CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sumatra – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"3f0d7933-857e-41dd-8e3c-b1ee71ea4793","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sumatra","wgTitle":"Sumatra","wgCurRevisionId":71117370,"wgRevisionId":71117370,"wgArticleId":76416,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wyspy Indonezji","Wyspy Oceanu Indyjskiego"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sumatra","wgRelevantArticleId":76416,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":71117370, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":0,"lon":102},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3492","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready", "ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced", "ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sumatra_Topography.png/1200px-Sumatra_Topography.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1217"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sumatra_Topography.png/800px-Sumatra_Topography.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="811"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sumatra_Topography.png/640px-Sumatra_Topography.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="649"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sumatra – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sumatra rootpage-Sumatra skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Sumatra" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Sumatra" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Sumatra" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Sumatra" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Informacje_ogólne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informacje_ogólne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Informacje ogólne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informacje_ogólne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gospodarka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gospodarka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gospodarka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gospodarka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sumatra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 130 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruja" title="Ruja – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ruja" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soematra" title="Soematra – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Soematra" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%88%9B%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB" title="ሱማትራ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሱማትራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="سومطرة – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سومطرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سوماترا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوماترا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="সুমাত্রা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুমাত্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra_(pulo)" title="Sumatra (pulo) – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sumatra (pulo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatara" title="Sumatara – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sumatara" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Σουμάτρα – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουμάτρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatro" title="Sumatro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sumatro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سوماترا – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوماترا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A7%88%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%84%AC" title="수마트라섬 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수마트라섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Սումատրա – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սումատրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="सुमात्रा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुमात्रा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Суматрæ – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Суматрæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAmatra" title="Súmatra – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súmatra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94" title="סומטרה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סומטרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – pampango" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="სუმატრა – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუმატრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – zachodniomaryjski" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="zachodniomaryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2" title="ເກາະສຸມາຕຣາ – laotański" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເກາະສຸມາຕຣາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szum%C3%A1tra" title="Szumátra – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szumátra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo_Somattra" title="Polo Somattra – madurski" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Polo Somattra" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="सुमात्रा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सुमात्रा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="സുമാത്ര – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുമാത്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="सुमात्रा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुमात्रा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="სუმატრა – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სუმატრა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="سومطره – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سومطره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سوماترا – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوماترا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဆူမတြာကျွန်း – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆူမတြာကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="सुमात्रा – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुमात्रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E5%B3%B6" title="スマトラ島 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スマトラ島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE" title="ସୁମାତ୍ରା – orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୁମାତ୍ରା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سماٹرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سماٹرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6" title="កោះស៊ូម៉ាត្រា – khmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កោះស៊ូម៉ាត្រា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – karakałpacki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakałpacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱩᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱩᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – fryzyjski saterlandzki" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fryzyjski saterlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AFmatra" title="Sůmatra – śląski" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sůmatra" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="śląski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE" title="சுமாத்திரா – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுமாத்திரா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="เกาะสุมาตรา – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะสุมาตรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Суматра – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суматра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سماٹرا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سماٹرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – wenecki" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="wenecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatr" title="Sumatr – wepski" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sumatr" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="wepski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%97%A8%E7%AD%94%E8%85%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="苏门答腊岛 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏门答腊岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%96%80%E7%AD%94%E8%87%98" title="蘇門答臘 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇門答臘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%96%80%E7%AD%94%E8%87%98" title="蘇門答臘 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蘇門答臘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra – batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Sumatra" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Sumatera" title="Pulau Sumatera – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pulau Sumatera" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3492#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Sumatra&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sumatra"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sumatra"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Sumatra" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Sumatra" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&oldid=71117370" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Sumatra&id=71117370&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSumatra"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSumatra"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sumatra"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sumatra&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Sumatra" hreflang="pl"><span>Wikipodróże</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3492" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="coordinates plainlinks">Na mapach: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia"><img alt="Ziemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/20px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/30px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/40px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&pagename=Sumatra&params=0_N_102_E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 0°N 102°E"><span class="latitude">0°N</span> <span class="longitude">102°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 0,000000 102,000000"><span class="latitude">0,000000</span> <span class="longitude">102,000000</span></span></span></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy Indonezyjskiej wyspy. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Sumatra_(Floryda)" title="Sumatra (Floryda)">Sumatra</a> – jednostka osadnicza w USA.</span></div> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#A5CDF9; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Sumatra</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sumatra_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sumatra_Topography.png/237px-Sumatra_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="237" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sumatra_Topography.png/355px-Sumatra_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sumatra_Topography.png/473px-Sumatra_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="2109" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Państwo">Państwo</a> </th> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonezja" title="Indonezja">Indonezja</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Archipelag" title="Archipelag">Archipelag</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Archipelag_Malajski" title="Archipelag Malajski">Archipelag Malajski</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Powierzchnia </th> <td> <p>473 605 km² </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Populacja <small>(2020)</small><br />• liczba ludności<br />• gęstość </th> <td> <p><br />58 600 000<br />123,7 os./km² </p> </td></tr> <tr class="infobox-locationmap" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:242px"><div style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);;font-weight:bold">Położenie na mapie Indonezji</div><div class="mapa-lokalizacyjna"><div style="width:238px;padding:0;border:0 solid #aaa;position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mapa lokalizacyjna Indonezji"><img alt="Mapa konturowa Indonezji, po lewej nieco u góry znajduje się punkt z opisem „Sumatra”" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Indonesia_relief_location_map.jpg/238px-Indonesia_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Indonesia_relief_location_map.jpg/357px-Indonesia_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Indonesia_relief_location_map.jpg/476px-Indonesia_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="460" /></span></span><div aria-hidden="true" style="top:36.111111111111%;left:15.957446808511%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"><div style="top:-4px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:8px;font-size:8px;left:-4px;width:8px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&params=0_N_102_E_" title="Sumatra"><img alt="Sumatra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dark_Green_004040_pog.svg/8px-Dark_Green_004040_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dark_Green_004040_pog.svg/12px-Dark_Green_004040_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dark_Green_004040_pog.svg/16px-Dark_Green_004040_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:6px;text-align:left"><span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Sumatra</span></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"><span class="coordinates inline inline-and-top plainlinks"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia"><img alt="Ziemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/20px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/30px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/40px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&pagename=Sumatra&params=0_N_102_E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 0°N 102°E"><span class="latitude">0°N</span> <span class="longitude">102°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 0,000000 102,000000"><span class="latitude">0,000000</span> <span class="longitude">102,000000</span></span></span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sumatra_admin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mapa wyspy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sumatra_admin.jpg/240px-Sumatra_admin.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sumatra_admin.jpg/360px-Sumatra_admin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Sumatra_admin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="446" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" class="extiw" title="commons:Sumatra">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Wikipodróże"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/28px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/42px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/56px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Sumatra" class="extiw" title="voy:Sumatra">Informacje w Wikipodróżach</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Sumatra</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_indonezyjski" title="Język indonezyjski">indonez.</a> <em lang="id">Sumatera</em>) – wyspa w <a href="/wiki/Azja_Po%C5%82udniowo-Wschodnia" title="Azja Południowo-Wschodnia">Azji Południowo-Wschodniej</a>, w <a href="/wiki/Archipelag_Malajski" title="Archipelag Malajski">Archipelagu Malajskim</a>, w grupie <a href="/wiki/Wielkie_Wyspy_Sundajskie" title="Wielkie Wyspy Sundajskie">Wielkich Wysp Sundajskich</a>; w całości należy do <a href="/wiki/Indonezja" title="Indonezja">Indonezji</a>. Na północnym wschodzie <a href="/wiki/Cie%C5%9Bnina_Malakka" title="Cieśnina Malakka">Cieśnina Malakka</a> oddziela Sumatrę od <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Malajski" title="Półwysep Malajski">Półwyspu Malajskiego</a>; na południowym wschodzie <a href="/wiki/Cie%C5%9Bnina_Sundajska" title="Cieśnina Sundajska">Cieśnina Sundajska</a> oddziela ją od <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawy</a>. </p><p>Szósta pod względem powierzchni wyspa świata. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Informacje_ogólne"><span id="Informacje_og.C3.B3lne"></span>Informacje ogólne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Informacje ogólne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Informacje ogólne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>długość: ok. 1790 km</li> <li>szerokość: 80–435 km</li> <li>powierzchnia: 473,6 tys. km²</li> <li>ludność: ok. 58,6 mln<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> (grupy etniczne: <a href="/wiki/Batakowie" title="Batakowie">Batakowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau" title="Minangkabau">Minangkabau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nias_(lud)" title="Nias (lud)">Nias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mentawajowie" title="Mentawajowie">Mentawai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawajczycy" title="Jawajczycy">Jawajczycy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chi%C5%84czycy" title="Chińczycy">Chińczycy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhizm" title="Sikhizm">Sikhowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabowie" title="Arabowie">Arabowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamilowie" title="Tamilowie">Tamilowie</a>)</li> <li>średnia gęstość zaludnienia: 123,7 os./km².</li> <li>podział administracyjny: 8 prowincji (<a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna" title="Sumatra Północna">Sumatra Północna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra_Po%C5%82udniowa" title="Sumatra Południowa">Sumatra Południowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra_Zachodnia" title="Sumatra Zachodnia">Sumatra Zachodnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jambi_(prowincja)" title="Jambi (prowincja)">Jambi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_(prowincja)" title="Bengkulu (prowincja)">Bengkulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a>)</li> <li>stolica: <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a> (3,8 mln mieszkańców)</li> <li>języki: <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_indonezyjski" title="Język indonezyjski">język indonezyjski</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_malajskie" title="Języki malajskie">języki malajskie</a></li> <li>religie: <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrze%C5%9Bcija%C5%84stwo" title="Chrześcijaństwo">chrześcijaństwo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animizm" title="Animizm">animizm</a></li> <li>waluta: <a href="/wiki/Rupia_indonezyjska" title="Rupia indonezyjska">rupia indonezyjska</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Historia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pierwsze świadectwa tego państwa pochodzą z V wieku: Sumatra płaciła haracz <a href="/wiki/Chiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiny">Chinom</a>. Od VII wieku do XII wieku dominowało na Sumatrze królestwo <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ariwid%C5%BCaja" title="Śriwidżaja">Śriwidżaja</a> ze stolicą w <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, od XIII wieku do XV wieku królestwo <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" class="mw-redirect" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>. Po jego upadku powstało na wyspie kilka samodzielnych państw muzułmańskich. Pierwszym Europejczykiem, który w 1508 dopłynął do Sumatry, był Portugalczyk L. de Figueira. W XVI wieku <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalczyków</a> wyparli <a href="/wiki/Holandia" title="Holandia">Holendrzy</a>, którzy w latach 1659–1662 podbili południowo-zachodnią część wyspy, w 1664 zagarnęli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indrapuras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indrapuras (strona nie istnieje)">Indrapuras</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salidas (strona nie istnieje)">Salidas</a>, a w 1666 <a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a>. Pod koniec XVIII wieku powstały na wyspie pierwsze osady <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">angielskie</a>. W 1803 cała południowa część wschodniego wybrzeża znalazła się pod panowaniem holenderskim. W 1824 Holendrzy zawarli układ z Anglikami, na mocy którego ci ostatni zrzekli się swych posiadłości na Sumatrze, w zamian za co objęli zwierzchnictwo nad <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Malajski" title="Półwysep Malajski">Półwyspem Malajskim</a>. W początkach XX wieku Holandia podporządkowała sobie całą Sumatrę. 1942–1945 okupowana przez <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonię</a>. W 1946 roku Holandia uznała suwerenność <a href="/wiki/Indonezja" title="Indonezja">Indonezji</a> na Sumatrze. </p><p>26 grudnia 2004 wybrzeże północno-zachodniej Sumatry i pobliskie mniejsze wyspy zostały zniszczone przez 15-metrową falę <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> powstałą w wyniku <a href="/wiki/Trz%C4%99sienie_ziemi_na_Oceanie_Indyjskim_(2004)" title="Trzęsienie ziemi na Oceanie Indyjskim (2004)">trzęsienia ziemi na Oceanie Indyjskim</a>. Zginęło ponad 80 tys. ludzi, głównie w prowincji <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Geografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Indonesia_main_islands_PL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Indonesia_main_islands_PL.svg/300px-Indonesia_main_islands_PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Indonesia_main_islands_PL.svg/450px-Indonesia_main_islands_PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Indonesia_main_islands_PL.svg/600px-Indonesia_main_islands_PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Główne wyspy Indonezji</figcaption></figure> <p>Środek wyspy jest górzysty i znajdują się tu czynne wulkany (najwyższy <a href="/wiki/Kerinci" title="Kerinci">Kerinci</a> 3805 m n.p.m.), część północno-wschodnia natomiast jest nizinna z licznymi bagnami. Działalność wulkaniczna tego regionu spowodowała, że gleba na tych terenach jest niezwykle żyzna, a krajobraz urozmaicony. Znajduje się tu również największe jezioro wyspy – <a href="/wiki/Toba_(jezioro)" title="Toba (jezioro)">Toba</a> (1940 km²) w kraterze o powierzchni ok. 3000 km². W górach można także znaleźć złoża węgla i złota. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">Klimat</a> Sumatry jest równikowy, bardzo wilgotny. Średnia temperatura w styczniu wynosi +25 °C, natomiast w sierpniu +27 °C. <a href="/wiki/Pora_deszczowa" title="Pora deszczowa">Pora deszczowa</a> wypada w październiku i w listopadzie. Znaczną część wyspy niegdyś porastały <a href="/wiki/Wilgotny_las_r%C3%B3wnikowy" title="Wilgotny las równikowy">lasy równikowe</a>, ale rozwój ekonomiczny i nielegalna wycinka zagroziły ich istnieniu. </p><p>Sumatra jest szóstą co do wielkości wyspą na świecie i trzecią w archipelagu indonezyjskim. Rzeki znajdujące się na wyspie (<a href="/wiki/Musi" title="Musi">Musi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hari_(rzeka)" title="Hari (rzeka)">Hari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inderagiri" title="Inderagiri">Inderagiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kampar" title="Kampar">Kampar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asahan" title="Asahan">Asahan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpang-kiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpang-kiri (strona nie istnieje)">Simpang-kiri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barumun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barumun (strona nie istnieje)">Barumun</a>) transportują duże ilości szlamu, tworząc rozległe niziny przeplatane bagnami. Pomimo że obszary te nie nadają się pod uprawę, są bardzo ważne pod względem ekonomicznym dla Indonezji. Ziemia ta produkuje bowiem zarówno <a href="/wiki/Olej_palmowy" title="Olej palmowy">olej palmowy</a>, jak i <a href="/wiki/Ropa_naftowa" title="Ropa naftowa">ropę naftową</a>. </p><p>Na terenie Sumatry znajdują się następujące parki narodowe<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Gunung_Leuser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Gunung Leuser (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Gunung Leuser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Siberut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Siberut (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Siberut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Kerinci_Seblat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Kerinci Seblat (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Kerinci Seblat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Batang_Gadis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Batang Gadis (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Batang Gadis</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Bukit_Duabelas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Bukit Duabelas (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Bukit Duabelas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Bukit_Tiga_Puluh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Bukit Tiga Puluh (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Bukit Tiga Puluh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Narodowy_Berbak" title="Park Narodowy Berbak">Park Narodowy Berbak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Sembilang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Sembilang (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Sembilang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Way_Kambas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Way Kambas (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Way Kambas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Bukit_Barisan_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Bukit Barisan Selatan (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Bukit Barisan Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Narodowy_Tesso_Nilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Narodowy Tesso Nilo (strona nie istnieje)">Park Narodowy Tesso Nilo</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografia">Demografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Demografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sumatra nie jest gęsto zaludniona – na jeden km² przypada średnio 96 osób. Cała populacja to około 45 milionów ludzi, co daje jej piąte miejsce pod względem zaludnienia wysp. Najgęściej zaludniona jest północ Sumatry oraz pogórze zachodniej części wyspy. Najwięcej ludności skupia się w miastach <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>. </p><p>Ludność stanowi mieszankę etniczną, mówiącą w 52 językach. Jednakże większość z tych grup dzieli swe tradycje i wierzenia, a języki są ze sobą spokrewnione. Na wschodnim wybrzeżu skupiają się ludzie mówiący w <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_malajski" title="Język malajski">języku malajskim</a>, natomiast mieszkańcy południowej i centralnej Sumatry mówią w językach zbliżonych do malajskiego. Mniejszości chińskie zamieszkują głównie większe miasta. </p><p>Większość mieszkańców wyspy to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">muzułmanie</a> (87%), <a href="/wiki/Chrze%C5%9Bcija%C5%84stwo" title="Chrześcijaństwo">chrześcijanie</a> stanowią 10% populacji, 2% <a href="/wiki/Buddyzm" title="Buddyzm">buddyści</a> i 1% <a href="/wiki/Hinduizm" title="Hinduizm">hinduiści</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gospodarka">Gospodarka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Gospodarka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Gospodarka"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na wyspie są uprawiane: <a href="/wiki/Kauczuk" title="Kauczuk">kauczuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamfora" title="Kamfora">kamfora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbata" title="Herbata">herbata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kawa" title="Kawa">kawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieprz" title="Pieprz">pieprz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopra" title="Kopra">kopra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%BC" title="Ryż">ryż</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sizal" title="Sizal">sizal</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tyto%C5%84_(ro%C5%9Blina)" title="Tytoń (roślina)">tytoń</a>. W górach wydobywa się <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99gle_kopalne" title="Węgle kopalne">węgiel</a> (największe pokłady w <a href="/wiki/Indonezja" title="Indonezja">Indonezji</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ropa_naftowa" title="Ropa naftowa">ropę naftową</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto">złoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź">miedź</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boksyt" title="Boksyt">boksyty</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gaz_ziemny" title="Gaz ziemny">gaz ziemny</a>. Przemysł skupia się głównie wokół sektora metalurgicznego (produkcja aluminium), chemicznego (wulkanizacyjny) oraz ceramicznego. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/28px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/56px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;">Zobacz wiadomość w serwisie Wikinews pt. <a href="https://pl.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategoria:Sumatra" class="extiw" title="n:Kategoria:Sumatra"><b>Sumatry</b></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sumatra" class="extiw" title="wikt:Sumatra"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>Sumatra</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trz%C4%99sienie_ziemi_na_Oceanie_Indyjskim_(2004)" title="Trzęsienie ziemi na Oceanie Indyjskim (2004)">trzęsienie ziemi na Oceanie Indyjskim w 2004 roku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trz%C4%99sienie_ziemi_na_Sumatrze_(2005)" title="Trzęsienie ziemi na Sumatrze (2005)">trzęsienie ziemi na Sumatrze w 2005 roku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Sumatry" title="Władcy Sumatry">władcy Sumatry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/meetings/2021/egm-covid19-census-20210209/docs/s03-04-IDN.pdf">The Indonesian Population Census 2020</a> www.unstats.un.org, s.10 [dostęp 2023-08-25]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20121023051850/http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/TN%20INDO-ENGLISH/NP_sumatera.htm">National Parks of Sumatera. Map</a>. Ministry of Forestry Republic of Indonesia, 23 października 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120729173932/http://www.cepf.net/news/top_stories/Pages/may202004_indonesia_batanggadis.aspx">Indonesia Declares Tesso Nilo National Park</a>. CEPF News, 20 maja 2004.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071110094411/http://www.cepf.net/xp/cepf/news/newsletter/2004/august_topstory.xml">Indonesia Declares Tesso Nilo National Park</a>. CEPF News, sierpień 2004.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080524164726/http://www.depag.go.id/index.php?a=artikel&id2=penyuluhagama">Statystyki dotyczące religii w Indonezji</a>. 2005. [dostęp 2009-09-23].</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-g"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Wyspa" title="Wyspa">wyspa</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/315129124">315129124</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85130407">sh85130407</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4058586-4">4058586-4</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628653">00628653</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12020255p">12020255p</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/028348826">028348826</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ge201758">ge201758</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457644">XX457644</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548501905171">987007548501905171</a></span></li><li><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_i_sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1na_knji%C5%BEnica_u_Zagrebu" class="extiw" title="hr:Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000501198&local_base=nsk10">000501198</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Litewska_Biblioteka_Narodowa_im._Martynasa_Ma%C5%BEvydasa" title="Litewska Biblioteka Narodowa im. Martynasa Mažvydasa">LIH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lnb.libis.lt/simpleSearch.do?doSearch=1&AI001=LNB%3AV%2A11165%3B%3DBA">LNB:V*11165;=BA</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3981300.html">3981300</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Sumatra">place/Sumatra</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/sumatra/">sumatra</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4173144">4173144</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Sumatra">Sumatra</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0064544.xml">0064544</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Sumatra">Sumatra</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&oldid=71117370">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&oldid=71117370</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wyspy_Indonezji" title="Kategoria:Wyspy Indonezji">Wyspy Indonezji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wyspy_Oceanu_Indyjskiego" title="Kategoria:Wyspy Oceanu Indyjskiego">Wyspy Oceanu Indyjskiego</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 25 sie 2023, 08:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-sf95d","wgBackendResponseTime":224,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.353","walltime":"0.565","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2340,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":30838,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4921,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3863,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":8,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 491.430 1 -total"," 45.11% 221.693 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 35.15% 172.717 1 Szablon:Wyspa_infobox"," 11.50% 56.500 2 Szablon:Infobox_projekt"," 9.75% 47.923 1 Szablon:Pierwszy_niepusty"," 9.48% 46.586 1 Szablon:Infobox_mapa_lokalizacyjna"," 7.16% 35.180 1 Szablon:Przypisy"," 6.06% 29.797 1 Szablon:Inne_znaczenia"," 5.95% 29.243 4 Szablon:Cytuj_stronę"," 5.00% 24.581 1 Szablon:Infobox_tytuł"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.199","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4800122,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"{{#invoke:Moduł:Mapa|Infobox}}\nwspółrzędne = \"0°N 102°E\"\nargumenty = table#1 {\n [\"category\"] = \"Wyspa infobox\",\n}\nmap = \"IDN\"\nmap = \"IDN\"\ntable#1 {\n [\"autoAlt\"] = \"punkt z opisem „Sumatra”\",\n [\"description\"] = \"Sumatra\",\n [\"geohack\"] = \"type:city\",\n [\"latitude\"] = 0,\n [\"link\"] = \"//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl\u0026params=0_N_102_E_\",\n [\"longitude\"] = 102,\n [\"mark\"] = \"Dark Green 004040 pog.svg\",\n [\"posDesc\"] = \"po lewej nieco u góry\",\n [\"rx\"] = 37.978723404255,\n [\"ry\"] = 32.94537037037,\n [\"size\"] = 8,\n [\"x\"] = 15.957446808511,\n [\"y\"] = 36.111111111111,\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-t4wlt","timestamp":"20241124193415","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sumatra","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sumatra","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3492","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3492","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-22T23:25:34Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/06\/Sumatra_Topography.png","headline":"wyspa w Azji Po\u0142udniowo-Wschodniej"}</script> </body> </html>