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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Categoriile_sistemului_de_apărare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categoriile_sistemului_de_apărare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Categoriile sistemului de apărare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Categoriile_sistemului_de_apărare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Categoriile sistemului de apărare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Categoriile_sistemului_de_apărare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistemul_imunitar_nespecific,_înnăscut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemul_imunitar_nespecific,_înnăscut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sistemul imunitar nespecific, înnăscut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemul_imunitar_nespecific,_înnăscut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemul_imunitar_specific,_dobândit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemul_imunitar_specific,_dobândit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sistemul imunitar specific, dobândit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemul_imunitar_specific,_dobândit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Componentele_sistemului_imun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Componentele_sistemului_imun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Componentele sistemului imun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Componentele_sistemului_imun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sistemul imunitar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 115 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuunstelsel" title="Immuunstelsel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Immuunstelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunsystem" title="Immunsystem – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Immunsystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_immunitario" title="Sistema immunitario – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sistema immunitario" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="جهاز مناعي – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهاز مناعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%89" title="جهاز مناعى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جهاز مناعى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="প্ৰতিৰোধ তন্ত্ৰ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰতিৰোধ তন্ত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_inmunitariu" title="Sistema inmunitariu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema inmunitariu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mmun_sistemi" title="İmmun sistemi – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İmmun sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="باغیشیقلیق سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باغیشیقلیق سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Иммунлыҡ системаһы – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иммунлыҡ системаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imon%C4%97n%C4%97_s%C4%97stema" title="Imonėnė sėstema – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Imonėnė sėstema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Імунная сістэма – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Імунная сістэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Імунная сыстэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Імунная сыстэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Имунна система – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Имунна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="इम्यून सिस्टम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इम्यून सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_imun" title="Sistim imun – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Sistim imun" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="অনাক্রম্যতন্ত্র – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনাক্রম্যতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunolo%C5%A1ki_sistem" title="Imunološki sistem – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Imunološki sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_immunitari" title="Sistema immunitari – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema immunitari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کۆئەندامی بەرگری – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆئەندامی بەرگری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunitn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Imunitní systém – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Imunitní systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Иммун системи – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иммун системи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_imiwnedd" title="System imiwnedd – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System imiwnedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunforsvar" title="Immunforsvar – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Immunforsvar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunsystem" title="Immunsystem – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Immunsystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Immune system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imuna_sistemo" title="Imuna sistemo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Imuna sistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_inmunitario" title="Sistema inmunitario – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema inmunitario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuuns%C3%BCsteem" title="Immuunsüsteem – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Immuunsüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunitate-sistema" title="Immunitate-sistema – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Immunitate-sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="دستگاه ایمنی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه ایمنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuunij%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Immuunijärjestelmä – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Immuunijärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotia_ni_Yago" title="Sotia ni Yago – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sotia ni Yago" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunskipan" title="Immunskipan – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Immunskipan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_immunitaire" title="Système immunitaire – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système immunitaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_C%C3%B3ras_imdh%C3%ADonachta" title="An Córas imdhíonachta – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Córas imdhíonachta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8m_iminit%C3%A8r" title="Systèm iminitèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Systèm iminitèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_inmunitario" title="Sistema inmunitario – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema inmunitario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetepu%27aka_ypykatu" title="Tetepu'aka ypykatu – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tetepu'aka ypykatu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%AAn-yi%CC%8Dt_hi-th%C3%BAng" title="Miên-yi̍t hi-thúng – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Miên-yi̍t hi-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מערכת החיסון – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת החיסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Immune system" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunosni_sustav" title="Imunosni sustav – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Imunosni sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_iminit%C3%A8" title="Sistèm iminitè – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm iminitè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunrendszer" title="Immunrendszer – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Immunrendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Իմունային համակարգ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իմունային համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_imun" title="Sistem imun – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem imun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_immuno" title="Sistema ti immuno – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti immuno" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93n%C3%A6miskerfi" title="Ónæmiskerfi – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ónæmiskerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_immunitario" title="Sistema immunitario – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema immunitario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB" title="免疫系 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="免疫系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imyuun_sistim" title="Imyuun sistim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Imyuun sistim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_imun" title="Sistem imun – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem imun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="იმუნური სისტემა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იმუნური სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Иммунды жүйе – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иммунды жүйе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಮಾನವ ದೇಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿರಕ್ಷಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾನವ ದೇಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿರಕ್ಷಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%97%AD%EA%B3%84" title="면역계 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="면역계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_immunitatis" title="Systema immunitatis – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema immunitatis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunsystem" title="Immunsystem – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Immunsystem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obunnafu_mu_mubiri" title="Obunnafu mu mubiri – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Obunnafu mu mubiri" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_imunitari" title="Sistema imunitari – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema imunitari" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunin%C4%97_sistema" title="Imuninė sistema – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imuninė sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C5%ABnsist%C4%93ma" title="Imūnsistēma – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Imūnsistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Имунолошки систем – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Имунолошки систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="രോഗപ്രതിരോധവ്യവസ്ഥ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രോഗപ്രതിരോധവ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Дархлааны систем – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дархлааны систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဒြဟတ်အိမ်မုန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဒြဟတ်အိမ်မုန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_imun" title="Sistem imun – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem imun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuunsysteem" title="Immuunsysteem – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Immuunsysteem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="इम्युन प्रणाली – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इम्युन प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuunsysteem" title="Immuunsysteem – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Immuunsysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunforsvar" title="Immunforsvar – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Immunforsvar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunforsvar" title="Immunforsvar – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Immunforsvar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_immunitari" title="Sistèma immunitari – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma immunitari" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE" title="ਇਮਿਊਨ ਸਿਸਟਮ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਮਿਊਨ ਸਿਸਟਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_immune" title="Sistemang immune – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Sistemang immune" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_odporno%C5%9Bciowy" title="Układ odpornościowy – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ odpornościowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE" title="بچاؤ پربندھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بچاؤ پربندھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مدافعتي نظام – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مدافعتي نظام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_imunit%C3%A1rio" title="Sistema imunitário – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema imunitário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unquy_hark%27ay" title="Unquy hark'ay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Unquy hark'ay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Иммунная система – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иммунная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Імунітна сістема – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Імунітна сістема" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuvdnavuog%C3%A1dat" title="Immuvdnavuogádat – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Immuvdnavuogádat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunski_sistem" title="Imunski sistem – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Imunski sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පද්ධතිය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පද්ධතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Immune system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunitn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Imunitný systém – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Imunitný systém" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunski_sistem" title="Imunski sistem – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Imunski sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_i_imunitetit" title="Sistemi i imunitetit – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi i imunitetit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Имунски систем – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Имунски систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunisasi" title="Imunisasi – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Imunisasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunf%C3%B6rsvar" title="Immunförsvar – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Immunförsvar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_wa_kingamaradhi" title="Mfumo wa kingamaradhi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo wa kingamaradhi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5" title="రోగ నిరోధక వ్యవస్థ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రోగ నిరోధక వ్యవస్థ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%93%E1%89%B0_%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%BB%E1%88%8D_%E1%88%95%E1%88%9B%E1%88%9D" title="ስርዓተ ምክልኻል ሕማም – tigrină" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ስርዓተ ምክልኻል ሕማም" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_inmune" title="Sistemang inmune – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistemang inmune" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1k_sistemi" title="Bağışıklık sistemi – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bağışıklık sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Иммун системасы – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иммун системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Імунна система – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імунна система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مدافعتی نظام – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مدافعتی نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immun_sistemasi" title="Immun sistemasi – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Immun sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Hệ miễn dịch – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ miễn dịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_immuno" title="Sistema immuno – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema immuno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="免疫系统 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="免疫系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="იმუნური სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იმუნური სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="אימון-סיסטעם – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אימון-סיסטעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="免疫系统 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="免疫系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A1n-e%CC%8Dk_h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Bián-e̍k hē-thóng – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bián-e̍k hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p><b>Sistemul imunitar</b> (din lat. <i>imunis</i> = liber, curat) este un termen folosit în <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologie</a> pentru definirea mecanismelor de apărare ale organismelor vii față de agenții patogeni. Acest rol de apărare este important pentru menținerea sănătății organismului, în cadrul raporturilor sale multiple cu mediul înconjurător, unde este supus continuu influenței factorilor externi. Toate organismele vii dispun de un astfel de sistem de apărare, dar sistemul imunitar este cu atât mai complex cu cât organismul considerat este mai sus situat pe scara evoluției biologice. La vertebrate acest sistem s-a perfecționat, devenind mai complex, acționând mai diferențiat și mai eficace. </p><p>În mod normal, sistemul imunitar caută îndepărtarea sau distrugerea corpurilor străine nesănătose sau nefavorabile sănătății sale, pătrunse în organism (agenți patogeni), cât și distrugerea unor structuri proprii dăunătoare, alterate. </p><p>Agenții patogeni care pot pătrunde în organism, generând reacții ale sistemului imunitar, pot fi: substanțe biologice (<a href="/wiki/Toxin%C4%83" title="Toxină">toxine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venin" title="Venin">veninuri</a>), organisme infracelulare (<a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virusuri</a>), organisme monocelulare (<a href="/wiki/Bacterie" title="Bacterie">bacterii</a>, ciuperci microscopice, <a href="/wiki/Protozoar" title="Protozoar">protozoare</a>) sau organisme pluricelulare (<a href="/wiki/Vierme_parazit" title="Vierme parazit">viermi paraziți</a>). </p><p>Structurile proprii cu modificări anormale, care sunt recunoscute și distruse de sistemul imunitar, includ celule tumorale, celule cu defecte sau moarte. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:CD4-recognition.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/CD4-recognition.png" decoding="async" width="249" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="168" /></a><figcaption>Un macrofag predă un <a href="/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">antigen</a> (informație) unui limfocit T mesager.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categoriile_sistemului_de_apărare"><span id="Categoriile_sistemului_de_ap.C4.83rare"></span>Categoriile sistemului de apărare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Categoriile sistemului de apărare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Categoriile sistemului de apărare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistemul_imunitar_nespecific,_înnăscut"><span id="Sistemul_imunitar_nespecific.2C_.C3.AEnn.C4.83scut"></span>Sistemul imunitar nespecific, înnăscut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistemul imunitar nespecific, înnăscut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemul imunitar nespecific, înnăscut"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Este sistemul de apărare prezent la majoritatea organismelor vii, încă de la începutul existenței organismului (imunitate înnăscută, moștenită). Nu se modifică în decursul vieții. Acționează prin mecanisme care apără gazda de infecția cu alte organisme, în mod nespecific. Aceasta înseamnă că celulele sistemului imunitar înnăscut sunt capabile să recunoască și să reacționeze la agenții patogeni în mod general, fără a conferi o imunitate protectoare sau de lungă durată gazdei. Este sistemul imunitar dominant la plante, fungi, insecte și organisme pluricelulare primitive. </p><p>El este constituit din structuri și mecanisme cu rol protector. Unul din mecanismele este fagocitoza, realizată de celulele macrofage, limfocite și granulocite neutrofile, care prezintă receptori celulari cu care recunosc agentul patogen pătruns în organism. Alarma este declanșată și răspândită și de alte celule, numite celule mesagere, la locul de fagocitoză apar fenomene specifice unei inflamații „calor, rubor, dolor” (febră, roșeață și durere). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistemul_imunitar_specific,_dobândit"><span id="Sistemul_imunitar_specific.2C_dob.C3.A2ndit"></span>Sistemul imunitar specific, dobândit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistemul imunitar specific, dobândit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemul imunitar specific, dobândit"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Este dobândit în timpul vieții, după ce organismul a venit deja în prealabil în contact cu agentul patogen. Acest mecanism specific de apărare este orientat spre un anumit agent patogen, care este identificat prin antigeni specifici, iar pentru distrugerea agentului fiind elaborați anticorpi. Acest sistem de apărare molecular este susținut de celulele limfocite de tip „T” și „B” care au capacitatea de reține, memoriza caracterele agentului patogen, putându-l recunoaște la un contact nou. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Componentele_sistemului_imun">Componentele sistemului imun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Componentele sistemului imun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Componentele sistemului imun"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>pentru împiedicarea pătrunderii agentului patogen în corp sunt:</dd></dl> <ol><li>Barierele mecanice și fiziologice sunt compuse din piele, mucoase, saliva, sucul gastric, enzimele intestinale</li> <li>Bariera celulară din sânge și țesuturi compuse din: celulele neutrofile granulocite, limfocitele T și B, moncite, macrofage, care fagocitează agentul patogen.</li> <li>Bariera umorală <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic">humor - lichid</span> anticorpii acestea nu se pot deplasa activ ca și celulele din sistemul de apărare ci ele sunt transportate pasiv de curentul sanguin și limfatic fiind constituite din molecule proteice care se fixează pe membrana celulară a agentului patogen, care va fi inactivat și distrus.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemul_imunitar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prof. dr. Grigore Mihăescu: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/biologie/mihaiescu/3.htm"><i>Imunologie și imunochimie</i></a>, cap. 3 - Sistemul imunitar, Universitatea București, 2003</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098530j">cb12098530j</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098530j">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4026643-6">4026643-6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh86006453">sh86006453</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121043&CON_LNG=ENG">ph121043</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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