiki/Ground_support_equipment" title="Ground support equipment">ground support equipment</a> had a need for a watercraft equivalent. Other vessels were equipped as high speed <a href="/wiki/Target_tug" title="Target tug">target tugs</a>, pickets and for range safety. On the creation of the RAF, along with the seaplanes they served, these RNAS vessels and their crews would become the RAF's Marine Craft Section (MCS),<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Navy was from the start opposed to and did its best to prevent the creation of the new service, of the vessels that were now theoretically part of the RAF some could not be found; others were carried aboard Royal Navy vessels that were not part of the RNAS transfer, and to which the RAF had no option but to accede to their transfer back to the Navy. The MCS officers tasked with carrying out an inventory of the new service's assets concluded that achieving the transfer of 323 vessels was possible. However, of those boats handed over, because of their war service, some 50% were unserviceable, with some in such a poor state of repair as to be totally unseaworthy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interwar">Interwar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Interwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> the MCS contracted to a force of 150 vessels, which in addition to supporting the operation of seaplanes were equipped for rescue operations, with a launch being at the ready whenever an aircraft was flying over water.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the training and seamanship of the crews, especially with regards to navigation, and the fact that these boats were hard pressed to make 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h), meant that the MCS at this time was only capable of inshore rescue operations.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MCS were subdivided into Marine Craft Units (MCU) with individual units assigned to an individual <a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">RAF Coastal Command</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_seaplane_bases_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of seaplane bases in the United Kingdom">seaplane base</a>. In 1921 the RAF was officially granted its own <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">ensign</a>, to the dissatisfaction of the Navy, and henceforth MCS vessels would fly the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Ensign" title="Royal Air Force Ensign">Royal Air Force Ensign</a>. </p><p>As the vessels it had inherited from the Navy began wear out the MCS began to have built for it launches capable of higher speeds and - in light of the larger crews of some aircraft - greater capacity. The arrival of high speed craft into the MCS was driven in part by <a href="/wiki/T.E._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="T.E. Lawrence">T.E. Lawrence</a>, better known as "Lawrence of Arabia", whilst an airman at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Mount_Batten" title="RAF Mount Batten">RAF Mount Batten</a>; Lawrence had previously witnessed the drowning of the crew of a seaplane when the seaplane tender sent to their rescue was too slow in arriving. Working with <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Scott-Paine" title="Hubert Scott-Paine">Hubert Scott-Paine</a>, the designer of the record-breaking <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Britain_III" title="Miss Britain III">Miss Britain III</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Miss_England_(speedboat)" title="Miss England (speedboat)"><i>Miss England</i></a> boats and founder of the <a href="/wiki/British_Power_Boat_Company" title="British Power Boat Company">British Power Boat Company</a> (BPBC), the 37.5 ft (11.4 m) long ST 200 Seaplane Tender Mk1 was introduced into service. These boats had a range of 140 mi (230 km) when cruising at 24 kn (28 mph; 44 km/h), and could achieve a top speed of 29 kn (33 mph; 54 km/h). As even faster boats became available many of the ST 200s were converted into <a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">fireboats</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSL_102_at_Gosport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HSL_102_at_Gosport.jpg/220px-HSL_102_at_Gosport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HSL_102_at_Gosport.jpg/330px-HSL_102_at_Gosport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HSL_102_at_Gosport.jpg/440px-HSL_102_at_Gosport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>HSL 102 at Gosport</figcaption></figure> <p>The work of the BPBC would lead in the late 1930s to the RAF 100 class High Speed Launch (HSL), based on the elongated hull of a 64 ft (20 m) <a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat">Motor Torpedo Boat</a> the RAF 100 was designed to have a maximum speed of 35 knots (40 mph; 65 km/h), and achieved over 39 knots (45 mph; 72 km/h) during trials, making it one of the fastest boats of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the internal arrangements of the RAF 100 was to prove vulnerable to combat damage, its high deck made the recovery of aircrew in the water difficult, and for wartime use it was underarmed. These shortcomings were rectified in the <a href="/wiki/Type_Two_63_ft_HSL" title="Type Two 63 ft HSL">Type Two 63 ft HSL</a>, nicknamed the "Whaleback" from its deck shape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSL_164_with_RAF_Hurricane_off_Colombo_c1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/HSL_164_with_RAF_Hurricane_off_Colombo_c1943.jpg/220px-HSL_164_with_RAF_Hurricane_off_Colombo_c1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/HSL_164_with_RAF_Hurricane_off_Colombo_c1943.jpg/330px-HSL_164_with_RAF_Hurricane_off_Colombo_c1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/HSL_164_with_RAF_Hurricane_off_Colombo_c1943.jpg/440px-HSL_164_with_RAF_Hurricane_off_Colombo_c1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Power_Boat_Company_Type_Two_63_ft_HSL" class="mw-redirect" title="British Power Boat Company Type Two 63 ft HSL">Whaleback</a> high speed air-sea rescue launch <i>HSL 164</i> off Ceylon in 1943</figcaption></figure><p>As Britain entered the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> the MCS found itself ill-prepared for war. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> the MCS could only keep 10 of 13 HSL launches available for <a href="/wiki/Air-sea_rescue" title="Air-sea rescue">air-sea rescue</a> operations at any one time and the high performance of the craft was brought at the expense of engines which had a service life of only 360 hours. The HSLs were also individually assigned to individual Coastal Command bases, primarily to support the operation of those squadrons based there. Although theoretically available for rescue operations, in general this was done on an uncoordinated ad hoc basis.<sup id="cite_ref-Journal40_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal40-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even with the help of civilian vessels and the Royal Navy, aircrew who baled out or ditched in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> had only a 20% chance of being returned to their squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between mid July 1940 and October Britain lost 215, hard to replace, pilots and aircrew to the seas.<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In light of this, in 1941, an emergency meeting was convened by <a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Harris,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet">Sir Arthur "Bomber" Harris</a>. The Royal Navy offered to take over in its entirety the at sea rescue role, the RAF declined and subsequently created the Directorate of Air Sea Rescue on 6 February 1941, which adopted the motto "The sea shall not have them". Operationally it was to become known as Air Sea Rescue Services (ASRS), which later became the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Search_and_Rescue_Force" title="RAF Search and Rescue Force">RAF Search and Rescue Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The headquarters of the ASRS was co-located with that of <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Command">Coastal Command</a> with which it was to operate closely. </p><p>As more High Speed Launches became available these were formed into new dedicated Air Sea Rescue Units (ASRU). Together with the expansion of the ASRS component of the MCS, the ASRS worked to improve the survival of aircrews through the development and issue of better individual survival equipment-including one-man <a href="/wiki/Inflatable_boat" title="Inflatable boat">inflatable dinghies</a> for fighter pilots copied from the Germans, the training of aircrew in ditching drills to maximise their chances of surviving to be retrieved, the development and fielding of air droppable survival equipment, and better coordination and collaboration amongst the different services, branches and units in the locating and retrieval of downed airmen. </p><p>The air-sea rescue squadrons of the ASRS flew a variety of aircraft, usually hand-me-downs rejected or withdrawn from front-line service by the RAF's other branches or, as in the case of the Walrus, begged from the Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-Journal40_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal40-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They used <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfires</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Defiant" title="Boulton Paul Defiant">Boulton Paul Defiants</a> to patrol for downed aircrew and <a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Ansons</a> to drop supplies and dinghies. <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">Supermarine Walrus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Otter" title="Supermarine Sea Otter">Supermarine Sea Otter</a> amphibious craft were used to pick up aircrew from the water.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larger aircraft were used to drop <a href="/wiki/Airborne_lifeboat" title="Airborne lifeboat">airborne lifeboats</a>. Although the Walrus and Sea Otters could pick up survivors in calm seas, further out to sea and in rougher waters, it was still not possible for aircraft to routinely pick up survivors, the large flying boats that could do so, such as the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Catalinas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Short Sunderlands</a> of Coastal Command, had many other jobs to do and were not always available.<sup id="cite_ref-Journal40_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal40-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role of aircraft in the ASRS therefore, was to locate downed airmen and to keep them alive, by dropping them survival equipment and stores, until an ASRS launch, or one from the Royal Navy's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Sea_Rescue_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Sea Rescue Services (page does not exist)">Naval Sea Rescue Services</a>, arrived to pick them up.<sup id="cite_ref-Journal40_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal40-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally MCS launches had responsibility for the Channel and North Sea, and Navy ones for the <a href="/wiki/Western_Approaches" title="Western Approaches">Western Approaches</a>, although a number of MCS launches were based in Northern Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to more and better "whalebacks", the ASRUs would acquire United States built powerboats under <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a>, known as "Miamis" in RAF service, from the name of their builder. These boats were not used in home waters. In addition to High Speed Launches, the MCS would also acquire larger craft, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fairmile_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairmile D">Fairmile D</a> derived "115 Foot Long Range Rescue Craft" (LRRC), these traded outright top speed for much better seakeeping and range. The MCS craft also became much better armed, sporting multiple machine guns in powered turrets derived from those found in the RAF's multiengined bombers. By convention craft with weapons in front of the deckhouse are not considered rescue craft, and the MCS craft disposed its armament in the amidships, wing, and aft deck positions. This was achieved despite the ship yards and boat builders of Britain coming under the control of the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a>, and which ensured that the needs of the Navy were met first, for example the MCS's LRRCs, only being delivered once the naval need for <a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">motor torpedo boats</a> was satisfied. </p><p>By the end of the Second World War, more than 8,000 aircrew and 5,000 civilians had been rescued, and the MCS had some 300 HSLs and over a thousand other vessels,<sup id="cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located not just in the waters around the United Kingdom, but everywhere around the world. The largest fleet of such rescue craft in the world. This fleet and the RAF sailors that crewed it would contract as Britain entered peacetime, however it continued be found everywhere that the RAF flew over water. On 11 December 1947 the MCS was granted full branch status and on 25 June 1948 the largest of its vessels, of 68 feet (21 m) or more, were granted the <a href="/wiki/Ship_prefix" title="Ship prefix">ship prefix</a> His Majesty's Air Force Vessel (HMAFV). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_and_demise">Postwar and demise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Postwar and demise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the British withdrew from Empire, and aircraft reliability improved, the need for rescue craft to provide cover for the routes that the troop planes and supply transports flew waned, and with the withdrawal from service of flying boats a large part of the Branch's reason to exist disappeared. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_Museum,_Colindale,_London_-_DSC06008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RAF_Museum%2C_Colindale%2C_London_-_DSC06008.JPG/220px-RAF_Museum%2C_Colindale%2C_London_-_DSC06008.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RAF_Museum%2C_Colindale%2C_London_-_DSC06008.JPG/330px-RAF_Museum%2C_Colindale%2C_London_-_DSC06008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RAF_Museum%2C_Colindale%2C_London_-_DSC06008.JPG/440px-RAF_Museum%2C_Colindale%2C_London_-_DSC06008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Rescue & Target Towing Launch (RTTL) 2757, built in 1957, in the Grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum_London" title="Royal Air Force Museum London">Royal Air Force Museum London</a>, Hendon</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1950s, helicopters had begun to replace fixed–wing aircraft and supplement the marine craft in the search and rescue role, with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Westland_Wessex" title="Westland Wessex">Westland Wessex</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Westland Sea King</a>, it was now possible to consider the replacement of marine craft in all sea and weather conditions. However, even into the 1970s helicopters had not completely replaced RAF marine craft, even though, by this time, the Marine Branch craft were becoming increasingly elderly and service in the Branch increasingly unattractive. Physically isolated from the majority of RAF bases and personnel, with the withdrawal of the flying boats and the absorption of Coastal Command into <a href="/wiki/RAF_Strike_Command" title="RAF Strike Command">Strike Command</a>, the majority of RAF bases were now inland: the Marine Branch becoming largely forgotten and neglected by the rest of the Royal Air Force. The only interaction between the Marine Branch and the rest of the RAF was when the Branch had to draw supplies from another base, or when aircrew arrived at Mount Batten for safety and survival training. Associating the RAF with the conducting of flight operations, other members of the RAF, like the public at large, were often unaware that the RAF had its own marine craft or why they were needed, and when they did become aware of the fact, found it strange and surprising. </p><p>HMAFV Stirling (4002),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Spitfire Class Rescue Target Towing Launch Mk.III,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its crew were used for the filming of the <a href="/wiki/Secret_Army_(TV_series)" title="Secret Army (TV series)"><i>Secret Army</i></a> TV drama series episode <a href="/wiki/List_of_Secret_Army_episodes#Series_Two:_1978" title="List of Secret Army episodes"><i>Prisoner of War</i></a> in 1978. <i>Stirling</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> RAF Number 4002<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is clearly visible in the episode. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_4003_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/RAF_4003_A.jpg/220px-RAF_4003_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/RAF_4003_A.jpg/330px-RAF_4003_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/RAF_4003_A.jpg/440px-RAF_4003_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6137" data-file-height="4217" /></a><figcaption>Rescue & Target Towing Launch Mk.3 4003 - Halifax</figcaption></figure> <p>The last roles for the MCS craft were as <a href="/wiki/Plane_guard" title="Plane guard">guard</a> ships and target tugs for the training of the maritime anti-shipping squadrons of the RAF, and its vessels were designated Rescue & Target Towing Launches (RTTL) to reflect this. In 1986, the Marine Branch was disbanded, the last of the RAF's vessels retired and handed over to civilian contractors for the target towing role. In the rescue role, they were replaced either by helicopters, or by the <a href="/wiki/RNLI" class="mw-redirect" title="RNLI">RNLI</a>, where necessary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Actions_and_engagements">Actions and engagements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Actions and engagements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to being available for rescue operations on at ready basis, the MCS was tasked with providing a rescue capability for specific operations, including clandestine ones. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dynamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Dynamo">Operation Dynamo</a></li> <li>Battle of Britain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Operation Market Garden</a></li> <li>Reoccupation of <a href="/wiki/Akyab" class="mw-redirect" title="Akyab">Akyab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boats_and_ships">Boats and ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boats and ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>RAF Marine Craft Section ships </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Name </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Role </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Length </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Displacement </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Cruising<br />speed </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Top speed </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Range </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Built </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Builder </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:28%;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MV_Dumana" title="MV Dumana">MV <i>Dumana</i></a></td> <td>Seaplane depot ship</td> <td>464 ft (141 m)</td> <td>8,428 GRT</td> <td></td> <td>13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph)</td> <td></td> <td>1923</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barclay_Curle" title="Barclay Curle">Barclay Curle</a></td> <td>Chartered in 1939 for use as a base and maintenance ship in the Mediterranean. While in convoy between Freetown and Lagos, torpedoed and sunk in 1943 by German submarine </td></tr> <tr> <td>HMAFV <i>Adastral</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">Seaplane depot ship</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ex <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Fife_Ness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Fife Ness (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Fife Ness</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Beachy_Head-class_repair_ship" title="Beachy Head-class repair ship"><i>Beachy Head</i>-class repair ship</a>, on conversion served as HMAVFS <i>Adastral</i> 1947-1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HMAFV <i>Bridport</i></td> <td>Long Range Rescue Craft</td> <td>162 ft (49 m)</td> <td>605 tons</td> <td></td> <td>16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)</td> <td></td> <td>1940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Denny_and_Brothers" title="William Denny and Brothers">William Denny and Brothers</a></td> <td>J50 ex Royal Navy <a href="/wiki/Bangor-class_minesweeper" title="Bangor-class minesweeper"><i>Bangor</i>-class minesweeper</a> handed over 1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HMAFV <i>Bridlngton</i></td> <td>Long Range Rescue Craft</td> <td>162 feet</td> <td>605 tons</td> <td></td> <td>16 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Denny_and_Brothers" title="William Denny and Brothers">William Denny and Brothers</a></td> <td>J65 ex Royal Navy <i>Bangor</i>-class minesweeper handed over 1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>RAFV <i>Seal</i><sup id="cite_ref-Seal_Class_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seal_Class-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i>Seal</i>-class Long Range Recovery and Support Craft</td> <td>120 ft (37 m)</td> <td>158 tons full load</td> <td>17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)</td> <td>25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)</td> <td>950 mi (1,530 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph), 2,200 mi (3,500 km) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)</td> <td>1967</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Marine" title="Brooke Marine">Brooke Marine</a></td> <td>Was to have been the lead ship of a class of ten, curtailed after three were built. </td></tr> <tr> <td>RAFV <i>Seagull</i><sup id="cite_ref-Seal_Class_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seal_Class-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i>Seal</i>-class Long Range Recovery and Support Craft</td> <td>120 feet</td> <td>158 tons full load</td> <td>17 knots</td> <td>25 knots</td> <td>950 miles at 20 knots, 2,200 miles at 12 knots.</td> <td>1969</td> <td>Fairmile</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>RAFV <i>Sea Otter</i><sup id="cite_ref-Seal_Class_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seal_Class-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i>Seal</i>-class Long Range Recovery and Support Craft</td> <td>120 feet</td> <td>158 tons full load</td> <td>17 knots</td> <td>25 knots</td> <td>950 miles at 20 knots<br />2,200 miles at 12 knots.</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Fairmile</td> <td>Transferred to Royal Navy as <a href="/wiki/HMS_Redpole_(P259)" title="HMS Redpole (P259)">HMS <i>Redpole</i></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>RAF Marine Craft Section boats </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left; width:10%;">Class/Name </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:10%;">Designation </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:5%;">Number </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Length </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:5%;">Displacement </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:5%;">Cruising speed </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:5%;">Top speed </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:9%;">Range </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:8%;">Year(s) built </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:10%;">Builder </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:25%;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>ST-200 Mk1</td> <td>Seaplane Tender</td> <td>104</td> <td>37.5 ft<br />(11.4 m)</td> <td>4.5 tons</td> <td>24 knots</td> <td>29 knots</td> <td>140 miles at 24 knots</td> <td>1931</td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Power_Boat_Company" title="British Power Boat Company">British Power Boat Company</a></td> <td>Some converted into fire floats(<a href="/wiki/Fireboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireboats">fireboats</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>HSL100 Type 1</td> <td>High Speed Launch</td> <td>22</td> <td>64 ft<br />(20 m)</td> <td>19 tons</td> <td></td> <td>35 knots</td> <td>500 miles</td> <td>1936</td> <td>British Power Boat Company</td> <td>First of the RAF HSLs, in light of combat experience, contract for further craft cancelled in favour of the Type 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Type_Two_63_ft_HSL" title="Type Two 63 ft HSL">HSL100 Type 2</a></td> <td>High Speed Launch</td> <td>69</td> <td>63 ft<br />(19 m)</td> <td>21.5 tons</td> <td></td> <td>39 Knots</td> <td></td> <td>1940-1942</td> <td>British Power Boat Company</td> <td>Popularly known as the "Whaleback" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canadian Power Boat Company 70 ft HSL</td> <td>High Speed Launch</td> <td>11</td> <td>70 ft<br />(21 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>42 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1941</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Power_Boat_Company" title="Canadian Power Boat Company">Canadian Power Boat Company</a></td> <td>Canadian subsidiary of the BPBC, building related designs </td></tr> <tr> <td>British Power Boat <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">41<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ft ST</td> <td>Seaplane Tender</td> <td>67</td> <td>41 ft 6 in<br />(12.65 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>23 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1941-4</td> <td>British Power Boat Company</td> <td>Used as a general purpose utility craft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Groves and Gutteridge</td> <td>General Service <a href="/wiki/Pinnace_(ship%27s_boat)" title="Pinnace (ship's boat)">Pinnace</a></td> <td>200</td> <td>60 ft<br />(18 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>13-17 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1941-4</td> <td>Groves & Gutteridge</td> <td>Designed to replace 56 foot Admiralty type, top speed depended on which engines were fitted, either 3x102hp or 3x130hp engines </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thorneycroft Whaleback</td> <td>Whaleback High Speed Launch</td> <td>105</td> <td>67 ft<br />(20 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>25-26 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1942-45</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_I._Thornycroft_%26_Company" title="John I. Thornycroft & Company">John I. Thornycroft & Company</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HSL Type Three 68 ft "Hants and Dorset"</td> <td>High Speed Launch</td> <td>91</td> <td>68 ft<br />(21 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>28 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1942-5</td> <td>British Power Boat Company</td> <td>So called because of the large superstructure which was likened to a bus from <a href="/wiki/Hants_%26_Dorset_Motor_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Hants & Dorset Motor Services">Hants & Dorset Motor Services</a>, the local bus company. Became the cornerstone of the post-war ASRUs when other HSLs were demobilised. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miami</td> <td>High Speed Launch</td> <td>39</td> <td>63 ft<br />(19 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>33 knots</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami_Shipbuilding_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Shipbuilding Company">Miami Shipbuilding Company</a></td> <td>Supplied under Lend-Lease mostly deployed in the Mediterranean, around Africa and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vosper 73 ft HSL</td> <td>High Speed Launch</td> <td>15</td> <td>73 ft<br />(22 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>27 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vosper_%26_Company" title="Vosper & Company">Vosper & Company</a></td> <td>Based on the hull of the Fairmile D, acquired for operation in the Western approaches and farther out to sea, better seakeeping than other HSLs but considered slow by crews used to the whalebacks. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fairmile 115 ft LRRC</td> <td>Long Range Rescue Craft</td> <td>40</td> <td>115 ft<br />(35 m)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>33 knots</td> <td></td> <td>1943-4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairmile_Marine" title="Fairmile Marine">Fairmile Marine</a></td> <td>based on the hull of the <a href="/wiki/Fairmile_D_motor_torpedo_boat" title="Fairmile D motor torpedo boat">Fairmile D motor torpedo boat</a>, acquired for operation in Far East </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 foot RSL</td> <td>Range Safety Launch</td> <td>27</td> <td>43 ft<br />(13 m)</td> <td>12 tons</td> <td></td> <td>20 knots</td> <td>200 miles</td> <td>1953-56</td> <td>various</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>RTTL Mk II<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Rescue & Target Towing Launch</td> <td></td> <td>68 ft<br />(21 m)</td> <td>34 tons</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1956</td> <td>Vosper</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interservice_rivalry" title="Interservice rivalry">Interservice rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bridlington" title="RAF Bridlington">RAF Bridlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Regiment" title="RAF Regiment">RAF Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of ships of the United States Air Force">List of ships of the United States Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Shall_Not_Have_Them" title="The Sea Shall Not Have Them">The Sea Shall Not Have Them</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Those_in_Peril_(1944_film)" title="For Those in Peril (1944 film)">For Those in Peril (1944 film)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RAFASRS1918-1986-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAFASRS1918-1986_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSutherlandCanwell2010" class="citation book cs1">Sutherland, Jon; Canwell, Diane (2010). <i>The RAF Air Sea Rescue Service 1918-1986</i>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184884303-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-184884303-5"><bdi>978-184884303-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+RAF+Air+Sea+Rescue+Service+1918-1986&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-184884303-5&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Canwell%2C+Diane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmpt.org.uk/other_boats_history/HSL-102/index.htm">"HSL-102 - 64 ft High Speed Launch"</a>. <i>British Military Powerboat Trust</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Military+Powerboat+Trust&rft.atitle=HSL-102+-+64+ft+High+Speed+Launch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmpt.org.uk%2Fother_boats_history%2FHSL-102%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journal40-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Journal40_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journal40_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journal40_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journal40_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Air_Force_Historical_Society2007" class="citation journal cs1">Royal Air Force Historical Society (2007). "Journal 40". <i>Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1361-4231">1361-4231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal&rft.atitle=Journal+40&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=1361-4231&rft.au=Royal+Air+Force+Historical+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218162855/http://www.rafnews.co.uk/readstory.asp?storyID=774">"A force for good that's saved 1000s of lives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RAF_News" title="RAF News">RAF News</a></i>. 28 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafnews.co.uk/readstory.asp?storyID=774&returnto=search.asp&page=4&departmentID=36&categoryID=&search=">the original</a> on 18 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RAF+News&rft.atitle=A+force+for+good+that%27s+saved+1000s+of+lives&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafnews.co.uk%2Freadstory.asp%3FstoryID%3D774%26returnto%3Dsearch.asp%26page%3D4%26departmentID%3D36%26categoryID%3D%26search%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondon2003" class="citation book cs1">London, Peter (2003). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishflyingboa00lond"><i>British Flying Boats</i></a></span>. Sutton Publishers Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishflyingboa00lond/page/n95">182</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-2695-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-2695-3"><bdi>0-7509-2695-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Flying+Boats&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7509-2695-3&rft.aulast=London&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishflyingboa00lond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niwarmemorial.org/collections/blog/royal-air-force-marine-craft">"Royal Air Force Marine Craft"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Air+Force+Marine+Craft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niwarmemorial.org%2Fcollections%2Fblog%2Froyal-air-force-marine-craft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafboats.co.uk/gallery/rttl/4002/">"4002 Picture Gallery"</a>. <i>RAF Boats 1918 - 1986</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAF+Boats+1918+-+1986&rft.atitle=4002+Picture+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafboats.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Frttl%2F4002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafboats.co.uk/rttl3.html">"RESCUE & TARGET TOWING LAUNCH Mk.3"</a>. <i>RAF Boats 1918 - 1986</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAF+Boats+1918+-+1986&rft.atitle=RESCUE+%26+TARGET+TOWING+LAUNCH+Mk.3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafboats.co.uk%2Frttl3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafboats.co.uk/rttl3spec.html">"RESCUE & TARGET TOWING LAUNCH Mk.3 Specifications"</a>. <i>RAF Boats 1918 - 1986</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAF+Boats+1918+-+1986&rft.atitle=RESCUE+%26+TARGET+TOWING+LAUNCH+Mk.3+Specifications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafboats.co.uk%2Frttl3spec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seal_Class-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seal_Class_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seal_Class_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seal_Class_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berwickshipyard.com/Seal%20Class.html">"Seal Class Long Range Recovery and Support Craft"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seal+Class+Long+Range+Recovery+and+Support+Craft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berwickshipyard.com%2FSeal%2520Class.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navigator.rafmuseum.org/results.do?id=74357&db=object&pageSize=1&view=detail">"RAF Museum Collections"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RAF+Museum+Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnavigator.rafmuseum.org%2Fresults.do%3Fid%3D74357%26db%3Dobject%26pageSize%3D1%26view%3Ddetail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1989" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Richard (1989). "Question 18/87". <i>Warship International</i>. <b>XXVI</b> (3): 310–311. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-0374">0043-0374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warship+International&rft.atitle=Question+18%2F87&rft.volume=XXVI&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=310-311&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0043-0374&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmytheCaruana1988" class="citation journal cs1">Smythe, A. J. & Caruana, Joseph (1988). "Question 18/87". <i>Warship International</i>. <b>XXV</b> (3): 315. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-0374">0043-0374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warship+International&rft.atitle=Question+18%2F87&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=315&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0043-0374&rft.aulast=Smythe&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.au=Caruana%2C+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Air+Force+Marine+Branch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Marine_Branch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">formations<br />and units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_commands" title="List of Royal Air Force commands">Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_groups" title="List of Royal Air Force groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wings_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of wings of the Royal Air Force">Wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons">Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_aircraft_independent_flights" title="List of Royal Air Force aircraft independent flights">Flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conversion_units_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of conversion units of the Royal Air Force">Conversion units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_Operational_Training_Units" title="List of Royal Air Force Operational Training Units">Operational Training units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_schools" title="List of Royal Air Force schools">Schools / Training units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ferry_units_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of ferry units of the Royal Air Force">Ferry units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_Glider_units" title="List of Royal Air Force Glider units">Glider units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_units_%26_establishments" title="List of Royal Air Force units & establishments">Misc units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_stations" title="List of Royal Air Force stations">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Royal_Air_Force_stations" title="List of former Royal Air Force stations">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_Satellite_Landing_Grounds" title="List of Royal Air Force Satellite Landing Grounds">Satellite Landing Grounds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Regiment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAF_Regiment_units" title="List of RAF Regiment units">Wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAF_Regiment_units" title="List of RAF Regiment units">Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAF_Regiment_units" title="List of RAF Regiment units">Flights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">branches and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Board" title="Air Force Board">Air Force Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Regiment" title="RAF Regiment">RAF Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Chaplains_Branch" title="Royal Air Force Chaplains Branch">RAF Chaplains Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Intelligence" title="RAF Intelligence">RAF Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Legal_Branch" title="RAF Legal Branch">RAF Legal Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Medical_Services" title="RAF Medical Services">RAF Medical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mary%27s_Royal_Air_Force_Nursing_Service" title="Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service">Princess Mary's RAF Nursing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Police" title="Royal Air Force Police">RAF Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_ground_trades" title="List of Royal Air Force ground trades">RAF ground trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Music_Services" title="Royal Air Force Music Services">RAF Music Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Search_and_Rescue_Force" title="RAF Search and Rescue Force">RAF Search and Rescue Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Mountain_Rescue_Service" title="Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service">RAF Mountain Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RAF Marine Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Air_Cadets" title="Royal Air Force Air Cadets">RAF Air Cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_operations" title="List of Royal Air Force operations">Operations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">reserve forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Auxiliary_Air_Force" title="Royal Auxiliary Air Force">Royal Auxiliary Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Volunteer_Reserve" title="Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve">RAF Volunteer Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force">List of RAF aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_United_Kingdom_military_aircraft" title="List of active United Kingdom military aircraft">current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Future of the Royal Air Force">future</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles_of_the_RAF" title="List of missiles of the RAF">List of RAF missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_RAF_Regiment" title="List of equipment of the RAF Regiment">List of equipment of the RAF Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_officer_ranks" title="RAF officer ranks">Officer ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_other_ranks" title="RAF other ranks">Other ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_personnel" title="List of Royal Air Force personnel">List of notable personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_senior_officers_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of serving senior officers of the Royal Air Force">List of serving senior officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_numbers_in_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Personnel numbers in the Royal Air Force">Personnel numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">appointments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff" title="Assistant Chief of the Air Staff">Assistant Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Member_for_Personnel" title="Air Member for Personnel">Air Member for Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Secretary" title="Air Secretary">Air Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Member_for_Materiel" title="Air Member for Materiel">Air Member for Materiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant-General_of_the_RAF_Regiment" title="Commandant-General of the RAF Regiment">Commandant-General of the RAF Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Warrant Officer of the Royal Air Force">Warrant Officer of the RAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">symbols and uniform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Ensign" title="Royal Air Force Ensign">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Badge of the Royal Air Force">Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_roundels" title="Royal Air Force roundels">Roundels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the Royal Air Force">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badges_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Heraldic badges of the Royal Air Force">Heraldic badges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">associated civil<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Corps" title="Air Training Corps">Air Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Cadet_Force" title="Combined Cadet Force">Combined Cadet Force (RAF section)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Forces_Association" title="Royal Air Forces Association">RAF Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Centre_of_Aviation_Medicine" title="RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine">RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Benevolent_Fund" title="RAF Benevolent Fund">RAF Benevolent Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Football_Association" title="Royal Air Force Football Association">RAF Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum" title="Royal Air Force Museum">RAF Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="History of the Royal Air Force">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Timeline of the Royal Air Force">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Future of the Royal Air Force">future</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Air_Force" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Royal Air Force">commons</a></li></ul> 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