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Russian: Malorossiiskaia kollegiia). Two distinct administrative institutions set up in Ukraine in the 18th century by the imperial Russian government. The first collegium was established by <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CE%5CPeterI.htm">Peter I</a> on 27 May 1722 in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CL%5CHlukhiv.htm">Hlukhiv</a>. Its purpose was to oversee and monitor the activities of the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetman.htm">hetman</a> and his officers as well as the regimental (see <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CE%5CRegimentalsystem.htm">Regimental system</a>) and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCompany.htm">company</a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCossackstarshynaIT.htm">Cossack <I>starshyna</I></a> in Ukraine. The collegium consisted of six staff officers from Russian regiments and garrisons stationed in Ukraine and a procurator, all of whom were appointed by the tsar and were to serve only one year. Its chairman was Brigadier Stepan Veliaminov. At the same time responsibility for Ukrainian affairs in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CA%5CSaintPetersburg.htm">Saint Petersburg</a> was transferred from the Collegium of Foreign Affairs to the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CE%5CSenate.htm">Senate</a> (ie, from external to internal affairs). Taking advantage of the interregnum after <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetman.htm">Hetman</a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CK%5CSkoropadskyIvan.htm">Ivan Skoropadsky</a>'s death, when only an <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CC%5CActinghetman.htm">acting hetman</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPolubotokPavlo.htm">Pavlo Polubotok</a>, was appointed, the collegium usurped the powers of the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetman.htm">hetman</a> and acted as the highest administrative, judicial, and financial body in Ukraine. It reviewed the instructions of the hetman's office, served as an appeals court, and made fiscal decisions (increasing taxes fivefold). Its interference in the affairs of the hetman administration and arbitrary behavior aroused the indignation of the <I>starshyna</I> and sparked many protests from the hetman's office. <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CE%5CPeterII.htm">Peter II</a> promised to abolish the collegium and finally did so on 29 September 1727.</P><P class="padingHistoryLand">The second collegium was established by a decree of <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CA%5CCatherineII.htm">Catherine II</a>, issued on 10 November 1764. With the abolition of the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetmanstate.htm">Hetman state</a> it was to act as the highest governing body in Ukraine. Its task was to eradicate the last vestiges of Ukraine's <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CU%5CAutonomy.htm">autonomy</a>, destroy the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCossackstarshynaIT.htm">Cossack <I>starshyna</I></a>, and increase the economic exploitation of Ukraine. It consisted of eight permanent members appointed by the central government—four <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CK%5CUkrainians.htm">Ukrainians</a> chosen from the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CG%5CE%5CGeneralstarshynaIT.htm">general <I>starshyna</I></a> and four <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CU%5CRussians.htm">Russians</a>. The president of the collegium was Count <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CU%5CRumiantsevPetr.htm">Petr Rumiantsev</a>, who was also the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CG%5CO%5CGovernor6general.htm">governor-general</a> of Ukraine and the commander in chief of all troops on its territory. His jurisdiction extended to <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CZ%5CA%5CZaporizhiaThe.htm">the Zaporizhia</a>. In 1782 the administrative system of Russian-ruled Ukraine began to be reorganized. Three <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CI%5CVicegerencies.htm">vicegerencies</a> were set up, and the second Little Russian Collegium was finally abolished on 20 August 1786.</P><P class="padingHistoryLand">BIBLIOGRAPHY<BR>Dzhydzhora, I. ‘Reformy Malorosiis’koï kolegiï na Ukraïni v 1722–3 rr.,’ in <I>Iuvileinyi zbirnyk prysviachenyi profesorovy Mykhailovy Hrushevs’komu</I> (Lviv 1906)<BR>Maksimovich, G. <I>Deiatel’nost’ gr. P. Rumiantseva-Zadunaiskogo po upravleniiu Malorossiei</I> (Nizhyn 1913)</P><P class="padingHistoryLand" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">Oleksander Ohloblyn</P><P class="padingHistoryLand" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">[This article originally appeared in the <I>Encyclopedia of Ukraine</I>, vol. 3 (1993).]</P><BR> <CENTER> <P class="padingHistoryLand"></P></CENTER> </div> <div class="clear"></div>  <div class="bg9 marginbottom tc">    <div class="dr20 tc marginZero TotalWidth"> <A name="linksaddress"> </A> <BR> <HR class="marginZero"> <H2 class="tc mb b rozmiar50">List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to <span class="FontDarkBlue b "> Little Russian Collegium</span> entry: <BR> </H2> <Div> <label for="groovybtn1" class="visuallyhidden">1 Apostol family</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn1" name="groovybtn1" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 1 Apostol family " 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