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Disponibil în 48 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerse_kultuur" title="Westerse kultuur – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Westerse kultuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحضارة الغربية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحضارة الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Заходняя культура – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя культура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="पच्छिमी संस्कृति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पच्छिमी संस्कृति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="পাশ্চাত্য সংস্কৃতি – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাশ্চাত্য সংস্কৃতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རིག་གནས། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རིག་གནས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_kultura" title="Zapadna kultura – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadna kultura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_kultura" title="Západní kultura – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní kultura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δυτικός πολιτισμός – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτικός πολιτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western culture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="فرهنگ غربی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsimainen_kulttuuri" title="Länsimainen kulttuuri – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsimainen kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_occidentale" title="Société occidentale – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Société occidentale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91" title="תרבות המערב – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרבות המערב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="पश्चिमी संस्कृति – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी संस्कृति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_kultura" title="Zapadna kultura – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadna kultura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Արևմտյան մշակույթ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան մշակույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Barat" title="Budaya Barat – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Budaya Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%96%91_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="서양 문화 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서양 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidentalis" title="Cultura occidentalis – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cultura occidentalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_ueste" title="Cultur ueste – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur ueste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumu_kult%C5%ABra" title="Rietumu kultūra – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumu kultūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Barat" title="Budaya Barat – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Budaya Barat" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebudayaan_Barat" title="Kebudayaan Barat – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebudayaan Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerse_cultuur" title="Westerse cultuur – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Westerse cultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cywilizacja_zachodnia" title="Cywilizacja zachodnia – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cywilizacja zachodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%81_%22%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%22_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لویدیځ "غربی" کلتور – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لویدیځ "غربی" کلتور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_ocidental" title="Cultura ocidental – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Западная культура – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_kultura" title="Zapadna kultura – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadna kultura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="බටහිර සංස්කෘතිය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බටහිර සංස්කෘතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_civilization" title="Western civilization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western civilization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_kult%C3%BAra" title="Západná kultúra – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západná kultúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_per%C3%ABndimore" title="Kultura perëndimore – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kultura perëndimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadnja%C4%8Dka_kultura" title="Zapadnjačka kultura – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zapadnjačka kultura" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_kultur" title="Västerländsk kultur – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västerländsk kultur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustaarabu_wa_magharibi" title="Ustaarabu wa magharibi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ustaarabu wa magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மேற்கத்திய நாகரிகம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கத்திய நாகரிகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="วัฒนธรรมตะวันตก – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัฒนธรรมตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinangang_Kanluranin" title="Kalinangang Kanluranin – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalinangang Kanluranin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Західна культура – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна культура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_T%C3%A2y" title="Văn hóa phương Tây – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn hóa phương Tây" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98" title="מערב וועלט – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מערב וועלט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:First_family_and_Elizabeth_II_2007_(outside).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/First_family_and_Elizabeth_II_2007_%28outside%29.jpg/220px-First_family_and_Elizabeth_II_2007_%28outside%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/First_family_and_Elizabeth_II_2007_%28outside%29.jpg/330px-First_family_and_Elizabeth_II_2007_%28outside%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/First_family_and_Elizabeth_II_2007_%28outside%29.jpg/440px-First_family_and_Elizabeth_II_2007_%28outside%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Dineu oferit în onoarea reginei <a href="/wiki/Elisabeta_a_II-a_a_Marii_Britanii" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeta a II-a a Marii Britanii">Elisabeta a II-a a Marii Britanii</a> de președintele <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casa_Alb%C4%83" title="Casa Albă">Casa Albă</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cultura occidentală</b> este extinderea și dezvoltarea <a href="/wiki/Cultura_Europei" title="Cultura Europei">culturii Europei</a> în teritoriile denumite generic „<a href="/wiki/Lumea_occidental%C4%83" title="Lumea occidentală">lumea occidentală</a>”. Rădăcinile culturii occidentale sunt <a href="/wiki/Epoca_Clasic%C4%83" title="Epoca Clasică">civilizația greco-romană</a> și <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinismul_occidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Creștinismul occidental">creștinismul occidental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_occidental%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_occidental%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hanson, Victor Davis (<time datetime="2007-12-18">18 decembrie 2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XGr16-CxpH8C"><i>Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power</i></a> (în engleză). Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. "the term "Western" — refer to the culture of classical antiquity that arose in Greece and Rome; survived the collapse of the Roman Empire; spread to western and northern Europe; then during the great periods of exploration and colonization of the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries expanded to the Americas, Australia and areas of Asia and Africa; and now exercises global political, economic, cultural, and military power far greater than the size of its territory or population might otherwise suggest.". <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-307-42518-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-307-42518-8">978-0-307-42518-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carnage+and+Culture%3A+Landmark+Battles+in+the+Rise+to+Western+Power&rft.pages=%22the+term+%22Western%22+%E2%80%94+refer+to+the+culture+of+classical+antiquity+that+arose+in+Greece+and+Rome%3B+survived+the+collapse+of+the+Roman+Empire%3B+spread+to+western+and+northern+Europe%3B+then+during+the+great+periods+of+exploration+and+colonization+of+the+fifteenth+through+nineteenth+centuries+expanded+to+the+Americas%2C+Australia+and+areas+of+Asia+and+Africa%3B+and+now+exercises+global+political%2C+economic%2C+cultural%2C+and+military+power+far+greater+than+the+size+of+its+territory+or+population+might+otherwise+suggest.%22&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007-12-18&rft.isbn=978-0-307-42518-8&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Victor+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXGr16-CxpH8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) </span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ni4PSpOxb6MC"><i>Western Civilization</i></a> (în engleză). Wadsworth. p. people in these early civilizations viewed themselves as subjects of states or empires, not as members of Western civilization. With the rise of Christianity during the Late Roman Empire, however, peoples in Europe began to identify themselves as part of a civilization different from others, such as that of Islam, leading to a concept of a Western civilization different from other civilizations. In the fifteenth century, Renaissance intellectuals began to identify this civilization not only with Christianity but also with the intellectual and political achievements of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Important to the development of the idea of a distinct Western civilization were encounters with other peoples. Between 700 and 1500, encounters with the world of Islam helped define the West. But after 1500, as European ships began to move into other parts of the world, encounters with peoples in Asia, Africa, and the Americas not only had an impact on the civilizations found there but also affected how people in the West defined themselves. At the same time, as they set up colonies, Europeans began to transplant a sense of Western identity to other areas of the world, especially North America and parts of Latin America, that have come to be considered part of Western civilization. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-534-64602-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-534-64602-8">978-0-534-64602-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Civilization&rft.pages=people+in+these+early+civilizations+viewed+themselves+as+subjects+of+states+or+empires%2C+not+as+members+of+Western+civilization.+With+the+rise+of+Christianity+during+the+Late+Roman+Empire%2C+however%2C+peoples+in+Europe+began+to+identify+themselves+as+part+of+a+civilization+different+from+others%2C+such+as+that+of+Islam%2C+leading+to+a+concept+of+a+Western+civilization+different+from+other+civilizations.+In+the+fifteenth+century%2C+Renaissance+intellectuals+began+to+identify+this+civilization+not+only+with+Christianity+but+also+with+the+intellectual+and+political+achievements+of+the+ancient+Greeks+and+Romans.+Important+to+the+development+of+the+idea+of+a+distinct+Western+civilization+were+encounters+with+other+peoples.+Between+700+and+1500%2C+encounters+with+the+world+of+Islam+helped+define+the+West.+But+after+1500%2C+as+European+ships+began+to+move+into+other+parts+of+the+world%2C+encounters+with+peoples+in+Asia%2C+Africa%2C+and+the+Americas+not+only+had+an+impact+on+the+civilizations+found+there+but+also+affected+how+people+in+the+West+defined+themselves.+At+the+same+time%2C+as+they+set+up+colonies%2C+Europeans+began+to+transplant+a+sense+of+Western+identity+to+other+areas+of+the+world%2C+especially+North+America+and+parts+of+Latin+America%2C+that+have+come+to+be+considered+part+of+Western+civilization&rft.pub=Wadsworth&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-534-64602-8&rft.aulast=Spielvogel&rft.aufirst=Jackson+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dni4PSpOxb6MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sharon, Moshe (<time datetime="2004-01-01">1 ianuarie 2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XMX4xSQtkEAC"><i>Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements and the Båabåi-Bahåa'åi Faiths</i></a> (în engleză). BRILL. p. Side by side with Christianity, the classical Greco-Roman world forms the sound foundation of Western civilization. Greek philosophy is also the origin for the methods and contents of the philosophical thought and theological investigation in Islam and Judaism. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-90-04-13904-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-90-04-13904-6">978-90-04-13904-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Modern+Religions%2C+Religious+Movements+and+the+B%C3%A5ab%C3%A5i-Bah%C3%A5a%27%C3%A5i+Faiths&rft.pages=Side+by+side+with+Christianity%2C+the+classical+Greco-Roman+world+forms+the+sound+foundation+of+Western+civilization.+Greek+philosophy+is+also+the+origin+for+the+methods+and+contents+of+the+philosophical+thought+and+theological+investigation+in+Islam+and+Judaism&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13904-6&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXMX4xSQtkEAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pagden, Anthony (<time datetime="2008-03-13">13 martie 2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m80kwkt8YW4C"><i>Worlds at War: The 2,500 - Year Struggle Between East and West</i></a> (în engleză). OUP Oxford. p. Had the Persians overrun all of mainland Greece, had they then transformed the Greek city-states into satrapies of the Persian Empire, had Greek democracy been snuffed out, there would have been no Greek theater, no Greek science, no Plato, no Aristotle, no Sophocles, no Aeschylus. The incredible burst of creative energy that took place during the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. and that laid the foundation for all of later Western civilization would never have happened. [...] in the years between 490 and 479 B.C.E., the entire future of the Western world hung precariously in the balance. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-923743-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-923743-2">978-0-19-923743-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worlds+at+War%3A+The+2%2C500+-+Year+Struggle+Between+East+and+West&rft.pages=Had+the+Persians+overrun+all+of+mainland+Greece%2C+had+they+then+transformed+the+Greek+city-states+into+satrapies+of+the+Persian+Empire%2C+had+Greek+democracy+been+snuffed+out%2C+there+would+have+been+no+Greek+theater%2C+no+Greek+science%2C+no+Plato%2C+no+Aristotle%2C+no+Sophocles%2C+no+Aeschylus.+The+incredible+burst+of+creative+energy+that+took+place+during+the+fifth+and+fourth+centuries+B.C.E.+and+that+laid+the+foundation+for+all+of+later+Western+civilization+would+never+have+happened.+...+in+the+years+between+490+and+479+B.C.E.%2C+the+entire+future+of+the+Western+world+hung+precariously+in+the+balance&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923743-2&rft.aulast=Pagden&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm80kwkt8YW4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cartledge, Paul (<time datetime="2002-10-10">10 octombrie 2002</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r-I4gcBlTqcC"><i>The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others</i></a> (în engleză). OUP Oxford. p. "Greekness was identified with freedom-spiritual and social as well as political-and slavery was equated with being barbarian, [...] 'democracy' was a Greek invention (celebrating its 2,500th anniversary in 1993/4) [...] an ancient culture, that of the Greeks — is both a foundation stone of our own (Western) civilization and at the same time in key respects a deeply alien phenomenon.". <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-157783-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-157783-3">978-0-19-157783-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greeks%3A+A+Portrait+of+Self+and+Others&rft.pages=%22Greekness+was+identified+with+freedom-spiritual+and+social+as+well+as+political-and+slavery+was+equated+with+being+barbarian%2C+...+%27democracy%27+was+a+Greek+invention+%28celebrating+its+2%2C500th+anniversary+in+1993%2F4%29+...+an+ancient+culture%2C+that+of+the+Greeks+%E2%80%94+is+both+a+foundation+stone+of+our+own+%28Western%29+civilization+and+at+the+same+time+in+key+respects+a+deeply+alien+phenomenon.%22&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2002-10-10&rft.isbn=978-0-19-157783-3&rft.aulast=Cartledge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr-I4gcBlTqcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Freeman, Charles (septembrie 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sPcNAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World</i></a> (în engleză). Penguin Publishing Group. p. The Greeks provided the chromosomes of Western civilization. One does not have to idealize the Greeks to sustain that point. Greek ways of exploring the cosmos, defining the problems of knowledge (and what is meant by knowledge itself), creating the language in which such problems are explored, representing the physical world and human society in the arts, defining the nature of value, describing the past, still underlie the Western cultural tradition. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-14-029323-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-14-029323-4">978-0-14-029323-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Achievement%3A+The+Foundation+of+the+Western+World&rft.pages=The+Greeks+provided+the+chromosomes+of+Western+civilization.+One+does+not+have+to+idealize+the+Greeks+to+sustain+that+point.+Greek+ways+of+exploring+the+cosmos%2C+defining+the+problems+of+knowledge+%28and+what+is+meant+by+knowledge+itself%29%2C+creating+the+language+in+which+such+problems+are+explored%2C+representing+the+physical+world+and+human+society+in+the+arts%2C+defining+the+nature+of+value%2C+describing+the+past%2C+still+underlie+the+Western+cultural+tradition&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000-09&rft.isbn=978-0-14-029323-4&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsPcNAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Richard, Carl J. (<time datetime="2010-04-16">16 aprilie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dlMr4UhqQlQC"><i>Why We're All Romans: The Roman Contribution to the Western World</i></a> (în engleză). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. In 1,200 years the tiny village of Rome established a republic, conquered all of the Mediterranean basin and western Europe, lost its republic, and finally, surrendered its empire. In the process the Romans laid the foundation of Western civilization. [...] The pragmatic Romans brought Greek and Hebrew ideas down to earth, modified them, and transmitted them throughout western Europe. [...] Roman law remains the basis for the legal codes of most western European and Latin American countries — Even in English-speaking countries, where common law prevails, Roman law has exerted substantial influence. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7425-6780-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7425-6780-1">978-0-7425-6780-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+We%27re+All+Romans%3A+The+Roman+Contribution+to+the+Western+World&rft.pages=In+1%2C200+years+the+tiny+village+of+Rome+established+a+republic%2C+conquered+all+of+the+Mediterranean+basin+and+western+Europe%2C+lost+its+republic%2C+and+finally%2C+surrendered+its+empire.+In+the+process+the+Romans+laid+the+foundation+of+Western+civilization.+...+The+pragmatic+Romans+brought+Greek+and+Hebrew+ideas+down+to+earth%2C+modified+them%2C+and+transmitted+them+throughout+western+Europe.+...+Roman+law+remains+the+basis+for+the+legal+codes+of+most+western+European+and+Latin+American+countries+%E2%80%94+Even+in+English-speaking+countries%2C+where+common+law+prevails%2C+Roman+law+has+exerted+substantial+influence&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2010-04-16&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-6780-1&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Carl+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdlMr4UhqQlQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Grant, Michael (<time datetime="1991">1991</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/foundersofwester0000gran"><i>The Founders of the Western World : A History of Greece and Rome</i></a>. Internet Archive. New York : Scribner : Maxwell Macmillan International. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-684-19303-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-684-19303-8">978-0-684-19303-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Founders+of+the+Western+World+%3A+A+History+of+Greece+and+Rome&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Scribner+%3A+Maxwell+Macmillan+International&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-684-19303-8&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundersofwester0000gran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perry, Marvin; Chase, Myrna; Jacob, James; Jacob, Margaret; Laue, Theodore H. Von (<time datetime="2012-01-01">1 ianuarie 2012</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N6jytVCocwMC"><i>Western Civilization: Since 1400</i></a> (în engleză). Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-111-83169-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-111-83169-1">978-1-111-83169-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Civilization%3A+Since+1400&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-111-83169-1&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rft.au=Chase%2C+Myrna&rft.au=Jacob%2C+James&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Laue%2C+Theodore+H.+Von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN6jytVCocwMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+occidental%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_occidental%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_occidental%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioccidentalism" title="Antioccidentalism">Antioccidentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europenizare" title="Europenizare">Europenizare</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultura_occidentală&oldid=15990866">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultura_occidentală&oldid=15990866</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cultur%C4%83_occidental%C4%83" title="Categorie:Cultură occidentală">Cultură occidentală</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_surse_%C3%AEn_limba_englez%C4%83_(en)" title="Categorie:Articole cu surse în limba engleză (en)">Articole cu surse în limba engleză (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 24 decembrie 2023, ora 15:59.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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