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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1577" title="المذنب الكبير لعام 1577 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المذنب الكبير لعام 1577" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81_(%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AD)" title="মহা ধূমকেতু (১৫৭৭) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহা ধূমকেতু (১৫৭৭)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(1577)" title="Голяма комета (1577) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Голяма комета (1577)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_kometa_z_roku_1577" title="Velká kometa z roku 1577 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velká kometa z roku 1577" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1577_V1" title="C/1577 V1 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="C/1577 V1" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_1577" title="Μέγας Κομήτης του 1577 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέγας Κομήτης του 1577" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Cometa_de_1577" title="Gran Cometa de 1577 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Cometa de 1577" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1577_V1" title="C/1577 V1 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="C/1577 V1" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1577%EB%85%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%98%9C%EC%84%B1" title="1577년의 대혜성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1577년의 대혜성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Cometa_del_1577" title="Grande Cometa del 1577 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grande Cometa del 1577" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%9C_1577" title="השביט הגדול של 1577 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השביט הגדול של 1577" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1577_V1" title="C/1577 V1 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="C/1577 V1" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Cometa_de_1577" title="Grande Cometa de 1577 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grande Cometa de 1577" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1577_V1" title="C/1577 V1 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="C/1577 V1" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_kom%C3%A9ta_roku_1577" title="Veľká kométa roku 1577 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veľká kométa roku 1577" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_komet_iz_leta_1577" title="Veliki komet iz leta 1577 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Veliki komet iz leta 1577" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_komet_1577." title="Veliki komet 1577. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veliki komet 1577." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1577_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Kuyruklu_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z%C4%B1" title="1577 Büyük Kuyruklu Yıldızı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1577 Büyük Kuyruklu Yıldızı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_1577_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Велика комета 1577 року – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Велика комета 1577 року" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_ch%E1%BB%95i_l%E1%BB%9Bn_n%C4%83m_1577" title="Sao chổi lớn năm 1577 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">C/1577 V1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Von_einem_Schrecklichen_vnd_Wunderbarlichen_Cometen_so_sich_den_Dienstag_nach_Martini_dieses_lauffenden_M._D._Lxxvij._Jahrs_am_Himmel_erzeiget_hat_(grayscale).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Von_einem_Schrecklichen_vnd_Wunderbarlichen_Cometen_so_sich_den_Dienstag_nach_Martini_dieses_lauffenden_M._D._Lxxvij._Jahrs_am_Himmel_erzeiget_hat_%28grayscale%29.png/290px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Von_einem_Schrecklichen_vnd_Wunderbarlichen_Cometen_so_sich_den_Dienstag_nach_Martini_dieses_lauffenden_M._D._Lxxvij._Jahrs_am_Himmel_erzeiget_hat_%28grayscale%29.png/435px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Von_einem_Schrecklichen_vnd_Wunderbarlichen_Cometen_so_sich_den_Dienstag_nach_Martini_dieses_lauffenden_M._D._Lxxvij._Jahrs_am_Himmel_erzeiget_hat_%28grayscale%29.png/580px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="4814" data-file-height="3546" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.2em;">The Great Comet of 1577, seen over <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> on November 12. Engraving made by Jiri Daschitzky.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFE0C2">Discovery</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1577</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFE0C2">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">Alternative designations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Great Comet of 1577</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFE0C2"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><sup id="cite_ref-jpl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">Observation arc</a></th><td class="infobox-data">74 days</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;">Number of<br />observations</th><td class="infobox-data">24</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.1775 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">~1.000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">104.883°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of<br />ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">31.237°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of<br />periapsis</a></th><td class="infobox-data">255.673°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;">Last perihelion</th><td class="infobox-data">27 October 1577</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFE0C2"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span> Physical characteristics<sup id="cite_ref-kidger_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kidger-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPL2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Cometary_magnitudes" title="Absolute magnitude">Comet total<br />magnitude</a> (M1)</th><td class="infobox-data">–1.8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">–3.0<br /><small>(1577 apparition)</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Great Comet of 1577</b> (designated as <b>C/1577 V1</b> in modern nomenclature)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a non-periodic <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> that passed close to <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> with first observation being possible in Peru on November 1 1577.<sup id="cite_ref-comet15773_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comet15773-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Final observation was made on January 26, 1578. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> was one the most distinguished observers of this comet, making thousands of precise measurements about it. The observations made by Brahe led him to believe the comet was outside of the orbit of the sun and moon.<sup id="cite_ref-hist3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were many independent observers of the comet from across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many had different explanations for the comet. Some, such as <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Sultan Murad III</a>, saw the comet as an evil omen.<sup id="cite_ref-addin3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-addin3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others took a scientific approach, like <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maestlin" title="Michael Maestlin">Michael Mästlin</a> who used the comet to fill gaps in Copernicus's model of the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It inspired artists, like Jiri Dschitzky, who made an engraving of the comet as it passed over Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, using <a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons" class="mw-redirect" title="JPL Horizons">JPL Horizons</a>, it is believed that the comet is 324 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> (48.5 billion km) from the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-Horizons2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horizons2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observations_by_Tycho_Brahe">Observations by Tycho Brahe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Comet_of_1577&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Observations by Tycho Brahe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H._J._Helden,_Ferrara_distrutta_dal_terremoto_del_1570.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/H._J._Helden%2C_Ferrara_distrutta_dal_terremoto_del_1570.jpg/220px-H._J._Helden%2C_Ferrara_distrutta_dal_terremoto_del_1570.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/H._J._Helden%2C_Ferrara_distrutta_dal_terremoto_del_1570.jpg/330px-H._J._Helden%2C_Ferrara_distrutta_dal_terremoto_del_1570.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/H._J._Helden%2C_Ferrara_distrutta_dal_terremoto_del_1570.jpg/440px-H._J._Helden%2C_Ferrara_distrutta_dal_terremoto_del_1570.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3988" data-file-height="2307" /></a><figcaption>The city of <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> and the Great Comet of 1577. Ferrara's economy collapsed due to the <a href="/wiki/1570_Ferrara_earthquake" title="1570 Ferrara earthquake">1570 earthquake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tycho Brahe, who is said to have first viewed the comet slightly before sunset on November 13<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after having returned from a day of fishing,<sup id="cite_ref-hist_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the most distinguished observer and documenter of the comet's passing. </p><p>Sketches found in one of Brahe's notebooks seem to indicate that the comet travelled close to <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>. These sketches depict the Earth at the centre of the Solar System, with the Sun and moon in orbit and the other planets revolving around the Sun, a model that was later displaced by <a href="/wiki/Heliocentricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliocentricity">heliocentricity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-run_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brahe made thousands of very precise measurements of the comet's path, and these findings contributed to <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>'s theorizing of the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_planetary_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of planetary motion">laws of planetary motion</a> and realization that the planets moved in elliptical orbits.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brahe made these measurements using a 16 inch radius quadrant, which he used to measure the altitude and azimuth of the comet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to compare to the comet to known stationary celestial objects Brahe used a simple sextant which was simply a graduated sixth of a circle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kepler, who was Brahe's assistant during his time in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, believed that the comet's behavior and existence was proof enough to displace the theory of <a href="/wiki/Celestial_spheres" title="Celestial spheres">celestial spheres</a>, although this view turned out to be overly optimistic about the pace of change.<sup id="cite_ref-Seargent,_p._107_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seargent,_p._107-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C_1577_V1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/C_1577_V1.png/260px-C_1577_V1.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/C_1577_V1.png/390px-C_1577_V1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/C_1577_V1.png/520px-C_1577_V1.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>In 2013 the distance between the Sun and comet C/1577 V1 was about 320 AU.<sup id="cite_ref-Horizons_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horizons-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Brahe's discovery that the comet's <a href="/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coma (cometary)">coma</a> faced away from the Sun was also significant. </p><p>One failing of Brahe's measurements was in exactly how far out of the atmosphere the comet was, and he was unable to supply meaningful and correct figures for this distance;<sup id="cite_ref-Gal_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gal-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, he was, at least, successful in proving that the comet was beyond the orbit of the Moon about the Earth,<sup id="cite_ref-hist_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, further to this, was probably near three times further away.<sup id="cite_ref-Seargent,_p._107_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seargent,_p._107-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did this by comparing the position of the comet in the night sky where he observed it (the island <a href="/wiki/Hven" class="mw-redirect" title="Hven">Hven</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>) with the position observed by Thadaeus <a href="/wiki/Hagecius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagecius">Hagecius</a> (Tadeáš Hájek) in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> at the same time, giving deliberate consideration to the movement of the Moon. It was discovered that, while the comet was in approximately the same place for both of them, the Moon was not, and this meant that the comet was much further out.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brahe's finding that comets were heavenly objects, while widely accepted, was the cause of debate up until and during the seventeenth century, with many theories circulating within the astronomical community. <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> claimed that comets were optical <a href="/wiki/Phenomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenomena">phenomena</a>, and that this made their <a href="/wiki/Parallax" title="Parallax">parallaxes</a> impossible to measure. However, his hypothesis was not widely accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-Gal_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gal-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahe2.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Tycho Brahe"><img alt="Tycho Brahe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Brahe2.gif/184px-Brahe2.gif" decoding="async" width="184" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Brahe2.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tycho Brahe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahe_notebook.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Observations by Brahe of the Great Comet of 1577"><img alt="Observations by Brahe of the Great Comet of 1577" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Brahe_notebook.jpg/185px-Brahe_notebook.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Brahe_notebook.jpg/278px-Brahe_notebook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Brahe_notebook.jpg/370px-Brahe_notebook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Observations by Brahe of the Great Comet of 1577</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Goodricke_of_Ribston_by_Ketel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard Goodricke, by Cornelis Ketel c.1578, with comet top right."><img alt="Richard Goodricke, by Cornelis Ketel c.1578, with comet top right." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Richard_Goodricke_of_Ribston_by_Ketel.jpg/180px-Richard_Goodricke_of_Ribston_by_Ketel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Richard_Goodricke_of_Ribston_by_Ketel.jpg/271px-Richard_Goodricke_of_Ribston_by_Ketel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Richard_Goodricke_of_Ribston_by_Ketel.jpg/361px-Richard_Goodricke_of_Ribston_by_Ketel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Richard Goodricke, by Cornelis Ketel c.1578, with comet top right.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observations_around_the_World">Observations around the World</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Comet_of_1577&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Observations around the World"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using all the records to estimate the orbit, it seems that the perihelion was on October 27. The first recorded observation is from Peru on November 1:<sup id="cite_ref-comet1577_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comet1577-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the accounts noted that it was seen through the clouds like the Moon. It is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Aubin" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Aubin">Codex Aubin</a> as appearing on Wednesday 6 November 1577 as a “smoking star” in the <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a>-language text of folio 60v. On November 7, in <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, architect <a href="/wiki/Pirro_Ligorio" title="Pirro Ligorio">Pirro Ligorio</a> described "the comet shimmering from a burning fire inside the dazzling cloud."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 8, it was reported by Japanese astronomers with a Moon-like brightness and a white tail spanning over 60 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-comet1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comet1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-comet1577_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comet1577-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several other observers<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded seeing the comet: The astronomer <a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_Muhammad_ibn_Ma%27ruf" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf">Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf</a><sup id="cite_ref-Unver_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unver-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded the passage of the comet. The Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a> saw these observations as a bad omen for the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1578%E2%80%9390)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90)">war</a> and blamed al-Din for the plague which spread at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-addin_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-addin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other observers include <a href="/wiki/Helisaeus_Roeslin" title="Helisaeus Roeslin">Helisaeus Roeslin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Gemma" title="Cornelius Gemma">Cornelius Gemma</a>, who noted the comet had two tails<sup id="cite_ref-comet1577_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comet1577-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maestlin" title="Michael Maestlin">Michael Mästlin</a><sup id="cite_ref-mastlin_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mastlin-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also identified it as superlunary. This comet and the observation that it was traveling on the earth’s atmosphere was also what helped Maestlin to explain the gaps in Copernicus’s planetary system. According to Maestlin, a comet would carry its own orb, since he considered comets to be part of the heavenly objects. These orbs, he suggested, are what fill the gaps in Copernicus’s system.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally it was independently observed by Indian observers <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80rif_Qandah%C4%81r%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ārif Qandahārī (page does not exist)">Ārif Qandahārī</a> recorded the comet's passing and believed the comet influenced assassination of Shah Ismail of Persia, son of Shah tahmasp on 26 November 1577.<i><sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a> recorded the comet's passage in his <i><a href="/wiki/Akbarnama" title="Akbarnama">Akbarnama</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-comet15772_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comet15772-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> noting that the comet had a long tail and was visible for 5 months.<i><sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80rif_Qandah%C4%81r%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ārif Qandahārī (page does not exist)">Ārif Qandahārī</a></i> treated the comet as a brilliant sight and assigned no explicit evil.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his account of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81rikh-i_Akbar_Sh%C4%81h%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tārikh-i Akbar Shāhī (page does not exist)">Tārikh-i Akbar Shāhī</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-comet1577_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comet1577-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Described the comet as a bright star with many small fragments appearing like a Cyprus tree, becoming known as the long tailed star.<sup id="cite_ref-:33_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a young boy, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> was taken by his mother to see the comet.<sup id="cite_ref-Kepler's_University_Biography_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kepler's_University_Biography-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-How_Johannes_Kepler_revolutionized_astronomy_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Johannes_Kepler_revolutionized_astronomy-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_art_and_literature">In art and literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Comet_of_1577&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In art and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houghton_STC_1416_-_Cometographia,_1578.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Houghton_STC_1416_-_Cometographia%2C_1578.jpg/220px-Houghton_STC_1416_-_Cometographia%2C_1578.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Houghton_STC_1416_-_Cometographia%2C_1578.jpg/330px-Houghton_STC_1416_-_Cometographia%2C_1578.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Houghton_STC_1416_-_Cometographia%2C_1578.jpg/440px-Houghton_STC_1416_-_Cometographia%2C_1578.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption><i>Cometographia</i>, a book on the Great Comet of 1577, by Laurence Johnson</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> resulting from the passing of the comet was prolific, and these works, as well as the ideas presented by many astronomers, caused much controversy. However, the idea that comets were heavenly objects became a respected theory, and many took this concept to be true.<sup id="cite_ref-Gal_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gal-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Artwork</a> inspired by the event was also made—artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiri_Daschitzky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiri Daschitzky (page does not exist)">Jiri Daschitzky</a> made an engraving that was inspired by the passing of the comet over Prague on November 12, 1577. <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Ketel" title="Cornelis Ketel">Cornelis Ketel</a> painted the portrait of Richard Goodricke around 1578. Goodricke had reached adulthood in 1577 and apparently saw the comet as an omen and had it included in the painting. Roeslin also produced one of the more complex of the representations of the Great Comet, described as "an interesting, though crude, attempt".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Chaim Vital's book the <i>book of visions,</i> which is a book describing the meaning behind different dreams and omens, Vital simply describes the comet and offers no explanation as to what it could mean.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time there were also numerous comet tracts made of the comet as it went across the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were made by Tycho Brahe and numerous other <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomers</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also numerous prints in early newspapers called <a href="/wiki/Broadside_ballad" title="Broadside ballad">broadsides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These broadsides shared news about this comet to the general populace.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_references">Contemporary references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Comet_of_1577&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contemporary references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The comet was mentioned in the 17th century Vietnamese chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_s%E1%BB%AD_k%C3%BD_to%C3%A0n_th%C6%B0" title="Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư">Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư</a></i>, Book 17, part 1: "In November 1577 (lunar calendar), comet appears, pointing at the southeastern sky, its luminous tail is as long as 40 <a href="/wiki/Zh%C3%A0ng" title="Zhàng">zhàng</a> with rose and purple tint, everyone was frightened. On first date of December, the comet disappears". Due to this observation, King <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Th%E1%BA%BF_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lê Thế Tông">Lê Thế Tông</a> changed his <a href="/wiki/Era_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Era name">era name</a> to Quang Hưng (光興) meaning bright and rising in the next year, 1578. </p><p>The comet was also recorded by Chinese historians in <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming">History of Ming</a></i>, Book 27, Treatises, Astronomy part 3. </p><p>This comet was mentioned in the book entitled <i>Sêfer Chazionot – The Book Of Visions</i> by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Hayyim_ben_Joseph_Vital" title="Hayyim ben Joseph Vital">Hayyim ben Joseph Vital</a>: "1577. Rosh Hodesh Kislev (November 11), after sunrise, a large star with a long tail, pointing upward, was seen in the southwestern part of the sky. Part of the tail was also pointing eastward. It lingered there for three hours. Then it sank in the west behind the hills of Safed. This continued for more than fifty nights. On the fifteenth of Kislev, I went to live in Jerusalem". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the Great Comet was observed, and an account of its passing was later inserted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a></i>: "A wonderful star appeared in the south-east in the first month of winter: it had a curved bow-like tail, resembling bright lightning, the brilliancy of which illuminated the earth around, and the firmament above. This star was seen in every part of the west of Europe, and it was wondered at by all universally."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Northampton" title="Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton">Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton</a>, in his polemic <i>A defensative against the poyson of supposed prophesies</i> (1583, [sig. V iv]) described as an eyewitness the way <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I</a> responded to the comet: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"How many Comets have been seen within these five and twenty years, before and after which, her majesty hath ever increased, rather than appayred [adversely affected] the sound state of her body? I can affirm thus much, as a present witness by mine own experience· that when divers upon greater scrupulosity then cause, went about to dissuade her majesty (lying then at Richmond) from looking on the Comet which appeared last: with a courage answerable to the greatness of her state, she caused the window to be set open, and cast out this word [motto, quotation] <i>Iacta est alia</i> the dice are thrown, affirming that her steadfast hope and confidence was too firmly planted in the providence of God, to be blasted or affrighted with those beams, which either had a ground in nature whereupon to rise, or at least no warrant out of scripture, to portend the mishaps of Princes. Behold a woman and a Queen, which seem to be the kinds and callings, upon which the Comets (if Astrologers speak truth) are wont to prey: and yet not only she relenteth not to common fear, but insulteth rather upon common folly. That the Comets hinder not the lives of Princes, I have proved heretofore at large, and shall have opportunity likewise to confirm hereafter, but thus much I dare affirm, that albeit the malice of the same were no less to be feared then some think: yet her contented mind, her harmless thoughts, her temperance in diet, abstinence from excess of all things that offend, with moderation of exercise, were enough to verify that proverb which hath been rife of old, <i>Sapiens domabitur astris</i> [‘the wise subdue the stars’]."</p></blockquote> <p>Queen Elizabeth's audacity in demonstratively placing her trust in God's protection, rather than fearing the comet as a bad omen to princes such as her, was a significant rejection of comets as heavenly signs of misfortune to follow. The anecdote was cited in an anonymous pamphlet prompted by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1680" title="Great Comet of 1680">Great Comet of 1680</a>, <i>The Petitioning-comet, or, A Brief chronology of all the famous comets and their events that have happen'd from the birth of Christ, to this very day : together with a modest enquiry into this present comet.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Comet_of_1577&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jpl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpl_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=C%2F1577%20V1">"C/1577 V1 – JPL Small-Body Database Browser"</a>. <i>ssd.jpl.nasa.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icq.eps.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=COMET+NAMES+AND+DESIGNATIONS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icq.eps.harvard.edu%2Fnames1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comet15773-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-comet15773_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapoor2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kapoor, R. C. (2015). "Abū'l Faẓl, independent discoverer of the Great Comet of 1577". <i>Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 249–260. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAHH...18..249K">2015JAHH...18..249K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2015.03.03">10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2015.03.03</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:209912868">209912868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Astronomical+History+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=Ab%C5%AB%27l+Fa%E1%BA%93l%2C+independent+discoverer+of+the+Great+Comet+of+1577&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=249-260&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A209912868%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2015.03.03&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015JAHH...18..249K&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale2020" class="citation web cs1">Hale, Alan (2020-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rocketstem.org/2020/11/07/ice-and-stone-comet-of-week-46/">"Comet of the Week: "Tycho Brahe's Comet" C/1577 V1"</a>. <i>RocketSTEM</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RocketSTEM&rft.atitle=Comet+of+the+Week%3A+%22Tycho+Brahe%27s+Comet%22+C%2F1577+V1&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocketstem.org%2F2020%2F11%2F07%2Fice-and-stone-comet-of-week-46%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hist3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hist3_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant, p. 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moritz_Valentin_Steinmetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moritz Valentin Steinmetz (page does not exist)">Moritz Valentin Steinmetz</a>: <i>Von dem Cometen welcher im November des 1577. Jars erstlich erschienen, und noch am Himmel zusehen ist, wie er von Abend und Mittag, gegen Morgen und Mitternacht zu, seinen Fortgang gehabt, Observirt und beschrieben in Leipzig ...</i>, Gedruckt bey Nickel Nerlich Formschneider, 1577 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3_nHAAACAAJ">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150322084034/http://books.google.com/books?printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 2015-03-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-addin3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-addin3_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interestingengineering.com/story-two-astronomers-studied-great-comet-1577">"The Story of the Two Astronomers Who Studied the Great Comet of 1577"</a>. Interesting Engineering. September 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Two+Astronomers+Who+Studied+the+Great+Comet+of+1577&rft.pub=Interesting+Engineering&rft.date=2016-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finterestingengineering.com%2Fstory-two-astronomers-studied-great-comet-1577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, P., & Goldstein, B. R. (2001). Theological foundations of Keplers astronomy. Ithaca, NY.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert S. Westman, "The Comet and the Cosmos: Kepler, Mästlin, and the Copernican Hypothesis", in <i>The Reception of Copernicus' Heliocentric Theory: Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the Nicolas Copernicus Committee of the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science, Torun, Poland, 1973</i> (Springer, 1973), pp. 10 and 28. For a description and reproduction of <a href="/wiki/Helisaeus_Roeslin" title="Helisaeus Roeslin">Helisaeus Roeslin</a>'s diagram, see pp. 28–29 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAWp34_GYLAC&dq=%22Helisaeus+Roeslin%27s+diagram%22&pg=PA28">online.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horizons2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horizons2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%271577+V1%27&START_TIME=%272023-01-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272030-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20year%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27">JPL Horizons ephemeris 2023-2030</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seargent, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hist-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hist_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hist_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant, p. 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-run-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-run_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307125311/http://www.rundetaarn.dk/engelsk/observatorium/komet.htm">"The comet of 1577"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rundetaarn.dk/engelsk/observatorium/komet.htm">the original</a> on 7 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+comet+of+1577&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rundetaarn.dk%2Fengelsk%2Fobservatorium%2Fkomet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilster, p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGingerich1977" class="citation book cs1">Gingerich, Owen (1977). <i>Tycho Brahe and the great comet of 1577</i>. pp. 452–458.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tycho+Brahe+and+the+great+comet+of+1577&rft.pages=452-458&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Gingerich&rft.aufirst=Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seargent,_p._107-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seargent,_p._107_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seargent,_p._107_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seargent, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horizons-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horizons_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%271577+V1%27&START_TIME=%272023-01-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272030-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20year%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27">JPL Horizons ephemeris 2023-2030</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gal-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gal_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gal_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gal_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/comets.html">"The Galileo Project"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Galileo+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgalileo.rice.edu%2Fsci%2Fobservations%2Fcomets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lang, p. 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comet1577-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comet1577_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comet1577_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comet1577_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comet1577_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapoor2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kapoor, R. C. (2015). "Abū'l Faẓl, independent discoverer of the Great Comet of 1577". <i>Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 249–260. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAHH...18..249K">2015JAHH...18..249K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2015.03.03">10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2015.03.03</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:209912868">209912868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Astronomical+History+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=Ab%C5%AB%27l+Fa%E1%BA%93l%2C+independent+discoverer+of+the+Great+Comet+of+1577&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=249-260&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A209912868%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2015.03.03&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015JAHH...18..249K&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinette_Vagenheim2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ginette Vagenheim (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282075581">"Une description inédite de la grande comète de 1577 par Pirro Ligorio avec une note sur la rédaction des Antichità Romane à la cour du duc Alphonse II de Ferrare"</a>. <i>La Festa delle Arti</i> (in French): 304–305.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Festa+delle+Arti&rft.atitle=Une+description+in%C3%A9dite+de+la+grande+com%C3%A8te+de+1577+par+Pirro+Ligorio+avec+une+note+sur+la+r%C3%A9daction+des+Antichit%C3%A0+Romane+%C3%A0+la+cour+du+duc+Alphonse+II+de+Ferrare&rft.pages=304-305&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Ginette+Vagenheim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F282075581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comet1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-comet1_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao2013" class="citation web cs1">Rao, Joe (December 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/24069-greatest-comets-of-past-centuries.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Comets of the Centuries': 500 Years of the Greatest Comets Ever Seen"</a>. space.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Comets+of+the+Centuries%27%3A+500+Years+of+the+Greatest+Comets+Ever+Seen&rft.pub=space.com&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F24069-greatest-comets-of-past-centuries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moritz_Valentin_Steinmetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moritz Valentin Steinmetz (page does not exist)">Moritz Valentin Steinmetz</a>: <i>Von dem Cometen welcher im November des 1577. Jars erstlich erschienen, und noch am Himmel zusehen ist, wie er von Abend und Mittag, gegen Morgen und Mitternacht zu, seinen Fortgang gehabt, Observirt und beschrieben in Leipzig ...</i>, Gedruckt bey Nickel Nerlich Formschneider, 1577 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3_nHAAACAAJ">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150322084034/http://books.google.com/books?printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 2015-03-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unver-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Unver_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÜnver1985" class="citation book cs1">Ünver, Ahmet Süheyl (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ItJoPwAACAAJ&q=s%C3%BCheyl%20%C3%BCnver%20istanbul%20rasathanesi"><i>İstanbul Rasathanesi</i></a>. Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları. pp. 3–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%B0stanbul+Rasathanesi&rft.pages=3-6&rft.pub=Atat%C3%BCrk+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%2C+Dil+ve+Tarih+Y%C3%BCksek+Kurumu+T%C3%BCrk+Tarih+Kurumu+yay%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=%C3%9Cnver&rft.aufirst=Ahmet+S%C3%BCheyl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DItJoPwAACAAJ%26q%3Ds%25C3%25BCheyl%2520%25C3%25BCnver%2520istanbul%2520rasathanesi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-addin-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-addin_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interestingengineering.com/story-two-astronomers-studied-great-comet-1577">"The Story of the Two Astronomers Who Studied the Great Comet of 1577"</a>. Interesting Engineering. September 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Two+Astronomers+Who+Studied+the+Great+Comet+of+1577&rft.pub=Interesting+Engineering&rft.date=2016-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finterestingengineering.com%2Fstory-two-astronomers-studied-great-comet-1577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTofigh_Heidarzadeh" class="citation book cs1">Tofigh Heidarzadeh. <i>A History of Physical Theories of Comets, From Aristotle to Whipple</i>. 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R. (2001). Theological foundations of Keplers astronomy. Ithaca, NY.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoosvi1997" class="citation book cs1">Moosvi, Shireen (1997). "Science and Superstition under Akbar and Jahangir: The Observation of Astronomical Phenomena". In Habib, Irfan (ed.). <i>Akbar and his India</i>. 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Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 109–120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195637917" title="Special:BookSources/0195637917"><bdi>0195637917</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science+and+Superstition+under+Akbar+and+Jahangir%3A+The+Observation+of+Astronomical+Phenomena&rft.btitle=Akbar+and+his+India&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=109-120&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0195637917&rft.aulast=Moosvi&rft.aufirst=Shireen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:33-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:33_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoosvi1997" class="citation book cs1">Moosvi, Shireen (1997). "Science and Superstition under Akbar and Jahangir: The Observation of Astronomical Phenomena". In Habib, Irfan (ed.). <i>Akbar and his India</i>. 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New York: Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-0504-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-0504-5"><bdi>978-0-8091-0504-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+mystical+autobiographies%3A+Book+of+visions+and+Book+of+secrets&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+classics+of+Western+spirituality&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-0504-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.nls.uk/bibliotheca-lindesiana-catalogues/archive/103694435">"(1) Front cover - Catalogue of the Crawford Library of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh - Bibliotheca Lindesiana catalogues - National Library of Scotland"</a>. <i>digital.nls.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.nls.uk&rft.atitle=%281%29+Front+cover+-+Catalogue+of+the+Crawford+Library+of+the+Royal+Observatory%2C+Edinburgh+-+Bibliotheca+Lindesiana+catalogues+-+National+Library+of+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.nls.uk%2Fbibliotheca-lindesiana-catalogues%2Farchive%2F103694435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchechner1997" class="citation book cs1">Schechner, Sara (1997). <i>Comets, popular culture, and the birth of modern cosmology</i>. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-22767-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-22767-2"><bdi>978-0-691-22767-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comets%2C+popular+culture%2C+and+the+birth+of+modern+cosmology&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-691-22767-2&rft.aulast=Schechner&rft.aufirst=Sara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005E/text008.html">http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005E/text008.html</a> Annals of the Four Masters (M1577.20)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Comet_of_1577&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1577" class="extiw" title="commons:Great Comet of 1577"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Great Comet of 1577</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1852" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Robert (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofphysica00granrich"><i>History of Physical Astronomy, from the Earliest Ages to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century</i></a>. Henry G. Bohn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Physical+Astronomy%2C+from+the+Earliest+Ages+to+the+Middle+of+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=Henry+G.+Bohn&rft.date=1852&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofphysica00granrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellman1944" class="citation book cs1">Hellman, C. Doris (1944). <i>The Comet of 1577: Its Place in the History of Astronomy</i>. Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Comet+of+1577%3A+Its+Place+in+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Hellman&rft.aufirst=C.+Doris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._LangCharles_Allen_Whitney1991" class="citation book cs1">R. Lang, Kenneth; Charles Allen Whitney (1991). <i>Wanderers in Space</i>. <a href="/wiki/CUP_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="CUP Archive">CUP Archive</a>. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42252-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42252-9"><bdi>978-0-521-42252-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wanderers+in+Space&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-521-42252-9&rft.aulast=R.+Lang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Charles+Allen+Whitney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilster2004" class="citation book cs1">Gilster, Paul (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/centauridreamsim00gils/page/100"><i>Centauri Dreams</i></a></span>. Springer. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/centauridreamsim00gils/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-00436-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-00436-5"><bdi>978-0-387-00436-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centauri+Dreams&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-387-00436-5&rft.aulast=Gilster&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcentauridreamsim00gils%2Fpage%2F100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeargent2009" class="citation book cs1">Seargent, David (2009). <i>The Greatest Comets in History</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-09512-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-09512-7"><bdi>978-0-387-09512-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Comets+in+History&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-387-09512-7&rft.aulast=Seargent&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Comet+of+1577" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gingerich Owen. “Tycho Brahe and the Great Comet of 1577.” <i>Sky and Telescope</i> 1977 pp. 452–458.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Comets" title="Template:Comets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comets" title="Template talk:Comets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_nucleus" title="Comet nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coma (cometary)">Coma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_tail" title="Comet tail">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitail" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitail">Antitail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_dust" title="Comet dust">Comet dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">Meteor shower</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyakutake_Color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)"><img alt="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/100px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/150px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/200px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_(32755885495).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/100px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/150px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/200px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Comet#Orbital_characteristics" title="Comet">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_periodic_comets" title="List of periodic comets">Periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Numbered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets" title="List of long-period comets">Long period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Halley-type_comets" title="List of Halley-type comets">Halley-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter-family_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter-family comet">Jupiter-family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Encke-type_comets" title="Category:Encke-type comets">Encke-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Main-belt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-periodic_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-periodic comets">Non-periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-parabolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">Hyperbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_with_no_meaningful_orbit" title="List of comets with no meaningful orbit">Unknown-orbit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_comet" title="Great comet">Great Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungrazing_comet" title="Sungrazing comet">Sungrazing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kreutz_sungrazer" title="Kreutz sungrazer">Kreutz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinct_comet" title="Extinct comet">Extinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exocomet" title="Exocomet">Exocomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_object" title="Interstellar object">Interstellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_comets" title="Naming of comets">Naming of comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observational_history_of_comets" title="Observational history of comets">Observational history of comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)#Similarities_to_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaur (minor planet)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discoverers_of_comets" title="Category:Discoverers of comets">Comet discoverers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_discovered_by_the_LINEAR_project" title="List of comets discovered by the LINEAR project">LINEAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_atmosphere" title="Extraterrestrial atmosphere">Extraterrestrial atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_comets" title="List of missions to comets">List of missions to comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of comets visited by spacecraft">List of comets visited by spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Latest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2024_S1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2024 S1 (ATLAS)">C/2024 S1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_H2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)">C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_E1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)">C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">C/2022 E3 (ZTF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_O3_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)">C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_J1_(Maury-Attard)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)">C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F5_(MASTER)" title="C/2020 F5 (MASTER)">C/2020 F5 (MASTER)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_NEOWISE" title="Comet NEOWISE">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2019_LD2_(ATLAS)" title="P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)">P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_U7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)">C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2016_U1_(NEOWISE)" title="C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)">C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">C/2015 V2 (Johnson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_G2_(MASTER)" title="C/2015 G2 (MASTER)">C/2015 G2 (MASTER)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli%E2%80%93Bernstein)" title="C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)">C/2014 UN<sub>271</sub> (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Culture and<br />speculation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_comet" title="Antimatter comet">Antimatter comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comets_in_fiction" title="Comets in fiction">Comets in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_vintages" title="Comet vintages">Comet vintages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Lists_of_comets_(more)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comets" title="Lists of comets">Lists of comets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_comets" title="Category:Lists of comets">more</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Periodic<br />comets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1985<br />(all)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">1P/Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Encke" title="Comet Encke">2P/Encke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela's Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4P/Faye" title="4P/Faye">4P/Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6P/d%27Arrest" title="6P/d'Arrest">6P/d'Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7P/Pons%E2%80%93Winnecke" title="7P/Pons–Winnecke">7P/Pons–Winnecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8P/Tuttle" title="8P/Tuttle">8P/Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">9P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10P/Tempel" title="10P/Tempel">10P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12P/Pons%E2%80%93Brooks" title="12P/Pons–Brooks">12P/Pons–Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13P/Olbers" title="13P/Olbers">13P/Olbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14P/Wolf" title="14P/Wolf">14P/Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16P/Brooks" title="16P/Brooks">16P/Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22P/Kopff" title="22P/Kopff">22P/Kopff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23P/Brorsen%E2%80%93Metcalf" title="23P/Brorsen–Metcalf">23P/Brorsen–Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24P/Schaumasse" title="24P/Schaumasse">24P/Schaumasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28P/Neujmin" title="28P/Neujmin">28P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30P/Reinmuth" title="30P/Reinmuth">30P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32P/Comas_Sol%C3%A0" title="32P/Comas Solà">32P/Comas Solà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33P/Daniel" title="33P/Daniel">33P/Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35P/Herschel%E2%80%93Rigollet" title="35P/Herschel–Rigollet">35P/Herschel–Rigollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36P/Whipple" title="36P/Whipple">36P/Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37P/Forbes" title="37P/Forbes">37P/Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38P/Stephan%E2%80%93Oterma" title="38P/Stephan–Oterma">38P/Stephan–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39P/Oterma" title="39P/Oterma">39P/Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40P/V%C3%A4is%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="40P/Väisälä">40P/Väisälä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41P/Tuttle%E2%80%93Giacobini%E2%80%93Kres%C3%A1k" title="41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák">41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42P/Neujmin" title="42P/Neujmin">42P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43P/Wolf%E2%80%93Harrington" title="43P/Wolf–Harrington">43P/Wolf–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44P/Reinmuth" title="44P/Reinmuth">44P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45P/Honda%E2%80%93Mrkos%E2%80%93Pajdu%C5%A1%C3%A1kov%C3%A1" title="45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková">45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46P/Wirtanen" title="46P/Wirtanen">46P/Wirtanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47P/Ashbrook%E2%80%93Jackson" title="47P/Ashbrook–Jackson">47P/Ashbrook–Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48P/Johnson" title="48P/Johnson">48P/Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49P/Arend%E2%80%93Rigaux" title="49P/Arend–Rigaux">49P/Arend–Rigaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50P/Arend" title="50P/Arend">50P/Arend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51P/Harrington" title="51P/Harrington">51P/Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52P/Harrington%E2%80%93Abell" title="52P/Harrington–Abell">52P/Harrington–Abell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53P/Van_Biesbroeck" title="53P/Van Biesbroeck">53P/Van Biesbroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56P/Slaughter%E2%80%93Burnham" title="56P/Slaughter–Burnham">56P/Slaughter–Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58P/Jackson%E2%80%93Neujmin" title="58P/Jackson–Neujmin">58P/Jackson–Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59P/Kearns%E2%80%93Kwee" title="59P/Kearns–Kwee">59P/Kearns–Kwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60P/Tsuchinshan" title="60P/Tsuchinshan">60P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61P/Shajn%E2%80%93Schaldach" title="61P/Shajn–Schaldach">61P/Shajn–Schaldach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62P/Tsuchinshan" title="62P/Tsuchinshan">62P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63P/Wild" title="63P/Wild">63P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64P/Swift%E2%80%93Gehrels" title="64P/Swift–Gehrels">64P/Swift–Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65P/Gunn" title="65P/Gunn">65P/Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66P/du_Toit" title="66P/du Toit">66P/du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68P/Klemola" title="68P/Klemola">68P/Klemola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70P/Kojima" title="70P/Kojima">70P/Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71P/Clark" title="71P/Clark">71P/Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74P/Smirnova%E2%80%93Chernykh" title="74P/Smirnova–Chernykh">74P/Smirnova–Chernykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76P/West%E2%80%93Kohoutek%E2%80%93Ikemura" title="76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura">76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77P/Longmore" title="77P/Longmore">77P/Longmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78P/Gehrels" title="78P/Gehrels">78P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Hartley" title="79P/du Toit–Hartley">79P/du Toit–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82P/Gehrels" title="82P/Gehrels">82P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84P/Giclas" title="84P/Giclas">84P/Giclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1985<br />(notable)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/88P/Howell" title="88P/Howell">88P/Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92P/Sanguin" title="92P/Sanguin">92P/Sanguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96P/Machholz" title="96P/Machholz">96P/Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108P/Ciffr%C3%A9o" title="108P/Ciffréo">108P/Ciffréo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Swift%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="Comet Swift–Tuttle">109P/Swift–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126P/IRAS" title="126P/IRAS">126P/IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/141P/Machholz" title="141P/Machholz">141P/Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/144P/Kushida" title="144P/Kushida">144P/Kushida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/147P/Kushida%E2%80%93Muramatsu" title="147P/Kushida–Muramatsu">147P/Kushida–Muramatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/153P/Ikeya%E2%80%93Zhang" title="153P/Ikeya–Zhang">153P/Ikeya–Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/156P/Russell%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="156P/Russell–LINEAR">156P/Russell–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161P/Hartley%E2%80%93IRAS" title="161P/Hartley–IRAS">161P/Hartley–IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/162P/Siding_Spring" title="162P/Siding Spring">162P/Siding Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/168P/Hergenrother" title="168P/Hergenrother">168P/Hergenrother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/169P/NEAT" title="169P/NEAT">169P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/177P/Barnard" title="177P/Barnard">177P/Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/178P/Hug%E2%80%93Bell" title="178P/Hug–Bell">178P/Hug–Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/205P/Giacobini" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/209P/LINEAR" title="209P/LINEAR">209P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/246P/NEAT" title="246P/NEAT">246P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/249P/LINEAR" title="249P/LINEAR">249P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252P/LINEAR" title="252P/LINEAR">252P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/255P/Levy" title="255P/Levy">255P/Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/273P/Pons%E2%80%93Gambart" title="273P/Pons–Gambart">273P/Pons–Gambart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/322P/SOHO" title="322P/SOHO">322P/SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323P/SOHO" title="323P/SOHO">323P/SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332P/Ikeya%E2%80%93Murakami" title="332P/Ikeya–Murakami">332P/Ikeya–Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/333P/LINEAR" title="333P/LINEAR">333P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354P/LINEAR" title="354P/LINEAR">354P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(457175)_2008_GO98" title="(457175) 2008 GO98">362P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/460P/PanSTARRS" title="460P/PanSTARRS">460P/PanSTARRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Terminology" title="Asteroid">Comet-like<br />asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/596_Scheila" title="596 Scheila">596 Scheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">2060 Chiron</a> (95P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">4015 Wilson–Harrington</a> (107P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7968_Elst%E2%80%93Pizarro" title="7968 Elst–Pizarro">7968 Elst–Pizarro</a> (133P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/165P/LINEAR" title="165P/LINEAR">165P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/166P/NEAT" title="166P/NEAT">166P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/167P/CINEOS" title="167P/CINEOS">167P/CINEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60558_Echeclus" title="60558 Echeclus">60558 Echeclus</a> (174P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/118401_LINEAR" title="118401 LINEAR">118401 LINEAR</a> (176P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/259P/Garradd" title="259P/Garradd">259P/Garradd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/324P/La_Sagra" title="324P/La Sagra">324P/La Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/331P/Gibbs" title="331P/Gibbs">331P/Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354P/LINEAR" title="354P/LINEAR">354P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/358P/PANSTARRS" class="mw-redirect" title="358P/PANSTARRS">358P/PANSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2013_R3_(Catalina-PANSTARRS)" class="mw-redirect" title="P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)">P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(300163)_2006_VW139" title="(300163) 2006 VW139">(300163) 2006 VW139</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Recovered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9P/Tempel" class="mw-redirect" title="9P/Tempel">9P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/113P/Spitaler" title="113P/Spitaler">113P/Spitaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/157P/Tritton" title="157P/Tritton">157P/Tritton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/205P/Giacobini" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/206P/Barnard%E2%80%93Boattini" title="206P/Barnard–Boattini">206P/Barnard–Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/226P/Pigott%E2%80%93LINEAR%E2%80%93Kowalski" title="226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski">226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/271P/van_Houten%E2%80%93Lemmon" title="271P/van Houten–Lemmon">271P/van Houten–Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Destroyed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela's Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" title="Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9">D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Not found</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lexell%27s_Comet" title="Lexell's Comet">D/1770 L1 (Lexell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft#List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">Visited by<br />spacecraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">1P/Halley</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">9P/Tempel</a> (2005, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-Parabolic<br />comets<br />(notable)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Comet" title="Caesar's Comet">C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X/1106_C1" title="X/1106 C1">X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1264" title="Great Comet of 1264">C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1402" title="Great Comet of 1402">C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1472" title="Great Comet of 1472">C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1652_Y1" title="C/1652 Y1">C/1652 Y1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1680" title="Great Comet of 1680">C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1702_H1" title="C/1702 H1">C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_of_1729" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet of 1729">C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1744" title="Great Comet of 1744">C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1760_A1" title="C/1760 A1">C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1769_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1769 P1">C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1807_R1" title="C/1807 R1">C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1811" title="Great Comet of 1811">C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1819" title="Great Comet of 1819">C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1823" title="Great Comet of 1823">C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1843" title="Great Comet of 1843">C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1847_T1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1847 T1">C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Donati" title="Comet Donati">C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1861_G1_(Thatcher)" title="C/1861 G1 (Thatcher)">C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1861_J1" title="C/1861 J1">C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1865_B1" title="C/1865 B1">C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X/1872_X1" title="X/1872 X1">X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1874_H1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1874 H1">C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1881_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1881 K1">C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1882" title="Great Comet of 1882">C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Comet_of_1887" title="Great Southern Comet of 1887">C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1901" title="Great Comet of 1901">C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_January_Comet_of_1910" title="Great January Comet of 1910">C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_O1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 O1">C/1911 O1 (Brooks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 S3">C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1931_P1_(Ryves)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1931 P1 (Ryves)">C/1931 P1 (Ryves)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)">C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">C/1961 R1 (Humason)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1963_A1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)">C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1964_N1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)">C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka) (page does not exist)">C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">C/1975 V1 (West)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1980_E1_(Bowell)" title="C/1980 E1 (Bowell)">C/1980 E1 (Bowell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_W1_(Aarseth-Brewington)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)">C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_X1_(Austin)" title="C/1989 X1 (Austin)">C/1989 X1 (Austin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1990_K1_(Levy)" title="C/1990 K1 (Levy)">C/1990 K1 (Levy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1992_J1_(Spacewatch)" title="C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch)">C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Stonehouse">C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">C/1998 J1 (SOHO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_F1_(Catalina)" title="C/1999 F1 (Catalina)">C/1999 F1 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_S4_(LINEAR)" title="C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)">C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2000_WM1_(LINEAR)" title="C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)">C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_A2_(LINEAR)" title="C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)">C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_OG108" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_T7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2002 T7">C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_V1_(NEAT)" title="C/2002 V1 (NEAT)">C/2002 V1 (NEAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Pojmański">C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 F1">C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Lulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Lulin">C/2007 N3 (Lulin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_Q3_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)">C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">C/2007 W1 (Boattini)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2009_R1_(McNaught)" title="C/2009 R1 (McNaught)">C/2009 R1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2010_X1_(Elenin)" title="C/2010 X1 (Elenin)">C/2010 X1 (Elenin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">C/2012 S1 (ISON)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1">C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_US10_(Catalina)" title="C/2013 US10 (Catalina)">C/2013 US10 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">C/2014 E2 (Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">C/2015 V2 (Johnson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)">C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F3_(NEOWISE)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">C/2022 E3 (ZTF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1910<br />(by name)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_W1_(Aarseth-Brewington)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)">Aarseth-Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">Arend–Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_X1_(Austin)" title="C/1989 X1 (Austin)">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 S3">Beljawsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1980_E1_(Bowell)" title="C/1980 E1 (Bowell)">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">Bradfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_O1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 O1">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_F1_(Catalina)" title="C/1999 F1 (Catalina)">C/1999 F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_US10" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 US10">C/2013 US10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">de Kock–Paraskevopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2010_X1_(Elenin)" title="C/2010 X1 (Elenin)">Elenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">Humason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">Hyakutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaoru_Ikeya" title="Kaoru Ikeya">Ikeya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1963_A1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)">C/1963 A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1964_N1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)">C/1964 N1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">Ikeya-Seki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">IRAS–Araki–Alcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">ISON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">Iwamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Observatory" title="Mount Lemmon Observatory">Lemmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1990_K1_(Levy)" title="C/1990 K1 (Levy)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_S4_(LINEAR)" title="C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)">C/1999 S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2000_WM1_(LINEAR)" title="C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)">C/2000 WM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_A2_(LINEAR)" title="C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)">C/2001 A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_T7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2002 T7">C/2002 T7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory_Near-Earth-Object_Search" title="Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search">LONEOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_OG108" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 F1">C/2007 F1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Lovejoy" title="Terry Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1">C/2013 R1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Lulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Lulin">Lulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._McNaught" title="Robert H. McNaught">McNaught</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2009_R1_(McNaught)" title="C/2009 R1 (McNaught)">C/2009 R1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">McNaught–Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Tracking" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking">NEAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">C/2001 Q4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_V1_(NEAT)" title="C/2002 V1 (NEAT)">C/2002 V1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_NEOWISE" title="Comet NEOWISE">NEOWISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">Nishimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">Oukaimeden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 K2">C/2017 K2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">Pereyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Pojmański">Pojmański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryves_Comet" title="Ryves Comet">Ryves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">Seki–Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siding_Spring_Observatory" title="Siding Spring Observatory">Siding Spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_Q3_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)">C/2007 Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">Skjellerup–Maristany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">Skorichenko–George</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1992_J1_(Spacewatch)" title="C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch)">Spacewatch–Rabinowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Stonehouse">Stonehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory#Instruments" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SWAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka) (page does not exist)">Tago-Sato-Kosaka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">Tsuchinshan–ATLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">White–Ortiz–Bolelli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">Wilson–Hubbard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">Yi–SWAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">Zhu–Balam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">ZTF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Comets" title="Category:Comets">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194959#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1000651">JPL SBDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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