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Shabbir</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hina Shabbir"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hina Shabbir"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hina Shabbir"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 41</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hina Shabbir</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Psychiatric Symptoms in Keratoconus: Analyzing Anxiety and Depression in Affected Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nida%20Amin">Nida Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Tanveer"> Fahad Tanveer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Shabbir"> Hina Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Saeed"> Ayesha Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attiqa%20Riaz"> Attiqa Riaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The gradual progression of corneal disorder keratoconus significantly impairs eyesight and quality of life, increasing the likelihood of depression. Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at the AL-Ibrahim Eye Hospital in Karachi, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with keratoconus and to suggest better treatment. A descriptive-analytical study was conducted at Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital Karachi from March to April 2022, and patients diagnosed with symptomatic keratoconus were recruited using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. After obtaining written informed consent from patients, keratoconus severity was assessed using visual acuity and corneal topography. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS) Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Spearman correlation coefficient. Of the 108 participants, 60 (56%) were female and 48 (44%) were male. Using the HADS scale, 44 (40.7%) patients were classified as normal with a HADS score of (0-7), 23 (21.3%) as borderline with a HADS score of (8-10) and 41 (38%) patients were diagnosed with anxiety and depression with a HADS score of (11-21). Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among patients in advanced stages of the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cornea" title="cornea">cornea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keratoconus" title=" keratoconus"> keratoconus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corneal%20topography" title=" corneal topography"> corneal topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188898/psychiatric-symptoms-in-keratoconus-analyzing-anxiety-and-depression-in-affected-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Linear Study of Electrostatic Ion Temperature Gradient Mode with Entropy Gradient Drift and Sheared Ion Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yaqub%20Khan">M. Yaqub Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Shabbir"> Usman Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> History of plasma reveals that continuous struggle of experimentalists and theorists are not fruitful for confinement up to now. It needs a change to bring the research through entropy. Approximately, all the quantities like number density, temperature, electrostatic potential, etc. are connected to entropy. Therefore, it is better to change the way of research. In ion temperature gradient mode with the help of Braginskii model, Boltzmannian electrons, effect of velocity shear is studied inculcating entropy in the magnetoplasma. New dispersion relation is derived for ion temperature gradient mode, and dependence on entropy gradient drift is seen. It is also seen velocity shear enhances the instability but in anomalous transport, its role is not seen significantly but entropy. This work will be helpful to the next step of tokamak and space plasmas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title="entropy">entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20shear" title=" velocity shear"> velocity shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20temperature%20gradient%20mode" title=" ion temperature gradient mode"> ion temperature gradient mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift" title=" drift"> drift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70221/linear-study-of-electrostatic-ion-temperature-gradient-mode-with-entropy-gradient-drift-and-sheared-ion-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Designing a Dispersion Flattened Single Mode PCF for E-Band to U-Band with Less Effective Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabbir%20Chowdhury">Shabbir Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A signal is broadened when it is gone through a channel, this phenomenon is known as dispersion. And dispersion is different for different wavelength. So bandwidth become limited. Research have tried to design an optical fiber with flattened dispersion to use more bandwidth and also for wavelength division multiplexing. In this paper, a single mode photonic crystal fiber with a flattened dispersion and less effective area has been proposed where silica is used as fiber materials. The effective dispersion varies from -1.996 to 0.1783 [ps/(nm-km)] for enter E-band to U-band. This fiber will take only 3.048 [micrometer^2] (for 1.75 micrometer wavelength). Silica is being used as the fiber material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal%20fiber" title="photonic crystal fiber">photonic crystal fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title=" bandwidth"> bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20dispersion" title=" chromatic dispersion"> chromatic dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20dispersion" title=" effective dispersion"> effective dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20compensation" title=" dispersion compensation"> dispersion compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20area" title=" effective area"> effective area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20refractive%20index" title=" effective refractive index"> effective refractive index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51092/designing-a-dispersion-flattened-single-mode-pcf-for-e-band-to-u-band-with-less-effective-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Cognition of Driving Context for Driving Assistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manolo%20Dulva%20Hina">Manolo Dulva Hina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clement%20Thierry"> Clement Thierry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assia%20Soukane"> Assia Soukane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Ramdane-Cherif"> Amar Ramdane-Cherif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we presented our innovative way of determining the driving context for a driving assistance system. We invoke the fusion of all parameters that describe the context of the environment, the vehicle and the driver to obtain the driving context. We created a training set that stores driving situation patterns and from which the system consults to determine the driving situation. A machine-learning algorithm predicts the driving situation. The driving situation is an input to the fission process that yields the action that must be implemented when the driver needs to be informed or assisted from the given the driving situation. The action may be directed towards the driver, the vehicle or both. This is an ongoing work whose goal is to offer an alternative driving assistance system for safe driving, green driving and comfortable driving. Here, ontologies are used for knowledge representation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20driving" title="cognitive driving">cognitive driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transportation%20system" title=" intelligent transportation system"> intelligent transportation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20system" title=" multimodal system"> multimodal system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79015/cognition-of-driving-context-for-driving-assistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Software Quality Assurance in Network Security using Cryptographic Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Shabbir">Sidra Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Manzoor"> Ayesha Manzoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehreen%20Sirshar"> Mehreen Sirshar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of the network communication has imposed serious threats to the security of assets over the network. Network security is getting more prone to active and passive attacks which may result in serious consequences to data integrity, confidentiality and availability. Various cryptographic techniques have been proposed in the past few years to combat with the concerned problem by ensuring quality but in order to have a fully secured network; a framework of new cryptosystem was needed. This paper discusses certain cryptographic techniques which have shown far better improvement in the network security with enhanced quality assurance. The scope of this research paper is to cover the security pitfalls in the current systems and their possible solutions based on the new cryptosystems. The development of new cryptosystem framework has paved a new way to the widespread network communications with enhanced quality in network security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title="cryptography">cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title=" network security"> network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decryption" title=" decryption"> decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrity" title=" integrity"> integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidentiality" title=" confidentiality"> confidentiality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20algorithms" title=" security algorithms"> security algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20curve%20cryptography" title=" elliptic curve cryptography"> elliptic curve cryptography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26324/software-quality-assurance-in-network-security-using-cryptographic-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">733</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Consequences of Sentence on Children's Socialization: Exploratory Study of Criminal Women of Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shabbir">Muhammad Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper inspects the effects of the sentenced criminal women upon the socialization of their children, in the Pakistani context. The objectives of the study are to find out the socio-psychological and cultural effects of the jail environment on the children and behavior of sentenced women towards their children as well as analyze the facilities provided by the jail authorities for the socialization of the women. Quantitative variables and qualitative thematic variables caused by the opinions through open-ended questionnaire were collected and analyze by applying statistical measures, e.g. Social Sciences Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), to reflect out the results. It was found that the sentence of women shatters the socialization process of their children which commonly leads them to criminality. The government should review the ongoing sentence policies for an improvement and betterment. For this purpose, the idea of socialization centers would be a healthy initiative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socialization" title="socialization">socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20women" title=" criminal women"> criminal women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentence" title=" sentence"> sentence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-psychological%20and%20cultural" title=" socio-psychological and cultural"> socio-psychological and cultural</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73047/consequences-of-sentence-on-childrens-socialization-exploratory-study-of-criminal-women-of-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Sum Capacity with Regularized Channel Inversion in Multi-Antenna Downlink Systems under Equal Power Constraint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attaullah%20Khawaja">Attaullah Khawaja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Shabbir"> Amna Shabbir </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Channel inversion is one of the simplest techniques for multiuser downlink systems with single-antenna users. In this paper regularized channel inversion under equal power constraint in the multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) broadcast channels has been considered. Sum capacity with plain channel inversion also known as Zero Forcing Beam Forming (ZFBF) and optimum sum capacity using Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) has also been investigated. Analysis and simulations show that regularization enhances the system performance and empower linear growth in Sum Capacity and specially work well at low signal to noise ratio (SNRs) regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast%20channel" title="broadcast channel">broadcast channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20inversion" title=" channel inversion"> channel inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20antenna%20multiple-user%20wireless" title=" multiple antenna multiple-user wireless"> multiple antenna multiple-user wireless</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-input%20multiple-output%20%28MIMO%29" title=" multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)"> multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regularization" title=" regularization"> regularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dirty%20paper%20coding%20%28DPC%29" title=" dirty paper coding (DPC)"> dirty paper coding (DPC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sum%20capacity" title=" sum capacity"> sum capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16732/sum-capacity-with-regularized-channel-inversion-in-multi-antenna-downlink-systems-under-equal-power-constraint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Use of Dendrochronology in Estimation of Creep Velocity and Its Dependence on the Bulk Density of Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad%20Sabir">Mohammad Amjad Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishtiaq%20Khan"> Ishtiaq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Ali"> Shahid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Shabbir"> Umar Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneel%20Ahmad"> Aneel Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creep, being the main silt contributor to the rivers, is a slow, downhill flow of soils. The creep velocity is measured in millimeters to a couple of centimeters per year and is determined with the help of tilt caused by creep in the vertical objects and needs at least ten years to get a reliable creep velocity. This project was devised to calculate creep velocity using dendrochronology and looking for the difference of creep velocity registered by different trees on the same slope. It was concluded that dendrochronology provides a very reliable procedure of creep velocity estimation if ‘J’ shaped trees are studied for their horizontal movement and age. The age of these trees was measured using tree coring, and the horizontal movement was measured with a conventional tape. Using this procedure it does not require decades and additionally the data reveals the creep velocity for up to 150 years and even more instead of just a decade. It was also concluded that the creep velocity does not only depend on bulk density of soil hence no pronounced effect of bulk density was detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep%20velocity" title="creep velocity">creep velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galiyat" title=" Galiyat"> Galiyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendrochronology" title=" dendrochronology"> dendrochronology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagri%20Bala" title=" Nagri Bala"> Nagri Bala</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711/use-of-dendrochronology-in-estimation-of-creep-velocity-and-its-dependence-on-the-bulk-density-of-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Micro Grids, Solution to Power Off-Grid Areas in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Naveed%20Iqbal">M. Naveed Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheza%20Fatima"> Sheza Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noman%20Shabbir"> Noman Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the presence of energy crisis in Pakistan, off-grid remote areas are not on priority list. The use of new large scale coal fired power plants will also make this situation worst. Therefore, the greatest challenge in our society is to explore new ways to power off grid remote areas with renewable energy sources. It is time for a sustainable energy policy which puts consumers, the environment, human health, and peace first. The renewable energy is one of the biggest growing sectors of the energy industry. Therefore, the large scale use of micro grid is thus described here with modeling, simulation, planning and operating of the micro grid. The goal of this research paper is to go into detail of a library of major components of micro grid. The introduction will go through the detail view of micro grid definition. Then, the simulation of Micro Grid in MATLAB/ Simulink including the Photo Voltaic Cell will be described with the detailed modeling. The simulation with the design and modeling will be introduced too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20grids" title="micro grids">micro grids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20generation" title=" distribution generation"> distribution generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV" title=" PV"> PV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-grid%20operations" title=" off-grid operations"> off-grid operations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48418/micro-grids-solution-to-power-off-grid-areas-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Colorimetric Detection of Melamine in Milk Sample by Using In-Situ Formed Silver Nanoparticles by Tannic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Fazle%20Alam">Md Fazle Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaj%20Ahmed%20Laskar"> Amaj Ahmed Laskar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Younus"> Hina Younus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Melamine toxicity which causes renal failure and death of humans and animals have recently attracted worldwide attention. Developing an easy, fast and sensitive method for the routine melamine detection is the need of the hour. Herein, we have developed a rapid, sensitive, one step and selective colorimetric method for the detection of melamine in milk samples based upon in-situ formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via tannic acid at room temperature. These AgNPs thus formed were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), zetasizer and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Under optimal conditions, melamine could be selectively detected within the concentration range of 0.05-1.4 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.1 nM, which is lower than the strictest melamine safety requirement of 1 ppm. This assay does not utilize organic cosolvents, enzymatic reactions, light sensitive dye molecules and sophisticated instrumentation, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of conventional methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20adulteration" title="milk adulteration">milk adulteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melamine" title=" melamine"> melamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannic%20acid" title=" tannic acid"> tannic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47901/colorimetric-detection-of-melamine-in-milk-sample-by-using-in-situ-formed-silver-nanoparticles-by-tannic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols for WLAN Based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noman%20Shabbir">Noman Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roheel%20Nawaz"> Roheel Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20N.%20Iqbal"> Muhammad N. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junaid%20Zafar"> Junaid Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of routing protocols in WLAN based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A comparative analysis of routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing System (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) is been made against different network parameters like network load, end to end delay and throughput in small, medium and large-scale sensor network scenarios to identify the best performing protocol. Simulation results indicate that OLSR gives minimum network load in all three scenarios while AODV gives the best throughput in small scale network but in medium and large scale networks, DSR is better. In terms of delay, OLSR is more efficient in small and medium scale network while AODV is slightly better in large networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title="WLAN">WLAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSR" title=" DSR"> DSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLSR" title=" OLSR"> OLSR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48412/performance-analysis-of-routing-protocols-for-wlan-based-wireless-sensor-networks-wsns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Building Scalable and Accurate Hybrid Kernel Mapping Recommender</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Iqbal">Hina Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustansar%20Ali%20Ghazanfar"> Mustansar Ali Ghazanfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandor%20Szedmak"> Sandor Szedmak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recommender systems uses artificial intelligence practices for ﬁltering obscure information and can predict if a user likes a specified item. Kernel mapping Recommender systems have been proposed which are accurate and state-of-the-art algorithms and resolve recommender system’s design objectives such as; long tail, cold-start, and sparsity. The aim of research is to propose hybrid framework that can efficiently integrate different versions— namely item-based and user-based KMR— of KMR algorithm. We have proposed various heuristic algorithms that integrate different versions of KMR (into a unified framework) resulting in improved accuracy and elimination of problems associated with conventional recommender system. We have tested our system on publically available movies dataset and benchmark with KMR. The results (in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 measure and ROC metrics) reveal that the proposed algorithm is quite accurate especially under cold-start and sparse scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel%20Mapping%20Recommender%20Systems" title="Kernel Mapping Recommender Systems">Kernel Mapping Recommender Systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20recommender%20systems" title=" hybrid recommender systems"> hybrid recommender systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20start" title=" cold start"> cold start</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparsity" title=" sparsity"> sparsity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20tail" title=" long tail"> long tail</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59766/building-scalable-and-accurate-hybrid-kernel-mapping-recommender" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Cultural Diversity and Challenges for Female Entrepreneurs: Empirical Study of an Emerging Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Ikram">Amir Ikram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qin%20Su"> Qin Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Fiaz"> Muhammad Fiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Waqas%20Shabbir"> Muhammad Waqas Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women entrepreneurship witnessed a healthy rise in the last decade or so, and the scenario in Pakistan is not different. However female leaders are facing various, cultural, career oriented, and professional challenges. The study investigates the impact of social and industry-specific challenges on female entrepreneurship; social challenges was evaluated in terms of culture, and industry-specific challenges was measured in terms of team management and career growth. Purposive sampling was employed to collect data from 75 multicultural organizations operating in the culturally diverse and historic city of Lahore, Pakistan. Cronbach’s alpha was conducted to endorse the reliability of survey questionnaire, while correlation and regression analysis were used to test hypotheses. Industry-specific challenges were found to be more significant as compared to cultural factors. The paper also highlights the importance of female entrepreneurship for emerging economies, and suggests that bringing women to mainstream professions can lead to economic success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20challenges" title="cultural challenges">cultural challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20economy" title=" emerging economy"> emerging economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20entrepreneurship" title=" female entrepreneurship"> female entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54478/cultural-diversity-and-challenges-for-female-entrepreneurs-empirical-study-of-an-emerging-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Replacing MOSFETs with Single Electron Transistors (SET) to Reduce Power Consumption of an Inverter Circuit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shariful%20Alam">Ahmed Shariful Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Hena%20M.%20Mustafa%20Kamal"> Abu Hena M. Mustafa Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdul%20Rahman"> M. Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nasmus%20Sakib%20Khan%20Shabbir"> M. Nasmus Sakib Khan Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atiqul%20Islam"> Atiqul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the rules of quantum mechanics there is a non-vanishing probability of for an electron to tunnel through a thin insulating barrier or a thin capacitor which is not possible according to the laws of classical physics. Tunneling of electron through a thin insulating barrier or tunnel junction is a random event and the magnitude of current flowing due to the tunneling of electron is very low. As the current flowing through a Single Electron Transistor (SET) is the result of electron tunneling through tunnel junctions of its source and drain the supply voltage requirement is also very low. As a result, the power consumption across a Single Electron Transistor is ultra-low in comparison to that of a MOSFET. In this paper simulations have been done with PSPICE for an inverter built with both SETs and MOSFETs. <em>35mV</em> supply voltage was used for a SET built inverter circuit and the supply voltage used for a CMOS inverter was <em>3.5V</em>. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITRS" title="ITRS">ITRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancement%20type%20MOSFET" title=" enhancement type MOSFET"> enhancement type MOSFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=island" title=" island"> island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20analysis" title=" DC analysis"> DC analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20analysis" title=" transient analysis"> transient analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20consumption" title=" power consumption"> power consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20charge%20co-tunneling" title=" background charge co-tunneling"> background charge co-tunneling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17949/replacing-mosfets-with-single-electron-transistors-set-to-reduce-power-consumption-of-an-inverter-circuit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Risk Spillover Between Stock Indices and Real Estate Mixed Copula Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Munir%20Abbasi">Hina Munir Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current paper examines the relationship and diversification ability of Islamic stock indices /conventional stocks indices and Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs).To represent conditional dependency between stocks and REITs in a more realistic way, new modeling technique, time-varying copula with switching dependence is used. It represents reliance structure more accurately and realistically than a single copula regime as dependence may alter between positive and negative correlation regimes with time. The fluctuating behavior of markets has significant impact on economic variables; especially the downward trend during crisis. Overall addition of Real Estate Investment Trust in stocks portfolio reduces risks and provide better diversification benefit. Results varied depending upon the circumstances of the country. REITs provides better diversification benefits for Islamic Stocks, when both markets are bearish and can provide hedging benefit for conventional stocks portfolio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20stocks" title="conventional stocks">conventional stocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20estate%20investment%20trust" title=" real estate investment trust"> real estate investment trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copula" title=" copula"> copula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversification" title=" diversification"> diversification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20spillover" title=" risk spillover"> risk spillover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20heaven" title=" safe heaven"> safe heaven</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164977/risk-spillover-between-stock-indices-and-real-estate-mixed-copula-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Kiddo: Design and Prototype of a Useable Mobile Application for Kids to Learn under Parental Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albandary%20Alamer">Albandary Alamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noura%20Alaskar"> Noura Alaskar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Bukhamseen"> Sana Bukhamseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawaher%20Alkhamis"> Jawaher Alkhamis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Alghamdi"> Enas Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almaha%20Almulhim"> Almaha Almulhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Gull"> Hina Gull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Zagrouba"> Rachid Zagrouba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madeeha%20Saqib"> Madeeha Saqib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A good and healthy seed will always produce a nice fruit, whereas an infected seed will produce an infected fruit. The same concept applies to the children, and the healthier the environment in which the kids grow, the more likely they become valuable members of society. Kiddo project introduces us to a mobile application that focuses on enhancing the sense of responsibility from a young age and makes raising kids fun and easy. The application aims to enhance the communication between parents and their children and to enrich the good habits of the kid. Kiddo Application enables kids to share their accomplishments with their peers in an interactive environment full of enjoyment, followed by parental monitoring to handle what their kids are posting and friends following. Kiddo provides the kids' and parents’ society with a safe platform free of cyberbullying and inappropriate content with parents' fun engagement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kids%20social%20media" title="kids social media">kids social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20app" title=" educational app"> educational app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child-raising" title=" child-raising"> child-raising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20control" title=" parental control"> parental control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyberbullying" title=" cyberbullying"> cyberbullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent-child%20relationship" title=" parent-child relationship"> parent-child relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20habits" title=" good habits"> good habits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149933/kiddo-design-and-prototype-of-a-useable-mobile-application-for-kids-to-learn-under-parental-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> The Viability of Islamic Finance and Its Impact on Global Financial Stability: Evidence from Practical Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Shahzad%20Shabbir">Malik Shahzad Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saarim%20Ghazi"> Muhammad Saarim Ghazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Khalil%20ur%20Rehman"> Amir Khalil ur Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the factors which influence and contribute towards the financial viability of Islamic finance and its impact on global financial stability. However, the purpose of this paper is to differentiate the practical implications of both Islamic and conventional finance on global financial stability. The Islamic finance is asset backed financing which creates wealth through trade, commerce and believes in risk and return sharing. Islamic banking is asset driven as against to conventional banking which is liability driven. In order to introduce new financial products for market, financial innovation in Islamic finance must be within the Shari’ah parameters that are tested against the ‘Maqasid al-Shari’ah’. Interest-based system leads to income and wealth inequalities and mis-allocation of resources. Moreover, this system has absence of just and equitable aspect of distribution that may exploit either the debt holder or the financier. Such implications are reached to a tipping point that leaves only one choice: change or face continued decline and misery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viability" title="viability">viability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20financial%20stability" title=" global financial stability"> global financial stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practical%20implications" title=" practical implications"> practical implications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20driven" title=" asset driven"> asset driven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tipping%20point" title=" tipping point"> tipping point</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43819/the-viability-of-islamic-finance-and-its-impact-on-global-financial-stability-evidence-from-practical-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Urban Growth and Land Use Change in Islamabad Using Object-Based Classification Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Shabbir">Rabia Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheikh%20Saeed%20Ahmad"> Sheikh Saeed Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Butt"> Amna Butt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid land use changes have taken place in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, over the past decades due to accelerated urbanization and industrialization. In this study, land use changes in the metropolitan area of Islamabad was observed by the combined use of GIS and satellite remote sensing for a time period of 15 years. High-resolution Google Earth images were downloaded from 2000-2015, and object-based classification method was used for accurate classification using eCognition software. The information regarding urban settlements, industrial area, barren land, agricultural area, vegetation, water, and transportation infrastructure was extracted. The results showed that the city experienced a spatial expansion, rapid urban growth, land use change and expanding transportation infrastructure. The study concluded the integration of GIS and remote sensing as an effective approach for analyzing the spatial pattern of urban growth and land use change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20change" title="land use change">land use change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20growth" title=" urban growth"> urban growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamabad" title=" Islamabad"> Islamabad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-based%20classification" title=" object-based classification"> object-based classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google%20Earth" title=" Google Earth"> Google Earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107229/spatio-temporal-assessment-of-urban-growth-and-land-use-change-in-islamabad-using-object-based-classification-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Macroeconomic Measure of Projectification: An Empirical Study of Pakistani Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafaq%20Rana">Shafaq Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Ansar"> Hina Ansar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Projectification is an emerging phenomenon in Western economies. The projects have become the key driver of the economic actions. The impact of projectification is understudy for over a decade. A methodology was developed to measure the degree of projectification at economical level, which was later adapted to measure the degree of projectification in Germany, Norway, and Iceland; and compared the differences in these project societies, considering their industrial structure, organizational size, and the share of project work. Using the same methodology, this study aims to provide empirical evidence of the project work in the context of Pakistan –a developing nation, keeping into consideration the macroeconomic measures, qualitative and quantitative measures of the project i/c GDP, monetary measures, and project success. The research includes a qualitative pre-study to define these macro-measures in the country-specific context and a quantitative study to measure the project work w.r.t hours working in the organizations on projects. The outcome of this study provides the key data on the projectification in a developing economy, which will help industry practitioners and decision-makers to examine the consequences of projectification and strategize, respectively. This study also provides a foundation for further research in individual sectors of the country while exploring different macroeconomic questions, including the effect of projectification on project productivity, income effects, and labor market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20economy" title="developing economy">developing economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20work" title=" project work"> project work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projectification" title=" projectification"> projectification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127527/macroeconomic-measure-of-projectification-an-empirical-study-of-pakistani-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Degree Tracking System (DTS) to Improve the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Open Distance Learning System: A Case Study of Islamabad Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatib%20Shabbir">Hatib Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Student support services play an important role in providing technical and motivational support to distance learner. ICT based systems have improved the efficiency and effectiveness of support services. In distance education, students being at distant require quick responses from their institution. In the manual system, it is practically hard to give prompt response to each and every student, so as a result student has to suffer a lot. The best way to minimize inefficiencies is to use automated systems. This project involves the development of centralized automated software that would not only replace the manual degree issuance system of 1.3 million students studying at AIOU but also provide online tracking to all the students applying for Degrees. DTS is also the first step towards the paperless culture which is adopted by the major organizations of the world. DTS would not only save university cost but also save students cost and time too by conveying all the information/objection through email and SMS. Moreover, DTS also monitors the performance of each and every individual working in the exam department AIOU and generates daily, monthly and yearly reports of every individual which helps a lot in continuous performance monitoring of the employees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aiou%20dts" title="aiou dts">aiou dts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dts%20aiou" title=" dts aiou"> dts aiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dts" title=" dts"> dts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20tracking%20aiou" title=" degree tracking aiou"> degree tracking aiou</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58043/degree-tracking-system-dts-to-improve-the-efficiency-and-effectiveness-of-open-distance-learning-system-a-case-study-of-islamabad-allama-iqbal-open-university-aiou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Developing Structured Sizing Systems for Manufacturing Ready-Made Garments of Indian Females Using Decision Tree-Based Data Mining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Kausher">Hina Kausher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangita%20Srivastava"> Sangita Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, there is a lack of standard, systematic sizing approach for producing readymade garments. Garments manufacturing companies use their own created size tables by modifying international sizing charts of ready-made garments. The purpose of this study is to tabulate the anthropometric data which covers the variety of figure proportions in both height and girth. 3,000 data has been collected by an anthropometric survey undertaken over females between the ages of 16 to 80 years from some states of India to produce the sizing system suitable for clothing manufacture and retailing. This data is used for the statistical analysis of body measurements, the formulation of sizing systems and body measurements tables. Factor analysis technique is used to filter the control body dimensions from a large number of variables. Decision tree-based data mining is used to cluster the data. The standard and structured sizing system can facilitate pattern grading and garment production. Moreover, it can exceed buying ratios and upgrade size allocations to retail segments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometric%20data" title="anthropometric data">anthropometric data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title=" decision tree"> decision tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garments%20manufacturing" title=" garments manufacturing"> garments manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing%20systems" title=" sizing systems"> sizing systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ready-made%20garments" title=" ready-made garments"> ready-made garments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108349/developing-structured-sizing-systems-for-manufacturing-ready-made-garments-of-indian-females-using-decision-tree-based-data-mining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Critical Discourse Analysis of Political TV Talk Show of Pakistani Media </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Saleem">Sumaira Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Hussain"> Sajjad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Kashif%20Shahzad"> Asma Kashif Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Shaheen"> Hina Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims at exploring the relationship between language and ideology and how such relationships are represented in the analysis of spoken texts, following Van Dijk’s Socio Cognitive Model (2002). In this study, it is tried to show that political Talk shows broadcast by Private TV channels are working apparatuses of ideology and store meanings which are not always obvious for readers. This analysis was about the situation created by Arslan Iftkhar, the son of ex-Chief Justice of Pakistan, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudry and PTI Chief Imran Khan. Arslan Iftikhar submitted an application against Imran Khan that he is not able to become a member of parliament of Pakistan. In the application, he demanded the documents, which are submitted by Imran Khan at the time of Election to the Election Commission of Pakistan. Murad Ali from PTI also submitted an application against PM Nawaz Sharif to the Election Commission of Pakistan for providing the copies. It also suggests that these talk shows mystify the agency of processes by using various strategies. In other words, critical text analyses reveal how these choices enable speakers to manipulate the realizations of agency and power in the representation of action to produce particular meanings which are not always explicit for all readers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECP" title="ECP">ECP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDA" title=" CDA"> CDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio%20cognitive%20model" title=" socio cognitive model"> socio cognitive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TV%20channels" title=" TV channels"> TV channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17046/critical-discourse-analysis-of-political-tv-talk-show-of-pakistani-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">737</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Characterization of Mg/Sc System for X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Water Window Range</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Verma">Hina Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karine%20Le%20Guen"> Karine Le Guen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20H.%20Modi"> Mohammed H. Modi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajnish%20Dhawan"> Rajnish Dhawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Jonnard"> Philippe Jonnard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Periodic multilayer mirrors have potential application as optical components in X-ray microscopy, particularly working in the water window region. The water window range, located between the absorption edges of carbon (285 eV) and oxygen (530eV), along with the presence of nitrogen K absorption edge (395 eV), makes it a powerful method for imaging biological samples due to the natural optical contrast between water and carbon. We characterized bilayer, trilayer, quadrilayer, and multilayer systems of Mg/Sc with ZrC thin layers introduced as a barrier layer and capping layer prepared by ion beam sputtering. The introduction of ZrC as a barrier layer is expected to improve the structure of the Mg/Sc system. The ZrC capping layer also prevents the stack from oxidation. The structural analysis of the Mg/Sc systems was carried out by using grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity (GIXRR) to obtain non-destructively a first description of the structural parameters, thickness, roughness, and density of the layers. Resonant soft X-ray reflectivity measurements in the vicinity of Sc L-absorption edge were performed to investigate and quantify the atomic distribution of deposited layers. Near absorption edge, the atomic scattering factor of an element changes sharply depending on its chemical environment inside the structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buried%20interfaces" title="buried interfaces">buried interfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20soft%20X-ray%20reflectivity" title=" resonant soft X-ray reflectivity"> resonant soft X-ray reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20optics" title=" X-ray optics"> X-ray optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20reflectivity" title=" X-ray reflectivity"> X-ray reflectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137075/characterization-of-mgsc-system-for-x-ray-spectroscopy-in-the-water-window-range" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Effect of Different Types of Washes on the Fabric Strength of Denim</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Gul%20Rajpoot">Hina Gul Rajpoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wazeer%20Hussain%20Solangi"> Wazeer Hussain Solangi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental Design (DOE) economically maximizes information; we deliberately change one or more process variables (looms) in order to observe the effect the changes have on one or more response fabric properties. In DOE obtained data can be analyzed to yield valid and objective conclusions. An Experimental Design is lying out of a detailed experimental plan in advance and maximizes the amount of "information" that can be obtained for a given amount of experimental. Fabric of 36 inches having following weaves was used. 3/1 twill, warp cotton (10.5 den), weft Lycra (16 spandex * 70 den) Ends per inch86, Picks per inch 52 and washes process includes Stone wash, Rinse wash, Bleaching and Enzyme wash. Once the samples were ready, they were subjected to tensile and tear strength tests, for these two kinds of samples were considered. One washed fabric samples of warp direction type and other type of the samples was weft direction. Then five samples from each were considered for tensile and teat strength tests separately then takes the mean value. The results found that the lowest strength damaged in the weft direction observed by tensile strength test & Enzyme wash. Maximum breaking load of the enzyme washed fabric sample was 42 kg. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twill" title="twill">twill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigo%20dye" title=" indigo dye"> indigo dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tear%20strength" title=" tear strength"> tear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loom" title=" loom"> loom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20warp" title=" ball warp"> ball warp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denier%20or%20den" title=" denier or den"> denier or den</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seam" title=" seam"> seam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waist%20band" title=" waist band"> waist band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilling" title=" pilling"> pilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selvage" title=" selvage"> selvage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91506/effect-of-different-types-of-washes-on-the-fabric-strength-of-denim" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Rethinking Peace Journalism in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of News Discourse on the Afghan Refugee Repatriation Conflict</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Hasan">Ayesha Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study offers unique perspectives and analyses of peace and conflict journalism through interpretative repertoire, media frames, and critical discourse analyses. Two major English publications in Pakistan, representing both long and short-form journalism, are investigated to uncover how the Afghan refugee repatriation from Pakistan in 2016-17 has been framed in Pakistani English media. Peace journalism focuses on concepts such as peace initiatives and peace building, finding common ground, and preventing further conflict. This study applies Jake Lynch’s Coding Criteria to guide the critical discourse analysis and Lee and Maslog’s Peace Journalism Quotient to examine the extent of peace journalism in each text. This study finds that peace journalism is missing in Pakistani English press, but represented, to an extent, in long-form print and online coverage. Two new alternative frames are also proposed. This study gives an in-depth understanding of if and how journalists in Pakistan are covering conflicts and framing stories that can be identified as peace journalism. This study represents significant contributions to the remarkably limited scholarship on peace and conflict journalism in Pakistan and extends Shabbir Hussain’s work on critical pragmatic perspectives on peace journalism in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghan%20refugee%20repatriation" title="Afghan refugee repatriation">Afghan refugee repatriation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Critical%20discourse%20analysis" title=" Critical discourse analysis"> Critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Media%20framing" title=" Media framing "> Media framing </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peace%20and%20conflict%20journalism" title=" Peace and conflict journalism"> Peace and conflict journalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102633/rethinking-peace-journalism-in-pakistan-a-critical-analysis-of-news-discourse-on-the-afghan-refugee-repatriation-conflict" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Parent’s Perspective about the Impact of Digital Storytelling on a Child’s Moral Development in the Early Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Abdul%20Majeed">Hina Abdul Majeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The story has a powerful impact on the human mind of all age groups. There are various ways to tell stories; one of the forms is digital storytelling. Digital storytelling is getting popular nowadays; it mainly catalyzes a child's holistic development in the early years. Thus, this study's primary purpose is to explore parents' perception of the impact of digital storytelling on developing children's moral values and the change that occurs in child's moral behavior and attitude using the digital storytelling tool. Literature was reviewed by exploring the recent studies on digital stories and their impact on child's development. This study was based on a mixed-method approach, considering qualitative and quantitative research designs. The population for this study included parents of early years children who resided in Karachi. However, parents of two to six years old children were targeted as samples by selecting using a purposive sample method. Thus, 100 parents were chosen for the quantitative survey, and five parents were interviewed to collect qualitative data. Questionnaires were developed for collecting data from parents through surveys and interviews. The SPSS was used to analyze the quantitative data, and the parents' responses collected during discussions were presented in narrative form. The findings show that the impact of digital storytelling, in most parents' opinion, is positive in inculcating moral values in their children. Moreover, parents also endorse the changes in child's behavior and attitude due to digital stories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20storytelling" title="digital storytelling">digital storytelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20development" title=" moral development"> moral development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20years" title=" early years"> early years</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162826/parents-perspective-about-the-impact-of-digital-storytelling-on-a-childs-moral-development-in-the-early-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> The Complementary Explanations of Institutional and Feminist Perspectives for Female Social Enterprise in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sohail%20Yunis">Mohammad Sohail Yunis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Hashim"> Hina Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alistair%20R.%20Anderson"> Alistair R. Anderson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship is gendered with masculine qualities, yet social enterprise epitomizes caring a feminine quality. However enterprising practices may have little to do with gender. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to examine practices using two very different explanatory theories, feminist and institutional theory, to establish the role played by gender. This study is situated in KP, the poor but traditional north of Pakistan. Utilising on an interpretive qualitative research approach, this research collected data through in-depth interviews with ten women social entrepreneurs of KP, Pakistan and analyzed using thematic analysis. Empirically, this paper identifies and describes on a number of interesting themes that relate to the women entrepreneurship such as 'women empowerment, patriarchal culture, role of culture and societal norms, religious extremism and terrorism, forced entrepreneurs, change creators, institutional corruption, and security issues'. In addition, female social enterprise in KP is set in a patriarchal, masculine culture, but the practices negotiate institutional obstacles to bring benefits to the disenfranchised. Finally, this research claims to present an original insight into female social entrepreneurship in a developing country context and provide fresh theoretical and empirical perspectives to advance knowledge and scholarship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20social%20entrepreneurship" title="female social entrepreneurship">female social entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20theory" title=" institutional theory"> institutional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminist%20theory" title=" feminist theory"> feminist theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83007/the-complementary-explanations-of-institutional-and-feminist-perspectives-for-female-social-enterprise-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Study of Buried Interfaces in Fe/Si Multilayer by Hard X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Verma">Hina Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karine%20Le%20Guen"> Karine Le Guen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renaud%20Dalaunay"> Renaud Dalaunay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyas%20Ismail"> Iyas Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vita%20Ilakovac"> Vita Ilakovac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Pascal%20Rueff"> Jean Pascal Rueff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunlin%20Jacques%20Zheng"> Yunlin Jacques Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Jonnard"> Philippe Jonnard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To the extent of our knowledge, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has been applied in the soft x-ray region (photon energy ≤ 2 keV) to study the buried layers and interfaces of stacks of nanometer-thin films. Now we extend the methodology to study the buried interfaces in the hard X-ray region (i.e., ≥ five keV). The emission spectra allow us to study the interactions between elements in the buried layers from the analysis of their valence states, thereby providing sensitive information about the physical-chemical environment of the emitting element in multilayers. We exploit the chemical sensitivity of XES to study the interfaces between Fe and Si layers in the Fe/Si multilayer from the Fe Kβ₂,₅ emission spectra (7108 eV). The Fe Kβ₅ emission line results from the electronic transition from occupied 3d to 1s levels (i.e., valence to core transition) and is hence sensitive to the chemical state of emitting Fe atoms. The comparison of emission spectra recorded for Fe/Si multilayer with Fe and FeSi₂ references reveal the formation of FeSi₂ at the Fe-Si interfaces inside the multilayer stack. The interfacial thickness was calculated to be 1.4 ± 0.2 nm by taking into consideration the intensity of Fe atoms emitted from the interface and the Fe layer. The formation of FeSi₂ at the interface was further confirmed by the X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy done on the Fe/Si multilayer. Hence, we can conclude that the XES in the hard X-ray range could be used to study multilayers and their interfaces and obtain information both qualitatively and quantitatively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buried%20interfaces" title="buried interfaces">buried interfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20X-ray%20emission%20spectroscopy" title=" hard X-ray emission spectroscopy"> hard X-ray emission spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20photoelectron%20spectroscopy" title=" X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"> X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136026/study-of-buried-interfaces-in-fesi-multilayer-by-hard-x-ray-emission-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Site Suitability Analysis for Multipurpose Dams Using Geospatial Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saima%20Iftikhar%20Rida%20Shabbir">Saima Iftikhar Rida Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeeshan%20Hassan"> Zeeshan Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water shortage, energy crisis and natural misfortunes are the glitches which reduce the efficacy of agricultural ecosystems especially in Pakistan where these are more frequent besides being intense. Accordingly, the agricultural water resources, food security and country’s economy are at risk. To address this, we have used Geospatial techniques incorporating ASTER Global DEM, Geological map, rainfall data, discharge data, Landsat 5 image of Swat valley in order to assess the viability of selected sites. The sites have been studied via GIS tools, Hydrological investigation and multiparametric analysis for their potentialities of collecting and securing the rain water; regulating floods by storing the surplus water bulks by check dams and developing them for power generation. Our results showed that Siat1-1 was very useful for low-cost dam with main objective of as Debris dam; Site-2 and Site 3 were check dams sites having adequate storing reservoir so as to arrest the inconsistent flow accompanied by catering the sedimentation effects and the debris flows; Site 4 had a huge reservoir capacity but it entails enormous edifice cost over very great flood plain. Thus, there is necessity of active Hydrological developments to estimate the flooded area using advanced and multifarious GIS and remote sensing approaches so that the sites could be developed for harnessing those sites for agricultural and energy drives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20suitability" title="site suitability">site suitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=check%20dams" title=" check dams"> check dams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHP" title=" SHP"> SHP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20analysis" title=" terrain analysis"> terrain analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20estimation" title=" volume estimation "> volume estimation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47533/site-suitability-analysis-for-multipurpose-dams-using-geospatial-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Study on the Impact of Windows Location on Occupancy Thermal Comfort by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20E%20Shafrin">Farhan E Shafrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khandaker%20Shabbir%20Ahmed"> Khandaker Shabbir Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural ventilation strategies continue to be a key alternative to costly mechanical ventilation systems, especially in healthcare facilities, due to increasing energy issues in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Besides, overcrowding and insufficient ventilation strategies remain significant causes of thermal discomfort and hospital infection in Bangladesh. With the proper location of inlet and outlet windows, uniform flow is possible in the occupancy area to achieve thermal comfort. It also determines the airflow pattern of the ward that decreases the movement of the contaminated air. This paper aims to establish a relationship between the location of the windows and the thermal comfort of the occupants in a naturally ventilated hospital ward. It defines the openings and ventilation variables that are interrelated in a way that enhances or limits the health and thermal comfort of occupants. The study conducts a full-scale experiment in one of the naturally ventilated wards in a primary health care hospital in Manikganj, Dhaka. CFD simulation is used to explore the performance of various opening positions in ventilation efficiency and thermal comfort in the study area. The results indicate that the opening located in the hospital ward has a significant impact on the thermal comfort of the occupants and the airflow pattern inside the ward. The findings can contribute to design the naturally ventilated hospital wards by identifying and predicting future solutions when it comes to relationships with the occupants' thermal comforts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20simulation" title="CFD simulation">CFD simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20ward" title=" hospital ward"> hospital ward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20location" title=" window location"> window location</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129282/study-on-the-impact-of-windows-location-on-occupancy-thermal-comfort-by-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Shabbir&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Shabbir&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div 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