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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;"/><title>Isaiah 34 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/expositors/isaiah/34.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/5001com.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="../spec.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 4800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 4800px)" href="/4801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1550px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1550px)" href="/1551.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1250px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1250px)" href="/1251.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1050px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1050px)" href="/1051.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 900px), only screen and (max-device-width: 900px)" href="/901.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 800px)" href="/801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 575px), only screen and (max-device-width: 575px)" href="/501.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-height: 450px), only screen and (max-device-height: 450px)" href="/h451.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="../cmenus/isaiah/34.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmcom/isaiah/34-1.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="//biblehub.com">Bible</a> > <a href="/commentaries/">Commentary</a> > <a href="../">Ellicott</a> > <a href="../isaiah/">Isaiah</a></div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../isaiah/33.htm" title="Isaiah 33">◄</a> Isaiah 34 <a href="../isaiah/35.htm" title="Isaiah 35">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</div><div class="chap"> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-1.htm">Isaiah 34:1</a></div><div class="verse">Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye people: let the earth hear, and all that is therein; the world, and all things that come forth of it.</div>XXXIV.</span><p>(1) <span class= "bld">Come near, ye nations, to hear . . .</span>—The two chapters that follow have a distinct character of their own. They form, as it were, the closing epilogue of the first great collection of Isaiah’s prophecies, the historical section that follows (Isaiah 36-39) serving as a link between them and the great second volume, which comes as an independent whole. Here, accordingly, we have to deal with what belongs to a transition period, probably the closing years of the reign of Hezekiah The Egyptian alliance and the attack of Sennacherib are now in the back-ground, and the prophet’s vision takes a wider range. In the destruction of the Assyrian army he sees the pledge and earnest of the fate of all who fight against God, and as a representative instance of such enemies, fixes upon Edom, then, as ever, foremost among the enemies of Judah. They had invaded that kingdom in the days of Ahaz (<a href="/2_chronicles/28-17.htm" title="For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and carried away captives.">2Chronicles 28:17</a>). The inscriptions of Sennacherib (Lenormant, <span class= "ital">Anc. Hist., </span>i. 399) show that they submitted to him. They probably played a part in his invasion of Judah, in his attack on Jerusalem, analogous to that which drew down the bitter curse of the Babylonian exiles (<a href="/psalms/137-7.htm" title="Remember, O LORD, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem; who said, Raze it, raze it, even to the foundation thereof.">Psalm 137:7</a>). The chapters are further noticeable as having served as a model both to Zephaniah throughout his prophecy, and to Jeremiah 25, <a href="/context/jeremiah/46-3.htm" title="Order you the buckler and shield, and draw near to battle.">Jeremiah 46:3-12</a>, Jeremiah 50, 51, parallelisms with which will meet us as we go on.<p>The prophecy opens, as was natural, with a wider appeal. The lesson which Isaiah has to teach is one for all time and for all nations: “They that take the sword shall perish by the sword.” There rises before his eyes once more the vision of a day of great slaughter, such as the world had never known before, the putrid carcasses of the slain covering the earth, as they had covered Tophet, the Valley of Hinnom, after the pestilence had done its work on Sennacherib’s army. (Comp. as an instance of like hyperbole, the vision of the destruction of Gog and Magog, in <a href="/context/ezekiel/39-11.htm" title="And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will give to Gog a place there of graves in Israel, the valley of the passengers on the east of the sea: and it shall stop the noses of the passengers: and there shall they bury Gog and all his multitude: and they shall call it The valley of Hamongog.">Ezekiel 39:11-16</a>.)<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-4.htm">Isaiah 34:4</a></div><div class="verse">And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll: and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling <i>fig</i> from the fig tree.</div>(4) <span class= "bld">And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved . . .</span>—No prophetic picture of a “day of the Lord” was complete without this symbolism (see <a href="/context/isaiah/13-10.htm" title="For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.">Isaiah 13:10-11</a>), probably written about this period. Like the psalmist (<a href="/psalms/102-26.htm" title="They shall perish, but you shall endure: yes, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a clothing shall you change them, and they shall be changed:">Psalm 102:26</a>), Isaiah contrasts the transitoriness of sun, moon, and stars, with the eternity of Jehovah. The Greek poets sing that the “life of the generations of men is as the life of the leaves of the trees” (Homer, <span class= "ital">Il. vi.</span> 146). To Isaiah’s sublime thoughts there came the vision of a time when even the host of heaven would fall as “a leaf from the vine, and as a fig from the fig-tree.”<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-5.htm">Isaiah 34:5</a></div><div class="verse">For my sword shall be bathed in heaven: behold, it shall come down upon Idumea, and upon the people of my curse, to judgment.</div>(5) <span class= "bld">My sword shall be bathed in heaven . . .</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">hath drunk to the full. </span>The words find an echo in <a href="/context/deuteronomy/32-41.htm" title="If I whet my glittering sword, and my hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to my enemies, and will reward them that hate me.">Deuteronomy 32:41-42</a>, and <a href="/jeremiah/46-10.htm" title="For this is the day of the Lord GOD of hosts, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword shall devour, and it shall be satiate and made drunk with their blood: for the Lord GOD of hosts has a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates.">Jeremiah 46:10</a>. There, however, the sword is soaked, or made drunk with blood. Here it is “bathed <span class= "ital">in heaven,” </span>and this seems to require a different meaning. We read in Greek poets, of the “dippings” by which steel was tempered. May not the “bathing” of Isaiah have a like significance?<p><span class= "bld">It shall come down upon Idumea . . .</span>—Better, <span class= "ital">for Edom, </span><span class= "bld">. . .</span> here and in the next verse. No reason can be assigned for this exceptional introduction of the Greek form.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-6.htm">Isaiah 34:6</a></div><div class="verse">The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, <i>and</i> with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea.</div>(6) <span class= "bld">The Lord hath a sacrifice in Bozrah . . .</span>—Two cities of this name appear in history; one in the Haurân, more or less conspicuous in ecclesiastical history, and the other, of which Isaiah now speaks, in Edom. It was a strongly fortified city, and is named again and again. (Comp. <a href="/isaiah/63-1.htm" title="Who is this that comes from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, traveling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save.">Isaiah 63:1</a>; <a href="/amos/1-12.htm" title="But I will send a fire on Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.">Amos 1:12</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/49-13.htm" title="For I have sworn by myself, said the LORD, that Bozrah shall become a desolation, a reproach, a waste, and a curse; and all the cities thereof shall be perpetual wastes.">Jeremiah 49:13</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/49-22.htm" title="Behold, he shall come up and fly as the eagle, and spread his wings over Bozrah: and at that day shall the heart of the mighty men of Edom be as the heart of a woman in her pangs.">Jeremiah 49:22</a>.) The image both of the sword and the sacrifice appears in <a href="/jeremiah/46-10.htm" title="For this is the day of the Lord GOD of hosts, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword shall devour, and it shall be satiate and made drunk with their blood: for the Lord GOD of hosts has a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates.">Jeremiah 46:10</a>.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-7.htm">Isaiah 34:7</a></div><div class="verse">And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.</div>(7) <span class= "bld">And the unicorns shall come down with them . . .</span>—Better, <span class= "ital">the aurochs, </span>or <span class= "ital">wild bulls </span><span class= "bld">. . .</span> The Hebrew, <span class= "ital">rem, </span>which meets us in <a href="/deuteronomy/33-17.htm" title="His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.">Deuteronomy 33:17</a>; <a href="/psalms/22-21.htm" title="Save me from the lion's mouth: for you have heard me from the horns of the unicorns.">Psalm 22:21</a>, has been identified with the buffalo, the antelope (<span class= "ital">Antilope leucoryx</span>)<span class= "ital">, </span>and by Mr. Houghton, a naturalist as well as a scholar, on the strength of Assyrian inscriptions, pointing to the land of the Khatti (Hittites) and the foot of the Lebanon as its <span class= "ital">habitat, </span>and of bas-reliefs representing it, with the <span class= "ital">Bos primigenius </span>of zoologists (<span class= "ital">Bible Educator, </span>ii. 24-29). Here, the fierce wild beasts stand for the chiefs of the Edomites. (Comp. <a href="/psalms/22-12.htm" title="Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.">Psalm 22:12</a>; <a href="/psalms/22-21.htm" title="Save me from the lion's mouth: for you have heard me from the horns of the unicorns.">Psalm 22:21</a>.) The verb, “shall come down,” as in <a href="/jeremiah/48-15.htm" title="Moab is spoiled, and gone up out of her cities, and his chosen young men are gone down to the slaughter, said the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts.">Jeremiah 48:15</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/50-27.htm" title="Slay all her bullocks; let them go down to the slaughter: woe to them! for their day is come, the time of their visitation.">Jeremiah 50:27</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/51-40.htm" title="I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he goats.">Jeremiah 51:40</a>, implies going down to the shambles, or slaughtering house.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-8.htm">Isaiah 34:8</a></div><div class="verse">For <i>it is</i> the day of the LORD'S vengeance, <i>and</i> the year of recompences for the controversy of Zion.</div>(8) <span class= "bld">The year of recompences for the controversy of Zion . . .</span>—The long-delayed day of retribution should come at last. This would be the outcome from the hand of Jehovah for the persistent hostility of the Edomites to the city which He had chosen.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-9.htm">Isaiah 34:9</a></div><div class="verse">And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch.</div>(9, 10) <span class= "bld">The streams thereof shall be turned into pitch . . .</span>—The imagery of the punishment which is to fall on Edom is suggested partly by the scenery of the Dead Sea, partly by the volcanic character of Edom itself, with its extinct craters and streams of lava. (Comp. <a href="/jeremiah/49-18.htm" title="As in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbor cities thereof, said the LORD, no man shall abide there, neither shall a son of man dwell in it.">Jeremiah 49:18</a>.) The prophet sees the destruction, as continuing not merely in its results, but in its process, the smoke of the burning craters rising up perpetually, and making the land uninhabitable.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-11.htm">Isaiah 34:11</a></div><div class="verse">But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess it; the owl also and the raven shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out upon it the line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness.</div>(11) <span class= "bld">But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess it . . .</span>—The picture of a wild, desolate region, haunted by birds and beasts that shun the abode of men, is a favourite one with Isaiah (comp. <a href="/context/isaiah/13-20.htm" title="It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelled in from generation to generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall the shepherds make their fold there.">Isaiah 13:20-22</a>; <a href="/isaiah/14-23.htm" title="I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, said the LORD of hosts.">Isaiah 14:23</a>), and is reproduced by Zephaniah (<a href="/zephaniah/2-14.htm" title="And flocks shall lie down in the middle of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds; for he shall uncover the cedar work.">Zephaniah 2:14</a>). Naturalists agree in translating, <span class= "ital">The pelicans and hedgehogs; the owl, and the raven.</span><p><span class= "bld">The line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness . . .</span>—The “line” and the “stones” are those of the builder’s plumb-line, used, as in <a href="/2_kings/21-13.htm" title="And I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria, and the plummet of the house of Ahab: and I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipes a dish, wiping it, and turning it upside down.">2Kings 21:13</a>; <a href="/context/amos/7-7.htm" title="Thus he showed me: and, behold, the LORD stood on a wall made by a plumb line, with a plumb line in his hand.">Amos 7:7-9</a>; <a href="/lamentations/2-8.htm" title="The LORD has purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion: he has stretched out a line, he has not withdrawn his hand from destroying: therefore he made the rampart and the wall to lament; they languished together.">Lamentations 2:8</a>, for the work, not of building up, but for the destroying as with a scientific completeness. “Confusion” and “emptiness,” are the <span class= "ital">tohu v’bohu, “</span>without form and void” of the primeval chaos (<a href="/genesis/1-1.htm" title="In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.">Genesis 1:1</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-12.htm">Isaiah 34:12</a></div><div class="verse">They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none <i>shall be</i> there, and all her princes shall be nothing.</div>(12) <span class= "bld">They shall call the nobles thereof . . .</span>—The monarchy of Edom seems to have been elective, its rulers being known, not as kings, but by the title which the English version renders by “dukes” (<a href="/context/genesis/36-15.htm" title="These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,">Genesis 36:15-43</a>). It will be noticed that no chief in the list of dukes is the son of his predecessor. Isaiah fore tells as part of the utter collapse of Edom that there shall be neither electors nor any to elect.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-13.htm">Isaiah 34:13</a></div><div class="verse">And thorns shall come up in her palaces, nettles and brambles in the fortresses thereof: and it shall be an habitation of dragons, <i>and</i> a court for owls.</div>(13) <span class= "bld">An habitation of dragons, and a court for owls . . .</span>—The wild creatures named are identified, as elsewhere, with <span class= "ital">“</span>jackals” (“wild dogs,” Delitzsch) and “ostriches.”<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-14.htm">Isaiah 34:14</a></div><div class="verse">The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.</div>(14) <span class= "bld">The wild beasts of the desert . . .</span>—Better, <span class= "ital">wild cats </span>or <span class= "ital">hyenas shall meet wolves. </span>The nouns that follow belong, apparently, to the region of mythical zoology. The English “satyr” expresses fairly enough the idea of a “demon-brute” haunting the waste places of the palaces of Edom, while the “screech-owl” is the <span class= "ital">Lilith, </span>the she-vampire, who appears in the legends of the Talmud as having been Adam’s first wife, who left him and was turned into a demon. With the later Jews, <span class= "ital">Lilith, </span>as sucking the blood of children, was the bugbear of the nursery. <span class= "ital">Night-vampire </span>would, perhaps, be the best rendering.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-15.htm">Isaiah 34:15</a></div><div class="verse">There shall the great owl make her nest, and lay, and hatch, and gather under her shadow: there shall the vultures also be gathered, every one with her mate.</div>(15) <span class= "bld">The great owl . . .</span>—Better, <span class= "ital">the arrow snake.</span><p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-16.htm">Isaiah 34:16</a></div><div class="verse">Seek ye out of the book of the LORD, and read: no one of these shall fail, none shall want her mate: for my mouth it hath commanded, and his spirit it hath gathered them.</div>(16) <span class= "bld">Seek ye out of the book of the Lord . . .</span>—The phrase is an exceptional one. Isaiah applies that title either to this particular section, or to the volume of his collected writings. When the time of the fulfilment comes, men are invited to compare what they shall then find with the picture which Isaiah had drawn. Keith and others have brought together from the descriptions of modern travellers, illustrations of the condition of Edom as it is well summed up by Delitzsch <span class= "ital">in loc. “</span>It swarms with snakes, and the desolate heights and barren table-lands are only inherited by wild crows and eagles; and great flocks of birds.” It has to be remembered, however, that the decay was very gradual. The ruins of Petra and other Idumæan cities are of Roman origin, and indicate a period of culture and prosperity stretching far into the history of the Empire.<span class= "bld"><p>His spirit.</span>—In the sense of the creative Breath of the Almighty working in Nature (<a href="/psalms/104-30.htm" title="You send forth your spirit, they are created: and you renew the face of the earth.">Psalm 104:30</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/34-17.htm">Isaiah 34:17</a></div><div class="verse">And he hath cast the lot for them, and his hand hath divided it unto them by line: they shall possess it for ever, from generation to generation shall they dwell therein.</div>(17) <span class= "bld">He hath cast the lot for them . . .</span><span class= "ital">—i.e., </span>hath allotted, or assigned it as by a formal deed of transfer, <span class= "ital">to </span>the savage beasts who are to be its future possessors. The thought is the same as that of <a href="/acts/17-26.htm" title="And has made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;">Acts 17:26</a>. God is represented as the Supreme Ruler assigning to each nation its place in the world’s history, its seasons of prosperity and judgment.<p><span class= "bld"><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers<br /><br />Text Courtesy of <a href="//biblesupport.com" target="_top">BibleSupport.com</a>. 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