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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Father of Zhu Yuanzhang</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Zhu Shizhen<br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱世珍</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sculptures_of_the_mausoleum_of_Zhu_Shizhen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sculptures_of_the_mausoleum_of_Zhu_Shizhen.jpg/250px-Sculptures_of_the_mausoleum_of_Zhu_Shizhen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sculptures_of_the_mausoleum_of_Zhu_Shizhen.jpg/330px-Sculptures_of_the_mausoleum_of_Zhu_Shizhen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sculptures_of_the_mausoleum_of_Zhu_Shizhen.jpg/500px-Sculptures_of_the_mausoleum_of_Zhu_Shizhen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Tomb of Zhu Shizhen in <a href="/wiki/Fengyang_County" title="Fengyang County">Fengyang County</a>, Chuzhou, Anhui</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Zhu Wusi<br />1281<br />Jurong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1344</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Ming Imperial Mausoleum (<span lang="zh">明皇陵</span>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Fengyang_County" title="Fengyang County">Fengyang</a>, Anhui)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Empress Chun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Family">Detail</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Zhu Shizhen</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Emperor Chun<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Renzu<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Zhu Chuyi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Empress Yu</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">朱世珍</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhū Shìzhēn</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Zhu Wusi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">朱五四</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhū Wǔsì</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zhu Shizhen</b> (1281–1344), born <b>Zhu Wusi</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Beiji_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beiji-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a native of Jurong (present-day <a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong, Jiangsu</a>), was the father of <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yuanzhang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Yuanzhang">Zhu Yuanzhang</a>, the founding emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003542Hung201621_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003542Hung201621-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zhu family originally lived in <a href="/wiki/Pei_County" title="Pei County">Pei</a> but later relocated to Jurong. Zhu Shizhen's father, Zhu Chuyi, then moved to Xuyi in <a href="/wiki/Si_Prefecture" title="Si Prefecture">Si Prefecture</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Xuyi_County" title="Xuyi County">Xuyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), and Zhu Shizhen himself later moved to Zhongli in <a href="/wiki/Hao_Prefecture" title="Hao Prefecture">Haozhou</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Fengyang_County" title="Fengyang County">Fengyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaizu_ShiluVol._1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaizu_ShiluVol._1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zhu Shizhen was member of the impoverished peasant class. In 1344 there was a great drought in <a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a>, and his entire family died of starvation, save for two of his sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003541–542Mote198844Hung20161,_21_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003541–542Mote198844Hung20161,_21-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1363, <a href="/wiki/Han_Lin%27er" title="Han Lin'er">Han Lin'er</a> posthumously accorded Zhu Wusi the titles Executor and Assistant Minister of the Three Offices (<span lang="zh-Hant">開府儀同三司</span>), Senior Pillar of the State (<span lang="zh-Hant">上柱國</span>), Head of Privy Councilor for Extraordinary Affairs (<span lang="zh-Hant">錄軍國重事</span>), Right Chancellor of the Central Secretariat (<span lang="zh-Hant">中書右丞相</span>), Grand Commandant (<span lang="zh-Hant">太尉</span>), and Duke of Wu (<span lang="zh-Hant">吳國公</span>). His wife, Lady Chen, was posthumously accorded the title Duchess (<span lang="zh">公夫人</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanshan_tang_bie_jiVol._6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanshan_tang_bie_jiVol._6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> and posthumously honoured Zhu Shizhen as emperor, with the <a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">temple name</a> <b>Renzu</b> (<span lang="zh">仁祖</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a> <b>Emperor Chun</b> (<span lang="zh">淳皇帝</span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consorts_and_issue">Consorts and issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Consorts and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Empress Chun, of the Chen clan (<span lang="zh-Hant">淳皇后陳氏</span>; 1286–1344)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuoquePreface_1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuoquePreface_1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Zhu Chongsi (Zhu Xinglong), Prince of Nanchang (<span lang="zh-Hant">南昌王朱重四 (朱興隆)</span>; 1307–1344), first son<sup id="cite_ref-Beiji_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beiji-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zhu Chongliu (Zhu Xingsheng), Prince of Xuyi (<span lang="zh-Hant">盱眙王朱重六 (朱興盛)</span>; ?–?), second son<sup id="cite_ref-Beiji_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beiji-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zhu Chongqi (Zhu Xingzu), Prince of Linhuai (<span lang="zh-Hant">臨淮王朱重七 (朱興祖)</span>; ?–?), third son<sup id="cite_ref-Beiji_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beiji-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zhu Chongba (Zhu Xingzong, Zhu Yuanzhang), the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> (<span lang="zh-Hant">洪武帝朱重八 (朱興宗, 朱元璋)</span>; 21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), fourth son<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Princess Taiyuan (<span lang="zh-Hant">太原長公主</span>), first daughter<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Wang Qiyi (<span lang="zh">王七一</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Grand Princess of Cao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">曹國長公主</span></span>; 1317–1351), personal name Fonü (<span lang="zh">佛女</span>), second daughter<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGong2018296–301_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGong2018296–301-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Li Zhen (<span lang="zh-Hant">李貞</span>; 1304–1379), and had issue (one son)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">淳皇帝</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chún Huángdì</span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">仁祖</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Rénzǔ</span></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Beiji-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beiji_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beiji_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beiji_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beiji_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:zh:朱氏世德碑记"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E6%9C%B1%E6%B0%8F%E4%B8%96%E5%BE%B7%E7%A2%91%E8%AE%B0"><i>明太祖御制朱氏世德碑记</i> </a></span> (in Literary Chinese) – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96%E5%BE%A1%E5%88%B6%E6%9C%B1%E6%B0%8F%E4%B8%96%E5%BE%B7%E7%A2%91%E8%AE%B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003542Hung201621-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003542Hung201621_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMote2003">Mote 2003</a>, p. 542; <a href="#CITEREFHung2016">Hung 2016</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaizu_ShiluVol._1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaizu_ShiluVol._1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaizu_Shilu">Taizu Shilu</a>, Vol. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003541–542Mote198844Hung20161,_21-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003541–542Mote198844Hung20161,_21_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMote2003">Mote 2003</a>, pp. 541–542; <a href="#CITEREFMote1988">Mote 1988</a>, p. 44; <a href="#CITEREFHung2016">Hung 2016</a>, pp. 1, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanshan_tang_bie_jiVol._6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanshan_tang_bie_jiVol._6_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYanshan_tang_bie_ji">Yanshan tang bie ji</a>, Vol. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHistory_of_Ming">History of Ming</a>, Vol. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuoquePreface_1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuoquePreface_1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuoque">Guoque</a>, Preface 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHistory_of_Ming">History of Ming</a>, Vol. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._116_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHistory_of_Ming">History of Ming</a>, Vol. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_MingVol._121_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHistory_of_Ming">History of Ming</a>, Vol. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGong2018296–301-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGong2018296–301_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGong2018">Gong (2018)</a>, pp. 296–301.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-modern_sources">Pre-modern sources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pre-modern sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaizu_Shilu" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><i>Taizu Shilu</i> <bdi lang="zh">太祖實錄</bdi> [<i>Veritable Records of Emperor Taizu</i>] (in Literary Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taizu+Shilu+%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuoque" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Tan, Qian (1647). <i>Guoque</i> <bdi lang="zh">國榷</bdi> [<i>Discussions about the state</i>] (in Literary Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guoque+%E5%9C%8B%E6%A6%B7&rft.date=1647&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Qian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYanshan_tang_bie_ji" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Wang, Shizhen. <i>Yan shan tang bie ji</i> <bdi lang="zh">弇山堂別集</bdi> [<i>Yanshan Hall Collection</i>] (in Literary Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yan+shan+tang+bie+ji+%E5%BC%87%E5%B1%B1%E5%A0%82%E5%88%A5%E9%9B%86&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Shizhen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHistory_of_Ming" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Tingyu" title="Zhang Tingyu">Zhang, Tingyu</a> (1739). <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming"><i>Ming Shi</i> <bdi lang="zh">明史</bdi></a> [<i>History of Ming</i>] (in Literary Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ming+Shi+%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=1739&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Tingyu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_sources">Modern sources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGong2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gong, Faqin (2018). <i>Mingguang shihua</i> <bdi lang="zh">明光史话</bdi> (in Chinese). Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787539663111" title="Special:BookSources/9787539663111"><bdi>9787539663111</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mingguang+shihua+%E6%98%8E%E5%85%89%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%9D&rft.pub=Anhui+Literature+and+Art+Publishing+House&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9787539663111&rft.aulast=Gong&rft.aufirst=Faqin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHung2016" class="citation book cs1">Hung, Hing Ming (2016). <i>From the Mongols to the Ming Dynasty: How a Begging Monk Became Emperor of China, Zhu Yuan Zhang</i>. New York: Algora Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781628941524" title="Special:BookSources/9781628941524"><bdi>9781628941524</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Mongols+to+the+Ming+Dynasty%3A+How+a+Begging+Monk+Became+Emperor+of+China%2C+Zhu+Yuan+Zhang&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781628941524&rft.aulast=Hung&rft.aufirst=Hing+Ming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMote1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Mote" title="Frederick W. Mote">Mote, Frederick W</a> (1988). "The rise of the Ming dynasty, 1330–1367". In Mote, Frederick W.; <a href="/wiki/Denis_Twitchett" title="Denis Twitchett">Twitchett, Denis C</a> (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521243327" title="Special:BookSources/0521243327"><bdi>0521243327</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+the+Ming+dynasty%2C+1330%E2%80%931367&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China+Volume+7%3A+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368%E2%80%931644%2C+Part+1&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0521243327&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMote2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Mote" title="Frederick W. Mote">Mote, Frederick W.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SQWW7QgUH4gC&pg=PA727"><i>Imperial China 900-1800</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01212-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China+900-1800&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01212-7&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSQWW7QgUH4gC%26pg%3DPA727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhu+Shizhen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&oldid=1280224505">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Shizhen&oldid=1280224505</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1281_births" title="Category:1281 births">1281 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1344_deaths" title="Category:1344 deaths">1344 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yuan_dynasty_people" title="Category:Yuan dynasty people">Yuan dynasty people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ming_dynasty_posthumous_emperors" title="Category:Ming dynasty posthumous emperors">Ming dynasty posthumous emperors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Category:People from Jurong, Jiangsu">People from Jurong, Jiangsu</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources_(ISO_639-2)" title="Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)">CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Chinese-language_script_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)">CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 March 2025, at 08:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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