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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collective_bargaining_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collective_bargaining_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Collective bargaining agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collective_bargaining_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jurisdiction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jurisdiction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Jurisdiction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Work_jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Work jurisdiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographical_jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographical_jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Geographical jurisdiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographical_jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Membership requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NewDeal4Animation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NewDeal4Animation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>NewDeal4Animation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NewDeal4Animation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional guild and union of animators</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Animation Guild</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>The Animation Guild and Affiliated Optical Electronic and Graphic Arts</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Animation_Guild,_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/The_Animation_Guild%2C_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839_logo.svg/220px-The_Animation_Guild%2C_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/The_Animation_Guild%2C_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839_logo.svg/330px-The_Animation_Guild%2C_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/The_Animation_Guild%2C_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839_logo.svg/440px-The_Animation_Guild%2C_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="163" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">TAG</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Screen_Cartoonist%27s_Guild" title="Screen Cartoonist's Guild">Screen Cartoonist's Guild</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1952</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Burbank, California</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="country-name">United States</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,550 (2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Jeanette Moreno King</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Teri Hendrich Cusumano</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Steve Kaplan <span style="font-size:85%;">(Business Representative)</span></li> <li>Paula Spence <span style="font-size:85%;">(Recording Secretary)</span></li> <li>Erica Smith <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sergeant-at-Arms)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AFL-CIO" title="AFL-CIO">AFL-CIO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animationguild.org/">www<wbr />.animationguild<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7713837#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Animation Guild</b>, also known as <b>TAG</b><sup id="cite_ref-sarto2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a professional <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</a> of <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> artists, writers and technicians.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full name of the organization is The Animation Guild and Affiliated Optical Electronic and Graphic Arts, Local 839 of the <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees</a> and Moving Picture Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States, its Territories and Canada, <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor-Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations">American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_the_Guild">Before the Guild</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before the Guild"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the founding of the union on January 18, 1952, under the name "The Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists Guild, IATSE Local 839",<sup id="cite_ref-oac2023_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oac2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known as "Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists Guild" for short, the push to unionize the <a href="/wiki/Animation_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Animation industry">animation industry</a> in the United States came from the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Cartoonist%27s_Guild" title="Screen Cartoonist's Guild">Screen Cartoonist's Guild</a>. It was a union which held its first union meeting in 1937 and won recognition in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1940 to 1941, animators at <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Walt Disney Studios</a> were successfully organized,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a victory for the Guild and defeat for Disney and the <a href="/wiki/Company_union" title="Company union">company union</a> known as Federation of Screen Cartoonists (FSC), following the <a href="/wiki/Disney_animators%27_strike" title="Disney animators' strike">end of the strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in 1944, the Guild sent organizers to New York City to form a local chapter, Local 1461.<sup id="cite_ref-oac2023_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oac2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, the Guild had an unsuccessful twenty-eight-week strike against <a href="/wiki/Terrytoons" title="Terrytoons">Terrytoons, Inc.</a> despite receiving support from other unions. Terrytoons hired students from <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle_High_School" title="New Rochelle High School">New Rochelle High School</a> as <a href="/wiki/Strikebreaker" title="Strikebreaker">scabs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Terry_(cartoonist)" title="Paul Terry (cartoonist)">Paul Terry</a> outlasted strikers with a "large backlog of unreleased films".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike was later described as the animation industry's "most devastating blow" for animators.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1958, the Guild successfully organized workers at <a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanna-Barbera Productions">Hanna-Barbera Productions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sarto2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, the union organized many animators across the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1979, the Guild struck for ten days against <a href="/wiki/Ruby-Spears_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby-Spears Productions">Ruby-Spears Productions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanna-Barbera Productions">Hanna-Barbera Productions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DePatie-Freleng_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="DePatie-Freleng Enterprises">DePatie-Freleng Enterprises</a>, with the studios agreeing to in-studio staffing levels before some work can be subcontracted outside of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, 1980, the Guild established the American Animation Institute which aimed to provide education about animation craft and art taught by professionals in <a href="/wiki/Animation_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Animation industry">animation industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1982, the studios refused to renew the 1979 agreement with Guild. This resulted in the Guild's 1,600 members <a href="/wiki/1982_animators%27_strike" title="1982 animators' strike">going on strike</a> against all animation studios within <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike ended with studios refusing to address the issues related to <a href="/wiki/Runaway_production" title="Runaway production">runaway productions</a> raised by the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, the Guild founded the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Animation_Studies" title="Society for Animation Studies">Society for Animation Studies</a>, which began holding an annual conference two years later, and later published a <a href="/wiki/Peer-reviewed_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-reviewed journal">peer-reviewed journal</a>, <i>Animation Studies</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spring 1995, the Guild signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sarto2022_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported in August 1999 that the Guild, which had 2,500 members at the time, was trying to unite with animators from other countries rather than competing against them.<sup id="cite_ref-gentle1999_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gentle1999-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002-Present">2002-Present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2002-Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2002, the union changed its name to "The Animation Guild".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oac2023_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oac2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November of the same year, <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Animation_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon Animation Studios">Nickelodeon Animation Studios</a> signed a collective bargaining agreement with the union for the first time, bringing in workers from <i><a href="/wiki/Dora_the_Explorer_(TV_series)" title="Dora the Explorer (TV series)">Dora the Explorer</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/SpongeBob_SquarePants" title="SpongeBob SquarePants">SpongeBob SquarePants</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sarto2022_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Guild members ratified a new collective bargaining agreement with major animation companies, which lasted until August 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2004, <a href="/wiki/DPS_Film_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="DPS Film Roman">DPS Film Roman</a> animators voted to join the Guild by a 166-20 vote, with a contract ratified in January 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in 2009, the Guild negotiated bargaining terms for <a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming television</a> when it was "something of a quirk," leading to a push by some in the <a href="/wiki/Animation_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Animation industry">animation industry</a>, and the Guild itself, for better working conditions for those in the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-domnoah_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-domnoah-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gamerant-newdeal_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamerant-newdeal-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sideletter N entered into the collective bargaining agreement with the Guild, in 2015, outlined improved working conditions for <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sarto2022_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, the Guild also inked a three-year contract with the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Producers" title="Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers">Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2019, the Guild ratified contracts for animators at Nickelodeon. The following month, the guild’s efforts to win workers at Shadowmachine, which were working on <i><a href="/wiki/BoJack_Horseman" title="BoJack Horseman">BoJack Horseman</a></i>, were successful.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, workers for the company would again vote to be part of the guild in May 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Animators who worked on <i><a href="/wiki/Rick_and_Morty" title="Rick and Morty">Rick and Morty</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Solar_Opposites" title="Solar Opposites">Solar Opposites</a></i> filed a petition, in February 2022, for a union election with the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> so they could join the guild. According to the Guild, <a href="/wiki/Adult_Swim" title="Adult Swim">Adult Swim</a> and <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century Studios</a> did not voluntarily recognize the entire unit as the Guild proposed, leading to a negotiation before recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, in September 2014, the crew of <i><a href="/wiki/Rick_%26_Morty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rick & Morty">Rick & Morty</a></i> ratified a new labor agreement with the Guild, following a successful organizing effort.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2022, it was announced that workers for the studio of <a href="/wiki/Titmouse,_Inc." title="Titmouse, Inc.">Titmouse, Inc.</a>, in New York, had organized under the Guild. It was the first time the union represented an <a href="/wiki/Animation_studio" title="Animation studio">animation studio</a> "outside of LA County".<sup id="cite_ref-sarto2022_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the union becoming public, Titmouse management chose to voluntarily recognize the union and negotiate with the Guild "in good faith".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, in October 2020, Titmouse Vancouver had become the first animation studio in Canada to join a union, joining the newly founded Animation Guild <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">IATSE</a> Local 938.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Guild ventured into its first organizing campaign outside of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a> when workers for the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a> based animation studio Gladius Animation Studios unionized with them in July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also reported, in July 2023, that there were efforts by 88 animators at <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Animation" title="Warner Bros. Animation">Warner Bros. Animation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a> to join the Guild, with their request for voluntary recognition of the union by management.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Animation Guild is governed by its membership, which meets every two months. To supervise the Guild's affairs, every three years the membership elects a sixteen-person Executive Board by secret mail ballot. The Executive Board meets every month. The key executives on the Board are: Jeanette Moreno King (as President),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jack Thomas (as Vice President), and Steve Kaplan (as Business Representative).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Business Representative is the only paid, full-time elected official of the Guild, which also has a paid staff. All other Board members work at studios under the Guild's jurisdiction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collective_bargaining_agreements">Collective bargaining agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Collective bargaining agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Animation Guild negotiates and enforces <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective bargaining agreements">collective bargaining agreements</a>, or CBAs, with companies employing persons under its <a href="/wiki/The_Animation_Guild,_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839#Jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839">jurisdiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-domnoah_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-domnoah-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present contract the Guild has with studios will expire in mid-2024, even though animated productions may be impacted by the <a href="/wiki/2023_SAG-AFTRA_strike" title="2023 SAG-AFTRA strike">2023 SAG-AFTRA strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Animation Guild's <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> is determined by its parent body, the <a href="/wiki/IATSE" class="mw-redirect" title="IATSE">IATSE</a>, and as defined in its CBA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_jurisdiction">Work jurisdiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Work jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Guild covers all artistic, creative and technical job categories in the <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> process, with the following exceptions: </p> <ul><li>Animation camerapersons are under the jurisdiction of IATSE Local 600.</li> <li>Track readers and soundpersons are under the jurisdiction of IATSE Local 695.</li> <li>Animation editors are under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Editors_Guild" title="Motion Picture Editors Guild">Motion Picture Editors Guild</a>, IATSE Local 700.</li> <li>Animation voice actors are covered by the <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a>.</li> <li>Generally speaking, <a href="/wiki/Animation_director" title="Animation director">animation directors</a> of theatrical features are not covered, as they are considered management due to their ability to hire and fire employees, but animation directors in other media such as television are covered.</li> <li>Although animation <a href="/wiki/Television_producer" title="Television producer">producers</a>, production managers and non-creative support personnel are not covered under the Guild CBA, <a href="/wiki/Employers" class="mw-redirect" title="Employers">employers</a> will sometimes sign a so-called "non-affiliate" agreement that allows them to cover them for purposes of <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">pension</a>.</li> <li>Although most animation writers are under the Animation Guild's jurisdiction, some are covered by the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_West" title="Writers Guild of America West">Writers Guild of America West</a>.</li> <li>So-called "freelancers" are covered under the CBA if they are working as employees of a signator employer. <i>Bona fide</i> <a href="/wiki/Independent_contractors" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent contractors">independent contractors</a> are not covered, since they are not employees of the company for which they perform work.</li></ul> <p>Although the Guild's traditional <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> was limited to those working on <a href="/wiki/Animated_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated film">animated films</a>, in recent years the Guild has expanded to the point where a significant percentage of its members are employed in motion picture <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a>. Today, both <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics#2D" title="Computer graphics">2D</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics#3D" title="Computer graphics">3D</a> artists work under the Guild's <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">live action</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographical_jurisdiction">Geographical jurisdiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geographical jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All of the Animation Guild's current <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective bargaining agreements">collective bargaining agreements</a> are with <a href="/wiki/Employers" class="mw-redirect" title="Employers">employers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">southern California</a>. The <a href="/wiki/IATSE" class="mw-redirect" title="IATSE">IATSE</a> and other IA locals have <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> over <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> in other areas of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. In December 2021 it was reported that the union had "close to 6,000 active members" and that most lived in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, in 2016, it was reported that the Guild had "nearly 4,000" members.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_requirements">Membership requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Membership requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Membership in the Animation Guild can be acquired either through employment or organizing. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> artists, writers and technicians who are hired by <a href="/wiki/The_Animation_Guild,_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839#Animation_studios_signed_with_TAG" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839">employers</a> signed to Guild <a href="/wiki/The_Animation_Guild,_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839#Collective_bargaining_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839">CBAs</a> will be required to join the Guild after thirty days' employment. The one-time initiation fee consists of two weeks' minimum scale wages for the job category in which the applicant has been hired. Dues are charged quarterly and are also based upon the scale rate for the job category as of the beginning of the quarter. As of August 2008 the highest dues rate is $101.00. In April 2018, the Guild announced that 25% of workers under its union contract were women, the first time for the union.<sup id="cite_ref-sarto2022_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> artists, writers and technicians who are employed by companies that do not have TAG agreements, may become members if and when the company is organized. Potential members may assist the Guild in its organizing efforts by signing a confidential representation card. After the employer is organized and signed to a <a href="/wiki/The_Animation_Guild,_I.A.T.S.E._Local_839#Collective_bargaining_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839">collective bargaining agreement</a>, employees often are brought into membership without initiation fees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NewDeal4Animation">NewDeal4Animation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: NewDeal4Animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>#NewDeal4Animation was a Tweet protest created in November 2021 by The Animation Guild, advocating for equal pay between animation writers and live-action writers, also citing the effects of COVID-19 on their jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-original-tweet-newdeal_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-original-tweet-newdeal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-comicon-newdeal_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comicon-newdeal-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a February 2021 video campaign featuring various animation writers, the Guild said that animation writers received less than half of live-action writers' pay.<sup id="cite_ref-comicon-newdeal_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comicon-newdeal-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other cited issues included changes in the workflow of studios, such as increased workload, out of proportion with shorter development time from technological advances; and paying animators for large first seasons at a lower rate (pay boosts are given for renewed series), but splitting that season into multiple smaller seasons for viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-gamerant-newdeal_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamerant-newdeal-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations for a new contract between TAG and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers—their last contract expired on October 30, 2021—began in November 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo1-newdeal_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo1-newdeal-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in May 2022, a new contract was agreed to, with retroactive additional wages and special clauses for remote work.<sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo2-newdeal_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo2-newdeal-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sarto2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sarto2022_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarto2022_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarto2022_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarto2022_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarto2022_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarto2022_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarto2022_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animation+World+Network&rft.atitle=The+Hollywood+Animation+Union+%28M.P.S.C.+%23839%29&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.aulast=Sito&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awn.com%2Fanimationworld%2Fhollywood-animation-union-mpsc-839-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyse" class="citation web cs1">Wyse, Will. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.csun.edu/SCA/Peek-in-the-Stacks/ScreenCartoonistsGuild">"The Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists Guild Collection"</a>. <i>Special Collections & Archives</i>. <a href="/wiki/CSUN" class="mw-redirect" title="CSUN">CSUN</a> University Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321234111/https://library.csun.edu/SCA/Peek-in-the-Stacks/ScreenCartoonistsGuild">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Special+Collections+%26+Archives&rft.atitle=The+Motion+Picture+Screen+Cartoonists+Guild+Collection&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.csun.edu%2FSCA%2FPeek-in-the-Stacks%2FScreenCartoonistsGuild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSito2005" class="citation web cs1">Sito, Thomas (July 19, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awn.com/animationworld/disney-strike-1941-how-it-changed-animation-comics">"The Disney Strike of 1941: How It Changed Animation & Comics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Animation_World_Network" title="Animation World Network">Animation World Network</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125033148/https://www.awn.com/animationworld/disney-strike-1941-how-it-changed-animation-comics">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animation+World+Network&rft.atitle=The+Disney+Strike+of+1941%3A+How+It+Changed+Animation+%26+Comics&rft.date=2005-07-19&rft.aulast=Sito&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awn.com%2Fanimationworld%2Fdisney-strike-1941-how-it-changed-animation-comics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrescod2021" class="citation web cs1">Prescod, Paul (May 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobin.com/2021/05/disney-workers-animators-cartoonists-artists-strike-picket-1941-guild-scg-sorrell-babbitt">"80 Years Ago Today, Disney Animation Workers Went on Strike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624131350/https://jacobin.com/2021/05/disney-workers-animators-cartoonists-artists-strike-picket-1941-guild-scg-sorrell-babbitt">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jacobin&rft.atitle=80+Years+Ago+Today%2C+Disney+Animation+Workers+Went+on+Strike&rft.date=2021-05-30&rft.aulast=Prescod&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobin.com%2F2021%2F05%2Fdisney-workers-animators-cartoonists-artists-strike-picket-1941-guild-scg-sorrell-babbitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReigle2022" class="citation web cs1">Reigle, Matt (May 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grunge.com/851098/the-brutal-truth-of-the-1941-disney-animators-strike/">"The Brutal Truth Of The 1941 Disney Animators Strike"</a>. <i>Grunge.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528085924/https://www.grunge.com/851098/the-brutal-truth-of-the-1941-disney-animators-strike/">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grunge.com&rft.atitle=The+Brutal+Truth+Of+The+1941+Disney+Animators+Strike&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.aulast=Reigle&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grunge.com%2F851098%2Fthe-brutal-truth-of-the-1941-disney-animators-strike%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animationguild.org/about-the-guild/warnerbros-terrytoons/">"Warner Brothers Battle & Terrytoons Strike"</a>. <i>The Animation Guild</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508022309/https://animationguild.org/about-the-guild/warnerbros-terrytoons/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Animation+Guild&rft.atitle=Warner+Brothers+Battle+%26+Terrytoons+Strike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanimationguild.org%2Fabout-the-guild%2Fwarnerbros-terrytoons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2004" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Karl F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIyH_DLYhoIC&pg=PA164"><i>Forbidden Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. pp. 163–164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786420322" title="Special:BookSources/9780786420322"><bdi>9780786420322</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forbidden+Animation%3A+Censored+Cartoons+and+Blacklisted+Animators+in+America&rft.pages=163-164&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780786420322&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Karl+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgIyH_DLYhoIC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.10/4.10pages/cohenmilestones3.php3">"Milestones Of The Animation Industry In The 20th Century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Animation_World_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Animation World Magazine">Animation World Magazine</a></i>. January 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816130536/https://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.10/4.10pages/cohenmilestones3.php3">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animation+World+Magazine&rft.atitle=Milestones+Of+The+Animation+Industry+In+The+20th+Century&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awn.com%2Fmag%2Fissue4.10%2F4.10pages%2Fcohenmilestones3.php3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLent2016" class="citation book cs1">Lent, John A. (2016). "The Unfunny Tale of Labor and Cartooning in the US and Around the World". In Maxwell, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZN8sCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Routledge Companion to Labor and Media</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04249-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04249-3"><bdi>978-1-135-04249-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Unfunny+Tale+of+Labor+and+Cartooning+in+the+US+and+Around+the+World&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Labor+and+Media&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-135-04249-3&rft.aulast=Lent&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZN8sCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animationguild.org/about-the-guild/the50s-the90s/">"The '50s Through the '90s"</a>. <i>The Animation Guild</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206230707/https://animationguild.org/about-the-guild/the50s-the90s/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Animation+Guild&rft.atitle=The+%2750s+Through+the+%2790s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanimationguild.org%2Fabout-the-guild%2Fthe50s-the90s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendelton1994" class="citation web cs1">Pendelton, Jennifer (November 18, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-11-18-va-64336-story.html">"In the Draw : The American Animation Institute in North Hollywood gives aspiring artists a nuts-and-bolts education in the cartooning business"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726212004/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-11-18-va-64336-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=In+the+Draw+%3A+The+American+Animation+Institute+in+North+Hollywood+gives+aspiring+artists+a+nuts-and-bolts+education+in+the+cartooning+business&rft.date=1994-11-18&rft.aulast=Pendelton&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1994-11-18-va-64336-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/06/arts/film-cartoonists-strike-hollywood-producers.html">"Film Cartoonists Strike Hollywood Producers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. August 6, 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221211005908/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/06/arts/film-cartoonists-strike-hollywood-producers.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Film+Cartoonists+Strike+Hollywood+Producers&rft.date=1982-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F08%2F06%2Farts%2Ffilm-cartoonists-strike-hollywood-producers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/08/17/The-county-Federation-of-Labor-sanctioned-a-cartoonists-strike/6709398404800/">"The county Federation of Labor sanctioned a cartoonists' strike..."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Animation+Guild+Members+Rally+For+Fair+Contract+In+Burbank&rft.date=2022-03-20&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2022%2F03%2Fanimation-guild-members-rally-burbank-fair-contract-sought-1234982731%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2023" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Drew (July 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewrap.com/sag-aftra-strike-animation-elio-wish/">"Animation Is No Longer Immune to Hollywood's Labor Unrest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wrap" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wrap">The Wrap</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722120651/https://www.thewrap.com/sag-aftra-strike-animation-elio-wish/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wrap&rft.atitle=Animation+Is+No+Longer+Immune+to+Hollywood%E2%80%99s+Labor+Unrest&rft.date=2023-07-21&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewrap.com%2Fsag-aftra-strike-animation-elio-wish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudok_De_Wit2021" class="citation web cs1">Dudok De Wit, Alex (December 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cartoonbrew.com/artist-rights/animation-guild-contract-negotiations-what-you-need-to-know-211082.html">"The Animation Guild Is Fighting For A New Contract: What You Need To Know"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602185627/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/artist-rights/animation-guild-contract-negotiations-what-you-need-to-know-211082.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Animation+Guild+Is+Fighting+For+A+New+Contract%3A+What+You+Need+To+Know&rft.date=2021-12-02&rft.aulast=Dudok+De+Wit&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cartoonbrew.com%2Fartist-rights%2Fanimation-guild-contract-negotiations-what-you-need-to-know-211082.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakarin2016" class="citation web cs1">Zakarin, Jordan (August 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inverse.com/article/19973-sausage-party-animator-abuse-highlights-industry-issues">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sausage Party' Controversy Highlights How Animators Get Screwed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Inverse_(website)" title="Inverse (website)">Inverse</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529182541/https://www.inverse.com/article/19973-sausage-party-animator-abuse-highlights-industry-issues">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inverse&rft.atitle=%27Sausage+Party%27+Controversy+Highlights+How+Animators+Get+Screwed&rft.date=2016-08-19&rft.aulast=Zakarin&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverse.com%2Farticle%2F19973-sausage-party-animator-abuse-highlights-industry-issues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-original-tweet-newdeal-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-original-tweet-newdeal_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnimation_Guild_Writers2021" class="citation web cs1">Animation Guild Writers [@TAGwriters] (November 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/TAGwriters/status/1461001184609660933">"Did you know that there's a significant gap between the pay of Animation Guild writers and live action writers?"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420013329/https://twitter.com/TAGwriters/status/1461001184609660933">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+you+know+that+there%27s+a+significant+gap+between+the+pay+of+Animation+Guild+writers+and+live+action+writers%3F&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft.au=Animation+Guild+Writers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FTAGwriters%2Fstatus%2F1461001184609660933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comicon-newdeal-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comicon-newdeal_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comicon-newdeal_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2022" class="citation web cs1">James, Tito W. (February 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comicon.com/2022/02/18/adult-animation-revolution-animation-professionals-call-for-new-deal-4-animation/">"Adult Animation Revolution: Animation Professionals Call For New Deal 4 Animation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Comicon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Comicon.com">Comicon.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218192704/https://www.comicon.com/2022/02/18/adult-animation-revolution-animation-professionals-call-for-new-deal-4-animation/">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comicon.com&rft.atitle=Adult+Animation+Revolution%3A+Animation+Professionals+Call+For+New+Deal+4+Animation&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Tito+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comicon.com%2F2022%2F02%2F18%2Fadult-animation-revolution-animation-professionals-call-for-new-deal-4-animation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2022" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Belen (March 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/article/animation-oscars-2022-joke-phil-lord">"Wake Up, Oscars: Animation isn't just for kids"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722202031/https://mashable.com/article/animation-oscars-2022-joke-phil-lord">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=Wake+Up%2C+Oscars%3A+Animation+isn%27t+just+for+kids&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Belen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2Farticle%2Fanimation-oscars-2022-joke-phil-lord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnimation_Guild_Writers2022" class="citation web cs1">Animation Guild Writers [@TAGwriters] (February 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/TAGwriters/status/1490732086222901263">"In our new video campaign, dozens of animation workers and allies speak out for a #NewDeal4Animation"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520140821/https://twitter.com/tagwriters/status/1490732086222901263">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+our+new+video+campaign%2C+dozens+of+animation+workers+and+allies+speak+out+for+a+%23NewDeal4Animation.&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft.au=Animation+Guild+Writers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FTAGwriters%2Fstatus%2F1490732086222901263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gizmodo1-newdeal-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gizmodo1-newdeal_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2022" class="citation web cs1">Carter, Justin (May 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/animation-guild-contract-amptp-new-deal-4-animation-1848990302">"The Animation Guild May Have Just Gotten the New Deal It Wanted"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529151726/https://gizmodo.com/animation-guild-contract-amptp-new-deal-4-animation-1848990302">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=The+Animation+Guild+May+Have+Just+Gotten+the+New+Deal+It+Wanted&rft.date=2022-05-29&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fanimation-guild-contract-amptp-new-deal-4-animation-1848990302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gizmodo2-newdeal-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gizmodo2-newdeal_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulliam-Moore2021" class="citation web cs1">Pulliam-Moore, Charles (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/the-animation-guilds-writers-are-ready-to-negotiate-for-1848117211">"The Animation Guild's Writers Are Ready to Negotiate for Pay Parity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531113230/https://gizmodo.com/the-animation-guilds-writers-are-ready-to-negotiate-for-1848117211">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=The+Animation+Guild%27s+Writers+Are+Ready+to+Negotiate+for+Pay+Parity&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Pulliam-Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fthe-animation-guilds-writers-are-ready-to-negotiate-for-1848117211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilkenny2022" class="citation web cs1">Kilkenny, Katie (June 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/animation-union-pushes-production-workers-strategy-labor-katie-kilkenny-1235164936/">"Behind the Animation Guild's Push to Organize Production Workers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720042545/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/animation-union-pushes-production-workers-strategy-labor-katie-kilkenny-1235164936/">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Animation+Guild%E2%80%99s+Push+to+Organize+Production+Workers&rft.date=2022-06-16&rft.aulast=Kilkenny&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2Fanimation-union-pushes-production-workers-strategy-labor-katie-kilkenny-1235164936%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Animation+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Animation_Guild&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animationguild.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animationguildblog.blogspot.com/">The Animation Guild</a></span> blog</li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tomsito.com/book_about.php">Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions from Bosko to Bart Simpson</a></span>, by: TAG President Emeritus Tom Sito</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animation_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Animation industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animation_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Animation industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animation_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animation industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animation_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_animation" title="American animation">Animation industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies_and_studios" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies and studios</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Majors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Majors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="NBCUniversal" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation_Television" title="DreamWorks Animation Television">DreamWorks Animation Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Classics" title="DreamWorks Classics">DreamWorks Classics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Idea_Entertainment" title="Big Idea Entertainment">Big Idea Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Films">Harvey Films</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_(company)" title="Illumination (company)">Illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Animation_Studios" title="Universal Animation Studios">Universal Animation Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Eye_Animation_Productions" title="CBS Eye Animation Productions">CBS Eye Animation Productions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Eye_Animation_Productions#Late_Night_Cartoons,_Inc." title="CBS Eye Animation Productions">Late Night Cartoons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Animation" title="MTV Animation">MTV Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Animation_Studio" title="Nickelodeon Animation Studio">Nickelodeon Animation Studio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Digital" title="Nickelodeon Digital">Nickelodeon Digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Movies" title="Nickelodeon Movies">Nickelodeon Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Animation" title="Paramount Animation">Paramount Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miramax_Films#Miramax_Family_&_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Miramax Films">Miramax Animation Studios</a> (49%)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Disney_Entertainment" title="Disney Entertainment">Disney Entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Animation" title="20th Century Animation">20th Century Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Television_Animation" title="20th Television Animation">20th Television Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Television_Animation" title="Disney Television Animation">Disney Television Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Animation" title="Lucasfilm Animation">Lucasfilm Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Animation" title="Marvel Animation">Marvel Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios_Animation" title="Marvel Studios Animation">Marvel Studios Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Animation Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_Studios" title="Cartoon Network Studios">Cartoon Network Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Animation" title="Warner Bros. Animation">Warner Bros. Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures_Animation" title="Warner Bros. Pictures Animation">Warner Bros. Pictures Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Street" title="Williams Street">Williams Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniplex_of_America" title="Aniplex of America">Aniplex of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Crunchyroll LLC">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Animation" title="Sony Pictures Animation">Sony Pictures Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Imageworks" title="Sony Pictures Imageworks">Sony Pictures Imageworks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/41_Entertainment" title="41 Entertainment">41 Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augenblick_Studios" title="Augenblick Studios">Augenblick Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awesome_Inc" title="Awesome Inc">Awesome Inc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bento_Box_Entertainment" title="Bento Box Entertainment">Bento Box Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandera_Entertainment" title="Bandera Entertainment">Bandera Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Zoom!" title="Bang Zoom!">Bang Zoom!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billionfold_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Billionfold Inc.">Billionfold Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blur_Studio" title="Blur Studio">Blur Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartuna" title="Cartuna">Cartuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHRLX" title="CHRLX">CHRLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_McCracken" title="Craig McCracken">CMCC Cartoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNEG" title="DNEG">DNEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Domain" title="Digital Domain">Digital Domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_Roman" title="Film Roman">Film Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Roman_Entertainment" title="Phil Roman Entertainment">Phil Roman Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County_Productions" title="Floyd County Productions">Floyd County Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Wolf_Films" title="Fred Wolf Films">Fred Wolf Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzy_Door_Productions" title="Fuzzy Door Productions">Fuzzy Door Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbro_Entertainment" title="Hasbro Entertainment">Hasbro Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward_Productions" title="Jay Ward Productions">Jay Ward Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Murray_(animator)" title="Joe Murray (animator)">Joe Murray Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanbar_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanbar Animation">Kanbar Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartoon_Studios" title="Kartoon Studios">Kartoon Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wow_Unlimited_Media" title="Wow Unlimited Media">Wow Unlimited Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolder_Media" title="Bolder Media">Bolder Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederator_Studios" title="Frederator Studios">Frederator Studios</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Kinofilm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klasky_Csupo" title="Klasky Csupo">Klasky Csupo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtz_%26_Friends" title="Kurtz & Friends">Kurtz & Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laika,_LLC" title="Laika, LLC">Laika, LLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Mendelson_Film_Productions" title="Lee Mendelson Film Productions">Lee Mendelson Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionsgate">Lionsgate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Canada" title="Lionsgate Canada">Lionsgate Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melendez_Films" title="Melendez Films">Melendez Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_Action_Entertainment" title="Man of Action Entertainment">Man of Action Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattel_Television" title="Mattel Television">Mattel Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Blasters" title="Media Blasters">Media Blasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexopolis" title="Mexopolis">Mexopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_Media" title="Mondo Media">Mondo Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_Point_Harness" title="6 Point Harness">6 Point Harness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix_Animation" title="Netflix Animation">Netflix Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_(company)" title="Noble (company)">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NYAV_Post" title="NYAV Post">NYAV Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Oedekerk" title="Steve Oedekerk">O Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallax_Studio" title="Parallax Studio">Parallax Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerhouse_Animation_Studios" title="Powerhouse Animation Studios">Powerhouse Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyop_(company)" title="Psyop (company)">Psyop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reel_FX_Animation" title="Reel FX Animation">Reel FX Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Animation" title="Renegade Animation">Renegade Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_Hues_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm and Hues Studios">Rhythm and Hues Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Draft_Studios" title="Rough Draft Studios">Rough Draft Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovio_Animation" title="Rovio Animation">Rovio Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Novelties" title="Screen Novelties">Screen Novelties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weston_Woods_Studios" title="Weston Woods Studios">Weston Woods Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SD_Entertainment" title="SD Entertainment">SD Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentai_Filmworks" title="Sentai Filmworks">Sentai Filmworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShadowMachine" title="ShadowMachine">ShadowMachine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skydance_Animation" title="Skydance Animation">Skydance Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Bartlett" title="Craig Bartlett">Snee-Oosh, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpindleHorse_Toons" title="SpindleHorse Toons">SpindleHorse Toons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splash_Entertainment" title="Splash Entertainment">Splash Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprite_Animation_Studios" title="Sprite Animation Studios">Sprite Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Stretch Films">Stretch Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoopid_Buddy_Stoodios" title="Stoopid Buddy Stoodios">Stoopid Buddy Stoodios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studiopolis" title="Studiopolis">Studiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Films" title="Tau Films">Tau Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_Entertainment" title="Threshold Entertainment">Threshold Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titmouse,_Inc." title="Titmouse, Inc.">Titmouse, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_ULULU_Company" title="The ULULU Company">The ULULU Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toei_Animation_Inc." title="Toei Animation Inc.">Toei Animation Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hillenburg#Other_pursuits" title="Stephen Hillenburg">United Plankton Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Animation" title="Vanguard Animation">Vanguard Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Canary_Animation" title="Wild Canary Animation">Wild Canary Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Events_Productions" title="World Events Productions">World Events Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_Studio" title="Worker Studio">Worker Studio</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/4Kids_Entertainment" title="4Kids Entertainment">4Kids Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70/30_Productions" title="70/30 Productions">70/30 Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Productions" title="Adelaide Productions">Adelaide Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Cartoon_Productions" title="Adventure Cartoon Productions">Adventure Cartoon Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspark" title="Allspark">Allspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblimation" title="Amblimation">Amblimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_Collective" title="Animation Collective">Animation Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_Lab" title="Animation Lab">Animation Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_Magic" title="Animation Magic">Animation Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Sky_Studios" title="Blue Sky Studios">Blue Sky Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BVS_Entertainment" title="BVS Entertainment">BVS Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_Productions" title="Cambria Productions">Cambria Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Pizza" title="Cartoon Pizza">Cartoon Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorion_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorion (company)">Chorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Seven_Animation" title="Circle Seven Animation">Circle 7 Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_Jar_Group" title="Cookie Jar Group">Cookie Jar</a></li> <li>Copernicus Studios</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest_Animation_Productions" title="Crest Animation Productions">Crest Animation Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curious_Pictures" title="Curious Pictures">Curious Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DePatie%E2%80%93Freleng_Enterprises" title="DePatie–Freleng Enterprises">DePatie–Freleng Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIC_Entertainment" title="DIC Entertainment">DIC Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneytoon_Studios" title="Disneytoon Studios">Disneytoon Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_Productions" title="DNA Productions">DNA Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Studios" title="Famous Studios">Famous Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmation" title="Filmation">Filmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleischer_Studios" title="Fleischer Studios">Fleischer Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format_Films" title="Format Films">Format Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Animation_Studios" title="Fox Animation Studios">Fox Animation Studios</a></li> <li>Frederator Films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Films" title="Golden Films">Golden Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera" title="Hanna-Barbera">Hanna-Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIT_Entertainment" title="HIT Entertainment">HIT Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetlag_Productions" title="Jetlag Productions">Jetlag Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Roiland%27s_Solo_Vanity_Card_Productions!" title="Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions!">Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroyer_Films" title="Kroyer Films">Kroyer Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laugh-O-Gram_Studio" title="Laugh-O-Gram Studio">Laugh-O-Gram Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Airplane_Productions" title="Little Airplane Productions">Little Airplane Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Productions" title="Marvel Productions">Marvel Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_Animation" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Animation/Visual_Arts" title="MGM Animation/Visual Arts">MGM Animation/Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_cartoon_studio" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio">MGM Cartoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirari_Films" title="Mirari Films">Mirari Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonScoop" title="MoonScoop">MoonScoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Oedekerk" title="Steve Oedekerk">Omation Animation Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Data_Images" title="Pacific Data Images">Pacific Data Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PorchLight_Entertainment" title="PorchLight Entertainment">PorchLight Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana_Studios" title="Prana Studios">Prana Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Axis_(studio)" title="Radical Axis (studio)">Radical Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment" title="Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment">Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth" title="Rooster Teeth">Rooster Teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby-Spears" title="Ruby-Spears">Ruby-Spears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Gems" title="Screen Gems">Screen Gems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skellington_Productions" title="Skellington Productions">Skellington Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup2Nuts" title="Soup2Nuts">Soup2Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%BCmc%C3%B8" title="Spümcø">Spümcø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Storyboard, Inc./Hubley Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Bluth_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Sullivan Bluth Studios">Sullivan Bluth Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbow_Entertainment" title="Sunbow Entertainment">Sunbow Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrytoons" title="Terrytoons">Terrytoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Television" title="Total Television">Total Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Productions_of_America" title="United Productions of America">United Productions of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Van_Beuren_Corporation" title="The Van Beuren Corporation">Van Beuren Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz_Productions" title="Walter Lantz Productions">Walter Lantz Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Cartoons" title="Warner Bros. Cartoons">Warner Bros. Cartoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%93t%C4%81_FX" title="Wētā FX">Wētā FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildbrain_Entertainment" title="Wildbrain Entertainment">Wildbrain Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Vinton#Will_Vinton_Studios" title="Will Vinton">Will Vinton Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac_Entertainment" title="Zodiac Entertainment">Zodiac Entertainment</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Industry_associations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Industry associations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Animation_Guild,_IATSE_Local_839" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839">The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASIFA-Hollywood" title="ASIFA-Hollywood">ASIFA-Hollywood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Feature" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Feature">Best Animated Feature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Awards" title="Annie Awards">Annie Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Awards" title="Emmy Awards">Emmy Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_and_Family_Emmy_Awards" title="Children's and Family Emmy Awards">Children's and Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="Primetime Emmy Awards">Primetime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Kids%27_Choice_Awards" title="Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards">Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Cartoon" title="Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Cartoon">Favorite Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Animated_Movie" title="Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Animated Movie">Animated Movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards" title="NAACP Image Awards">NAACP Image Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Animated Motion Picture">Motion Picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Series" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Animated Series">Series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Award" title="GLAAD Media Award">GLAAD Media Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Award_for_Outstanding_Kids_and_Family_Programming" title="GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Kids and Family Programming">Kids and Family Programming (Animated)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="Writers Guild of America Awards">Writers Guild of America Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Television:_Animation" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Animation">Television Animation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animation_in_the_United_States_during_the_silent_era" title="Animation in the United States during the silent era">Silent era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_American_animation" title="Golden age of American animation">Golden age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_and_American_animation" title="World War II and American animation">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_in_the_United_States_in_the_television_era" title="Animation in the United States in the television era">Television era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_animation_in_the_United_States" title="Modern animation in the United States">Modern era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">American comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_comics" title="History of American comics">History of American comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_bible" title="Tijuana bible">Tijuana bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humorous_Phases_of_Funny_Faces" title="Humorous Phases of Funny Faces">Humorous Phases of Funny Faces</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash animation</a></li> <li>Labor strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1937_Fleischer_Studios_strike" title="1937 Fleischer Studios strike">Fleischer Studios</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_animators%27_strike" title="Disney animators' strike">Disney</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_animators%27_strike" title="1982 animators' strike">Multiple studios</a> (1982)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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