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Ujang</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Zaini Ujang"> <meta name="keywords" content="Zaini Ujang"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Zaini Ujang"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Zaini Ujang</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Development and Performance of Aerobic Granular Sludge at Elevated Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20M.%20Bob">Mustafa M. Bob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Izaidah%20Azmi"> Siti Izaidah Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hakim%20Ab%20Halim"> Mohd Hakim Ab Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Syahida%20Abdul%20Jamal"> Nur Syahida Abdul Jamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aznah%20Nor-Anuar"> Aznah Nor-Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaini%20Ujang"> Zaini Ujang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, the formation and development of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for domestic wastewater treatment application in hot climate conditions was studied using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The performance of the developed AGS in the removal of organic matter and nutrients from wastewater was also investigated. The operation of the reactor was based on the sequencing batch system with a complete cycle time of 3 hours that included feeding, aeration, settling, discharging and idling. The reactor was seeded with sludge collected from the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Madinah city, Saudi Arabia and operated at a temperature of 40ºC using synthetic wastewater as influent. Results showed that granular sludge was developed after an operation period of 30 days. The developed granular sludge had a good settling ability with the average size of the granules ranging from 1.03 to 2.42 mm. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were 87.31%, 91.93% and 61.25% respectively. These results show that AGS can be developed at elevated temperatures and it is a promising technique to treat domestic wastewater in hot and low humidity climate conditions such as those encountered in Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20granular%20sludge" title="aerobic granular sludge">aerobic granular sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20climate" title=" hot climate"> hot climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequencing%20batch%20reactor" title=" sequencing batch reactor"> sequencing batch reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20wastewater%20treatment" title=" domestic wastewater treatment"> domestic wastewater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15958/development-and-performance-of-aerobic-granular-sludge-at-elevated-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Development of Ultrasounf Probe Holder for Automatic Scanning Asymmetric Reflector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabilah%20Ibrahim">Nabilah Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Mohd%20Zaini"> Hafiz Mohd Zaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Fatin%20Liyana%20Mutalib"> Wan Fatin Liyana Mutalib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrasound equipment or machine is capable to scan in two dimensional (2D) areas. However there are some limitations occur during scanning an object. The problem will occur when scanning process that involving the asymmetric object. In this project, the ultrasound probe holder for asymmetric reflector scanning in 3D image is proposed to make easier for scanning the phantom or object that has asymmetric shape. Initially, the constructed asymmetric phantom that construct will be used in 2D scanning. Next, the asymmetric phantom will be interfaced by the movement of ultrasound probe holder using the Arduino software. After that, the performance of the ultrasound probe holder will be evaluated by using the various asymmetric reflector or phantom in constructing a 3D image <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%203D%20images" title="ultrasound 3D images">ultrasound 3D images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20and%20lateral%20resolution" title=" axial and lateral resolution"> axial and lateral resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20reflector" title=" asymmetric reflector"> asymmetric reflector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arduino%20software" title=" Arduino software"> Arduino software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22856/development-of-ultrasounf-probe-holder-for-automatic-scanning-asymmetric-reflector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Proteomic Analysis of Excretory Secretory Antigen (ESA) from Entamoeba histolytica HM1: IMSS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Othman">N. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ujang"> J. Ujang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Ismail"> M. N. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Noordin"> R. Noordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20H.%20Lim"> B. H. Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amoebiasis is caused by the Entamoeba histolytica and still endemic in many parts of the tropical region, worldwide. Currently, there is no available vaccine against amoebiasis. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine. The excretory secretory antigen (ESA) of E. histolytica is a suitable biomarker for the vaccine candidate since it can modulate the host immune response. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify the proteome of the ESA towards finding suitable biomarker for the vaccine candidate. The non-gel based and gel-based proteomics analyses were performed to identify proteins. Two kinds of mass spectrometry with different ionization systems were utilized i.e. LC-MS/MS (ESI) and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Then, the functional proteins classification analysis was performed using PANTHER software. Combination of the LC -MS/MS for the non-gel based and MALDI-TOF/TOF for the gel-based approaches identified a total of 273 proteins from the ESA. Both systems identified 29 similar proteins whereby 239 and 5 more proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF, respectively. Functional classification analysis showed the majority of proteins involved in the metabolic process (24%), primary metabolic process (19%) and protein metabolic process (10%). Thus, this study has revealed the proteome the E. histolytica ESA and the identified proteins merit further investigations as a vaccine candidate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20histolytica" title="E. histolytica">E. histolytica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESA" title=" ESA"> ESA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker "> biomarker </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34707/proteomic-analysis-of-excretory-secretory-antigen-esa-from-entamoeba-histolytica-hm1-imss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Digital Reconstruction of Museum's Statue Using 3D Scanner for Cultural Preservation in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Zaini">Ahmad Zaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Muhammad%20Reza%20Hadafi"> F. Muhammad Reza Hadafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surya%20Sumpeno"> Surya Sumpeno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhtadin"> Muhtadin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mochamad%20Hariadi"> Mochamad Hariadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lack of information about museum’s collection reduces the number of visits of museum. Museum’s revitalization is an urgent activity to increase the number of visits. The research's roadmap is building a web-based application that visualizes museum in the virtual form including museum's statue reconstruction in the form of 3D. This paper describes implementation of three-dimensional model reconstruction method based on light-strip pattern on the museum statue using 3D scanner. Noise removal, alignment, meshing and refinement model's processes is implemented to get a better 3D object reconstruction. Model’s texture derives from surface texture mapping between object's images with reconstructed 3D model. Accuracy test of dimension of the model is measured by calculating relative error of virtual model dimension compared against the original object. The result is realistic three-dimensional model textured with relative error around 4.3% to 5.8%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20reconstruction" title="3D reconstruction">3D reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20pattern%20structure" title=" light pattern structure"> light pattern structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture%20mapping" title=" texture mapping"> texture mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=museum" title=" museum"> museum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8469/digital-reconstruction-of-museums-statue-using-3d-scanner-for-cultural-preservation-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Cities Idioms Together with ICT and Countries Interested in the Smart City: A Review of Current Status</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20HamaKhurshid%20HamaMurad">Qasim HamaKhurshid HamaMurad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Normal%20Mat%20Jusoh"> Normal Mat Jusoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uznir%20Ujang"> Uznir Ujang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of the city with an infrastructure of (information and communication) Technology embraces several definitions depending on the meanings of the word "smart" are (intelligent city, smart city, knowledge city, ubiquitous city, sustainable city, digital city). Many definitions of the city exist, but this chapter explores which one has been universally acknowledged. From literature analysis, it emerges that Smart City is the most used terminologies in literature through the digital database to indicate the smartness of a city. This paper share exploration the research from main seven website digital databases and journal about Smart City from "January 2015 to the February of 2020" to (a) Time research, to examine the causes of the Smart City phenomenon and other concept literature in the last five years (b) Review of words, to see how and where the smart city specification and relation different definition And(c) Geographical research to consider where Smart Cities' greatest concentrations are in the world and are Malaysia has interacting with the smart city, and (d) how many papers published from all Malaysia from 2015 to 2020 about smart citie. Three steps are followed to accomplish the goal. (1)The analysis covered publications Build a systematic literature review search strategy to gather a representative sub-set of papers on Smart City and other definitions utilizing (GoogleScholar, Elsevier, Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEEXplore, WebofScience, Springer) January2015-February2020. (2)A bibliometric map was formed based on the bibliometric evaluation using the mapping technique VOSviewer to visualize differences. (3)VOSviewer application program was used to build initial clusters. The Map of Bibliometric Visualizes the analytical findings which targeted the word harmony. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bibliometric%20research" title="bibliometric research">bibliometric research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOSviewer" title=" VOSviewer"> VOSviewer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20modernization" title=" urban modernization"> urban modernization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143114/cities-idioms-together-with-ict-and-countries-interested-in-the-smart-city-a-review-of-current-status" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Optimization of Soybean Oil by Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20R.%20Putra">N. R. Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Abdul%20Aziz"> A. H. Abdul Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Zaini"> A. S. Zaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Idham"> Z. Idham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Idrus"> F. Idrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Bin%20Zullyadini"> M. Z. Bin Zullyadini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Che%20Yunus"> M. A. Che Yunus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The content of omega-3 in soybean oil is important in the development of infants and is an alternative for the omega-3 in fish oils. The investigation of extraction of soybean oil is needed to obtain the bioactive compound in the extract. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is modern and green technology to extract herbs and plants to obtain high quality extract due to high diffusivity and solubility of the solvent. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum condition of soybean oil extraction by modified supercritical carbon dioxide. The soybean oil was extracted by using modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) under the temperatures of 40, 60, 80 °C, pressures of 150, 250, 350 Bar, and constant flow-rate of 10 g/min as the parameters of extraction processes. An experimental design was performed in order to optimize three important parameters of SC-CO<sub>2 </sub>extraction which are pressure (X<sub>1</sub>), temperature (X<sub>2</sub>) to achieve optimum yields of soybean oil. Box Behnken Design was applied for experimental design. From the optimization process, the optimum condition of extraction of soybean oil was obtained at pressure 338 Bar and temperature 80 °C with oil yield of 2.713 g. Effect of pressure is significant on the extraction of soybean oil by modified supercritical carbon dioxide. Increasing of pressure will increase the oil yield of soybean oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean%20oil" title="soybean oil">soybean oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SC-CO%E2%82%82%20extraction" title=" SC-CO₂ extraction"> SC-CO₂ extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97054/optimization-of-soybean-oil-by-modified-supercritical-carbon-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Hazard Alert in Malaysia Related to Occupational Safety and Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atikah%20Binti%20Azudin">Atikah Binti Azudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurin%20Nazlah%20Binti%20Muhamad%20Yani"> Nurin Nazlah Binti Muhamad Yani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Alya%20Nadhirah%20Binti%20Naaidith"> Nur Alya Nadhirah Binti Naaidith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Amylia%20Wahida%20Binti%20Mat%20Ayob"> Nur Amylia Wahida Binti Mat Ayob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurshamimi%20Shakirah%20Binti%20Suboh"> Nurshamimi Shakirah Binti Suboh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Auni%20Batrisyia%20Binti%20Md.%20Zaini"> Nur Auni Batrisyia Binti Md. Zaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Aziemah%20Binti%20Mohamad"> Nur Aziemah Binti Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Suffiyah%20Binti%20Sa%E2%80%99Dun"> Nurul Suffiyah Binti Sa’Dun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Sasha%20Izzati%20Binti%20Zubaile"> Sabrina Sasha Izzati Binti Zubaile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umi%20Huwaina%20Binti%20Ahmiruddin"> Umi Huwaina Binti Ahmiruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Nur%20Shafawati%20Binti%20Wan%20Ghazali"> Wan Nur Shafawati Binti Wan Ghazali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hazard alert is intended to provide brief information about significant incidents or existing difficulties in Department workplaces. The alert gives guidelines for proper processes, practices, and controls to be applied. When operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, any machine or tool utilized at work provides a safe and dependable platform for workers to accomplish job duties. However, when not utilized appropriately, the machine might pose a major hazard to employees. Employers have a duty to keep employees safe in this scenario. This Hazard Alert outlines specific occupational dangers and the controls that employers must apply to prevent injury or fatal accidents. There have been several cases of hazard alerts in Malaysia, which have had a negative impact on a few workers. Looking on the bright side, we can overcome every incident in a variety of ways. One of these is that only qualified individuals operate mobile machinery and equipment. In addition, employees may also perform frequent pre-use inspections of machinery to discover and fix flaws. Hazard alert is very important, and this study would cover a variety of subjects, including the methods employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe" title="safe">safe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard" title=" hazard"> hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impacts" title=" impacts"> impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duties." title=" duties."> duties.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166695/hazard-alert-in-malaysia-related-to-occupational-safety-and-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Improving Medication Understanding, Use and Self-Efficacy among Stroke Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial; Study Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamunarani%20Appalasamy">Jamunarani Appalasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tha%20Kyi%20Kyi"> Tha Kyi Kyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quek%20Kia%20Fatt"> Quek Kia Fatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyce%20Pauline%20Joseph"> Joyce Pauline Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuar%20Zaini%20M.%20Zain"> Anuar Zaini M. Zain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The Health Belief Theory had always been associated with chronic disease management. Various health behaviour concepts and perception branching from this Health Belief Theory had involved with medication understanding, use, and self-efficacy which directly link to medication adherence. In a previous quantitative and qualitative study, stroke patients in Malaysia were found to be strongly believing information obtained by various sources such as the internet and social communication. This action leads to lower perception of their stroke preventative medication benefit which in long-term creates non-adherence. Hence, this study intends to pilot an intervention which uses audio-visual concept incorporated with mHealth service to enhance learning and self-reflection among stroke patients to manage their disease. Methods/Design: Twenty patients will be allocated to a proposed intervention whereas another twenty patients are allocated to the usual treatment. The intervention involves a series of developed audio-visual videos sent via mobile phone which later await for responses and feedback from the receiver (patient) via SMS or recorded calls. The primary outcome would be the medication understanding, use and self-efficacy measured over two months pre and post intervention. Secondary outcome is measured from changes of blood parameters and other self-reported questionnaires. Discussion: This study shall also assess uptake/attrition, feasibility, and acceptability of this intervention. Trial Registration: NMRR-15-851-24737 (IIR) <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20belief" title="health belief">health belief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medication%20understanding" title=" medication understanding"> medication understanding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medication%20use" title=" medication use"> medication use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75637/improving-medication-understanding-use-and-self-efficacy-among-stroke-patients-a-randomised-controlled-trial-study-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Fostering Ties and Trusts through Social Interaction within Community Gardening </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahida%20Mohd%20Sharif">Shahida Mohd Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norsidah%20Ujang"> Norsidah Ujang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent research has shown that many of the urban population in Kuala Lumpur, especially from the lower-income group, suffer from socio-psychological problems. They are reported as experiencing anxiety, depression, and stress, which is made worst by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Much of the population was forced to observe the Movement Control Order (MCO), which is part of pandemic mitigation measures, pushing them to live in isolation as the new normal. The study finds the need to strategize for a better approach to help these people coping with the socio-psychological condition, especially the population from the lower-income group. In Kuala Lumpur, as part of the Local Agenda 21 programme, the Kuala Lumpur City Hall has introduced Green Initiative: Urban Farming, which among the approaches is the community garden. The local authority promotes the engagement to be capable of improving the social environment of the participants. Research has demonstrated that social interaction within community gardens can help the members improve their socio-psychological conditions. Therefore, the study explores the residents’ experience from low-cost flats participating in the community gardening initiative from a social attachment perspective. The study will utilise semi-structured interviews to collect the participants’ experience with community gardening and how the social interaction exchange between the members' forms and develop their ties and trust. For a context, the low-cost flats are part of the government social housing program (Program Perumahan Rakyat dan Perumahan Awam). Meanwhile, the community gardening initiative (Projek Kebun Kejiranan Bandar LA21 KL) is part of the local authority initiative to address the participants’ social, environmental, and economic issues. The study will conduct thematic analysis on the collected data and use the ATLAS.ti software for data organization and management purposes. The findings could help other researchers and stakeholders understand the social interaction experience within community gardens and its relation to ties and trusts. The findings could shed some light on how the participants could improve their social environment, and its report could provide the local authority with evidence-based documentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20gardening%20participation" title="community gardening participation">community gardening participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower-income%20population" title=" lower-income population"> lower-income population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20attachment" title=" social attachment"> social attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20interaction" title=" social interaction"> social interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137052/fostering-ties-and-trusts-through-social-interaction-within-community-gardening" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for D-Lactic Acid Production from Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Aqilah%20Mohd%20Zaini">Nurul Aqilah Mohd Zaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afroditi%20Chatzifragkou"> Afroditi Chatzifragkou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitris%20Charalampopoulos"> Dimitris Charalampopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> D-Lactic acid production is gaining increasing attention due to the thermostable properties of its polymer, Polylactic Acid (PLA). In this study, D-lactic acid was produced in microbial cultures using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens as D-lactic acid producer and hydrolysates of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as fermentation substrate. Prior to fermentation, DDGS was first alkaline pretreated with 5% (w/v) NaOH, for 15 minutes (121oC/ ~16 psi). This led to the generation of DDGS solid residues, rich in carbohydrates and especially cellulose (~52%). The carbohydrate-rich solids were then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with Accellerase® 1500. For Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF), enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50oC for 24 hours, followed by fermentation of D-lactic acid at 37oC in controlled pH 6. The obtained hydrolysate contained 24 g/l glucose, 5.4 g/l xylose and 0.6 g/l arabinose. In the case of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), hydrolysis and fermentation were conducted in a single step process at 37oC in pH 5. The enzymatic hydrolysis of DGGS pretreated solids took place mostly during lag phase of L. coryniformis fermentation, with only a small amount of glucose consumed during the first 6 h. When exponential phase was started, glucose generation reduced as the microorganism started to consume glucose for D-lactic acid production. Higher concentrations of D-lactic acid were produced when SSF approach was applied, with 28 g/l D-lactic acid after 24 h of fermentation (84.5% yield). In contrast, 21.2 g/l D-lactic acid were produced when SHF was used. The optical pu rity of D-lactic acid produced from both experiments was 99.9%. Besides, approximately 2 g/l acetic acid was also generated due to lactic acid degradation after glucose depletion in SHF. SSF was proved an efficient towards DDGS ulilisation and D-lactic acid production, by reducing the overall processing time, yielding sufficient D-lactic acid concentrations without the generation of fermentation by-products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDGS" title="DDGS">DDGS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20pretreatment" title=" alkaline pretreatment"> alkaline pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSF" title=" SSF"> SSF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D-lactic%20acid" title=" D-lactic acid"> D-lactic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67133/simultaneous-saccharification-and-fermentation-for-d-lactic-acid-production-from-dried-distillers-grains-with-solubles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Functions of Spatial Structure in Supporting Socialization in Urban Parks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Nasrolah%20Mazandarani">Navid Nasrolah Mazandarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faezeh%20Mohammadi%20Tahrodi"> Faezeh Mohammadi Tahrodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jr."> Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norshida%20Ujang"> Norshida Ujang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Jan%20Pech"> Richard Jan Pech</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human evolution has designed us to be dependent on social and natural settings, but designed of our modern cities often ignore this fact. It is evident that high-rise buildings dominate most metropolitan city centers. As a result urban parks are very limited and in many cases are not socially responsive to our social needs in these urban ‘jungles’. This paper emphasizes the functions of urban morphology in supporting socialization in Lake Garden, one of the main urban parks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses two relevant theories; first the concept of users’ experience coined by Kevin Lynch (1960) which states that way-finding is related to the process of forming mental maps of environmental surroundings. Second, the concept of social activity coined by Jan Gehl (1987) which holds that urban public spaces can be more attractive when they provide welcoming places in which people can walk around and spend time. Until recently, research on socio-spatial behavior mainly focused on social ties, place attachment and human well-being; with less focus on the spatial dimension of social behavior. This paper examines the socio-spatial behavior within the spatial structure of the urban park by exploring the relationship between way-finding and social activity. The urban structures defined by the paths and nodes were analyzed as the fundamental topological structure of space to understand their effects on the social engagement pattern. The study uses a photo questionnaire survey to inspect the spatial dimension in relation to the social activities within paths and nodes. To understand the legibility of the park, spatial cognition was evaluated using sketch maps produced by 30 participants who visited the park. The results of the sketch mapping indicated that a spatial image has a strong interrelation with socio-spatial behavior. Moreover, an integrated spatial structure of the park generated integrated use and social activity. It was found that people recognized and remembered the spaces where they engaged in social activities. They could experience the park more thoroughly, when they found their way continuously through an integrated park structure. Therefore, the benefits of both perceptual and social dimensions of planning and design happened simultaneously. The findings can assist urban planners and designers to redevelop urban parks by considering the social quality design that contributes to clear mental images of these places. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20structure" title="spatial structure">spatial structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20activities" title=" social activities"> social activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sketch%20map" title=" sketch map"> sketch map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20park" title=" urban park"> urban park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=way-finding" title=" way-finding"> way-finding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43433/the-functions-of-spatial-structure-in-supporting-socialization-in-urban-parks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Feasibility of Phenolic Acids Rich Fraction from Gynura procumbens as Potential Antihyperlipidemic Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikneswaran%20Murugaiyah">Vikneswaran Murugaiyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20Ayesh%20Mohammed%20Saghir"> Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kisantini%20Murugesu"> Kisantini Murugesu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Zaini%20Asmawi"> Mohd. Zaini Asmawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirin%20Sadikun"> Amirin Sadikun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gynura procumbens is a popular medicinal plant used as a folk medicine in Southeast Asia to treat kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. The present study aims to investigate the antihyperlipidemic potential of phenolic acids rich fraction (PARF) from G. procumbens in chemically-induced acute and high fat diet-induced chronic hyperlipidemic rats. Ethanolic extract of G. procumbens leaves exhibited significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) of poloxamer 407-induced rats compared to hyperlipidemic control after 58 h of treatment. Upon bioactivity guided fractionation the antihyperlipidemic activity was found to be concentrated in the PARF, which significantly reduced the TC and TG levels (P < 0.001). HPLC analysis revealed that 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid; 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid are the major compounds in the PARF. Likewise, chlorogenic acid (60 mg/kg) exhibited significant reductions in TC and TG levels of hyperlipidemic rats (P < 0.001). Both chlorogenic acid and PARF significantly reduced LDL, VLDL and atherogenic index (P<0.01), while PARF increased the HDL (P < 0.01) compared to hyperlipidemic control. Both were found to be not cytotoxic against normal and cancer cell lines. In addition, LD50 of orally administered PARF was more than 5,000 mg/kg. Further investigation in high fat diet-induced chronic hyperlipidemic rats revealed that chronic administration of PARF dose-dependently restored the increase in lipids parameters. In summary, the phenolic acids rich fraction of G. procumbens leaves showed promising antihyperlipidemic effect in both chemically- and diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats that warrants further elucidation on its mechanisms of action. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antihyperlipidemic" title="Antihyperlipidemic">Antihyperlipidemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gynura%20procumbens" title=" Gynura procumbens"> Gynura procumbens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20acids" title=" phenolic acids"> phenolic acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorogenic%20acid" title=" chlorogenic acid"> chlorogenic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poloxamer-407" title=" poloxamer-407"> poloxamer-407</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20fat%20diet" title=" high fat diet"> high fat diet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61349/feasibility-of-phenolic-acids-rich-fraction-from-gynura-procumbens-as-potential-antihyperlipidemic-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Protein Integrity and Quality of Chicken Meat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafees%20Ahmed">Nafees Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Izyani%20Kamaruzman"> Nur Izyani Kamaruzman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saralla%20Nathan"> Saralla Nathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ezharul%20Hoque%20Chowdhury"> Mohd Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuar%20Zaini%20Md%20Zain"> Anuar Zaini Md Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iekhsan%20Othman"> Iekhsan Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifah%20Binti%20Syed%20Hassan"> Sharifah Binti Syed Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Meat quality is always subject to consumer scrutiny when purchasing from retail markets on mislabeling as fresh meat. Various physiological and biochemical changes influence the quality of meat. As a major component of muscle tissue, proteins play a major role in muscle foods. In meat industry, freezing is the most common form of storage of meat products. Repeated cycles of freezing and thawing are common in restaurants, kitchen, and retail outlets and can also occur during transportation or storage. Temperature fluctuation is responsible for physical, chemical, and biochemical changes. Repeated cycles of ‘freeze-thaw’ degrade the quality of meat by stimulating the lipid oxidation and surface discoloration. The shelf life of meat is usually determined by its appearance, texture, color, flavor, microbial activity, and nutritive value and is influenced by frozen storage and subsequent thawing. The main deterioration of frozen meat during storage is due to protein. Due to the large price differences between fresh and frozen–thawed meat, it is of great interest to consumer to know whether a meat product is truly fresh or not. Researchers have mainly focused on the reduction of moisture loss due to freezing and thawing cycles of meat. The water holding capacity (WHC) of muscle proteins and reduced water content are key quality parameters of meat that ultimately changes color and texture. However, there has been limited progress towards understanding the actual mechanisms behind the meat quality changes under the freeze–thaw cycles. Furthermore, effect of freeze-thaw process on integrity of proteins is ignored. In this paper, we have studied the effect of ‘freeze-thawing’ on physicochemical changes of chicken meat protein. We have assessed the quality of meat by pH, spectroscopic measurements, Western Blot. Our results showed that increase in freeze-thaw cycles causes changes in pH. Measurements of absorbance (UV-visible and IR) indicated the degradation of proteins. The expression of various proteins (CREB, AKT, MAPK, GAPDH, and phosphorylated forms) were performed using Western Blot. These results indicated the repeated cycles of freeze-thaw is responsible for deterioration of protein, thus causing decrease in nutritious value of meat. It damges the use of these products in Islamic Sharia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken%20meat" title="chicken meat">chicken meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze-thaw" title=" freeze-thaw"> freeze-thaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halal" title=" halal"> halal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20blot" title=" western blot"> western blot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32910/influence-of-freeze-thaw-cycles-on-protein-integrity-and-quality-of-chicken-meat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Optimal Capacitors Placement and Sizing Improvement Based on Voltage Reduction for Energy Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zilaila%20Zakaria">Zilaila Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhd%20Azri%20Abdul%20Razak"> Muhd Azri Abdul Razak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Murtadha%20Othman"> Muhammad Murtadha Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ainor%20Yahya"> Mohd Ainor Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Musirin"> Ismail Musirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mat%20Nasir%20Kari"> Mat Nasir Kari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Fazli%20Osman"> Mohd Fazli Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Zaini%20Hassan"> Mohd Zaini Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baihaki%20Azraee"> Baihaki Azraee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy efficiency can be realized by minimizing the power loss with a sufficient amount of energy used in an electrical distribution system. In this report, a detailed analysis of the energy efficiency of an electric distribution system was carried out with an implementation of the optimal capacitor placement and sizing (OCPS). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) will be used to determine optimal location and sizing for the capacitors whereas energy consumption and power losses minimization will improve the energy efficiency. In addition, a certain number of busbars or locations are identified in advance before the PSO is performed to solve OCPS. In this case study, three techniques are performed for the pre-selection of busbar or locations which are the power-loss-index (PLI). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is designed to provide a new population with improved sizing and location of capacitors. The total cost of power losses, energy consumption and capacitor installation are the components considered in the objective and fitness functions of the proposed optimization technique. Voltage magnitude limit, total harmonic distortion (THD) limit, power factor limit and capacitor size limit are the parameters considered as the constraints for the proposed of optimization technique. In this research, the proposed methodologies implemented in the MATLAB® software will transfer the information, execute the three-phase unbalanced load flow solution and retrieve then collect the results or data from the three-phase unbalanced electrical distribution systems modeled in the SIMULINK® software. Effectiveness of the proposed methods used to improve the energy efficiency has been verified through several case studies and the results are obtained from the test systems of IEEE 13-bus unbalanced electrical distribution system and also the practical electrical distribution system model of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (SSAAS) government building in Shah Alam, Selangor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title="particle swarm optimization">particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-determine%20of%20capacitor%20locations" title=" pre-determine of capacitor locations"> pre-determine of capacitor locations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20capacitors%20placement%20and%20sizing" title=" optimal capacitors placement and sizing"> optimal capacitors placement and sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced%20electrical%20distribution%20system" title=" unbalanced electrical distribution system"> unbalanced electrical distribution system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46202/optimal-capacitors-placement-and-sizing-improvement-based-on-voltage-reduction-for-energy-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> West Meets Islam in Contemporary World, Leadership Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Rosdi%20Senam">Muhamad Rosdi Senam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairuddin%20Abdul%20Rashid"> Khairuddin Abdul Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azila%20Ahmad%20Sarkawi"> Azila Ahmad Sarkawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rapiah%20Mohd%20Zaini"> Rapiah Mohd Zaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islam is a way of life than merely a religion that covers all facets of Muslim affairs and lifes. It provides the most comprehensive values, principles and guidance that are based on divine sources to all mankind in all spheres including leadership. Islamic leadership is all encompassing and holistic model of leadership that offers the tauhidic paradigm, spiritual and ethical (akhlaq) dimensions that are absent in the modern conventional leadership theories. Islamic leadership has a glorious history of great success from the era of the Prophet S.A.W. and the following caliphs that had conquered almost one third of the world territory during that time, as their leadership was paragon of excellence that followed to the spirits and teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah. As the modern civilisation designed by the West takes place, the modern leadership theories has been dominating the world and literature including those in the Muslim countries. However, it is clear that values and principles derived from Islam and the West are distinct, as the Islamic ones are based on divine, the non-Islamics are not indeed as there are based on human rational and judgement. Recent development in business organisations and literature have seen the tendency towards moral, ethical, even spiritual and positive form of leadership such as servant leadership, ethical leadership, authentic leadership and spiritual leadership that found its root in the Islamic model of leadership.This development has surfaced after series of serious ethical dilemma, corporate scandals and leadership crisis in the West. This paper aims to draw a comparative discussions and analysis between the modern conventional leadership theories with the Islamic leadership by highlighting the key dimensions that distinguish the two. It is suggested in this paper that the core dimensions of Islamic leadership are spiritual dimension, moral and ethical dimension and physical dimension which is also paralleled with the roles of khalifah of Allah on earth; relationship with Allah, relationship with human beings and relationship with the environment respectively. Islam is a way of life than merely a religion that covers all facets of Muslim affairs and lifes. It provides the most comprehensive values, principles and guidance that are based on divine sources to all mankind in all spheres including leadership. Islamic leadership is all encompassing and holistic model of leadership that offers the tauhidic paradigm, spiritual and ethical (akhlaq) dimensions that are absent in the modern conventional leadership theories. Islamic leadership has a glorious history of great success from the era of the Prophet S.A.W. and the following caliphs that had conquered almost one third of the world territory during that time, as their leadership was paragon of excellence that followed to the spirits and teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah. As the modern civilisation designed by the West takes place, the modern leadership theories has been dominating the world and literature including those in the Muslim countries. However, it is clear that values and principles derived from Islam and the West are distinct, as the Islamic ones are based on divine, the non-Islamics are not indeed as there are based on human rational and judgement. Recent development in business organisations and literature have seen the tendency towards moral, ethical, even spiritual and positive form of leadership such as servant leadership, ethical leadership, authentic leadership and spiritual leadership that found its root in the Islamic model of leadership.This development has surfaced after series of serious ethical dilemma, corporate scandals and leadership crisis in the West. This paper aims to draw a comparative discussions and analysis between the modern conventional leadership theories with the Islamic leadership by highlighting the key dimensions that distinguish the two. It is suggested in this paper that the core dimensions of Islamic leadership are spiritual dimension, moral and ethical dimension and physical dimension which is also paralleled with the roles of khalifah of Allah on earth; relationship with Allah, relationship with human beings and relationship with the environment respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20leadership" title="conventional leadership">conventional leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20leadership" title=" Islamic leadership"> Islamic leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative" title=" comparative"> comparative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions" title=" dimensions"> dimensions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23350/west-meets-islam-in-contemporary-world-leadership-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul 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