CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "subs.ft.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e92b70ffd48ce0e',cH: 'ZA33g_l8Pi7sRKPWcGSIIkoQIMGkCquqeQzZ7EHtALg-1732716766-1.2.1.1-kKRow.sLUgkvlb_A.vKNAHfxcS30vUjPm3TX7Ckm995rxsRUkhZIX.qtanHfDYs3',cUPMDTk: "\/ft-app?shortlink=2khsqyrh&c=FT-OSM_FT_GLO_Anon_DR-footerlink|2023-12-8|fttools&pid=Web-to-app&af_click_lookback=7d&af_xp=custom&source_caller=ui&__cf_chl_tk=ai2N4MJmDh.dn4B4D4hxVlBNYsYMueALhevTY.k9UDE-1732716766-1.0.1.1-F.a725meYGBtDROTIM7RXTXwCIV_Ivl6JlmzS.4NF4s",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732716766',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/ft-app?shortlink=2khsqyrh&c=FT-OSM_FT_GLO_Anon_DR-footerlink|2023-12-8|fttools&pid=Web-to-app&af_click_lookback=7d&af_xp=custom&source_caller=ui&__cf_chl_f_tk=ai2N4MJmDh.dn4B4D4hxVlBNYsYMueALhevTY.k9UDE-1732716766-1.0.1.1-F.a725meYGBtDROTIM7RXTXwCIV_Ivl6JlmzS.4NF4s",md: "yz2sMjZk3G8hbg1xIxYRkhOTZu8mnXVjfPEH3HBCdEg-1732716766-1.2.1.1-BqQeKEfESBfZbqXEjG3FWBZPKdF77o5tjM4sNEGQmiw1HI3AXgx35MnbiSorFKnGZgDHTL9mAGSGvn.AD1MIBASn19Dy5ekUF918ZPS6JfPRtdZfEiimmbBfy1Vkyb0fsmPXDXnu4xfZc0TGouF2DNNHbTxlmNMOuMPfarKwns46eGafWhnbalCYQQUC3dDF9QWiLY94yKfFnE_eRRTFKW_EoRi7LPRlXjfxT4Je4ZLsfiFknpyw9F8hi1zdonRCUa9ReSkx4kcZJ.eXcPCAngz1VqQjPLZpXROS3CrbzA6tswTmFGZgENBc.SfrMbTHOEIqTt5rKaFabeLpTEFDMezn8J_3y_pvHt.ilBx3QfsfvNWBTUrIZKa0m9FOAb2wdQKzAg2_c_GeHIS2rzopN9cjHdbIruCucRecoS_jRsBSrMHN7EfOzToL1_.uS6WpKtmqSXC8diEBuA0uVL6TiePa_x97k5YJp_Po_480Y2KpS3IOvbUfQxQhP_aG6ivF_y90wdTRuyTXQOvZT2obyblCozcrx4vJe16Fyj2m2HHaj6OAKmS28TMsKeW1ktPFugUEnF_Ne_SBNTO9cykujNoBmBpdWM3WqBrXRveqVzWLji2MND_r.4nwUP9JebYPSPE56LBp3u1gN0mo8sSpJCd5P3UJ8uzy0pDdmBwuenQV.6sisTRyD2uTQ7mqTTV8nkvpSmy9wurMdKZjoFsljuSaS8qwNLdRvIQXlkKAKpTznTzTElzz96LGaaHHu9uqQ3NY5RJ4Ava30wib1wG7NkfsMhHeH7lg4UvC3mHbkj8a.CPOsoSRcNHy2zbyvQsvcfOv775chBhcW7t0y12usk6GSJ3cwzN_nS2dpcovOPGpPvLbJ95J9cfVl4v1TiOOCYqzykR8HUnAt4DwltN2vWz.7K02TAhiEzbljHFGy7.9vuM6wO3OleVlh1mBDSSZoqK_7N0iKCUTB8UwLcFfNUViM5awJme8sELA3GtRDR0HxIR5mC1BlkjqKevoLgRKTG6Knrel3e8Gg3SiMXplqyyfs0IjYCIrlHbGd72V4OOescfv98xhoknuJPEGd9i8qU4BAPZo05upnxLTWKY.F0CQ.hb1WwVY_HZ6JIPuRyHbTMz_mYgsbmQGiVtx2iCmQSBujBfZ7XXfGKlD97bek0ZvDvZavHVXxxM2znFNvkZDNXw3LYuNPfn83IBx3iDhJOF.7Z56z9NJUQwrDMZWeB_Qo27U71M5LuBRcrhBDpYgKY464Lfw_eAmZU9jqhZ0nsCN7wcb2ndFy_6eUBJUeMwtUQEJ2LRaqLaQEKvItxfd2_Y8LOi3FI9vb7fVQBlRRt11iIbn6pxWFY8SJ_40pf50ZtYvCb.YOqTZKkiB9EasFVErFL8dIQS76M7wniuvn_XX8iSqGEkAopougpxqQ85ZkKg7IjbX_v1YXBe.9kUrpuwQnCN2psJayUwFKYxrV7u5azLC048denaLmsJGVfwlr2viDb9Y_oKDmC9HJN69o17R1.ms6BviODmV3LedDoof3sWin.OtZwnIRwgZQnx6uK77r51..QWzDEHISWQpgNqf5uMb8dhazYKfRQClTEgUqShZnAipsNUkx3NuswV1jNBCO3_lUU5t6QCPs6w7eyDkel5uLeZ3YH5TtPl3MsA5JgR_RLxPHBlv_EcV9yJ9x63555oijZr9_kKH5Mb3dzmRukEIaj7qU2YcJpwqquSzI1f_YhJIAj5Yd5v13vVtxxassHmGDEye7DppNi0HgKq2Xcw9s0dyGZh5o1CjyEOzsEcP1C.BG1WO1r7vwyAdzyHrC8Vb9kwR7lfF5CKYmvo026gik3vJl2LHdKXiYB3JcMRyJLrZZ1DG749kgE3xdgWm0tEeky0fX3KrvBjdwF97ppDsvXqd3qfzDt2Y3lVmmp9nJsBZhn5Nm9ALjSxVltqKZyyTtV06wnZsdf0gTZOF5eShwguUFNQ7sGLRN1iuHJewyEL_Ajqhi83e.iF18ghf0WpkxM3iim6T_7OjmfNzR2LfPuiDXiKTK4US5WxCkurb.U.cYo93fRXYtns1XrIuHIMIP0_zFuFseuoOMBgq1XNpksT.._sv1c9aVNRdlFbRr8HSBLcGN_IfuHmdVpLBXiqjvhdt6y1BMYgt7css8L4pEIeuEWCHOZ1yB5_bn6jVrR3IfyMQwvKsFMmTHu_KQFRMEVGJzhlCuVUMk483UdBEvOzm3kPiHB7N0sj2iODc.Y7mRXW8vzKshxXMOF2n4dOVy2ipjQ4eZ0slXcwcA9ydMeaQYRkOCOFNfY3pWQwY2SSxY2We92Uml4nQ41aN6aOLcKCyMWMPnEKrHaUwNrzRo7TzFaJxIpg2.LgqqKWLGDACwAUh4aQsciB1iLg1wSQP_FfJTBlEV3SA_3uEbN_emJXJUPjvdzLgYQLSrot9I1NddVBo_09yrfD8Chsk.LI4R8TF1xmlUoePUQr0sFmZUA2qnOsx6h0pUn.UB7bL1Olp52Lno5MN4a6Hk.cLXH9XQcFKl.O7uWTGoNoxlAFRDCfZ.RT6txlssrd8fKFgTjfDw_k9uRy5t.dYX538GSgJRA_mR0wA7ZOelugIZdtFCTCifVV.aN9FjhyUiFRV_unguzn16MIB8ayJJciUo4VGfq8Cu1iiLfB2IMueehO9MgCFHsN2vylxvqpVOXzMxqddZ9AaJAKUj1YzC9LcW8dQHM6TUKOyCCRqV2wxipnehAyrLnFCFMIFyjjP5TxSJEGysqwgKKyeaLzieoQHBUKPdRud.ZW8IxTfvVq80IkO1Y9Ov4wbULJ2huPpjZuiqO_BGumB.BAtK.rdjrrxekRLmIogIlXe2mrOOhwZSj_9o94Qb2LrpTJzwL_meoEWHUZxsoWYHEB7QuG.EZqfOSuAZC0II.aXCVHLAdzsS_WgFpykuCqwk.RhKNsldGF9yA2jO7VRh5550ZAKtRsJkFgQDBdVeO7RTI2YWzi7_ZLWUSIKj4XWqB9G8Tz.ZxgTzMaFBFH7ZdUSF.wFJOmgWwzR89UP.dI23hN1DtEQLcjOm3b0axmu.jqfDHF6Qc2aI4LqNawe8UzJfBo_6X7CPeXB0cZiG8BSCDMX8VEmc3TN8yW.zoMhOm6cakClHahVBBATvOGHyiUExm2X_r9VXPYMkN34AXgvygjAtzeooCMIKxkgaeekA9c080Gt96hJzmFR2Bszs_QSkU.JH63.gxcHz6ZVCqFvWbJYnyKLlqma_rqIKAsUdWCA",mdrd: "lvLFoNwwWfBAfqXjwKGOZWS8sT.ACKCFa9wxRHb5E_0-1732716766-1.2.1.1-hi2g7Hikk0wUWAFpL8xlK4nuK2s6nFXAIqz.85Tp0ARw1kyyDR9hbKnrhGc1VomkC2GQJ9pnJ8un9qkY.00tYyUDFdU0UGedQ8paUN5OfBpdHbI4hlXRca_o7Rk0TicqCCC_D9MM.3Ptj3wNJ.H.eC.zTKy6uvUeQ8R2tSNPdQPIpMdF7NTIP0G.jAsrRzmzxtppOvhq.ayXwIH8lqdRWu676HRK_0IATjo72yuBtBtOxz9cJLT37l00Gpbn.UTbv8b708Vs0vpCUdntwr3TKqefytDEctlKof_EinElNH1EbK8FKR6UYQz8.B5SAmQRt3UOKsviaAa5G.I7W3or5RyirQt5fpQFYaNxwDmryrO5.W_0VF5Dt8Ltkj9z4kfdpAYUvJj7.ZcHJRkqVd_qnxMNyJl5nx7zQGsMGNTEXo3gFR.D9sEfnjpeQHwK0X7ebe_JzoRBqTxhj4NVSSoVL_Cqq39Kho_hNEUabQc49eZ2UQv2Sl2uUuMF8.3hUwnMkU4NrPhWLSRfqCFkC7ziOIVv2vbSBGdoFiWvYlANgrGYU9B3o7MUybVKSM_V_3IRONpQHslFacny3xNLfXnvGdFfdV_ekGnKTkhEJVNNbD1W22a6jrrmVIS6gM7ekXwTi3hPYdhSWiqUe2cxulJHY_m7XW_RqnvL8dXIHpGYEPxuxePApr_8ZGho.khZcqjY99b4mfYrwSINolp1_MUF4ztyfRs9qmxDnuEWcJZnha5jq6DdvaGl0SXjeH6okGY6O_vjqyhI0CEfImzLMZk.tMAO1msus8Xj74MeYi3xsPUMkzDjcFsmfv_8pZWRZRQwqU2uyLCYXCe4vAo32fM_HRb6_k4V94zd3NGNaeuCgKYnUJl6sAchdPCwy705zELWqLxFDfovYzujWPRTrR_ZbbEbmQm9S1qcc18L2Hk23DnM3jhE1YhtS_x4BQVUpL0vi17tF3iDgWVLwxpllDuNePTINQAnLj0p9Q7oZbLXnviNIBHAseqghuM6dr6euPxu5GplewBgN33a43Af4EzXdKiTSal6aeqd77xfHaCZuP6P2egJX1dBDZKSz7TqxNpL5louZzRi2atMWmfe2.p7ZM4QMmNpm4pna8JplzQfkswfxHIyh2YDr.A49psyxHFtIm8EKLPpYcmhLw7_ZGln.PmHcfke1JNEfCjIa7yGsmP4LqibJLc1k6H35v5Us0sdB9y8hp85rt3ChH03pkYt2u.4.Vf44uj6v4QMJgD1OI5kDUA.RGsR2qoYLFR2OaQvB9sP.egjotaexJOlzZ_bEr9.S7vfA1VTgm8feJRQOxob0J1v8KcwPk1ySUhuSQcQo8PVCjZeRzlQJZxzKY3TG3E4iVnwCSd8LUxrd0FSgzLFWnWdiMjlqqjcuD8KonjB37ytT6.NYelE9Pby0fmXQIS1NBUt6cVQabpChbNt2WTEmEU_71Js_4OKBZdP.n3dP5d_A4AGq7vrA5zp.x0CtyQpAZTTVEQoda36xNctTQpavPqwVw29U4vUDNoaRKkH0ZhqaFVzLvnstoLg9vsSt4BVTxuSc452kpj6JKQf9eCE0pbBa.EqkFapEft7NdjkqDuRWTGZ9GDmg0m9gd_jAHqkDmXHOZddKyBIQpWXvdG6eD4nCkcRSN6IoBwzFAks05v9Wh6uqPrdFoirpAmkID91ryXyMvBflNWMr4wu.CYO2yciRTw99BtsYiA95_.NswJaMtVAiFRrm1EodfoOTFnhuLYXlaMBMue57daRryjB.UpCE7d2t6iroKQmlu.L_PomtejUGsEDdjsF3BbYI9eS_gjR.Qj_wEmzwMikQxKZMwPlR0yNAbYfBCxW0LRuYggyH1La98Sk4LUC7lBpTdBDTq_60M6Pd6CamXQfbwBtgI9B87psRBtLxWQdAXsA6KF8IEhMixAhml3kxxxrq4BPf6xv9TjxxFAm1LCWpTw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e92b70ffd48ce0e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/ft-app?shortlink=2khsqyrh&c=FT-OSM_FT_GLO_Anon_DR-footerlink|2023-12-8|fttools&pid=Web-to-app&af_click_lookback=7d&af_xp=custom&source_caller=ui&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ai2N4MJmDh.dn4B4D4hxVlBNYsYMueALhevTY.k9UDE-1732716766-1.0.1.1-F.a725meYGBtDROTIM7RXTXwCIV_Ivl6JlmzS.4NF4s" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>